CN216489810U

CN216489810U - Anti-overcharging protection device

Info

Publication number: CN216489810U
Application number: CN202122615838.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈龙; 张伟; 石先明; 沈志凌; 习博; 易承龙; 陈鹤楠; 陈建强; 达兴亮
Original assignee: China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-10-28
Filing date: 2021-10-28
Publication date: 2022-05-10
Anticipated expiration: 2031-10-28

Abstract

The utility model discloses an overcharge-proof protection device, which at least comprises: the acquisition module is used for acquiring first electrical data of the storage battery; the control module is used for judging whether the storage battery is overcharged or not based on the first electrical data acquired by the acquisition module and a preset threshold value and closing or opening a first switch module connected in series with a charging loop based on a judgment result; when the first switch module is closed, the charging loop is switched on to charge the storage battery; and when the first switch module is disconnected, the charging loop is disconnected to stop charging the storage battery.

Description

Anti-overcharging protection device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of storage battery protection, in particular to an anti-overcharging protection device.

Background

In all power supply systems, a storage battery serving as a backup power supply is indispensable, and the storage battery has the phenomena of overvoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature and the like in the long-term charging process, so that the serious potential safety hazard of battery bulge, liquid leakage, electric damage and even fire catching occurs.

Currently, there are two schemes for managing overcharge of a battery. The first method is that a battery management system is utilized to monitor the voltage, the temperature and the like of a battery unit, and when a set threshold value is exceeded for a certain time, a sound-light alarm is combined to warn maintenance personnel to carry out manual intervention maintenance; the second is to ensure that each cell is charged to a correspondingly superior voltage by the UPS system itself in combination with the battery pack voltage, battery cell parameters, and float voltage set by the number of battery cells. The former one is only an introduced alarm mechanism and cannot effectively prevent problems, and the latter one is more in a state of no protection due to the lack of alarm functions.

With the use of the storage battery, the charging efficiency of different battery units in the same battery pack will have great difference, even the battery cells of the unit batteries have inter-electrode short circuit, if the UPS voltage cannot be adjusted in time or abnormal battery units cannot be replaced, the overcharge of other normal battery units of the battery pack can be caused due to the serial voltage division, the battery is damaged, and even the safety problem occurs.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the main objective of the present invention is to provide an overcharge protection device, which can monitor electrical data such as charging current, charging voltage, insulation resistance of the storage battery, temperature value of the storage battery, and total voltage of the storage battery, and control the charging circuit for charging the storage battery to be turned on and off according to a set safe charging threshold and charging time, so as to effectively control the charging state of the storage battery within a safe range, thereby achieving the purpose of safety protection.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is realized as follows:

the embodiment of the utility model provides an overcharge-prevention protection device, which is characterized by at least comprising:

the acquisition module is used for acquiring first electrical data of the storage battery;

the control module is used for judging whether the storage battery is overcharged or not based on the first electrical data acquired by the acquisition module and a preset threshold value and closing or opening a first switch module connected in series with a charging loop based on a judgment result; when the first switch module is closed, the charging loop is switched on to charge the storage battery; and when the first switch module is disconnected, the charging loop is disconnected to stop charging the storage battery.

In the above solution, the apparatus further comprises: the second switch module is connected in parallel with the first switch module in the charging loop in series, and when the electric energy stored in the storage battery meets the set condition and the charging loop stops charging the storage battery, the storage battery discharges through the second switch module.

In the above solution, the apparatus further comprises: the communication module is used for carrying out data interaction with the battery management platform, wherein the interacted data comprise the first electrical data and the second electrical data of the charging loop; the second electrical data is collected based on the collection module.

In the above-mentioned scheme, gather the module and include:

the first acquisition assembly is used for acquiring voltage information of the storage battery;

the second acquisition assembly is used for acquiring the insulation information of the storage battery;

and the third acquisition assembly is used for acquiring the temperature information of the storage battery.

In the above scheme, the collection module further comprises:

the fourth acquisition assembly is used for acquiring charging current information flowing through the storage battery when the charging loop is switched on;

and the fifth acquisition assembly is used for acquiring charging voltage information at two ends of the first switch module when the charging loop is switched on.

In the above scheme, the first switch module includes an insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT switch component and an IGBT drive component, where the control module controls the IGBT switch component to be turned on or off through the IGBT drive component.

In the above scheme, the second switch module is a diode, an anode of the diode is connected with an anode of the storage battery, and a cathode of the diode is connected with an external charging device.

