CN216696710U - Atomic gravity gradiometer based on dislocation cone mirror - Google Patents

Atomic gravity gradiometer based on dislocation cone mirror Download PDF

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CN216696710U
CN216696710U CN202123452927.3U CN202123452927U CN216696710U CN 216696710 U CN216696710 U CN 216696710U CN 202123452927 U CN202123452927 U CN 202123452927U CN 216696710 U CN216696710 U CN 216696710U
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cone
magnetic field
gravity
beams
atomic
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周敏康
胡忠坤
程源
徐文杰
邓小兵
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The utility model provides an atom gravity gradiometer based on a dislocated cone mirror, relates to the technical field of atom interference measurement inertia, and provides an atom trapping device which is realized by utilizing two same cones in the vertical direction, can realize simultaneous gravity measurement of two position points in the vertical direction, and further forms a miniaturized atom gradiometer. This miniaturized atomic gradiometer utilizes the same imprisoned light, raman light to control the atom, guarantees that two groups of atom interference effect about the top are the same, more is favorable to common mode rejection noise, and this circular cone design is simple, only equally divides 8 with circular cone reflector surface, and two circular cone horizontal direction dislocation 45 degrees angles about during the installation. The method aims to solve the problems that the sizes of imprisoned atomic groups and the numbers of atoms are different due to the fact that atomic sensing imprisoned light spots and different power in the existing design scheme, and meanwhile, the complexity of cone design is reduced.

Description

Atomic gravity gradiometer based on dislocation cone mirror
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of atomic interferometry inertia, and particularly relates to an atomic gravity gradiometer based on a dislocation cone mirror.
Background
The atomic interferometer has important application in various fields such as basic physical research, geophysical, resource exploration, inertial navigation and the like due to high measurement precision. The atomic interferometer based on differential measurement can suppress common-mode noise sources and system effects due to its operation mode, and is currently used for measuring gravity gradients, equivalence principles, detecting gravitational waves, and the like. The gravity gradiometer realized by utilizing the atomic interferometer differential technology has important application in the aspects of gravity field distribution detection, underground structure detection, resource exploration and the like. For the gravity gradient measurement in the vertical direction, the existing atomic gravity gradiometer is mainly realized by two modes, one mode is to utilize a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap technology to trap atomic groups and respectively polish two beams of atomic groups to simultaneously interfere or two three-dimensional magneto-optical traps respectively trap atomic groups and polish (or fall) to simultaneously interfere, the other mode is to respectively place two pyramids (or cones) in the vertical direction and simultaneously trap two atoms of the groups by using a single beam to simultaneously realize interference, and the single-beam pyramid trapping technology can greatly reduce the volume and complexity of an optical system and the difficulty of light-trapping calibration. In contrast, the gravity gradient measurement scheme (publication number CN105026960A) proposed by moquitis corporation adopts a large pyramid and a small pyramid to trap two groups of atoms simultaneously, so as to realize gravity gradient measurement. However, the design scheme causes different requirements for trapping light beam expansion and power of the upper and lower pyramids, and causes different sizes and numbers of trapping radicals, thereby affecting the interferometric measurement result; while the gradiometer solution designed by the university of california berkeley Holger Mueller group uses two gradiometers (DOI:10.1109/INERTIAL48129.2020.9090014) constructed based on diffraction grating cones that require complex and elaborate etching processes. Therefore, a new atom trapping scheme of the atomic gravity gradiometer is designed, namely two groups of atoms are simultaneously trapped by adopting two identical cones (or pyramids) through dislocation of 45-degree angles, and the trapping laser power, the atom group size and the atom number are almost the same, so that the gravity gradient measurement is facilitated.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the utility model aims to provide an atomic gravity gradiometer based on a dislocation cone mirror, and aims to solve the problems that the sizes of upper and lower imprisoned atomic groups and the number of atoms are different due to the design of upper and lower pyramids in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an atomic gravity gradiometer based on a dislocated cone mirror, comprising: the device comprises a reflector, an 1/4 wave plate, a first cone, a second cone, a first magnetic field device and a second magnetic field device;
the first cone is arranged right above the second cone, and the 1/4 wave plate and the reflector are sequentially arranged right above the first cone;
the first cone and the second cone are of the same type, the cone top parts are opened with holes, the rest parts of the cones are equally divided into eight equal parts, wherein four equal parts are removed, and the rest four equal parts are evenly distributed in space; the first cone and the second cone are coaxially arranged up and down in the vertical direction, and are staggered by 45 degrees in the horizontal direction, so that the hollow part of the first cone is opposite to the solid part of the second cone; the opening directions of the first cone and the second cone are downward;
the first magnetic field device is used for generating a first preset magnetic field gradient for the interior of the first cone;
