CN216498465U - Membrane separation system for carbon dioxide purification and enrichment - Google Patents
Membrane separation system for carbon dioxide purification and enrichment Download PDFInfo
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- CN216498465U CN216498465U CN202123301924.XU CN202123301924U CN216498465U CN 216498465 U CN216498465 U CN 216498465U CN 202123301924 U CN202123301924 U CN 202123301924U CN 216498465 U CN216498465 U CN 216498465U
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Abstract
A membrane separation system for purifying and enriching carbon dioxide. The membrane separation system for purifying and enriching the carbon dioxide is capable of improving the collection efficiency of the carbon dioxide and the methane gas in the waste gas, simplifying the purification process and reducing the energy consumption. Comprises a coarse filtration device, a burner, a first pressure swing adsorption device, a first membrane separator and a first ultra-low temperature purification device which are connected in sequence; the raw material gas passes through the rough filtering device to remove solid particles, oil drops and water vapor; the combustor is connected with an oxygen storage tank, oxygen is input into the combustor through an oxygen pump, and incompletely combusted gas is subjected to oxygen-enriched combustion in the combustor; the first pressure swing adsorption device is communicated with a nitrogen source, and nitrogen is input into the first pressure swing adsorption device through a first nitrogen pump and is used as replacement gas; the utility model has the characteristics of improving the collection efficiency of carbon dioxide and methane gas in waste gas, simplifying the purification process, reducing energy consumption and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a gas separation technology, in particular to a membrane separation system for purifying and enriching carbon dioxide.
Background
With the acceleration of the world industrialization pace, human beings use carbonaceous compound fuels such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and the like on a large scale, and carbon dioxide generated after the fuels are combusted is discharged into the atmosphere, so that the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increased year by year. As a main greenhouse gas, the unlimited emission of carbon dioxide has a profound influence on the global climate environment and the like. On the other hand, carbon dioxide is also an important chemical raw material, and can be used for manufacturing urea, dry ice, fire extinguishing agents, food additives and the like. If the discharged carbon dioxide can be removed and recovered, the carbon emission can be reduced, and the environmental pollution caused by industrial waste gas can be treated.
At present, methods for separating CO2 mainly include chemical absorption, physical absorption, pressure swing adsorption, low-temperature condensation and membrane separation. The membrane separation method is a CO2 separation technology which is rapidly developed at present, is a novel physical separation method without phase change, and has the advantages of simple equipment, small occupied area, convenient operation, high separation efficiency, low energy consumption, environmental friendliness, convenience in integration with other methods and the like, so that the research and development of the technology become a competitive hot spot in the high and new technical field of countries in the world. For example, the method is applied to the aspects of improving the recovery ratio of crude oil, purifying natural gas, removing CO2 in closed environments such as submarines and space stations, manufacturing medical membrane-mounted artificial lungs and the like.
The membrane separation method utilizes the difference of permeation rates of various gases in different membrane materials to realize separation, wherein the gas with relatively high permeation rate (such as H2 and CO 2) is enriched on the permeation side of the membrane after permeating the membrane, and the gas with relatively low permeation rate (such as CH4 and NH 3) is enriched on the retention side of the membrane, so that the mixed gas is separated. The permeability of gases through membranes is related to the nature of the gas molecules, the nature of the membrane, and the interaction of the permeating gas with the membrane, which is a major reason for the high efficiency of membrane separation processes. Membrane separation processes include both types of separation membranes and absorption membranes, which are often required to be performed in conjunction with membrane separation techniques.
The existing membrane separation method purification device has a complex structure, can only purify CO2, and has single purpose and high energy consumption.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Aiming at the problems, the utility model provides a membrane separation system for purifying and enriching carbon dioxide, which can improve the collection efficiency of carbon dioxide and methane gas in waste gas, simplify the purification process and reduce the energy consumption.