In the above scheme, the communication module includes a controller area network CAN bus and/or an RS 485.

In the above scheme, the first acquisition component includes a first differential operational amplifier circuit and a first ADC circuit connected to the battery; the second acquisition assembly comprises a divider resistor, a second differential operational amplifier circuit and a second ADC circuit; the third acquisition component comprises a temperature sensor.

In the above scheme, the fourth acquisition component includes a current divider and a third ADC circuit.

The embodiment of the utility model provides an overcharge-prevention protection device, which is characterized by at least comprising: the acquisition module is used for acquiring first electrical data of the storage battery; the control module is used for judging whether the storage battery is overcharged or not based on the first electrical data acquired by the acquisition module and a preset threshold value and closing or opening a first switch module connected in series with a charging loop based on a judgment result; when the first switch module is closed, the charging loop is switched on to charge the storage battery; and when the first switch module is disconnected, the charging loop is disconnected to stop charging the storage battery. The overcharge protection device provided by the utility model judges whether overcharge occurs by monitoring the first electrical data of the storage battery. Once the overcharge is found, the system automatically cuts off the charge, so as to realize automatic protection, and automatically recover the charging state of the storage battery pack after the overcharge phenomenon is relieved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic structure of an overcharge protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a schematic structure of an overcharge protection device provided by the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a schematic structure of an overcharge protection device provided by the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic circuit connection diagram of a usage scenario of the overcharge protection device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Various embodiments of the present invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Other embodiments that are variations of any of the disclosed embodiments may be formed by differently configuring or arranging the elements and features of the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, the described embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the utility model to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that references to "an embodiment," "another embodiment," and the like do not necessarily refer to only one embodiment, and different references to any such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to identify various elements, these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element from another element having the same or similar designation. Thus, a first element in one embodiment may also be referred to as a second or third element in another embodiment without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

The drawings are not necessarily to scale and, in some instances, may be exaggerated in scale to clearly illustrate features of embodiments. When an element is referred to as being connected or coupled to another element, it will be understood that the former may be directly connected or coupled to the latter, or may be electrically connected or coupled to the latter via one or more intervening elements therebetween. In addition, it will also be understood that when an element is referred to as being "between" two elements, it can be the only element between the two elements, or one or more intervening elements may also be present.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the utility model. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The articles "a" and/or "an" as used herein in the appended claims should be construed to mean "one or more" unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes" and "including," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated elements and do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Unless defined otherwise, all terms including technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs in view of the present invention. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the present invention and the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, and the present invention may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well known process structures and/or processes have not been described in detail in order to not unnecessarily obscure the present invention. It will also be understood that, in some instances, features or elements described in connection with one embodiment may be used alone or in combination with other features or elements of another embodiment, unless specifically stated otherwise, as would be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art. Hereinafter, various embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description focuses on details to facilitate an understanding of embodiments of the utility model. Well-known technical details may be omitted so as not to obscure the features and aspects of the present invention.

In combination with the need for battery overcharge management, there is a need to develop an automatic protection device for overcharge of battery cells, which automatically protects the battery pack from overcharge and automatically resumes charging after the overcharge is effectively alleviated.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The present invention provides an overcharge protection device, as shown in fig. 1 to 4. Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic structure of an overcharge protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a schematic structure of an overcharge protection device provided by the present invention; FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a schematic structure of an overcharge protection device provided by the present invention; fig. 4 is a schematic circuit connection diagram of a usage scenario of the overcharge protection device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the overcharge protection device 10 includes at least:

the acquisition module 101 is used for acquiring first electrical data of the storage battery;

the control module 103 is used for judging whether the storage battery is overcharged or not based on the first electrical data acquired by the acquisition module 101 and closing or opening a first switch module 102 connected in series with a charging loop based on a judgment result; when the first switch module 102 is closed, the charging loop is switched on to charge the storage battery; when the first switch module 102 is turned off, the charging circuit is turned off to stop charging the storage battery.

Here, the storage battery may refer to a battery pack including a plurality of unit cells, and as shown in fig. 4, the storage battery may be a battery pack including a unit cell 1, … …, and a unit cell n.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the acquisition module 101 may include:

The voltage information, the insulation information, and the temperature information referred to herein are first electrical data of the storage battery, where the voltage information may be a single-cell voltage value of the storage battery, or may be a total voltage value of the storage battery; the insulation information may refer to an insulation resistance value of the battery to Ground (GND); the temperature information may include a temperature of an environment in which the battery is located and a temperature of the battery post.

