CN216348796U - Lithium ion battery fire hazard characteristic testing device - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery fire hazard characteristic testing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN216348796U CN216348796U CN202122259113.1U CN202122259113U CN216348796U CN 216348796 U CN216348796 U CN 216348796U CN 202122259113 U CN202122259113 U CN 202122259113U CN 216348796 U CN216348796 U CN 216348796U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a lithium ion battery fire hazard characteristic testing device which comprises a testing cabin, a fire extinguishing assembly, a control assembly and a detection assembly, wherein the testing cabin is provided with a fire extinguishing opening; the detection device is arranged in the test chamber, the fire extinguishing assembly is connected with the test chamber connector, and the control assembly is respectively connected with the fire extinguishing assembly and the detection assembly; the fire extinguishing assembly comprises a fire extinguishing tank, a fire detection pipe, a fire extinguishing pipe and a fire extinguishing nozzle; the fire extinguishing tank is arranged outside the test cabin, a first through hole for the fire detecting pipe to pass through is formed in the side wall of the test cabin, and a second through hole for the fire extinguishing pipe to pass through is formed in the top of the side of the test cabin; the fire detection pipe penetrates through the side wall of the test chamber through the first through hole and extends to the center of the test chamber, and the fire extinguishing pipe penetrates through the second through hole and extends to the center of the test chamber; the fire detection pipe and the fire extinguishing nozzle are connected with the control assembly.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of battery testing, in particular to a device for testing fire characteristics of a lithium ion battery.
Background
Under the requirements of carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization, the trend of adopting multi-electric/full-electric airplanes for civil aircrafts is already in progress. The lithium ion battery is widely commercialized as an energy storage device, and has good application prospect in the field of all-electric/multi-electric airplanes due to the characteristics of high energy density and no memory.
In the process that the lithium ion battery is used for a full-electric/multi-airplane power battery, the energy density of the conventional lithium ion battery needs to be further improved on the basis of 300 W.h/kg. However, since the safety factor and the energy density of the lithium ion battery have a negative correlation, the safety performance of the lithium ion battery is an important issue for the application of the lithium ion battery to all-electric/multi-electric aircraft. In the face of the rapid development of full-electric/multi-electric airplanes, the power lithium ion battery is widely applied to the aviation industry, and the research on a lithium ion battery thermal disaster multi-parameter coupling model, the design and the development of an onboard power battery thermal disaster early warning and fire suppression and extinguishing system have important significance on the safety, the economy and the environmental protection of the airplanes.
The method is characterized in that a set of high-reliability early warning and fire suppression and extinguishing system is designed by combining the research result of the thermal disaster of the lithium ion battery at the present stage and researching the key technologies of prediction of the thermal disaster of the lithium ion battery, protection of the sub-safety state and fire suppression and extinguishing of the lithium ion battery according to a multi-parameter coupling model of the thermal disaster of the lithium ion battery.
Under the background that the lithium ion battery is widely applied in the aviation industry, higher requirements are put forward on the research of the aviation power lithium ion battery. However, the higher the energy density of the lithium ion battery, the greater the probability of thermal damage. The thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery often causes fire and even explosion, thereby causing great potential safety hazard. Therefore, an intelligent detection and fire extinguishing system capable of solving thermal disasters of the airborne lithium ion battery is urgently needed at present, and the safety of the aviation power lithium ion battery in the actual application process is guaranteed;
in prior art, as application No. 2020103301877 discloses a lithium ion battery fire behavior testing arrangement, the device main part includes the experimental box, and extinguishing device, fume extractor are installed to the outer top of experimental box, and the front portion of experimental box is equipped with the sliding door, is equipped with the observation window on the sliding door, and the bottom of experimental box is equipped with bracing piece and universal wheel, and heating device is installed at the top in the experimental box, and heating device and extinguishing device all link to each other with measurement and control device. An electronic balance is placed at the bottom in the experiment box, a fireproof plate is placed on the electronic balance, and a fixing device is placed on the fireproof plate.
