CN216670418U - Femtosecond poincare sphere vector beam polarization state regulation and control system - Google Patents
Femtosecond poincare sphere vector beam polarization state regulation and control system Download PDFInfo
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- CN216670418U CN216670418U CN202122110473.5U CN202122110473U CN216670418U CN 216670418 U CN216670418 U CN 216670418U CN 202122110473 U CN202122110473 U CN 202122110473U CN 216670418 U CN216670418 U CN 216670418U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a system for regulating and controlling the polarization state of femtosecond poincare sphere vector beams, which comprises: the device comprises an excitation light source unit, a pulse beam splitting unit, a horizontal polarization and light intensity regulation and control unit, a vertical polarization and light intensity regulation and control unit, an orthogonal polarization beam combining unit and a liquid crystal q-wave plate; the femtosecond laser beam is split, one path of the femtosecond laser beam enters a horizontal direction polarization and light intensity regulation unit, and a linearly polarized femtosecond laser beam with adjustable horizontal direction light intensity is generated; the other path enters a vertical direction polarization and light intensity regulation and control unit to generate linearly polarized femtosecond laser beams with adjustable vertical direction light intensity; modulating the beam into two beams of femtosecond laser beams with orthogonal polarization by an orthogonal polarization beam combination unit; and then generates a Poincare vector light beam through a liquid crystal q-wave plate. The utility model can regulate and control any polarization state on the Poincare sphere only by regulating the time delay between the horizontal and vertical polarization pulses and the light intensity of the polarized light in the horizontal and vertical directions.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of light beam regulation, in particular to a system for regulating and controlling the polarization state of femtosecond poincare sphere vector light beams.
Background
Since the generation of lasers in the sixties of the last century, the pulse width and energy of lasers are continuously developed and data are refreshed, and the femtosecond laser technology is continuously developed and matured, so that the lasers are directly applied to basic research and industrial application in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology and the like. The femtosecond laser mainly has the advantages of ultra-short space-time resolution, ultra-wide spectral bandwidth and ultra-high peak power. One important application area is laser superfinishing. Scientific research knows that the laser is applied to the surface of a solid material, the electron-phonon coupling response time of the laser is in the picosecond order, so that for pulse laser which is longer than or close to the time length, the material processing is influenced by heat conduction, the physical and chemical properties of the material in a processing area are changed due to the heat effect, and the processing quality of the material is obviously reduced. The femtosecond laser duration is less than the electron-phonon coupling time, namely, the laser action material process is earlier than the thermal diffusion occurrence time, which obviously inhibits the thermal effect, thereby achieving the cold working effect on various materials including metals, semiconductors, transparent dielectrics and other materials. In addition, due to the multi-photon absorption process of the interaction between the femtosecond laser and the substance, the processing precision can be smaller than the laser focusing size, and the effect of breaking through the diffraction limit is achieved. It is believed that as the femtosecond laser technology is mature and the theory related to the femtosecond laser is studied more deeply, the femtosecond laser is applied more widely and deeply to various fields of human society.
There are two important regulatory parameters for light waves: amplitude and phase, in addition to polarization, are also an important property of light. Polarization is a basic attribute of light as an electromagnetic wave except for characteristics such as light intensity, phase and spectrum, and represents the vectority of light wave vibration. To better describe the polarization state of light, Poincare proposed in 1892 to describe the geometrical description of all possible polarization states using Poincare sphere, whose cartesian coordinates are three Stokes parameters, on the surface of which all polarization states represented by jones vectors are mapped, and to connect this physical concept and geometrical figure with each other, which greatly simplifies many complex polarization state problems and becomes the main method for studying the polarization problems of vector beams. Although poincare sphere method is very clever, until 2011 the polarization states represented on poincare sphere were limited to the simplest and most basic homogenous plane wave solutions of Maxwell vector wave equation. The concept of a high order poincare sphere on which non-uniform polarization states can be represented, such as a laser cavity resonator, was proposed in 2011 by giovanni milione. There is also the so-called vector vortex rotation, which is also a helically polarized light, whose polarization state can also be represented by a high order poincare sphere. The high-order poincare sphere is provided, and the polarization characteristic of the traditional plane wave is greatly expanded. Light beams with uniform polarization in space, such as linearly polarized light, circularly polarized light and elliptically polarized light, are hot spots of traditional research in the past, and vector light beams with non-uniform polarization states in space have attracted great research interest of technologists in theory and practical application due to special properties and potential application values of the vector light beams. With the recent intensive research on vector light beams, such vector polarization properties of light and the interaction between the vector polarization light field and substances have become important research contents in many research fields such as optical detection and measurement, display technology, data storage, optical communication, material science, astronomy, quantum entanglement, optical tweezers, microscopy, laser processing, and biophotonics.