In some embodiments, the first acquisition component comprises a first differential operational amplifier circuit and a first ADC circuit connected to the battery; the second acquisition assembly comprises a divider resistor, a second differential operational amplifier circuit and a second ADC circuit; the third acquisition component comprises a temperature sensor.

It should be noted that, the first collecting assembly may be implemented by a first differential operational amplifier circuit and a first ADC circuit connected to the storage battery, where the first differential circuit is used to implement the functions of the battery pack voltage collecting circuit in fig. 3 and the total voltage detecting circuit in fig. 4, that is, the battery pack voltage collecting circuit in fig. 3 and the total voltage detecting circuit in fig. 4 implement different expressions of the same function, and are not used to limit the present invention. The second collecting component may include a voltage dividing resistor, a second differential operational amplifier circuit, and a second ADC circuit, that is, the insulation information may be collected by the cooperation of the voltage dividing resistor, the differential operational amplifier circuit, and the ADC circuit, where the insulation detecting circuit described in fig. 3 and fig. 4 is implemented by the voltage dividing resistor and the second differential circuit. The third collecting assembly may be a temperature sensor, and more specifically may be a data temperature sensor, wherein the third collecting assembly may include a main board temperature sensor for detecting an ambient temperature and a temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of the battery post. In the specific implementation process, the overcharge protection device can select to be externally connected with a temperature sensor through single bus communication, and can number the temperature sensor so as to monitor a plurality of battery units.

In other embodiments, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the collecting module 101 may further include:

The charging circuit may be a circuit formed to charge the battery. The charging current information and the charging voltage information may be referred to as second electrical data. The fourth acquisition component may include a shunt with a high-precision resistance value and capable of acquiring circuit information and a third ADC circuit, where the shunt is used to implement the function of the charge and discharge current acquisition circuit in fig. 3. The fifth acquisition component may include a third differential operational amplifier circuit and a fourth ADC circuit, where the third differential operational amplifier circuit is configured to implement the function of the charging voltage signal conditioning circuit in fig. 3. It should be understood that, in an actual application process, the same ADC circuit may be used for the first ADC circuit, the second ADC circuit, the third ADC circuit, and the fourth ADC circuit, as long as the acquisition timing of each data is set. In some embodiments, the first ADC circuit, the second ADC circuit, the third ADC circuit, and the fourth ADC circuit may also employ different ADC circuits. When actual hardware builds the anti-overcharge protection device provided by the present invention, the ADC circuit and the control module may be in the same chip, such as a high performance processor chip in fig. 4 described later.

As for the aforementioned first switch module 102, in some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the first switch module 102 may include an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) switch component and an IGBT driver component, wherein the control module 103 controls the IGBT switch component to be turned on or off through the IGBT driver component.

The IGBT driving component can be realized by adopting a special driving chip MC33153 with high cost performance and perfect protection function. The chip MC33153 is adopted as an IGBT driving component, so that the IGBT can be rapidly turned off when faults such as overcurrent and short circuit occur, and the safety and less loss of the IGBT and equipment are ensured. An overcurrent and short-circuit detection function is integrated in the chip MC33153, when an overcurrent or short-circuit fault of the IGBT is detected, a 7 th pin of the MC33153 outputs a high-level fault signal to be sent back to the controller, and the controller receives the fault signal and controls the MC33153 to turn off the IGBT; in addition, the MC33153 also integrates the functions of protection against tripping and detection, and can automatically control the IGBT to be turned off by hardware when overcurrent is detected.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the control module may employ a Micro Control Unit (MCU) for implementing control and data processing analysis.

The working principle of the anti-overcharge protection device is as follows: the anti-overcharging protection device detects first electrical data through the acquisition module, transmits the detected first electrical data to the control module, and the control module judges whether the storage battery is overcharged according to the first electrical data and a preset threshold value; and if the judgment result is that the battery is not overcharged, the control module controls the first switch module to be closed, and the storage battery is recovered to be charged.

Wherein the determining whether the storage battery is overcharged according to the first electrical data and a preset threshold may include:

comparing the first electrical data with the preset threshold value to obtain a comparison result; and judging whether the storage battery is overcharged or not based on the comparison result.

