CN216488528U

CN216488528U - Low-profile broadband high-gain high-caliber efficiency super-surface antenna

Info

Publication number: CN216488528U
Application number: CN202123309721.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 崔学武; 伍世楠; 周辰; 位朝垒; 赵志钦
Original assignee: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; CETC 54 Research Institute
Current assignee: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; CETC 54 Research Institute
Priority date: 2021-12-27
Filing date: 2021-12-27
Publication date: 2022-05-10
Anticipated expiration: 2031-12-27

Abstract

The utility model discloses a super surface antenna of low section broadband high-gain high-aperture efficiency belongs to antenna technical field. The surface acoustic wave antenna sequentially comprises a super-surface structure layer, a first medium loading layer, a radiation patch layer, a second medium loading layer, a driving patch layer and a feed layer from top to bottom. The super-surface structure is formed by arranging super-surface units at specific intervals, the whole antenna structure is processed by adopting a multilayer printed board process, and finally, the antenna is output by adopting a label SSMP radio frequency connector. The antenna adopts a super-surface loading and microstrip line back-feed type structure, so that the antenna obtains better directionality and high gain. Meanwhile, the traditional loading layer of air is replaced by medium loading, so that the design and processing difficulty of the super-surface antenna is greatly simplified. The utility model greatly reduces the difficulty of assembling and welding the antenna unit in the later period, and also increases the reliability of the antenna; the device has the advantages of simple structure, high gain, low section, low processing, assembly and welding difficulty and the like.

Description

Low-profile broadband high-gain high-caliber efficiency super-surface antenna

Technical Field

The utility model relates to antenna technical field, in particular to super surface antenna of low section broadband high gain high-bore efficiency.

Background

Aerospace wireless system devices require a high quality and high reliability communication link to be provided, which not only serves to achieve safe flight and rapid emergency response, but also provides timely, accurate radar signals for the navigation guidance subsystem. To fulfill the above requirements, a high gain airborne antenna is a key component thereof. On the other hand, to obtain a larger system communication capacity, it is generally required that the antenna has broadband operation characteristics, and the antenna should simultaneously satisfy the characteristics of light weight, small size, easy conformality, low profile and the like on board. Generally speaking, there is an irremediable contradiction between the bandwidth and gain of the antenna and the physical size of the antenna, and in order to obtain a high gain in a wide frequency band, the size of the antenna is usually required to be relaxed, and conversely, if the radiation structure is to be made more compact, some sacrifice in bandwidth and gain is often required. By using the novel super-surface structure and the low-profile low-Q-value loading technology, the high-gain directional radiation of the antenna under a wide frequency band can be realized on the premise of ensuring that the antenna has a low profile and a compact size, and meanwhile, higher caliber efficiency can be realized. The antenna also has the advantages of low profile, easy integration and the like, and has great application prospect in the aspects of antenna application such as airborne, satellite-borne, missile-borne and the like. Therefore, in order to realize high-gain antenna design under the requirement of low profile and high bandwidth, research on a novel super-surface-loaded microstrip patch antenna needs to be carried out.

Due to the variety of metamaterials and the wide application range, metamaterials have been widely used in the aspects of antenna miniaturization, electromagnetic wave front regulation, high-efficiency transmission and reflective array antennas. Among them, the printed super surface (Meta-surface) structure not only has flexible and changeable design, but also can be formed by common PCB technology, and realizes lower manufacturing cost while ensuring good processing precision, so it is being widely studied by domestic and foreign scholars.

The antenna design based on the super surface mainly has two kinds, and the first kind is as the reflecting plate of omnidirectional radiation antenna unit with super surface, compares in metal reflecting plate (mostly be backplate or back of the body chamber), and super surface reflecting plate can realize the directional radiation of antenna under the prerequisite of guaranteeing the whole low section of antenna. The second method is to use the super-surface as a transmission layer of the antenna, and load a periodic super-surface structure above the antenna radiation unit, so as to improve the port characteristic and radiation gain of the antenna. The advantages of the super-surface are numerous, but the disadvantages are obvious, a certain air layer is needed to be loaded between the super-surface and the antenna radiation unit to reduce the Q value so as to realize broadband impedance matching, and various problems such as processing, assembly and the like can be caused in the actual engineering process, for example, after the frequency is high, the loading distance between the antenna and the super-surface is difficult to be accurately modulated, the feeding structure of the antenna and the radio frequency connector are welded.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In view of this, the utility model provides a super surface antenna of low section broadband high gain high-bore efficiency. The antenna reduces the later manual assembly link, greatly reduces the assembly difficulty of the super-surface antenna, and particularly reduces the high-frequency band; and has the advantages of excellent electrical performance, high integration degree, low profile, simple structure, convenient processing, low cost and the like.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