The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows: the membrane separation system for purifying and enriching carbon dioxide comprises a coarse filtration device, a combustor, a first pressure swing adsorption device, a first membrane separator and a first ultralow temperature purification device which are sequentially connected;
the raw material gas passes through the rough filtering device to remove solid particles, oil drops and water vapor;
the combustor is connected with the oxygen storage tank, oxygen is input into the combustor through the oxygen pump, and incompletely combusted gas is subjected to oxygen-enriched combustion in the combustor;
the first pressure swing adsorption device is communicated with a nitrogen source, and nitrogen is input into the first pressure swing adsorption device through a first nitrogen pump and is used as replacement gas;
CO preliminarily purified by the first pressure swing adsorption device2Permeating and filtering with a first membrane separator, condensing with a first pressure condenser, and delivering high-purity CO to a first ultralow temperature purification device2。
The first pressure swing adsorption device comprises a plurality of first adsorption towers which are connected in sequence; and an amine adsorbent layer is arranged in the first adsorption tower.
The number of the first adsorption towers is not less than three.
And a first nitrogen inlet communicated with the nitrogen pump is arranged on the first adsorption tower.
The coarse filtration device comprises a filter press, a sand filter or a bag filter.
The device also comprises a second pressure swing adsorption device, a second membrane separator and a second ultralow temperature purification device;
introducing gas containing methane into the second pressure swing adsorption device, wherein the second pressure swing adsorption device is communicated with a nitrogen source, inputting nitrogen into the second pressure swing adsorption device through a second nitrogen pump, and pressurizing the methane gas primarily purified by the second pressure swing adsorption device into a second membrane separator through a compressor;
the second membrane separator is connected with the second pressurizing and condensing device, methane with low permeation rate is enriched on the retention side of the membrane, and enters the second ultralow-temperature purifying device after being pressurized and condensed by the second pressurizing and condensing device, so that high-purity methane gas is output.
The second pressure swing adsorption device comprises a plurality of second adsorption towers which are connected in sequence;
and an active alumina layer and a carbon molecular sieve adsorbent layer are arranged in the second adsorption tower.
The second pressure swing adsorption unit comprises at least three adsorption towers.
The separation membrane in the second membrane separator comprises a hollow fiber membrane, a flat sheet membrane or a spiral membrane.
The interface polymerization layer of the separation membrane is composed of one or more of fluorine-containing polyphenyl ether, polyimide, hyperbranched macromolecular amino compounds and polyethylene polyamine composite copolymers.
The utility model comprises a coarse filtration device, a burner, a first pressure swing adsorption device, a first membrane separator and a first ultra-low temperature purification device which are connected in sequence; the raw material gas passes through the rough filtering device to remove solid particles, oil drops and water vapor; the combustor is connected with an oxygen storage tank, and incompletely combusted gases such as CH4, CO, O2 and the like are subjected to oxygen-enriched combustion in the combustor to generate CO 2; the first pressure swing adsorption device is communicated with a nitrogen source; the nitrogen is used as displacement gas to take away the components difficult to be adsorbed, and the nitrogen becomes miscellaneous gas to be discharged and collected, and simultaneously the components easy to be adsorbed are desorbed from the adsorbent and flow out of the first pressure swing adsorption device, and are pressurized by a compressor and enter the membrane separation device for further purification. The utility model has the characteristics of improving the collection efficiency of carbon dioxide and methane gas in waste gas, simplifying the purification process, reducing energy consumption and the like.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention,
figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the inside of the separation membrane in the first membrane separator,
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the inside of the separation membrane in the second membrane separator.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The present invention is illustrated in FIGS. 1-3; the membrane separation system for purifying and enriching carbon dioxide comprises a coarse filtration device, a combustor, a first pressure swing adsorption device, a first membrane separator and a first ultralow temperature purification device which are sequentially connected;
the raw material gas passes through the rough filtering device to remove large-diameter solid particles, oil drops and water vapor;
the burner is connected with the oxygen storage tank, oxygen is input into the burner through the oxygen pump, and incompletely combusted CH is discharged4、CO、O2Oxygen-enriched combustion of the gases in the burner to produce CO2；
The first pressure swing adsorption device is communicated with a nitrogen source, and nitrogen is input into the first pressure swing adsorption device through a first nitrogen pump and is used as replacement gas; taking nitrogen as replacement gas to bring away the components difficult to adsorb, discharging and collecting the mixed gas, desorbing the components easy to adsorb (CO 2 and CH 4) from the adsorbent, flowing out of the first pressure swing adsorption device, pressurizing by a compressor, and further purifying by a membrane separation device;
CO preliminarily purified by the first pressure swing adsorption device2Performing permeation filtration through a first membrane separator (further purification, removing most of impure gas except carbon dioxide in a pressure swing adsorption device, removing the rest of impure gas with a membrane separator), performing pressure condensation through a first pressure condenser connected with the first pressure condenser, and introducing into a first ultralow temperature condenserTemperature purification device (using different gas phase transition critical points to pressurize and cool gaseous CO2 to a set range to obtain liquefied CO2 or solid dry ice), and output high-purity CO2(ii) a And finally, the pressure of the output high-concentration gas is 0.8-2 Mpa.
