CN216426817U - Thermal driving solution separation device with progressive constraint under centrifugal force field - Google Patents
Thermal driving solution separation device with progressive constraint under centrifugal force field Download PDFInfo
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- CN216426817U CN216426817U CN202120138581.0U CN202120138581U CN216426817U CN 216426817 U CN216426817 U CN 216426817U CN 202120138581 U CN202120138581 U CN 202120138581U CN 216426817 U CN216426817 U CN 216426817U
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/0217—Separation of non-miscible liquids by centrifugal force
Abstract
The utility model provides a thermal driving solution separation device gradually restrained under a centrifugal force field, which comprises a main shaft, wherein a rotary drum capable of rotating along with the main shaft is arranged on the outer side of the main shaft; the progressive restraint units are uniformly distributed in the rotary drum along the axial direction, at least one progressive restraint unit is uniformly distributed in the rotary drum along the axial direction, the rotary drum comprises a solution inlet and a solution outlet, and the solution enters the rotary drum from the solution inlet, is separated or purified by the progressive restraint units and is discharged from the solution outlet. The utility model utilizes the unrestrained state of water molecules in a saturated state to carry out progressive constraint separation on the water molecules in the solution, thereby overcoming the problems in the background technology.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of thermodynamics, in particular to a device for separating and purifying solution by utilizing the thermodynamics principle.
Background
Solution separation and purification technologies are applied to various industries, such as seawater desalination, sewage treatment, absorption refrigeration and the like, and in the prior art, the solution separation and purification processes are various, and energy consumption requirements are different, such as electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, heat separation of absorption refrigeration and the like; in the absorption refrigeration, because of high consumption of heat energy, the energy is saved, and other separation methods which are relatively energy-saving, such as electroosmosis, the property of solution can be changed, reverse osmosis, ultrahigh operation pressure and the like, are limited in application. In fact, in the prior art, most of purification needs to achieve concentration increase of a solution or separation of solute molecules and water molecules after vaporization or gasification of water molecules, that is, physical form of water is changed to achieve separation or purification of the solution, and the energy of vaporization or gasification of the water molecules generates redundant energy loss, so that it is of great significance to design an energy-saving and applicable solution separation method to replace a high-energy-consumption separation technology for advocating energy conservation and emission reduction today.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem of providing a thermal driving solution separation device with progressive constraint under a centrifugal force field, which utilizes the unbound state of water molecules in a saturated solution and combines the centrifugal force field to carry out progressive constraint separation on the water molecules in the solution, thereby overcoming the problems in the background art.
The technical scheme adopted by the utility model for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the main shaft can be driven to rotate, and a rotary drum which can rotate along with the main shaft is arranged on the outer side of the main shaft;
at least one progressive restraint unit is uniformly distributed in the rotary drum along the axial direction, the rotary drum comprises a solution inlet and a solution outlet, and the solution enters the rotary drum from the solution inlet, is separated or purified by the progressive restraint unit and is discharged from the solution outlet;
the drum is provided with a water outlet which is communicated with the progressive restraint unit.
Furthermore, the progressive restraint unit comprises a restraint unit main body and a heat conduction shell, the heat conduction shell is wrapped outside the restraint unit main body, the restraint unit main body is provided with a water molecule inlet and a water molecule outlet, and the heat conduction shell is reserved on the side where the water molecule inlet and the water molecule outlet are located. In the present invention, the hardness and toughness of the flexible material can be selected according to the pressure required for purifying the actual solution, and generally, a common resin material can satisfy most of the requirements for purifying the solution.
Further, the progressive restraint unit is in a fan-shaped block shape as a whole. The fan-shaped block-shaped progressive restraint units can better fill the space positions in the rotary drum, so that the space in the rotary drum is fully utilized.
Further, the progressive confinement unit is provided with a rigid supporting semi-permeable membrane structure at the water molecule inlet, which is capable of allowing the water molecules to pass and blocking solute molecules in the solution.