It should be noted that, it has been described above that the first electrical data includes at least one of voltage information, insulation information, and temperature information, and therefore, the preset threshold may include a safety preset threshold corresponding to each parameter, that is, the preset threshold includes a safety preset threshold of the storage battery related to the voltage information, a safety preset threshold of the storage battery related to the insulation information, and a safety preset threshold of the storage battery related to the temperature information. Once at least one of the collected first electrical data exceeds a safety preset threshold value, the storage battery is overcharged, and at the moment, the control module controls the first switch module to be disconnected so as to disconnect a charging loop and stop charging the storage battery. It should be understood that the determination may also be made according to the second electrical data collected later and the corresponding preset threshold value. In summary, the overcharge protection device provided by the utility model can effectively control the charging state of the battery within a safe range by monitoring the charging current, voltage and insulation resistance of the battery pack and the voltage and temperature states of the battery unit and combining with a safety threshold and time to control the charging circuit to be opened and closed, thereby achieving the purpose of safety protection.

In some embodiments, in order to ensure that the discharge circuit of the battery is unblocked without affecting the discharge function of the battery, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the apparatus further comprises: the second switch module is connected in parallel with the first switch module in the charging loop in series, and when the electric energy stored in the storage battery meets the set condition and the charging loop stops charging the storage battery, the storage battery discharges through the second switch module.

It should be noted that the second switch module may be a high-power diode, the diode is connected in parallel with the first switch module and then connected in series in the charging loop, an anode of the diode is connected with an anode of the battery, and a cathode of the diode is connected with an external charging device, so that the battery can be discharged through the second switch module when the battery is not charged. It should be understood that, if the second switch module is a diode, in this case, the electric energy stored in the storage battery at least can be discharged when the diode is turned on, and therefore, the setting condition may mean that the electric energy stored in the storage battery is greater than the electric energy required by the diode to be turned on, in other words, the voltage across the storage battery is greater than the turn-on voltage across the diode.

In other embodiments, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the apparatus further comprises: the communication module is used for carrying out data interaction with the battery management platform, wherein the interacted data comprise the first electrical data and the second electrical data of the charging loop; the second electrical data is collected based on the collection module.

In practical application, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the communication module includes a controller area network CAN bus and/or RS 485.

It should be noted that, the overcharge protection device performs data interaction with the battery management platform through the CAN bus, and the interacted data may include the first electrical data and the second electrical data, that is, voltage information, insulation information, temperature information, charging current information, and charging voltage information. In addition, the overcharge protection device can also monitor information such as the charge and discharge state and the charge and discharge current of the charge circuit in real time through the control module. The battery management platform may be a battery management system or a host terminal.

Based on the foregoing description, the present invention provides an overcharge protection device with advantages over the existing protection schemes, including the following:

firstly, whether the storage battery is overcharged or not is judged by monitoring the electrical data of the storage battery. Once the overcharge is found, the system automatically cuts off the charge, so as to realize automatic protection, and automatically recover the charging state of the storage battery pack after the overcharge phenomenon is relieved. The anti-overcharging protection device can be set as a component in a storage battery pack health management and intelligent maintenance system, the state of disconnection and recovery charging can be displayed on terminal equipment of the whole system, and the single anti-overcharging device can give an alarm only when the overcharging phenomenon continuously occurs for a long time so as to facilitate the overhaul of a worker.

Secondly, the overcharge protection device ensures that a discharge loop is smooth through a high-power diode, and when the battery works normally, the discharge current of the battery passes through the diode, so that the discharge function of the battery pack is not influenced; when the battery is charged, the battery pack unit is prevented from being overcharged by controlling the on-off of the IGBT charging loop.

Thirdly, the overcharge protection device adopts a high-power IGBT as a control switch of a charging loop to realize on-off control of the charging loop, and simultaneously adopts a special driving chip MC33153 with high cost performance and perfect protection function to drive the IGBT, so that the IGBT can be rapidly turned off when faults such as overcurrent, short circuit and the like occur, and thus, the safety of the IGBT and equipment is ensured, and the loss is reduced. In addition, an overcurrent and short-circuit detection function is integrated in the MC33153, when an overcurrent or short-circuit fault of the IGBT is detected, the 7 th pin of the MC33153 outputs a high-level fault signal to be sent back to the controller, and the controller controls the MC33153 to turn off the IGBT after receiving the fault signal; in addition, the MC33153 also integrates the functions of protection against tripping and detection, and can automatically control the IGBT to be turned off by hardware when overcurrent is detected.