In the prior art, a polarization state regulation system of the femtosecond poincare light beams needs a large number of wave plates for polarization state regulation, the regulation steps are complex, and the regulation freedom degree is low.
Accordingly, the prior art is yet to be improved and developed.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above disadvantages of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a polarization state adjustment and control system for femtosecond poincare sphere vector beams, and aims to solve the problems of complicated steps and low degree of freedom in adjusting and controlling the polarization state of the femtosecond poincare sphere vector beams in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:
a first embodiment of the present invention provides a system for adjusting and controlling a polarization state of a femtosecond poincare sphere vector beam, the system including:
an excitation light source unit for generating a femtosecond laser beam;
the pulse beam splitting unit is used for splitting the femtosecond laser beams to generate two paths of femtosecond laser beams which are respectively marked as a first path of laser beam and a second path of laser beam, the first path of laser beam enters the horizontal direction polarization regulation unit, and the second path of laser beam enters the vertical direction polarization regulation unit;
the horizontal polarization and light intensity regulation and control unit is used for generating a femtosecond laser beam with adjustable horizontal linear polarization and light intensity after time delay according to the first path of laser beam, and marking the femtosecond laser beam as a first femtosecond laser beam;
the vertical direction polarization and light intensity regulation and control unit is used for generating a femtosecond laser beam with the vertical direction linear polarization and the adjustable light intensity according to the second laser beam and marking as a second femtosecond laser beam;
an orthogonal polarization beam combining unit for modulating the polarization states of the first femtosecond laser beam and the second femtosecond laser beam into two beams of orthogonally polarized femtosecond laser beams and combining the two orthogonally polarized femtosecond laser beams;
and the liquid crystal q-wave plate is used for generating a Poincare sphere vector light beam according to the combined beam laser beam of the two beams of the femtosecond laser beams with orthogonal polarization.
Further, the horizontal polarization and light intensity regulation and control unit comprises:
the optical delay unit is used for delaying the time of the first path of laser beam;
and the first polarization regulating and controlling unit is used for carrying out linear polarization regulation and control on the first laser beam and generating a first femtosecond laser beam linearly polarized in the horizontal direction.
Further, the optical delay unit includes:
the first light beam reflection unit is used for reflecting the first path of laser beam;
and the moving platform is used for adjusting the optical path of the reflected first laser beam and generating a first laser beam with time delay with the second laser beam.
Further, the first polarization control unit includes:
the first horizontal direction linear polarizer is used for performing horizontal direction linear polarization regulation and control on the first laser beam;
the first half-wave plate is used for rotating linearly polarized light to enter the horizontal linear polarizer and generating a first femtosecond laser beam with horizontal linear polarization and adjustable light intensity.
Further, the orthogonal polarization beam combining unit includes:
and the pulse beam combination unit is used for combining the first femtosecond laser beam and the second femtosecond laser beam.
Further, the vertical direction and light intensity polarization regulation and control unit comprises:
the second beam reflecting unit is used for reflecting the second path of laser beam;
and the second polarization regulating and controlling subunit is used for regulating and controlling the linear polarization and the light intensity of the reflected second path of laser beam to generate a second femtosecond laser beam linearly polarized in the vertical direction.