The first pressure swing adsorption device comprises a plurality of first adsorption towers which are connected in sequence; an amine adsorbent layer is arranged in the first adsorption tower; the amine adsorbent layer comprises organic amines such as triethanolamine and the like which have good adsorption effect on carbon dioxide.
The number of the first adsorption towers is not less than three.
And a first nitrogen inlet communicated with the nitrogen pump is arranged on the first adsorption tower.
The coarse filtration device comprises a filter press, a sand filter or a bag filter.
The device also comprises a second pressure swing adsorption device, a second membrane separator and a second ultralow temperature purification device;
when the feed gas contains a large amount of recoverable methane, opening a valve II connected with the second pressure swing adsorption device, and closing a valve I connected with the combustor;
introducing gas containing methane into the second pressure swing adsorption device, wherein the second pressure swing adsorption device is communicated with a nitrogen source, inputting nitrogen into the second pressure swing adsorption device through a second nitrogen pump, and pressurizing the methane gas primarily purified by the second pressure swing adsorption device into a second membrane separator through a compressor;
the second membrane separator is connected with a second pressurizing and condensing device, methane with low permeation rate is enriched on the retention side of the membrane, and enters a second ultralow temperature purification device after being pressurized and condensed by the second pressurizing and condensing device, so that high-purity methane gas is output; and finally, the pressure of the output high-concentration gas is 0.8-2 Mpa.
The second pressure swing adsorption device comprises a plurality of second adsorption towers which are connected in sequence;
and an active alumina layer and a carbon molecular sieve adsorbent layer are arranged in the second adsorption tower. First through the activated alumina layer and then through the carbon molecular sieve adsorbent layer.
The second pressure swing adsorption unit comprises at least three adsorption towers.
The separation membrane in the first membrane separator and the separation membrane in the second membrane separator respectively comprise a hollow fiber membrane, a flat plate membrane or a spiral membrane.
The interface polymerization layer of the separation membrane is composed of one or more of fluorine-containing polyphenyl ether, polyimide, hyperbranched macromolecular amino compounds and polyethylene polyamine composite copolymers.
Respectively introducing alcohol amine absorption liquid into the separation membrane in the first membrane separator and the separation membrane in the second membrane separator, so that gas and liquid are positioned at two sides of the separation membrane, as shown in figures 2 and 3;
in the first membrane separator, the easily permeable gas component (CO 2) permeates through micropores on the membrane and is absorbed by the alcohol amine absorption liquid, and the gas component is quickly desorbed after being pressurized and condensed and is output after being purified at ultralow temperature.
In the second membrane separator, the gas component (CH 4) which is not easy to permeate is enriched and retained on the membrane side, and is output after being purified at ultralow temperature after being condensed under pressure.