The prior art has the following problems:
1. the method comprises the following steps of detecting single gas, wherein only CO is used as the only detected gas, when the concentration value of the gas detected by the CO detector exceeds a preset threshold value, a signal processor starts a bottle head valve, and a fire extinguishing agent is sprayed out through a spray head to extinguish fire;
2. only the burning explosion characteristics of the lithium battery under normal pressure are concerned, and how to measure the burning explosion characteristics under low pressure is not considered. With the development of full-electric aircrafts, lithium ion batteries are widely commercialized as energy storage equipment, and have good application prospects in the field of full-electric/multi-electric aircrafts due to the characteristics of high energy density and no memory, but how to measure the explosion characteristics of the lithium ion batteries under low air pressure is not considered by the device;
3. the fire extinguishing agent can not suppress and extinguish lithium battery fire with low toxicity and high efficiency. The expression "fire extinguishing agent can be heptafluoropropane or fire extinguishing agent such as CO 2" in the set of equipment. In specific experiments, however, heptafluoropropane is not recommended to be used in a closed small space due to strong toxicity; because after release, the re-ignition phenomenon occurs, the gas fire extinguishing agent is not recommended to be used as a fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing lithium battery fires, and therefore, the fire extinguishing agent cannot effectively extinguish lithium battery fires;
4. and no heat insulation environment is constructed, so that the energy of the battery explosion in the whole experimental process cannot be measured, and the fire explosion characteristic of the battery can be further extracted. If the experiment chamber is an open space, namely the experiment chamber with good heat insulation performance is not made, the obtained explosion parameters such as heat, temperature and the like in the experiment chamber cannot represent the explosion characteristics of the universal lithium battery.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Aiming at the problems, the scheme provides a device for testing the fire hazard characteristics of the lithium ion battery; the problem of among the prior art when detecting lithium cell fire hazard characteristic, detect gaseous unit, the security performance is low is solved.
The scheme is realized as follows:
a lithium ion battery fire characteristic testing device comprises a testing cabin, a fire extinguishing assembly, a control assembly and a detection assembly; the detection device is arranged in the test chamber, the fire extinguishing assembly is connected with the test chamber connector, and the control assembly is respectively connected with the fire extinguishing assembly and the detection assembly; the fire extinguishing assembly comprises a fire extinguishing tank, a fire detection pipe, a fire extinguishing pipe and a fire extinguishing nozzle; the fire extinguishing tank is arranged outside the test cabin, a first through hole for the fire detecting pipe to pass through is formed in the side wall of the test cabin, and a second through hole for the fire extinguishing pipe to pass through is formed in the top of the side of the test cabin; the fire detection pipe penetrates through the side wall of the test chamber through the first through hole and extends to the center of the test chamber, and the fire extinguishing pipe penetrates through the second through hole and extends to the center of the test chamber; the fire detection pipe and the fire extinguishing nozzle are connected with the control assembly.
Based on the structure of the lithium ion battery fire characteristic testing device, the detection component comprises a temperature detector and a smoke detector; the temperature detector and the smoke detector are uniformly arranged in the test chamber respectively.
Based on the structure of the lithium ion battery fire characteristic testing device, the smoke detector comprises a CO concentration detector and an H concentration detector2A concentration detector.
Based on the structure of the lithium ion battery fire characteristic testing device, the temperature detector and the smoke detector are both connected with the control component.
Based on the structure of the lithium ion battery fire characteristic testing device, the testing cabin comprises a pressure release valve, an observation window, a cabin door and a test bed; the test bench sets up the below at the fire extinguisher, the battery module that awaits measuring is placed on the test bench, the relief valve sets up in test cabin top position, observation window and hatch door set up respectively on the different lateral walls in test cabin.
Based on the structure of the lithium ion battery fire characteristic testing device, the testing cabin further comprises heating components, and the heating components are arranged on two sides of the testing platform.
Based on the structure of the lithium ion battery fire behavior testing device, in other embodiments, a plurality of observation windows may be provided.
Based on the structure of the lithium ion battery fire characteristic testing device, the fire extinguishing tank adopts perfluorohexanone as a main fire extinguishing agent.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the utility model, signals can be accurately fused among the monitoring, early warning and fire suppression modules, a plurality of sensors acquire data signals of temperature, internal resistance, voltage, gas, smoke and the like of the lithium ion battery in real time, and the data signals are subjected to signal processing to obtain accurate characteristic parameters, transmitted to the control assembly, judged for the state of the lithium ion battery and fed back to the fire suppression assembly at the final stage; the system operation depends on multi-parameter coupling, and the overall reliability of the system is improved.
2. According to the testing device, each functional module autonomously and orderly executes corresponding functional instructions under the control of the logic algorithm of the main control unit according to the acquired real-time characteristic data, so that the integrated linkage among the early warning module, the protection module and the fire extinguishing module is realized; when a lithium ion battery thermal disaster occurs, a fire extinguishing signal is generated through monitoring of the real-time module and fed back to the fire extinguishing agent spraying module, and the requirement of quick and intelligent fire extinguishing can be met.