Further, the second polarization regulating subunit includes:
the second vertical direction linear polarizer is used for performing vertical direction linear polarization regulation and control on the second laser beam;
and the second half-wave plate is used for rotating the linearly polarized light to enter the vertical direction linear polarizer to generate a second femtosecond laser beam with the linear polarization in the vertical direction and adjustable light intensity.
Further, the excitation light source unit is a femtosecond laser.
Further, the first beam reflection unit includes at least one mirror, and the second beam reflection unit includes at least one mirror.
Further, the states of the two orthogonally polarized femtosecond laser beams are orthogonal linear polarizations.
Has the advantages that: the embodiment of the utility model solves the problem of the complex operation of regulating and controlling the vector light beam by a large number of wave plates in the past, and can regulate and control any polarization state on the Poincare sphere only by regulating the time delay between horizontal and vertical polarization pulses and the light intensity of the horizontal and vertical polarization light.
Drawings
The utility model will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a femtosecond Poincare vector beam model according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of a polarization state control system for femtosecond Poincare vector beams according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the light intensity distribution and polarization state distribution of two orthogonal linearly polarized pulses with the spatial optical path difference of 0 λ, 0.125 λ, 0.25 λ, 0.375 λ, 0.5 λ, 0.625 λ, 0.75 λ, and 0.875 λ and 8 results corresponding to one revolution around the poincare sphere meridian according to a preferred embodiment of the polarization state control system of the femtosecond poincare provided;
fig. 4 shows that when the polarization state of the combined pulse of two orthogonal linearly polarized pulses passing through the q-wave plate is linearly polarized (α is 0), the light intensity ratio of the Ex component to the Ey component is 1 when the spatial optical path difference of the two orthogonal linearly polarized pulses is 0 λ: 0. 1: 1. 1: 4. 1: 8, the obtained azimuth angles beta are respectively 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees and 80 degrees, and when the spatial optical path difference of the two orthogonal linear polarization pulses is 0.5 lambda, the light intensity ratio of the Ex component to the Ey component is 0: 1. 1: 8. 1: 4. 1: 1, the obtained vector polarized pulses corresponding to the azimuth angles β of 90 °, 110 °, 120 °, and 135 ° respectively are 8 results around the equator on the poincare sphere. And the vector polarization state of any point on the Poincare sphere can be generated by adjusting the light intensity ratio of the Ex component to the Ey component and the space optical path difference of the two pulses.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is described in further detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model.
The principle involved in the utility model is as follows:
the poincare sphere model is shown in fig. 1:
as shown in FIG. 1, the two linearly polarized components of the elliptically polarized light propagating in the OZ direction are Ex and Ey, and the phase difference between the two linearly polarized components
Let tan θ ═ e (y)/e (x), the azimuth angle β of the ellipse satisfies:
the ellipticity angle α satisfies:
where the azimuth angle 2 β is the angle between the major axis of the ellipse and the positive direction of the X-axis, which determines the orientation of the ellipse in the plane (0< β < π). The ellipticity angle α is defined as tan α ═ b/a, where a is the semi-major axis of the ellipse, b is the semi-minor axis of the ellipse, and the positive and negative of α correspond to right-hand and left-hand polarization, respectively.
The jones vector of a combined pulse light composed of two orthogonal pulses with linear polarization states can be expressed as:
in the formula, E (x), E (y) are respectively:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing the phase difference between two pulses due to relative delay distance, t representing time, ω representing frequency, fx,fyRepresents Ex,EyThe amplitude of (d).
In the formula fx,fyRespectively as follows:
where Δ t is the delay time, τ0Is the pulse width.
From the above equation 5, it is found that the amplitude of E (x) and E (y) changes with time.
