CN216351848U - Relay module convenient for forming meshed controllable circuit and meshed controllable circuit - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of circuit control, and discloses a relay module and a mesh controllable circuit which are convenient to form the mesh controllable circuit, wherein the relay module comprises: the relay comprises at least two universal relays, wherein a common trunk circuit exists between contacts of the universal relays; the microcontroller receives the instruction and controls the on-off of the specific general relay according to the instruction; the universal relay and the microcontroller are mounted on the printed circuit board; the module shell encapsulates other parts of the relay module inside, and is reserved with a circuit joint, a power supply port and a signal input port which are required by the normal work of the relay module; the mesh-shaped controllable circuit with the advantages of low complexity, neat appearance, simple wiring, high modularization degree, small number of occupied IO ports, convenience for development, maintenance and transplantation of embedded software and the like can be realized on the basis of the hardware of the existing relay.

Description

Relay module convenient for forming meshed controllable circuit and meshed controllable circuit

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of circuit control, in particular to a relay module and a mesh controllable circuit which are convenient to form the mesh controllable circuit.

Background

A relay, as an electrically controlled switch, is composed of a single or multiple control signals and a series of operating terminals, and is the most basic and common device in modern electronic circuits. Common general relays, power relays, automobile relays or new energy relays aiming at controlling the on-off of a large current circuit are mostly of single-pole single-throw type, namely, the state of a large current loop is controlled through a weak current signal. If the relay is supposed to realize the control of the switching of the state of the complex circuit, a plurality of independent relays are needed to be combined together, each relay needs an additional and independent power supply line and signal line besides the wiring in the circuit, the wiring harness is complex, and the complexity of the circuit is increased. If the embedded software is applied to an embedded system, too many relays occupy a large number of IO ports of the microcontroller, and the IO ports are accompanied by complex bottom-layer logic of the microcontroller, so that the development, maintenance and transplantation difficulty of the embedded software is increased.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a relay module and a mesh-like controllable circuit that are convenient to form a mesh-like controllable circuit.

In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

a relay module convenient for forming a network controllable circuit comprises a microcontroller chip, a universal relay, a printed circuit board and other elements, a module shell and necessary leads.

The microcontroller is a control center of a single relay module and is responsible for receiving an instruction of the upper computer and controlling the corresponding IO port to output a high level or a low level according to the instruction content, so that the general relay corresponding to the IO port is controlled to be switched on or switched off. The mode of receiving the upper computer instruction by the microcontroller can be 485 serial port communication based on a ModBus communication protocol, or other communication protocols and communication modes based on the same or similar logics.

The universal relay is a relay model which is commonly circulated in the market, can be easily purchased and meets the use requirements of circuit designers. The switching voltage, the rated value of the contact current, the coil voltage, the current, the resistance, the relay size and the installation mode of the relay used should meet the use requirements of circuit designers. The general relays in the same relay module are not completely independent from each other, and in order to form a network controllable circuit, the general relay contacts in the same relay module have a common trunk.

The printed circuit board and other elements are on-board circuits and basic electronic components required for the normal operation of the whole relay module, such as a necessary pull-up resistor, a voltage dividing resistor, a filter capacitor and the like; the microcontroller and the universal relay are welded on the printed circuit board in a soldering mode or are inserted on the printed circuit board in a plug-in terminal mode, and the microcontroller and the universal relay and other elements form a circuit module capable of realizing a preset function.

The module shell is used for packaging the microcontroller, the universal relay, the printed circuit board and other elements, protecting the microcontroller, the universal relay, the printed circuit board and other elements from being damaged by external physical impact, dust and water immersion, providing a friendly appearance, and reserving a circuit joint, a power supply port and a signal input port which are required by the normal work of the relay module.

The relay module forms a network controllable circuit and also needs a lead; the lead is a power supply line led out from the printed circuit board through a terminal, a circuit interface line required by a network controllable circuit formed by the lead and other relay modules, and a signal line communicated with an upper computer.

The relay module can simply form a netlike controllable circuit, thereby greatly simplifying the complexity of the circuit.

Supposing that a universal relay used for forming a network controllable circuit needs 1 group of power supply lines, 1 group of signal lines and 2 circuit interface lines; in the prior art, if a 3 × 3 mesh controllable circuit is implemented by using such a general-purpose relay (i.e., circuit interfaces are arranged in three horizontal three rows), at least 36 wiring lines are required to occupy 9 IO ports of an embedded system MCU, and if 1 row of general-purpose relays (3 × 4) are additionally required to be added due to a temporary increase in demand, at least 12 additional lines are required to be added, and then 3 IO ports are additionally occupied, thereby increasing the bottom layer drive of newly enabled IO ports.