the second magnetic field device is used for generating a second preset magnetic field gradient for the interior of the second cone;
respectively enabling the upwardly propagated circular polarization imprisoned beams to be incident to the first conical surface and the second conical surface at an angle of 45 degrees, and to be incident to the 1/4 wave plate after passing through the opening;
the trapped beams incident to the four conical surfaces of the first cone are reflected to form a first group of four trapped beams which are oppositely emitted in the horizontal direction, and the trapped beams incident to the four conical surfaces of the second cone are reflected to form a second group of four trapped beams which are oppositely emitted in the horizontal direction; the imprisoned beam incident to the 1/4 wave plate forms a circular polarization imprisoned beam which propagates downwards after being reflected by the reflecting mirror;
the upward-propagating circular polarization confining beams, the downward-propagating circular polarization confining beams and the first group of four confining beams are combined with the first preset magnetic field gradient to generate a first magneto-optical trap inside a first cone, and the upward-propagating circular polarization confining beams, the downward-propagating circular polarization confining beams and the second group of four confining beams are combined with the second preset magnetic field gradient to generate a second magneto-optical trap inside a second cone;
the first magneto-optical trap and the second magneto-optical trap are used for cooling and trapping the upper atom group and the lower atom group respectively, then the action of trapping light beams and a magnetic field is removed simultaneously, the two atom groups can freely fall simultaneously, Raman light pulses with the same action in the free falling process of the two atom groups are used for measuring the gravity acceleration of the upper cone and the lower cone simultaneously, and the gravity gradient in the vertical direction is determined by combining the distance between the upper interferometer gravity measurement point and the lower interferometer gravity measurement point and the two gravity acceleration values.
In an optional example, the vertical gravity gradient ΓzzExpressed as:
Figure BDA0003453299240000031
where l is the distance between the two interferometer gravity measurement points, i.e. the base line of the gradiometer, g1Acceleration of gravity value, g, measured for the first cone2Is the gravitational acceleration value measured at the second cone.
In one optional example, the first magnetic field device comprises: a first set of Helmholtz coils;
the first set of Helmholtz coils is disposed about the first cone to produce a first predetermined magnetic field gradient within the first cone.
In one optional example, the second magnetic field device comprises: a second set of Helmholtz coils;
the second set of Helmholtz coils is disposed around the second cone to produce a second predetermined magnetic field gradient inside the second cone.
In one optional example, the first set of helmholtz coils comprises: a first Helmholtz coil and a second Helmholtz coil;
the first and second helmholtz coils are disposed above and below the first cone, respectively, to produce a first predetermined magnetic field gradient within the first cone.
In an optional example, the second set of helmholtz coils comprises: a third Helmholtz coil and a fourth Helmholtz coil;
the third and fourth helmholtz coils are disposed above and below the second cone, respectively, to produce a second predetermined magnetic field gradient within the second cone.
In an alternative example, the cone may be replaced by a pyramid.
In an optional example, when the confinement cone of the atomic group in the vertical direction can be expanded to N, where N is greater than 2, for example, where N is 3, the gradient of the vertical gradient can be measured;
each cone is divided into 4N parts according to the angle of 90 DEG/N, and the cones are installed in the vertical direction and relatively rotate by the angle of 90 DEG/N in the horizontal direction, so that N groups of atoms in the vertical direction are imprisoned at the same time, and the gravity acceleration of N position points in the vertical direction is measured at the same time.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
the utility model provides an atomic gravity gradiometer based on a dislocated cone mirror, wherein the atomic gravity gradiometer controls atoms by using the same trapping light and Raman light, the interference effect of upper and lower groups of atoms is ensured to be the same, common-mode noise suppression is facilitated, the design of the cone is simple, the reflecting mirror surface of the cone is only divided into 8 parts, the upper and lower cones are dislocated by 45 degrees during installation, the problems that the sizes of the trapping groups and the number of atoms are different due to the fact that atomic sensing trapping light spots and the power are different in the existing design scheme are solved, and meanwhile the complexity of the design of the cone is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a miniaturized atomic gravity gradiometer system based on a dislocated cone mirror according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a design structure of a cone and a pyramid of the miniaturized atomic gravity gradiometer according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the measurement principle of a vertical gravity gradiometer according to the present invention;
the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein: 100 is a reflector; 101 is 1/4 wave plate; 102 and 113 are Helmholtz coils of magneto-optical traps formed by upper cones; 103-106 are reflectors formed by upper cones; 107-112 are 6 trapping laser beams constituting the upper cone; 114 and 119 are Helmholtz coils of the magneto-optical trap formed by the lower cone, 115-118 are mirrors formed by the lower cone, and 120-125 are 6 trapped laser beams formed by the lower cone.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model.