Substituting formula 3 and formula 4 into formula 1 to obtain the azimuth angle β:
substituting formula 3 and formula 4 into formula 2 to obtain the ellipticity angle α:
the polarization state jones vector of each point on the poincare sphere can be finally obtained as follows:
the jones matrix for a liquid crystal q-wave plate can be expressed as:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
which represents the phase difference between the two pulses due to the relative delay distance, t represents time,
representing the azimuth angle, q is a half integer.
After the combined pulse passes through the liquid crystal q-wave plate, the Jones vector of the emergent light is as follows:
EVVB＝Jq·Ei(formula 10)
Simplifying to obtain:
based on formula 3, the polarization state of the synthetic pulse is regulated and controlled by controlling the optical path difference and the light intensity between the x-direction linear polarization pulse and the y-direction linear polarization pulse. Based on equation 11, after the orthogonal polarization pulse with a certain relative distance acts on the liquid crystal q-wave plate, a poincare pulse with any vector polarization can be generated.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a polarization state adjustment and control system for femtosecond vector poincare vector beams, please refer to fig. 2, and fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the polarization state adjustment and control system for femtosecond vector poincare vector beams according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the system includes:
an excitation light source unit 10 for generating a femtosecond laser beam;
the pulse beam splitting unit 20 is used for splitting the femtosecond laser beams to generate two paths of femtosecond laser beams which are respectively marked as a first path of laser beam and a second path of laser beam, wherein the first path of laser beam enters the horizontal polarization and light intensity regulation and control unit, and the second path of laser beam enters the vertical polarization and light intensity regulation and control unit;
a horizontal polarization and light intensity control unit 30, configured to generate a femtosecond laser beam with adjustable light intensity and linearly polarized in the horizontal direction after performing time delay and light intensity change according to the first laser beam, and record the femtosecond laser beam as a first femtosecond laser beam;
a vertical direction polarization and light intensity regulation unit 40, which is used for generating a linearly polarized femtosecond laser beam with adjustable vertical direction light intensity according to the second laser beam and marking as a second femtosecond laser beam;
an orthogonal polarization beam combining unit 50 for modulating the polarization states of the first femtosecond laser beam and the second femtosecond laser beam into two orthogonally polarized femtosecond laser beams;
a liquid crystal q-wave plate 60 for generating a vector poincare vector beam from two orthogonally polarized femtosecond laser beams.
During specific implementation, the excitation light source unit is connected with the pulse beam splitting unit, the pulse beam splitting unit is further connected with the horizontal direction polarization and light intensity regulation and control unit and the horizontal direction polarization and light intensity regulation and control unit, the horizontal direction polarization and light intensity regulation and control unit and the horizontal direction polarization and light intensity regulation and control unit are further connected with the orthogonal polarization beam combining unit, the orthogonal polarization beam combining unit is further connected with the liquid crystal q-wave plate, and the excitation light source unit is a femtosecond laser. Furthermore, the femtosecond laser is a femtosecond pulse laser, and the femtosecond pulse laser emits femtosecond pulses.
The system comprises a femtosecond laser unit, a pulse beam splitting unit, an optical delay line and a beam reflecting unit. The femtosecond laser unit is used for generating a femtosecond laser, the pulse beam splitting unit is used for splitting the femtosecond laser beam into two femtosecond laser beams, the horizontal direction polarization and light intensity regulation and control unit is used for regulating and controlling the optical path, namely delay time, of one of the two femtosecond laser beams, and the vertical direction polarization and light intensity regulation and control unit is used for regulating and controlling the polarization direction of the other femtosecond laser beam so as to enable the polarization direction to be matched with the other femtosecond laser beam.
And carrying out polarization regulation according to the relative positions of the two orthogonal polarization pulses and the regulation and control of the respective light intensities, and generating a time-varying vector Poincare vector beam under the action of the polarization regulation and control and a liquid crystal q-plate.