Furthermore, the restraining unit main body is made of flexible porous materials, a plurality of restraining structures capable of restraining water molecules are arranged in the restraining unit main body, the plurality of restraining structures are sequentially arranged along the centrifugal force direction, and the next restraining structure can restrain the water molecules released by the previous restraining structure.
Further, the progressive restraint units are arranged in a layered mode, and the sizes of the progressive restraint units are sequentially increased towards the axis direction along the flow direction of the solution. Since the concentration of the solution is increased in turn during the separation process, the size of the progressive restriction units is increased in turn to accommodate the initial pressure values provided at different concentrations.
Further, the main shaft is of a hollow structure, a heat exchange liquid inlet and a heat exchange liquid outlet are formed in two ends of the main shaft respectively, and the heat exchange liquid inlet and the heat exchange liquid outlet are communicated with a heat exchange liquid pipeline through a shaft seal respectively.
Further, a solution outlet and a solution inlet are respectively arranged at two ends of the rotary drum, and the introduction direction of the solution is opposite to that of the heat exchange liquid.
Further, the solution inlet and the solution outlet are respectively connected with a solution inlet pipeline and a solution outlet pipeline through shaft seals.
Furthermore, two ends of the hollow main shaft are respectively provided with a supporting bearing, and one end of the hollow main shaft is provided with a driving wheel used for transmitting power to the hollow main shaft.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the utility model designs a progressive separation unit capable of carrying out mass transfer separation on water molecules, and because the heat exchange liquid is introduced, the water molecules are gradually accumulated (adsorbed or fixed) from inside to outside to form pure water gradually under the action of centrifugal force in the progressive separation unit at a certain temperature, so that the separation of water and solute without physical state change is realized, and the progressive separation unit is particularly suitable for occasions requiring solution separation, such as sewage treatment, solution purification and the like.
(2) In the utility model, heat exchange liquid flows in from the axis position of the hollow main shaft, flows to the outer side gap of the progressive constraint unit through a heat exchange liquid channel, flows out from the axis after heat exchange, dilute solution to be purified or separated flows through the rotary drum at the outer side of the hollow main shaft to one side of the progressive constraint unit with rigid support, water molecules in the dilute solution are subjected to progressive constraint separation under a centrifugal force field formed by rotation of the main shaft through the progressive constraint unit, so that the purification of the dilute solution is realized, the purified solution flows out along the outer side of the main shaft, and pure water separated from the solution flows out from the outermost side of the rotary drum at the other end of the progressive constraint unit. In the whole process, the channels of the heat exchange liquid, the (dilute/concentrated) solution and the separated pure water are not communicated with each other, are isolated from each other and cannot generate pollution.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of conventional separation of solute molecules and water molecules.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of molecular separation of solute molecules and water molecules in an ideal state simulated by a magnetic field.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of molecular separation of an ideal absorption refrigeration generator simulated by a magnetic field.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the molecular separation of the reverse osmosis process under ideal conditions simulated by a magnetic field.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the molecular separation of the present invention under ideal conditions of magnetic field simulation.
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the separation of a semi-permeable membrane under a centrifugal force field.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the separation of water molecules in a porous structure.
FIG. 8 is a progressive constraint separation diagram.
FIG. 9 is a schematic enthalpy-concentration diagram of a solution during a progressive separation process.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a rigid support.
Fig. 11 is a radial cross-sectional view of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is an axial cross-sectional view of the device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the concept of the present invention, a clear and complete description of some embodiments of the present invention will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples of the present invention.
Since there are some theoretical or theoretical ideas or references in the present invention, in order to make the ideas or references embodied and operated in the technical scheme of the present invention better understood and implemented, the ideas or references are first described and explained, and it should be noted that the descriptions and explanations are for the convenience of understanding, and should not be regarded as limitations to the present invention or regarded as an aspect or part of the present invention, nor should they be regarded as limitations to the present invention.