The utility model relates to the technical field of atom interference measurement inertia, and provides a method for trapping atoms by using two same cones in the vertical direction, which can realize simultaneous gravity acceleration measurement of two position points in the vertical direction, thereby forming a miniaturized atom gradiometer. This miniaturized atomic gradiometer utilizes the same imprisoned light, raman light to control the atom, guarantees that two groups of atom interference effect about the top are the same, more is favorable to common mode rejection noise, and this circular cone design is simple, only equally divides 8 with circular cone reflector surface, and two upper and lower circular cones dislocation 45 degrees angles during the installation. The method aims to solve the problems that the sizes of imprisoned atomic groups and the numbers of atoms are different due to the fact that atomic sensing imprisoned light spots and different power in the existing design scheme, and meanwhile, the complexity of cone design is reduced.
The following detailed description of the sensor is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples: FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a miniaturized atomic gravity gradiometer system according to the present invention, in which a circularly polarized caging beam 108 incident from the bottom and propagating upward passes through 1/4 wave plate 101 and mirror 100 to form a circularly polarized laser beam 107, 107 and 108 reflected downward to constitute 2 caging beams in the vertical direction, and other incident caging beams 109, 110, 111 and 112 pass through upper conical mirrors 106, 105, 103 and 104 to reflect 4 caging beams in the horizontal direction, so that 6 caging beams constitute the necessary laser beams for the caged atoms, and 6 laser beams are generated by the same caging beam. 102 and 113 are magnetic field coils of the upper cone, and are used for generating a magnetic field gradient and combining 6 beams of trapping light to realize a magneto-optical trap, and finally realizing atom trapping cooling of the upper cone.
Similarly, the downward reflected laser beam 120 and the upward propagating laser beam 121 form 2 beams of confinement light which are oppositely emitted in the vertical direction, and the other incident confinement light 122, 123, 124, and 125 form 4 beams of confinement light which are oppositely emitted in the horizontal direction after passing through the upper conical reflectors 115, 116, 118, and 117, respectively, so that 6 beams of confinement light form the laser beam necessary for confinement of atoms, where 6 beams of laser are also generated by the same confinement light, and 114 and 119 are magnetic field coils of a lower cone, and are used for generating a magnetic field gradient and combining the 6 beams of confinement light to realize a magnetic light trap, and finally, atom cooling confinement of the lower cone is realized.
The same trapping light is utilized to realize simultaneous cooling trapping of two groups of atoms from top to bottom through designing a magneto-optical trap consisting of two same cones from top to bottom, then the magnetic field and the trapping light are removed simultaneously, the atoms can fall freely, Raman optical pulses with the same action in the falling process are used, and simultaneous measurement of gravity of two position points from top to bottom is finally realized.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a design structure of a cone and a pyramid of the miniaturized atomic gravity gradiometer, wherein (a) in fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cone structure, and (b) in fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pyramid structure, both the cone and the pyramid divide conical reflectors into 8 parts, two pairs of reflectors are formed at intervals, the rest parts are hollow, an included angle between the cone and the vertical direction is 45 degrees, and through holes in the middle part of the cone or the pyramid are used for transmitting confinement light and raman light in the vertical direction.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the measurement principle of the vertical gravity gradiometer provided by the utility model. The gravity gradient measurement refers to measuring the change rate of the gravity acceleration along with time, and the most direct realization method is to measure the gravity acceleration of two points in space and the distance difference between the two points, and the gravity gradient gamma in the vertical directionzzCan be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003453299240000061
where l is the baseline of the gradiometer, g1Measuring the acceleration of gravity value, g, for the upper atom interferometer2Is the gravitational acceleration value measured by the lower atom interferometer.