The femtosecond pulse emitted by the femtosecond pulse laser firstly passes through the beam splitting unit to split a pulse laser beam into two beams, namely two paths of femtosecond pulses are generated, wherein one path of the femtosecond pulse passes through the horizontal polarization and light intensity regulation unit to generate the femtosecond pulse linearly polarized in the horizontal direction, and the other path of the femtosecond pulse passes through the vertical polarization and light intensity regulation unit to generate the femtosecond pulse linearly polarized in the vertical direction. Two paths of orthogonal linearly polarized femtosecond pulses are then passed through an orthogonal polarization beam combination unit to generate orthogonal polarized pulse pairs. After the orthogonal polarization pulse pair passes through the liquid crystal q-wave plate, a vector Poincare pulse with controllable vector polarization can be generated. The polarization state of the orthogonally polarized pulse pair is one of orthogonal linear polarization, orthogonal circular polarization, or orthogonal elliptical polarization. The utility model controls the polarization state of the combined pulse by controlling the relative axial distance between two femtosecond pulses with orthogonal polarization states and the respective light intensity, and generates a vector Poincare vector beam with any vector polarization after the combined pulse acts with a liquid crystal q-wave plate. The method has great significance in the frontier fields of femtosecond processing, optical communication, optical tweezers operation and control, surface enhanced Raman scattering research, molecular test, attosecond laser and the like. Relative axial distance: the relative spatial distance between the two pulses and the optical axes of the two pulses must be coaxial.
Two femtosecond pulses with orthogonal polarization states are generated through two parts of polarization modulation units, an orthogonal polarization pulse pair is generated through pulse beam combination, after the orthogonal polarization pulse pair is acted with a liquid crystal q-plate, a vector Poincare pulse is generated, the distance between the two pulses and the intensity of each light are changed through adjusting an optical delay line, the vector Poincare pulse with adjustable polarization is generated, and a structured light field of the vector Poincare pulse can be observed through a CCD.
By regulating the relative spatial positions of the two orthogonal polarized pulses, the two pulses are caused to have overlapping and non-overlapping parts in the time domain, so that the polarization and intensity information of the composite pulse in the time domain are jointly determined by the polarization and intensity of the two orthogonal polarized pulses, and the polarization and intensity of the composite pulse are time-varying. The relative spatial positions of the two pulses cause the two pulses to have a phase difference that determines the time-averaged polarization and intensity information of the resulting pulse.
In some other embodiments, the same method is used to react with the metal surface to induce different micro-nano structures under different time delays.
In some further embodiments, the same method is used to interact with the super-surface to produce a structured light field that varies with time.
In one embodiment, the horizontal direction polarization modulation unit 30 includes:
the optical delay unit is used for delaying the time of the first path of laser beam to generate a first laser beam;
and a first polarization control unit 33 for performing linear polarization control on the first laser beam to generate a horizontally linearly polarized first femtosecond laser beam.
In specific implementation, the optical delay unit performs time delay on the first path of laser beam to generate a first laser beam. Relative axial distance: the relative spatial distance between the two pulses and the optical axes of the two pulses must be coaxial. The first polarization regulating unit regulates the linear polarization of the first laser beam to generate a first femtosecond laser beam linearly polarized in the horizontal direction.
Wherein the optical delay unit includes:
a first beam reflection unit 31, configured to reflect the first path of laser beam;
and the moving platform 32 is used for adjusting the optical path of the reflected first laser beam and generating a first laser beam with time delay with the second laser beam.
During specific implementation, the optical delay unit comprises a mobile platform and a first light beam reflection unit, and control software is further arranged in the optical delay unit and controls the mobile platform to move through the control software. The first beam reflecting unit is composed of at least one reflecting mirror. The mobile platform is respectively connected with the first light beam reflection unit and the first polarization regulation and control unit.