For ease of understanding and convenience of description, the lithium bromide solution is used as an example for analysis in this embodiment, and the principles and structures of the present invention may be applied to the separation of other solutions. The microscopic mechanism of the process is shown in fig. 1, the acting force on water molecules on the surface of the solution has the attraction of solute ions, vapor phase pressure (vapor phase molecule impact) and the repulsion of the heat vibration of the water molecules to the solute ions, when the solution is in a saturated state, the repulsion F can just counter the resultant force F of the attraction of the ions and the vapor phase pressure, at this time, if the water molecules are impacted by other molecules a, the water molecules will be ejected into the vapor phase, and the molecules a will obtain energy supplement from the high temperature heat source, obviously, the energy provided by the high temperature heat source can be divided into two parts, the first part is to heat the solution to be in a saturated state, and the second part is to provide the kinetic energy for the water molecules to enter the vapor phase.
To illustrate the problem more pictorially, assume the model of fig. 2, in fig. 2, the mutual attraction of ions and water molecules in the solution is used as the attraction of the magnet to the iron, if ordinary magnets are attracted together, they are separated, the external force f is certainly needed to act on the magnetic block for a certain distance s, the external force consumes energy f × s, in fig. 2, the iron ball represents the molecule vibrated by heat, the amplitude is increased along with the increase of the temperature, the amplitude reaches the equilibrium distance when the saturation temperature is reached, the repulsive force generated by vibration can counter the attraction (resultant force) of the water molecules, namely, the control of the water molecules to release ions can be moved without consuming energy, the released water molecules can not continue to absorb heat energy to form vapor phase if the confinement is carried out in space, and only the thermal vibration is carried out at the saturation temperature.
Based on the above theory, the energy consumption required by the conventional absorption refrigeration can be illustrated as fig. 3, where the first part of the energy consumption is heat energy q, and the second part of the energy consumption is also heat energy q. The energy consumption of the reverse osmosis method for seawater desalination can be shown in fig. 4, and because the separation is carried out in a supercooled state, external force is required to do work as shown in fig. 2, namely, the energy consumption of the first part is f × s, and water molecules are directly restrained into a liquid state after being separated, so that the energy consumption of the second part is avoided. If the water molecules separated by the thermal separation method (as shown in fig. 3) are spatially restricted to be in a liquid state after separation, the second part of energy consumption is obviously unnecessary, and the energy consumption only needs to be the first part of energy consumption q for raising the temperature to the saturation temperature, as shown in fig. 5, which is the restriction separation method needing to be designed.
The purpose and energy consumption of the constraint are analyzed above, the key to implementing the constraint separation method is the constraint of the separated molecules or ions, and the constraint of the molecules or ions can be considered from the external force field, such as a gravity field, a centrifugal force field, an electric field, a magnetic field, and the like, obviously, the centrifugal force field can be selected as a priority from the aspects of realizability and universality.
The basic idea of saturated solution separation is to cover the liquid surface with a porous structure with selective sieving effect, such as a semi-permeable membrane, and then to perform circular motion to separate the molecules by centrifugal force, as shown in fig. 6.
Saturation pressure P of lithium bromide solution1According to the manual, the saturation pressure P of pure water at the same temperature is inquired2Is obviously greater than P1If the separated water molecules are directly pressed into P by centrifugal force2The container is constrained and difficult to be realized in practical scope, as shown in fig. 7, for this purpose, a porous structure with selective sieving function can be designed, and molecules or ions with water absorption function of solute (or other water-absorbing substances) are fixed on the space structure, like electrodialysis membrane, SAP and the like, and the designed structure can be shown in fig. 8.