A branch pipeline and a valve are arranged between the rough filtering device and the combustor, when the system is used for recovering methane, the valve I is closed, the valve II is opened, and the gas enters the second pressure swing adsorption device and the second membrane separator to purify high-concentration methane gas; when the system is used for recovering carbon dioxide, the second valve is closed, the first valve is opened, the oxygen storage tank pumps enough oxygen into the combustor, oxygen-enriched combustion occurs in the combustor, and CO gas is oxidized to generate CO2Then the gas enters a first pressure swing adsorption device and a first membrane separator to purify high-concentration CO2。
The disclosure of the present application also includes the following points:
(1) the drawings of the embodiments disclosed herein only relate to the structures related to the embodiments disclosed herein, and other structures can refer to general designs;
(2) in case of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments disclosed in this application can be combined with each other to arrive at new embodiments;
the above embodiments are only embodiments disclosed in the present disclosure, but the scope of the disclosure is not limited thereto, and the scope of the disclosure should be determined by the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The membrane separation system for purifying and enriching carbon dioxide is characterized by comprising a rough filtering device, a combustor, a first pressure swing adsorption device, a first membrane separator and a first ultralow temperature purification device which are sequentially connected;
the raw material gas passes through the rough filtering device to remove solid particles, oil drops and water vapor;
the combustor is connected with the oxygen storage tank, oxygen is input into the combustor through the oxygen pump, and incompletely combusted gas is subjected to oxygen-enriched combustion in the combustor;
the first pressure swing adsorption device is communicated with a nitrogen source, and nitrogen is input into the first pressure swing adsorption device through a first nitrogen pump and is used as replacement gas;
CO preliminarily purified by the first pressure swing adsorption device2Permeating and filtering with a first membrane separator, condensing with a first pressure condenser, and delivering high-purity CO to a first ultralow temperature purification device2。
2. The membrane separation system for purification and enrichment of carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first pressure swing adsorption device comprises a plurality of first adsorption towers connected in sequence; and an amine adsorbent layer is arranged in the first adsorption tower.
3. The membrane separation system for purification and enrichment of carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first adsorption tower is provided in a number of not less than three.
4. The membrane separation system for purification and enrichment of carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first adsorption tower is provided with a first nitrogen gas inlet communicated with a nitrogen gas pump.
5. The membrane separation system for purification and enrichment of carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coarse filtration device comprises a filter press, a sand filter or a bag filter.
6. The membrane separation system for carbon dioxide purification and enrichment according to claim 1, further comprising a second pressure swing adsorption device, a second membrane separator and a second ultra-low temperature purification device;
introducing gas containing methane into the second pressure swing adsorption device, wherein the second pressure swing adsorption device is communicated with a nitrogen source, inputting nitrogen into the second pressure swing adsorption device through a second nitrogen pump, and pressurizing the methane gas primarily purified by the second pressure swing adsorption device into a second membrane separator through a compressor;
the second membrane separator is connected with the second pressurizing and condensing device, methane with low permeation rate is enriched on the retention side of the membrane, and enters the second ultralow-temperature purifying device after being pressurized and condensed by the second pressurizing and condensing device, so that high-purity methane gas is output.
7. The membrane separation system for carbon dioxide purification and enrichment according to claim 6, wherein the second pressure swing adsorption device comprises a plurality of second adsorption towers which are connected in sequence;
and an active alumina layer and a carbon molecular sieve adsorbent layer are arranged in the second adsorption tower.
8. The membrane separation system for carbon dioxide purification enrichment of claim 7, wherein the second pressure swing adsorption unit comprises at least three adsorption columns.
9. The membrane separation system for purification and enrichment of carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 7, wherein the separation membrane in the second membrane separator comprises a hollow fiber membrane, a flat sheet membrane or a spiral membrane.
10. The membrane separation system for carbon dioxide purification and enrichment as claimed in claim 9, wherein the interfacial polymerization layer of the separation membrane is composed of one or more of fluorine-containing polyphenylene ether, polyimide, hyperbranched macromolecular amino compound and polyethylene polyamine composite copolymer.
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| CN202123301924.XU CN216498465U (en) | 2021-12-24 | 2021-12-24 | Membrane separation system for carbon dioxide purification and enrichment |
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| CN202123301924.XU CN216498465U (en) | 2021-12-24 | 2021-12-24 | Membrane separation system for carbon dioxide purification and enrichment |
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