By using the utility model, the polarization state distribution of any vector vortex pulse can be regulated and controlled by only regulating the optical delay unit, changing the relative positions of the two pulses and regulating the included angle between the half-wave plate and the analyzer to change the light intensity of the two beams of pulses. The utility model discloses this utility model can solve in the past and regulate and control the numerous and diverse operation of vector poincare lai vector light beam through a large amount of wave plates, only need adjust the optical delay line and half wave plate and the contained angle between the analyzer just can accomplish the regulation and control of polarization state.
In one embodiment, the first polarization manipulating unit 33 includes:
a first linear polarizer 331 for performing linear polarization control on the first laser beam;
and a first half-wave plate 332 for rotating the first laser beam after the linear polarization adjustment and control to generate a first femtosecond laser beam linearly polarized in the horizontal direction.
When the laser processing method is specifically implemented, the first laser beam is input into the first linear polarizer for linear polarization regulation, and the first laser beam after linear polarization regulation is input into the first half-wave plate for rotation to generate a first femtosecond laser beam linearly polarized in the horizontal direction.
In one embodiment, the orthogonal polarization beam combining unit 50 includes:
and a pulse beam combining unit 51 for combining the first femtosecond laser beam and the second femtosecond laser beam.
In specific implementation, the pulse beam combination unit combines two orthogonal linear polarization light beams to form an orthogonal linear polarization pulse pair.
In one embodiment, the vertical direction polarization modulation unit 40 includes:
a second beam reflection unit 41 for reflecting the second path of laser beam;
and the second polarization regulating and controlling subunit 42 is configured to perform linear polarization regulation and control on the reflected second laser beam, so as to generate a second femtosecond laser beam linearly polarized in the vertical direction.
In a specific implementation, the second beam reflecting unit is composed of at least one reflecting mirror. The second beam reflection unit is used for increasing the optical path. The second polarization regulation and control subunit can perform linear polarization regulation and control on the second path of laser beam after the optical path is increased, and generate a second femtosecond laser beam linearly polarized in the vertical direction.
In one embodiment, the second polarization control subunit 42 includes:
a second linear polarizer 421 for performing linear polarization control on the second laser beam;
and the second half-wave plate 422 is used for rotating the second laser beam after linear polarization regulation and control to generate a second femtosecond laser beam linearly polarized in the vertical direction.
In specific implementation, the second linear polarizer is respectively connected with the second light beam unit and the second half-wave plate, and the second linear polarizer performs linear polarization regulation and control on the second laser beam; and inputting the second laser beam subjected to linear polarization regulation into a second half-wave plate for rotation to generate a second femtosecond laser beam linearly polarized in the vertical direction.
Further, fig. 3 shows the light intensity distribution and polarization state distribution of the two orthogonal linearly polarized pulses with relative distances of 0 λ, 0.125 λ, 0.25 λ, 0.375 λ, 0.5 λ, 0.625 λ, 0.75 λ and 0.875 λ, respectively, within a wavelength range, and the light intensity distribution obtained by linear polarization analysis. Fig. 4 shows that when the polarization state of the combined pulse of two orthogonal linearly polarized pulses passing through the q-wave plate is linearly polarized (α is 0), the light intensity ratio of the Ex component to the Ey component is 1 when the spatial optical path difference of the two orthogonal linearly polarized pulses is 0 λ: 0. 1: 1. 1: 4. 1: 8, the obtained azimuth angles beta are respectively 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees and 80 degrees, and when the spatial optical path difference of the two orthogonal linear polarization pulses is 0.5 lambda, the light intensity ratio of the Ex component to the Ey component is 0: 1. 1: 8. 1: 4. 1: 1, the obtained vector polarized pulses corresponding to the azimuth angles β of 90 °, 110 °, 120 °, and 135 ° respectively are 8 results around the equator on the poincare sphere. And by adjusting the light intensity ratio of Ex to Ey components, the vector polarization state of any point on the Poincare sphere can be generated by the spatial optical path difference of the two pulses.
It can be clearly seen that, under different relative distances between two incident pulses and the difference between the respective light intensities, the light intensity distribution and the polarization distribution of the combined pulse after passing through the q-wave plate are different.