3. The utility model adopts the perfluorohexanone as the main fire extinguishing agent, can carry out high-efficiency fire extinguishing aiming at the fire of the lithium battery, and does not have the re-combustion phenomenon later. The perfluorohexanone is an important substitute of a halon fire extinguishing agent, is a high-efficiency clean gas fire extinguishing agent, and has excellent environmental protection performance. As a long-term and durable alternative to halon extinguishants, hydrofluorocarbons and perfluors, perfluorohexanone has been accepted, approved and widely used by the International fire department. The system has the characteristics of low fire extinguishing concentration, high fire extinguishing efficiency, high safety coefficient, non-conductivity, no residue and the like, and is suitable for fire places which are not suitable for putting out fire by other fire extinguishing agents and cannot have large secondary pollution after fire extinguishing, such as lithium ion battery fires, so that the perfluorohexanone is considered as the main fire extinguishing agent of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention as a whole;
in the figure: 1. a test chamber; 2. a fire extinguishing assembly; 3. a control component; 4. a detection component; 5. a battery module to be tested; 11. a pressure relief valve; 12. an observation window; 13. a cabin door; 14. a test bed; 15. a heating assembly; 21. a fire extinguishing tank; 22. a fire detection pipe; 23. fire extinguishing pipes; 24. a fire extinguishing nozzle; 41. a temperature detector; 42. a smoke detector.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Further, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution:
a lithium ion battery fire characteristic testing device comprises a testing cabin 1, a fire extinguishing assembly 2, a control assembly 3 and a detection assembly 4; the detection device is arranged in the test chamber 1, the fire extinguishing assembly 2 is connected with the test chamber 1, and the control assembly 3 is respectively connected with the fire extinguishing assembly 2 and the detection assembly 4;
based on above-mentioned structure, detect the gas that produces after 1 interior lithium cell burning of test cabin through detecting component 4 to detect data transfer and give control assembly 3, preset the threshold value in control assembly 3, when reaching the threshold value, control assembly 3 opens fire extinguishing assembly 2 and puts out a fire to the test cabin.
The fire extinguishing assembly 2 comprises a fire extinguishing tank 21, a fire detecting pipe 22, a fire extinguishing pipe 23 and a fire extinguishing nozzle 24; the fire extinguishing tank 21 is arranged outside the test chamber 1, a first through hole for the fire detecting pipe 22 to pass through is formed in the side wall of the test chamber 1, and a second through hole for the fire extinguishing pipe 23 to pass through is formed in the top of the side of the test chamber 1; the fire detecting pipe 22 passes through the side wall of the test chamber 1 through a first through hole and extends to the central position of the test chamber 1, and the fire extinguishing pipe 23 passes through a second through hole and extends to the central position of the test chamber 1; the fire probe pipe 22 and the fire extinguishing nozzle 24 are connected with the control component 3
Based on the arrangement, the fire detection pipe 22 is heated to 160 ℃ and can melt, so that a pressure signal is formed and transmitted to the control component 3, the control component 3 controls the fire extinguishing spray head 24 to be opened to extinguish fire in the test chamber 1, and when the detection component 4 breaks down, the fire detection pipe 22 can also provide secondary protection for the test chamber 1, namely, the fire detection pipe 22 is used for physically detecting the temperature, the detection component 4 is used for detecting the signal of the gas, and the double protection enables the test chamber 1 to be safer;
the detection assembly 4 comprises a temperature detector 41 and a smoke detector 42; the temperature detector 41 and the smoke detector 42 are respectively and uniformly arranged in the test chamber 1, and the smoke detector 42 comprises a CO concentration detector and an H concentration detector2A concentration detector;
based on the structure, the temperature in the test chamber 1 is detected by the temperature detector 41, and CO and H generated after the lithium battery is combusted are detected by the smoke detector 422Carrying out detection;
the temperature detector 41 and the smoke detector 42 are both providedConnected to the control unit 3 by setting temperature thresholds, CO and H in the control unit 32Concentration threshold of (3), CO concentration detector and H2The concentration detector detects the CO concentration and the H concentration2The concentration data is transmitted to the control module 3, the temperature detector 41 transmits the temperature data in the environment to the control module 3, and when the controller receives the temperature data, the CO concentration or the H concentration2When any data of the concentration exceeds the threshold value, the control component 3 opens the fire extinguishing spray head 24 to carry out fire extinguishing operation, and the safety in the test chamber 1 is ensured.