The structure shown in fig. 8 is wholly at a temperature T1In the environment (2), the rotation is performed at an angular velocity ω with the left side O as the center of a circle and the left side T as the center of a circle1Saturated solution at temperature, pressure P1The right side is pure water side, and the pressure reaches T under the action of centrifugal force1Pure water saturation pressure P at temperature2The pressure in the middle part is increased with the radius due to the centrifugal force, and when the angular velocity ω is stabilized, i.e. there is a corresponding pressure in each position, since the solute ions (or other water-absorbing substances) are fixed on the substrate and the water molecules are free to move in the substrate, each position is at the same temperature T1The water may have different saturation concentrations due to different pressures, i.e., as shown, the water attracted to each ionThe number of molecules is different and each ion is in saturation. At the moment, water molecules separated from the solution on the left side pass through the semi-permeable substrate under the migration of centrifugal force, firstly push away and replace the water molecules, then push away and replace the water molecules, and move sequentially until the water molecules reach the pure water side, the externally input power water molecules are used for migrating, and the energy can be recovered when the pure water leaves the separation device after the water molecules are separated, and the change of internal energy before and after separation, such as the distance between the pure water molecules is increased when the solution is used, and the energy can be changed from T1The heat energy provided by the environment. That is, the present invention overcomes the problems associated with reverse osmosis and eliminates a second portion of the energy consumption of the absorption refrigeration generator during the separation process.
It can be seen that the energy consumption required by the solution separation method designed above is T1The thermal energy provided by the environment is constrained in a progressive manner by the fixed ions, and therefore can be called as: the thermal driving solution separation method of progressive constraint under the centrifugal force field is called constraint solution separation method for short, which is the meaning of progressive constraint in the text.
If this separation is graphically represented, it can be illustrated by the enthalpy-concentration diagram of the lithium bromide solution, as shown in FIG. 9. Starting from the starting point O of the solution separation, the separated water molecules follow the isotherm T1And the concentration of lithium bromide is increased until the concentration of lithium bromide is 0, namely the pure water state. The remaining solution follows the isotherm T1Down to the desired concentration.
According to the principle described above, when in actual practice the solution is at the saturation pressure P1When entering the rotating mechanism, the solution side pressure in fig. 8 will be greater than P, since the solution has a certain thickness in the radial direction1For this purpose, a rigid support is required on the side of the porous material close to the solution, so that a pressure difference is generated on the two sides of the porous material (semi-permeable substrate), and the pressure on the right side is reduced to P1I.e. the state shown in fig. 10.
Specifically, the structure adopted by the utility model is as shown in fig. 11-12, the heat-driven solution separation device progressively constrained under a centrifugal force field comprises a hollow spindle 1, two ends of the hollow spindle 1 are respectively provided with a support bearing 2, one end of the hollow spindle 1 is provided with a transmission wheel 3, the hollow spindle 1 can be connected with the transmission wheel 3 through a motor to be driven to rotate, two ends of the hollow spindle 1 are respectively provided with a heat-exchange liquid inlet 11 and a heat-exchange liquid outlet 12, and the heat-exchange liquid inlet and the heat-exchange liquid outlet are respectively communicated with a heat-exchange liquid pipeline 13 through a shaft seal 100. The hollow part of the hollow spindle 1 may be filled with a heat exchange liquid, and in this embodiment, the heat exchange liquid may flow in a direction shown by a dotted line in the figure, for example, from top to bottom.
A rotating drum 4 capable of rotating along with the hollow main shaft 1 is arranged on the outer side of the hollow main shaft 1, heat exchange liquid channels 5 are uniformly distributed in the rotating drum 4 along the axial direction, as shown in fig. 11, the heat exchange liquid channels 5 can be arranged in a divergent manner from the hollow main shaft 1 to the circumferential direction of the rotating drum 4, and the heat exchange liquid channels 5 are communicated with the hollow main shaft 1 inside, so that heat exchange liquid can flow from the hollow main shaft 1 along the heat exchange liquid channels as shown by dotted lines in fig. 11, and heat is transferred (heat exchange) to other positions in the rotating drum 4. The drum 4 is provided at both ends with a solution outlet 41 and a solution inlet 42, respectively, which are introduced in the opposite direction to the heat exchange liquid for better heat exchange, as shown in fig. 12. The solution inlet 41 and the solution outlet 42 are respectively connected with a solution inlet pipeline 43 and a solution outlet pipeline 44 through a shaft seal 100.