What has been described herein in the specification and drawings includes examples capable of illustrating the present solution. It will, of course, not be possible to describe every conceivable combination of components and/or methodologies for purposes of describing the various features of the disclosure, but it can be appreciated that many further combinations and permutations of the disclosed features are possible. It is therefore evident that various modifications can be made to the disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit thereof. In addition, or in the alternative, other embodiments of the disclosure may be apparent from consideration of the specification and drawings and from practice of the disclosure as presented herein. It is intended that the examples set forth in this specification and the drawings be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (10)
1. A system for polarization state manipulation of a femtosecond poincare sphere vector beam, the system comprising:
an excitation light source unit for generating a femtosecond laser beam;
the pulse beam splitting unit is used for splitting the femtosecond laser beams to generate two paths of femtosecond laser beams which are respectively marked as a first path of laser beam and a second path of laser beam, the first path of laser beam enters the horizontal polarization and light intensity regulation and control unit, and the second path of laser beam enters the vertical polarization and light intensity regulation and control unit;
the horizontal direction polarization and light intensity regulation and control unit is used for generating a horizontal direction linearly polarized femtosecond laser beam with adjustable light intensity after time delay, a half-wave plate and a horizontal direction analyzer are carried out according to the first path of laser beam, and the femtosecond laser beam is marked as a first femtosecond laser beam;
the vertical direction polarization and light intensity regulation and control unit is used for generating a femtosecond laser beam with adjustable light intensity and linear polarization in the vertical direction according to the second laser beam and marking as a second femtosecond laser beam;
an orthogonal polarization beam combination unit for combining two orthogonally polarized femtosecond laser beams, namely a first femtosecond laser beam and a second femtosecond laser beam;
and the liquid crystal q-wave plate is used for converting the combined laser of two beams of orthogonally polarized femtosecond laser beams into a femtosecond poincare vector beam.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the horizontal polarization and light intensity regulation unit comprises:
the optical delay unit is used for delaying the time of the first path of laser beam;
the first polarization regulating and controlling unit is used for regulating and controlling the linear polarization and the light intensity of the first laser beam to generate a first femtosecond laser beam linearly polarized in the horizontal direction.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the optical delay unit comprises:
the first light beam reflection unit is used for reflecting the first path of laser beam;
and the moving platform is used for adjusting the optical path of the reflected first laser beam and generating a first laser beam with time delay with the second laser beam.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the first polarization manipulation unit comprises:
the first horizontal direction linear polarizer is used for performing horizontal direction linear polarization regulation and control on the first laser beam;
the first half wave plate is used for rotating linearly polarized light to enter the horizontal linear polarizer and generating a first femtosecond laser beam with horizontal linear polarization and adjustable light intensity.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the orthogonal polarization beam combining unit comprises:
and the pulse beam combination unit is used for combining the first femtosecond laser beam and the second femtosecond laser beam.
6. The system of claim 3, wherein the vertical polarization and light intensity control unit comprises:
the second beam reflecting unit is used for reflecting the second path of laser beam;
and the second polarization regulation subunit is used for regulating and controlling the linear polarization and the light intensity of the reflected second path of laser beam to generate a second femtosecond laser beam linearly polarized in the vertical direction.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the second polarization manipulation subunit comprises:
the second vertical direction linear polarizer is used for performing vertical direction linear polarization regulation and control on the second laser beam;
and the second half-wave plate is used for rotating the linearly polarized light to enter the vertical direction linear polarizer to generate a second femtosecond laser beam with the linear polarization in the vertical direction and adjustable light intensity.
8. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the excitation light source unit is a femtosecond laser.
9. The system of claim 6, wherein the first beam reflecting unit comprises at least one mirror and the second beam reflecting unit comprises at least one mirror.
10. The system of claim 5, wherein the two orthogonally polarized femtosecond laser beams are in an orthogonal linear polarization state.
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