a low-profile broadband high-gain high-caliber efficiency super-surface antenna comprises a super-surface structure layer, a first medium loading layer, a radiation patch layer, a second medium loading layer, a driving patch layer and a feed layer which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom;

the super-surface structure layer comprises a first dielectric plate, and a super-surface structure is printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate;

the first medium loading layer comprises a second medium plate, two upper-layer hollow structures are arranged on the second medium plate, and the upper-layer hollow structures are positioned right above the corresponding radiation patches;

the radiation patch layer comprises a third dielectric plate, and two radiation patches which are parallel are arranged on the upper surface of the third dielectric plate;

the second medium loading layer comprises a fourth medium plate, two lower-layer hollow structures are arranged on the fourth medium plate, and the lower-layer hollow structures are located right below the corresponding radiation patches;

the driving patch layer comprises a fifth dielectric plate, two parallel driving patches are printed on the upper surface of the fifth dielectric plate, and the driving patches are positioned right below the corresponding radiation patches;

the feed layer comprises a sixth dielectric plate; a metal floor is arranged on the upper surface of the sixth dielectric plate, and a feed network is arranged on the lower surface of the sixth dielectric plate; the feed network comprises a T-shaped junction power divider and a microstrip feed line, wherein the input end of the T-shaped junction power divider is connected with the output end of the microstrip feed line and is used for equally dividing power of the microstrip line at the input end; and the tail ends of two branches of the T-shaped junction power divider are provided with metal probes, and one end of the top of each metal probe penetrates through the sixth dielectric slab, the metal floor and the fifth dielectric slab and is connected with a driving patch corresponding to the upper surface of the fifth dielectric slab.

Further, the metal floor is not in contact with the metal probe.

The utility model adopts the beneficial effect that above-mentioned technical scheme produced lies in:

the utility model discloses a super surface loading and microstrip line back of the body present formula structure, make the antenna obtain better directionality and high gain. Meanwhile, the traditional loading layer of air is replaced by medium loading, so that the design and processing difficulty of the super-surface antenna is greatly simplified. Meanwhile, a multilayer printed board processing technology is adopted, so that the assembly and welding difficulty of the antenna unit (array) in the later period is greatly reduced, and the reliability of the antenna is also improved. The super-surface antenna has the advantages of simple structure, high gain, low profile, low processing, assembly and welding difficulty and the like.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural section of an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a feed structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows S according to an embodiment of the present invention₁₁(port reflection coefficient) curve;

fig. 5 is an active standing wave ratio and real gain curve of an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 6 is a radiation pattern of the H-plane and E-plane at low frequency according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a radiation pattern of the H-plane and E-plane at mid-frequency according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 shows radiation patterns of the H-plane and the E-plane at high frequencies according to the embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a super-surface structure; 2. a radiation patch; 3. driving the patch; 4. a metal floor; 5. a metal probe; 6. a feed network; 7. a first dielectric plate; 8. a second dielectric plate; 9. a third dielectric plate; 10. a fourth dielectric plate; 11. a fifth dielectric plate; 12. and a sixth dielectric plate.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive labor.

the super-surface structure layer comprises a first dielectric plate 7, and a super-surface structure 1 is printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate;

the first medium loading layer comprises a second medium plate 8, two upper-layer hollow structures are arranged on the second medium plate, and the upper-layer hollow structures are positioned right above the corresponding radiation patches 2;

the radiation patch layer comprises a third dielectric plate 9, and two radiation patches which are parallel are arranged on the upper surface of the third dielectric plate;

the second medium loading layer comprises a fourth medium plate 10, two lower-layer hollow structures are arranged on the fourth medium plate, and the lower-layer hollow structures are located right below the corresponding radiation patches;

the driving patch layer comprises a fifth dielectric plate 11, two parallel driving patches 3 are printed on the upper surface of the fifth dielectric plate, and the driving patches are located right below the corresponding radiation patches;

the feed layer comprises a sixth dielectric plate; a metal floor is arranged on the upper surface of the sixth dielectric plate 12, and a feed network 6 is arranged on the lower surface of the sixth dielectric plate; the feed network comprises a T-shaped junction power divider and a microstrip feed line, wherein the input end of the T-shaped junction power divider is connected with the output end of the microstrip feed line and is used for equally dividing power of the microstrip line at the input end; and the tail ends of two branches of the T-shaped junction power divider are provided with metal probes, and one end of the top of each metal probe 5 passes through the sixth dielectric slab, the metal floor 4 and the fifth dielectric slab and is connected with a driving patch corresponding to the upper surface of the fifth dielectric slab.