In the rotary drum 4, a progressive restraint unit 6 is arranged between adjacent heat exchange liquid channels 5, the progressive restraint unit comprises a flexible porous material and a heat conduction shell, the heat conduction shell can be made into a thin shell layer by adopting a sealed material with better heat conductivity, such as a metal or nonmetal closed heat conduction material, and wraps the flexible porous material, the heat conduction shell is arranged at the outer side of the flexible porous material, but a gap is reserved between the water molecule inlet and the pure water outlet, the flexible porous material is used for carrying out progressive restraint on the water molecules, the flexible porous material can be a semi-transparent porous material capable of allowing the water molecules to pass through, and the flexible porous material is internally provided with the material or structure capable of restraining or adsorbing the water molecules, and the material or structure is fixed in the flexible porous material according to a certain hierarchical sequence, in order to adapt to pressure changes at different radius positions, a flexible material is selected preferably, and due to heat exchange needs and avoidance of liquid exchange at other positions of the progressive restraint unit, the progressive restraint unit can be integrally in a fan-shaped block shape (the two radial ends of the progressive restraint unit are not wrapped) after the outer part of the flexible porous material is wrapped by a heat-conducting outer shell, so that the porous material is arranged in the outer shell, and heat exchange liquid flows through the outer shell to provide necessary heat energy for the separation process.
Specifically, the gradual constraint separation structure may be made of a flexible porous material, and the size of pores of the flexible porous material is sufficient to allow water molecules to pass through and not allow solute molecules in the solution to pass through, so that when the solution passes through, only water molecules can enter the flexible porous material, and under a pressure state, the solution is in a saturated state, and at the moment, the water molecules are in an unbound state, so that when the saturated solution passes through, the flexible porous material can allow unbound water molecules to enter, but block the solute molecules, and primary separation is achieved. In the utility model, the solutions with different concentrations are in a saturated state at the same temperature by different pressures generated by centrifugal force at different radius positions, therefore, the corresponding pressure can be obtained by adjusting different rotating speeds or radius sizes to adapt to a specific temperature, such as room temperature, therefore, the heat required in the utility model can be directly obtained from the normal temperature environment without other energy consumption. A material or structure capable of adsorbing or fixing water molecules, such as a super absorbent resin material, may be provided in the flexible porous material, and appropriate hydrophilic groups are cross-linked in the resin to form an equivalent adsorption state with water molecules, thereby confining the water molecules. The constraint of water molecules in an unbound state is realized, and the water molecules are prevented from being gasified, so that the water molecules are prevented from being converted from a liquid state to a gaseous state, the water molecules are directly separated in a saturated state, and the energy consumption during gasification is avoided. And moreover, a plurality of levels of constraint structures are arranged in the flexible porous material along the direction of the centrifugal force, water molecules are respectively constrained (adsorbed) at different radius positions (namely under different pressures) along the direction of the centrifugal force, and in an optimal state, the constraint structure of the next level can constrain the water molecules which cannot be constrained in the previous level, so that progressive constraint on the water molecules is formed until the water molecules are aggregated to form a pure water state and then are discharged.
Further, as shown in fig. 11, the progressive restraint unit 6 is provided with a rigid supporting semi-permeable membrane structure 7 on the inner side in the radial direction of the drum 4 based on the aforementioned pressure adjustment, a solution passage 8 is formed in the space between the inner side of the rigid supporting semi-permeable membrane structure 7 and the hollow main shaft 1, and the rigid supporting semi-permeable membrane structure 7 may be provided with membrane holes capable of allowing water molecules to pass therethrough as shown in fig. 8 and 10.
Furthermore, the progressive confinement units 6 are arranged in layers, and since the concentration of the solution is gradually increased in the whole separation process, as shown in fig. 9, when the solution flows through the plurality of metal-coated porous materials along the axial direction, each block needs to be increased by a proper size towards the axial direction so as to adapt to the proper P shown in fig. 10 under different concentrations1The value is obtained.