The test chamber 1 comprises a pressure release valve 11, an observation window 12, a chamber door 13, a test bed 14 and a heating assembly 15; the test bed 14 is arranged below the fire extinguisher, the battery module 5 to be tested is placed on the test bed, the heating assemblies 15 are arranged on two sides of the test bed 14, the pressure release valve 11 is arranged at the top of the test cabin 1, and the observation window 12 and the cabin door 13 are respectively arranged on different side walls of the test cabin 1;
based on the structure, the thermal runaway of the battery module 5 to be tested can be realized by adopting an overshoot or external heating mode according to the test requirement, so that the battery module is deformed, bulges, releases gas, sprays sparks and forms jet fire to finally cause explosion; the detection assembly 4 realizes the transmission of fire extinguishing signals by detecting the concentration of gas, and can observe the experiment in the test chamber 1 through the observation window 12;
the preset pressure relief value in the scheme is set to be 0.15MPa, and once the internal pressure value of the cabin body reaches a set value (0.15MPa), pressure relief is released so as to avoid danger.
In other embodiments, the observation window 12 may be provided in a plurality, and the test is observed at different angles.
Adopt perfluor hexanone as main fire extinguishing agent in jar 21 that goes out fire in this scheme, perfluor hexanone can carry out the high efficiency to put out a fire to lithium cell conflagration to the after phenomenon of reburning can not appear. The perfluorohexanone is an important substitute of a halon fire extinguishing agent, is a high-efficiency clean gas fire extinguishing agent, and has excellent environmental protection performance. As a long-term and durable alternative to halon extinguishants, hydrofluorocarbons and perfluors, perfluorohexanone has been accepted, approved and widely used by the International fire department. The system has the characteristics of low fire extinguishing concentration, high fire extinguishing efficiency, high safety coefficient, non-conductivity, no residue and the like, and is suitable for fire places which are not suitable for putting out fire by other fire extinguishing agents and cannot have large secondary pollution after fire extinguishing, such as lithium ion battery fires, so that the perfluorohexanone is considered as the main fire extinguishing agent of the system.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a lithium ion battery fire characteristic testing arrangement which characterized in that: the fire extinguishing device comprises a test cabin, a fire extinguishing assembly, a control assembly and a detection assembly; the detection device is arranged in the test cabin, the fire extinguishing assembly is connected with the test cabin, and the control assembly is respectively connected with the fire extinguishing assembly and the detection assembly; the fire extinguishing assembly comprises a fire extinguishing tank, a fire detection pipe, a fire extinguishing pipe and a fire extinguishing nozzle; the fire extinguishing tank is arranged outside the test cabin, a first through hole for the fire detecting pipe to pass through is formed in the side wall of the test cabin, and a second through hole for the fire extinguishing pipe to pass through is formed in the top of the side of the test cabin; the fire detection pipe penetrates through the side wall of the test chamber through the first through hole and extends to the center of the test chamber, and the fire extinguishing pipe penetrates through the second through hole and extends to the center of the test chamber; the fire detection pipe and the fire extinguishing nozzle are connected with the control assembly.
2. The lithium ion battery fire behavior testing device of claim 1, characterized in that: the detection component comprises a temperature detector and a smoke detector; the temperature detector and the smoke detector are uniformly arranged in the test chamber respectively.
3. The lithium ion battery fire behavior testing device of claim 2, characterized in that: the smoke detector comprises a CO concentration detector and H2A concentration detector.
4. The lithium ion battery fire behavior testing device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the temperature detector and the smoke detector are both connected with the control component.
5. The fire behavior testing device of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the test cabin comprises a pressure release valve, an observation window, a cabin door and a test bed; the test bench is arranged below the fire extinguisher, the pressure release valve is arranged at the top of the test cabin, and the observation window and the cabin door are respectively arranged on different side walls of the test cabin.
6. The lithium ion battery fire behavior testing device of claim 5, characterized in that: the test cabin also comprises heating components which are arranged on two sides of the test bed.
7. The lithium ion battery fire behavior testing device of claim 5, characterized in that: the observation window is provided in plurality.
8. The lithium ion battery fire behavior testing device of claim 5, characterized in that: the fire extinguishing tank adopts perfluorohexanone as a main fire extinguishing agent.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202122259113.1U CN216348796U (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2021-09-17 | Lithium ion battery fire hazard characteristic testing device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202122259113.1U CN216348796U (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2021-09-17 | Lithium ion battery fire hazard characteristic testing device |
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| CN216348796U true CN216348796U (en) | 2022-04-19 |
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| CN202122259113.1U Active CN216348796U (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2021-09-17 | Lithium ion battery fire hazard characteristic testing device |
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