The utility model can also realize simultaneous trapping of N groups of atoms in the vertical direction by the same device, namely, the cone is divided into 4N parts according to the angle of 90 DEG/N, and the cone rotates by the angle of 90 DEG/N when being installed in the vertical direction. Therefore, the utility model also belongs to the case of realizing simultaneous trapping of N groups of atoms in the vertical direction by the configuration and realizing simultaneous measurement of gravitational acceleration of N position points by the configuration.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the utility model, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides an atom gravity gradiometer based on dislocation cone mirror which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a reflector, an 1/4 wave plate, a first cone, a second cone, a first magnetic field device and a second magnetic field device;
the first cone is arranged right above the second cone, and the 1/4 wave plate and the reflector are sequentially arranged right above the first cone;
the first cone and the second cone are of the same type, the cone top parts are opened with holes, the rest parts of the cones are equally divided into eight equal parts, wherein four equal parts are removed, and the rest four equal parts are evenly distributed in space; the first cone and the second cone are coaxially arranged up and down in the vertical direction, and are staggered by 45 degrees in the horizontal direction, so that the hollow part of the first cone is opposite to the solid part of the second cone; the opening directions of the first cone and the second cone are downward;
the first magnetic field device is used for generating a first preset magnetic field gradient for the interior of the first cone;
the second magnetic field device is used for generating a second preset magnetic field gradient for the interior of the second cone;
respectively enabling the upwardly propagated circular polarization imprisoned beams to be incident to the first conical surface and the second conical surface at an angle of 45 degrees, and to be incident to the 1/4 wave plate after passing through the opening;
the trapped beams incident to the four conical surfaces of the first cone are reflected to form a first group of four trapped beams which are oppositely emitted in the horizontal direction, and the trapped beams incident to the four conical surfaces of the second cone are reflected to form a second group of four trapped beams which are oppositely emitted in the horizontal direction; the imprisoned beam incident to the 1/4 wave plate forms a circular polarization imprisoned beam which propagates downwards after being reflected by the reflecting mirror;
the upward-propagating circular polarization confining beams, the downward-propagating circular polarization confining beams and the first group of four confining beams are combined with the first preset magnetic field gradient to generate a first magneto-optical trap inside a first cone, and the upward-propagating circular polarization confining beams, the downward-propagating circular polarization confining beams and the second group of four confining beams are combined with the second preset magnetic field gradient to generate a second magneto-optical trap inside a second cone;
the first magneto-optical trap and the second magneto-optical trap are used for cooling and trapping the upper atom group and the lower atom group respectively, then the action of trapping light beams and a magnetic field is removed simultaneously, the two atom groups can freely fall simultaneously, Raman light pulses with the same action in the free falling process of the two atom groups are used for measuring the gravity acceleration of the upper cone and the lower cone simultaneously, and the gravity gradient in the vertical direction is determined by combining the distance between the upper interferometer gravity measurement point and the lower interferometer gravity measurement point and the two gravity acceleration values.
2. The atomic gravity gradiometer of claim 1, wherein the vertical direction gravity gradient ΓzzExpressed as:
Figure FDA0003453299230000021
where l is the distance between the two interferometer gravity measurement points, i.e. the base line of the gradiometer, g1Acceleration of gravity value, g, measured for the first cone2Is the gravitational acceleration value measured at the second cone.
3. The atomic gravity gradiometer of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first magnetic field means comprises: a first set of Helmholtz coils;
the first set of Helmholtz coils is disposed about the first cone to produce a first predetermined magnetic field gradient within the first cone.
4. The atomic gravity gradiometer of claim 1 or 2, wherein the second magnetic field means comprises: a second set of Helmholtz coils;
the second set of Helmholtz coils is disposed around the second cone to produce a second predetermined magnetic field gradient inside the second cone.
5. The atomic gravity gradiometer of claim 3, wherein the first set of Helmholtz coils comprises: a first Helmholtz coil and a second Helmholtz coil;
the first and second helmholtz coils are disposed above and below the first cone, respectively, to produce a first predetermined magnetic field gradient within the first cone.
6. The atomic gravity gradiometer of claim 4, wherein the second set of Helmholtz coils comprises: a third Helmholtz coil and a fourth Helmholtz coil;
the third and fourth helmholtz coils are disposed above and below the second cone, respectively, to produce a second predetermined magnetic field gradient within the second cone.
7. An atomic gravity gradiometer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cone is replaced by a pyramid.
8. The atomic gravity gradiometer of claim 1 or 2, wherein the trapping cones of radicals in the vertical direction are expandable to N, N being greater than 2;
when N is 3, the gradient of the gradient in the vertical direction can be measured;
each cone is divided into 4N parts according to the angle of 90 DEG/N, and the cones are installed in the vertical direction and relatively rotate by the angle of 90 DEG/N in the horizontal direction, so that N groups of atoms in the vertical direction are imprisoned at the same time, and the gravity acceleration of N position points in the vertical direction is measured at the same time.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114236629A (en) * 2021-12-31 2022-03-25 华中科技大学 Atomic gravity gradiometer based on dislocation cone mirror
CN114236629B (en) * 2021-12-31 2024-05-28 华中科技大学 Atomic gravity gradiometer based on dislocation conical mirror

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114236629A (en) * 2021-12-31 2022-03-25 华中科技大学 Atomic gravity gradiometer based on dislocation cone mirror
CN114236629B (en) * 2021-12-31 2024-05-28 华中科技大学 Atomic gravity gradiometer based on dislocation conical mirror

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