With the above structure of the present invention, the solution to be separated or purified can enter the drum 4 from the solution inlet 41, be separated by the progressive restriction unit 6, and then be discharged from the solution outlet 42, and accordingly, a water outlet 45 is provided on the outer wall of the drum 4 near the solution outlet, the water outlet 45 is internally communicated with the progressive restriction unit 6 for receiving the pure water separated by the progressive restriction unit 6, and the water outlet 45 is externally connected with a water discharge pipe 46 for discharging the pure water separated by the progressive restriction unit 6.
The features of the above-mentioned embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the above-mentioned embodiments are not described, but should be construed as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express one or several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of protection. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The thermal driving solution separation device is characterized by comprising a main shaft, wherein the main shaft can be driven to rotate, and a rotary drum which can rotate along with the main shaft is arranged on the outer side of the main shaft;
at least one progressive restraint unit is uniformly distributed in the rotary drum along the axial direction, the rotary drum comprises a solution inlet and a solution outlet, and the solution enters the rotary drum from the solution inlet, is separated or purified by the progressive restraint unit and is discharged from the solution outlet;
the drum is provided with a water outlet which is communicated with the progressive restraint unit.
2. The thermally driven solution separation device of claim 1, wherein the progressive confinement unit comprises a confinement unit main body and a heat conducting shell, the heat conducting shell is wrapped outside the confinement unit main body, the confinement unit main body is provided with a water molecule inlet and a water molecule outlet, and the heat conducting shell is left empty at the side where the water molecule inlet and the water molecule outlet are located.
3. The thermally driven solution separation device of claim 2 in which the progressive confinement units are generally in the shape of a sector of a block.
4. The thermally driven solution separation device of claim 2 in which the progressive confinement unit is provided with a rigid supporting semi-permeable membrane structure at the water molecule inlet capable of allowing the water molecules to pass through and blocking solute molecules in the solution.
5. The thermally driven solution separation device progressively constrained under a centrifugal force field according to claim 4, wherein the constraining unit main body is made of a flexible porous material, a plurality of constraining structures capable of constraining water molecules are arranged in the constraining unit main body, the plurality of constraining structures are sequentially arranged along a centrifugal force direction, and a next constraining structure can constrain water molecules released by a previous constraining structure.
6. A thermally driven solution separation device with progressive confinement under a centrifugal force field as in claim 1 or 2 wherein the progressive confinement units are arranged in layers and increase in size in the direction of the axis sequentially along the flow direction of the solution.
7. The progressively constrained thermally driven solution separation device under a centrifugal force field of claim 1, wherein the main shaft is a hollow structure, and both ends of the main shaft are respectively provided with a heat exchange liquid inlet and a heat exchange liquid outlet, and the heat exchange liquid inlet and the heat exchange liquid outlet are respectively communicated with a heat exchange liquid pipeline through a shaft seal.
8. The progressively constrained thermally driven solution separation device under centrifugal force field of claim 7, wherein the bowl has solution outlets and solution inlets at opposite ends, respectively, and wherein the solution is introduced in a direction opposite to the heat exchange fluid.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the solution inlet and the solution outlet are connected to the solution inlet and the solution outlet by shaft seals, respectively.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the spindle has support bearings at both ends, and a driving wheel is provided at one end of the spindle for transmitting power to the spindle.
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| PCT/CN2022/071532 WO2022156571A1 (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2022-01-12 | Constraint-type solution separation method and apparatus under centrifugal force field, and application thereof in single-reservoir heat engines and uncompensated cooling |
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| CN202011217990 | 2020-11-04 | ||
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| CN210021754U (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-02-07 | 陈才 | Heat source tower solution centrifugal concentration device |
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| CN113149129A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-07-23 | 张学文 | Thermal driving solution separation method and device with progressive constraint under centrifugal force field |
| CN113154717A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-07-23 | 张学文 | Uncompensated absorption refrigeration cycle method |
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