Further, the metal floor is not in contact with the metal probe.

The following is a more specific example:

fig. 1 is a broadband low-profile super surface antenna structure section schematic diagram, from the top down include super surface structure layer, first medium loading layer, the SMD layer of radiation, second medium loading layer, the SMD layer of drive, feed layer in proper order. The thickness of each layer is designed according to the working frequency band of the antenna, the working frequency band of the antenna in the embodiment is a Ku wave band, and the dielectric plate material used by the super-surface structure layer, the driving patch layer and the radiation patch layer is Rogers 4350B. Wherein the thickness of the super-surface structure layer is 0.254mm, the thickness of the radiation patch layer is 0.254mm, and the thickness of the drive patch layer is 0.338 mm. The material of the medium loading layer is TSM-DS3M, the thickness of the upper medium loading layer is 0.508mm, and the thickness of the lower medium loading layer is 0.787 mm. The material of the feed layer is TSM-DS3M, and the thickness is 0.254 mm. The layers are laminated to form a whole, and the thickness of the prepreg is 0.12mm plus 5 layers.

The super surface is a periodic structure of 4 multiplied by 4 square rings, the outer side length of each square ring is 1.66mm, the inner side length is 0.96mm, and the space between the square rings is 1.52 mm. The antenna is printed on the dielectric plate through a PCB technology, and radiation current can be uniformly distributed on a super-surface radiation aperture when the antenna works, so that high gain is realized.

The medium loading layer is provided with an upper layer and a lower layer, the medium is TSM-DS3M, the thickness of the upper layer medium loading layer is 0.508mm, and the thickness of the lower layer medium loading layer is 0.787 mm. Each dielectric loading layer is provided with a square hole with the size of 10mm multiplied by 10mm at the position of the microstrip patch so as to reduce the equivalent dielectric constant and realize low-profile low-Q-value loading.

The radiation patch is printed on a dielectric plate with the thickness of 0.254mm, the plate is Rogers 4350B, and the dielectric constant is 3.48. The radiation patch size is 6.47mm x 6.47mm, and resonance radiation can be realized at a low frequency point to expand the bandwidth.

The driving patch is printed on a dielectric plate with the thickness of 0.338mm, the plate material is Rogers 4350B, and the dielectric constant is 3.48. The size of the driving patch is 6.1mm multiplied by 6.1mm, and the resonance frequency point is slightly higher than that of the radiation patch. The driven patch was fed using a metal probe with a feed point input impedance of 25 Ohm.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the antenna feeding structure of this embodiment, in which the thickness of the dielectric substrate is 0.254mm, a metal floor is disposed on the upper surface, and a circular hole is cut in the metal floor to prevent the metal probe from being short-circuited. The lower surface is provided with a microstrip feeder line, the input impedance is 50Ohm, the output impedance is 25Ohm, and a metal probe is used for feeding the upper patch. The T-shaped junction power divider is adopted to equally divide power of the input end microstrip line, the size is simple, and the insertion loss of the whole circuit is reduced.

Fig. 3 shows the structure of the present embodiment, in which the antenna is laminated by 6 dielectric plates, and 5 prepregs are added for adhesion, and the thickness of each prepreg is 0.12 mm.

FIG. 4 is a drawing of the utility model, a S of broadband low-profile super surface antenna structure₁₁The (port reflection coefficient) curve shows that the antenna has broadband impedance matching characteristics.

Fig. 5 shows the active standing-wave ratio and real gain curve of a broadband low-profile super-surface antenna structure according to the present invention, it can be seen that the antenna has high gain in the operating frequency band, and the average gain in the band is greater than 10 dBi.

Fig. 6 is a broadband low-profile super-surface antenna structure H-plane and E-plane radiation pattern at low frequency, the antenna has directional radiation characteristics, and the front-to-back ratio is greater than 15 dB.

Fig. 7 is a broadband low-profile super-surface antenna structure of the present invention, which has a radiation pattern of H-plane and E-plane at the intermediate frequency, and the antenna has a directional radiation characteristic, and the front-to-back ratio is greater than 15 dB.

Fig. 8 is a radiation pattern of H face and E face when the broadband low-profile super surface antenna structure of the utility model is at high frequency, the antenna possesses directional radiation characteristic, the front-to-back ratio is greater than 15 dB.

Claims

1. A low-profile broadband high-gain high-caliber efficiency super-surface antenna is characterized by comprising a super-surface structure layer, a first medium loading layer, a radiation patch layer, a second medium loading layer, a driving patch layer and a feed layer which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom;

2. The low-profile broadband high-gain high-aperture efficiency super-surface antenna according to claim 1, wherein the metal ground is free of contact with a metal probe.