Fourthly, a high-precision resistance value large-current shunt is introduced into the overcharge protection device and used as a current sampling device to accurately collect current information.

Fifthly, the overcharge protection device can be externally connected with a temperature sensor through single bus communication, and the temperature sensor can be numbered to monitor a plurality of battery units;

sixthly, the anti-overcharging protection device CAN control the MCU to collect insulation information through the CAN bus, and monitor the charging and discharging state, the charging and discharging current, the battery pack voltage and the battery unit temperature information of the current circuit in real time;

seventh, the overcharge protection device can control the charging circuit to be opened or closed through the battery management system host; the charging circuit can be automatically controlled to be opened or closed through the detected information such as temperature, current and the like, so that the functions of actively and passively opening and closing the charging circuit are provided. Specifically, the overcharge protection device has the functions of battery temperature detection, total voltage detection of a battery pack, charging current detection, battery insulation detection and the like, and when the temperature of a battery unit is detected to be overhigh, the voltage of the battery unit exceeds a set threshold value (generally, the optimal voltage in a float charging state), the insulation is overhigh and the charging current is overhigh, the overcharge protection device actively disconnects a charging loop; the overcharge protection device also provides RS485 and CAN bus communication interfaces, CAN communicate with a host of the battery management system, CAN send a command to the overcharge protection device when the battery management system detects that the battery is abnormal, and disconnects the charging loop after receiving the command. After the abnormal recovery, the overcharge protection device actively or passively recovers charging.

Eighthly, the bus current detection function and the overcurrent protection control are realized;

ninth, a CAN communication interface is provided, which accords with CAN2.1B communication specifications and realizes the information transmission and the control function of the host computer to the equipment;

tenth, a temperature sensor can be externally connected to realize multipoint temperature acquisition;

and eleventh, the product is an independent unit, and is convenient and flexible to install.

Generally, the storage battery pack overcharge safety protection device can provide functions of actively and passively disconnecting and connecting a charging loop for a storage battery pack in a power supply system, and has a bus current detection function and overcurrent protection control. Meanwhile, the overcharge protection device is an independent unit, and is convenient for transforming and upgrading the existing storage battery pack. The overcharge protection device can provide the overcharge protection function for the storage battery pack of the machine room along the railway, and the charging state of the battery is effectively controlled within a safety range by controlling the charging loop of the storage battery to be opened and closed, so that the aim of safety protection is fulfilled, and the function of integral equalizing charging of the storage battery pack is realized.

In the embodiments provided in the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. The above-described device embodiments are merely illustrative, for example, the division of the unit is only a logical functional division, and there may be other division ways in actual implementation, such as: multiple units or components may be combined, or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling or communication connection between the components shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between the devices or units may be electrical, mechanical or other forms. The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units; some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment. In addition, all the functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may be separately regarded as one unit, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit; the integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, or in a form of hardware plus a software functional unit.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anti-overcharge protection device, characterized in that the device comprises at least:

2. The protective device of claim 1, further comprising: the second switch module is connected in parallel with the first switch module in the charging loop in series, and when the electric energy stored in the storage battery meets the set condition and the charging loop stops charging the storage battery, the storage battery discharges through the second switch module.

3. The protective device of claim 1, further comprising: the communication module is used for carrying out data interaction with the battery management platform, wherein the interacted data comprise the first electrical data and the second electrical data of the charging loop; the second electrical data is collected based on the collection module.

4. The protection device of claim 3, wherein the collection module comprises:

5. The protection device of claim 4, wherein the collection module further comprises:

6. The protection device of claim 1, wherein the first switch module comprises an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) switch assembly and an IGBT drive assembly, and wherein the control module controls the IGBT switch assembly to be turned on or off through the IGBT drive assembly.

7. The protection device according to claim 2, wherein the second switch module is a diode, an anode of the diode is connected with an anode of the storage battery, and a cathode of the diode is connected with an external charging device.

8. The protection device of claim 3, wherein the communication module comprises a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus and/or RS 485.

9. The protection device of claim 4, wherein the first acquisition component comprises a first differential operational amplifier circuit and a first ADC circuit connected to the battery; the second acquisition assembly comprises a divider resistor, a second differential operational amplifier circuit and a second ADC circuit; the third acquisition component comprises a temperature sensor.

10. The protection device of claim 5, wherein the fourth acquisition component comprises a shunt and a third ADC circuit.