If the relay module and the mesh-shaped controllable circuit are constructed by the scheme of the utility model, the complexity of the circuit can be greatly reduced, and the specific mode is as follows: constitute 1 relay module with 3 general type relays on every row, the circuit that every module need be drawn contains 1 mains operated line (Vcc, GND), 1 group signal line (485A, 485B), 6 circuit interface lines, totally 10 lines, then constitute 3 x 3's netted controllable circuit and need 27 wiring altogether, occupy 2 IO mouths altogether of embedded system MCU, even need to increase 1 general type relay on row more because of increase demand temporarily, only increase 1 relay module can, can not increase the quantity that occupies of IO mouth again in the aspect of MCU, also need not to increase new bottom drive, control newly-increased relay module with serial ports addressing's mode.

When the module is used, the upper computer sends a signal for controlling the opening or closing of a certain universal relay to each node in a broadcasting mode, the microcontroller chip of the relay module at the corresponding position responds to the command, and the function of controlling the on-off of the universal relay is realized by controlling the level of the IO port corresponding to the universal relay.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial technical effects that:

the utility model provides a relay module convenient for forming a mesh-shaped controllable circuit, which can realize the mesh-shaped controllable circuit with the advantages of low complexity, neat appearance, simple wiring, high modularization degree, small number of occupied IO ports, convenience for development, maintenance and transplantation of embedded software and the like on the basis of the hardware of the conventional relay, and meets the requirement on state switching of the complex circuit.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a relay module (1 × N type relay module) in the present invention;

fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a mesh controllable circuit composed of relay modules according to the present invention (for example, a mesh controllable circuit of 3 × 3 scale, a relay module is of 1 × 3 type);

fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a simple circuit of a mesh controllable circuit composed of relay modules according to the present invention (for example, a mesh controllable circuit of 3 × 3 scale, a relay module is of a 1 × 3 type);

fig. 4 is an appearance model diagram of a relay module according to the present invention (as an example, a 1 × 3 type relay module);

fig. 5 is an internal model diagram of a relay module according to the present invention (as an example, a 1 × 3 type relay module);

fig. 6 is a model diagram of a mesh-like controllable circuit composed of relay modules according to the present invention (for example, a 3 × 3 mesh-like controllable circuit, a relay module is of a 1 × 3 type);

fig. 7 is a model diagram of a mesh-like controllable circuit composed of relay modules according to the present invention (for example, a 3 × 3 mesh-like controllable circuit, a relay module is of a 1 × 3 type);

fig. 8 is a circuit diagram (as exemplified by a 1 × 3 type relay module) that can be implemented by the relay module in the present invention.

Detailed Description

A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The utility model provides a relay module convenient for forming a netlike controllable circuit, which comprises a microcontroller chip, a universal relay 3, a printed circuit board 4 and other elements, a circuit connector 2 and a module shell 1, wherein a lead is also needed if the netlike controllable circuit is required to be formed.

Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a relay module of the present invention, showing a 1 × N type relay module constituted by N general-purpose relays 3, and an N × M-scale mesh-like controllable circuit can be constituted by M1 × N type relay modules.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a 3X 3-scale mesh controllable circuit formed by relay modules according to the present invention; for example, 3 general relays 3 are used as a group to form a relay module, and in order to completely control each relay module, 1 group of power supply lines (Vcc, GND), 1 group of signal lines (485A, 485B), 1 longitudinal trunk lead and 3 transverse trunk leads (3 circuit connectors 2 are reserved on the left side and the right side). In an actual product, the transverse trunk line is not a continuous line, but consists of a relay internal line, a circuit connector 2 and a circuit interface line. In an RS-485 communication mode, signal lines can be 485A and 485B, and are hung on a signal bus of an upper computer with other relay modules in a slave mode, no matter how many relay modules (up to 128) are hung, only 2 IO ports of the upper computer need to be occupied, and therefore the number of the IO ports of the upper computer occupied by the relays can be greatly reduced in the mode. It is worth mentioning that 3 relays in a column share 1 longitudinal wire, and are respectively positioned on 3 different transverse wires, and the joints on the left side and the right side are convenient to form a network controllable circuit with other relay modules.

Fig. 3 is a simplified circuit schematic of a 3 x 3 scale mesh-type controllable circuit, the end connection points of the longitudinal trunk conductors and the transverse trunk conductors being referred to as terminals. From right to left in fig. 3, the terminals of each longitudinal trunk lead are named by letters in sequence, and are called letter terminals; from top to bottom, the terminals of each transverse trunk conductor are designated by a number in turn, called numeric terminals. The 3 × 3-scale mesh controllable circuit in fig. 3 can realize mutual connection of any two or more terminals (a digital terminal and a letter terminal), if the connection of a-3 is required, namely the connection of the letter terminal a and the digital terminal 3 is required, the upper computer can send an instruction through a serial port, after the leftmost relay module in fig. 2 receives the instruction according to the address of the leftmost relay module, the connection of a-3 can be realized by closing a general relay with the control number of 3, and the rest connection modes are analogized.

The microcontroller chip is fixed on the printed circuit board 4 in a soldering mode and forms a complete circuit with other elements and conducting wires; the universal relay 3 is selected according to actual circuit parameters and can be directly fixed on the printed circuit board 4 through soldering or inserted on the printed circuit board 4 through terminals; the microcontroller, the general relay 3, the printed circuit board 4 and other components are encapsulated and protected by the module housing 1, leaving only the mains supply lines, the signal lines, and the circuit connections 2 required for forming the network.

Fig. 4 is an external model view of a 1 × 3 relay module, and fig. 5 is an internal model view of the 1 × 3 relay module; in order to facilitate the control and debugging of each relay in the relay module, a main switch is added in the module, and a small-sized LED indicator lamp 5 is arranged beside each relay to prompt the working state (attraction or disconnection) of the relay and assist in debugging and overhauling the relay module; the quick-plug relay can be selected for use, the relay can be quickly replaced through the plug after power failure, the PCB relay can be certainly utilized, the relay is welded on the printed circuit board 4, and the universal relay can also be in other installation modes.

Fig. 6 and 7 show model diagrams of 3 × 3 scale mesh controllable circuits formed by relay modules, which are connected through plug-in terminals, and the networking mode is simple and convenient. Besides the net-shaped controllable circuits shown in fig. 6 and 7, the relay module can also be used for basically controlling the on-off of a plurality of circuits, and easily realizing the connection or the off-off of a plurality of ports under a high-current environment.

Fig. 8 provides a specific circuit implementable embodiment of a 1 x 3 type relay module in the form of a schematic circuit diagram. The microcontroller chip adopts an STM32G030F6P6 with 20 pins in total, and the 2-path USART supports master-slave mode synchronous SPI; the general relay 3 is a three-friend SEF-20 quick plug type, the rated load current of the general relay is 20A, the maximum switching voltage is 450VDC, the maximum switching power is 13.5kW, the rated voltage of a coil is 12VDC, and the resistance of the coil is about 55.4 omega.

The utility model designs and explains the relay module and the mesh controllable circuit which are convenient to form the mesh controllable circuit in the technical specification and the form of the attached drawings, specifically, a 1 × 3 type relay module and a 3 × 3 scale mesh controllable circuit which is formed are taken as examples, other types and paths of relay modules or other scales of mesh controllable circuits which are formed by the relay modules can be analogized by referring to the organization mode shown in the examples, and similar circuit structure organization and design mode which extend under the guidance or the development of the utility model also fall into the protection scope of the utility model.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (5)

1. A relay module for facilitating formation of a mesh-like controllable circuit, comprising:

the relay comprises at least two universal relays, wherein a common trunk circuit exists between contacts of the universal relays;

the microcontroller receives the instruction and controls the on-off of the specific general relay according to the instruction;

the universal relay and the microcontroller are mounted on the printed circuit board;

and the module shell encapsulates other parts of the relay module inside, and is reserved with a circuit joint, a power supply port and a signal input port which are required by the normal work of the relay module.

2. The relay module as recited in claim 1, wherein the relay module is configured to facilitate the formation of a network-like controllable circuit: the LED indicating lamp is arranged beside each general relay and used for prompting the working state of the general relay.

3. The relay module as recited in claim 1, wherein the relay module is configured to facilitate the formation of a network-like controllable circuit: the general relay is a quick-plug relay or a PCB relay.

4. A mesh controllable circuit, characterized by: comprises thatAt least two relay modules according to any one of claims 1-3; the number N of the universal relays in each relay module is the same, and a number set A ═ a exists₁,a₂,…,a_NNumbering each universal relay in each relay module by using one element in the set A; the two contacts of the universal relay are respectively a first contact and a second contact; the first contacts of all the general relays in the relay module are connected through a public trunk, and the second contacts of the general relays with the same number in other relay modules are connected through N different public trunks.

5. The mesh controllable circuit of claim 4, wherein: the system comprises a signal bus connected with an upper computer and a plurality of signal lines; each relay module corresponds to one signal wire; one end of the signal wire is connected with the signal input port of the relay module, and the other end of the signal wire is connected with the signal bus; the interconnection or disconnection of any two or more circuit connectors can be realized by controlling the relay modules constituting the mesh circuit and the general-purpose relays in the relay modules.

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