CN216312672U - Protection circuit with lightning protection and half short circuit prevention functions and switching power supply thereof - Google Patents
Protection circuit with lightning protection and half short circuit prevention functions and switching power supply thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN216312672U CN216312672U CN202122835480.1U CN202122835480U CN216312672U CN 216312672 U CN216312672 U CN 216312672U CN 202122835480 U CN202122835480 U CN 202122835480U CN 216312672 U CN216312672 U CN 216312672U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a protection circuit with lightning protection and half-short circuit prevention functions and a switching power supply thereof, wherein the switching power supply comprises a protection circuit, a filter circuit, an absorption circuit, an auxiliary power supply circuit, a transformer, a control circuit and a filter rectification circuit; the protection circuit comprises a first protection module, a rectification module, an absorption module and a second protection module; the first protection module is used for accessing commercial power, inhibiting lightning stroke interference in the commercial power and obtaining a first alternating current signal; the rectification module is used for accessing a first alternating current signal and converting the first alternating current signal to obtain a first direct current signal; the absorption module is used for accessing the first direct current signal and absorbing spike voltage in the first direct current signal to obtain a second direct current signal; the second protection module is used for accessing the second direct current signal and outputting a third direct current signal; and when the power consumption generated by the second direct current signal flowing through the second protection module is more than or equal to twice of the rated power consumption of the second protection module, the output is closed.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of power supplies, in particular to a protection circuit with lightning protection and half-short circuit prevention functions.
Background
At present, the commercial power environment needs to supply power for industry and civil use, and is often influenced by uncertain factors such as bad weather, so that the problems of surge, high voltage breakthrough, transient overvoltage, voltage sag, noise disturbance, frequency drift and the like exist in the power grid, and thus, the voltage fluctuation of the AC power grid is caused, and various problems exist in the commercial power accessed to users.
In order to solve the above problems, people generally select a switching power supply to perform high-low voltage conversion on the mains supply accessed to a user, and in order to improve the stability of the switching power supply, the situation that the current generated by sudden change of the power grid surges into a rear-stage circuit is often suppressed by arranging components such as a resistance fuse, a current fuse, a first voltage dependent resistor and the like at the mains supply input end of the switching power supply. However, current fuses on the market are slow-break, and the current fuses cannot be fused under the condition of half short circuit due to lightning stroke resistance; the resistance fuse also needs to be provided with a thicker diameter because of the requirement of absorbing lightning surge energy, so that the resistance fuse cannot be fused under the condition that a rear-stage circuit is in a half short circuit, therefore, when a short-circuit current which is far larger than the rated current of the resistance fuse flows through the resistance fuse, the temperature of the resistance fuse can be continuously increased until a fuse shell burns to burn a circuit board, and a serious safety accident is caused.
In summary, the technical problem that the switching power supply in the prior art cannot simultaneously achieve lightning protection and half short circuit protection still needs to be further solved.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to overcome the defects or problems in the prior art and provide a protection circuit with lightning protection and half-short circuit prevention functions so as to solve the problem that a switching power supply cannot have the lightning protection and half-short circuit prevention functions at the same time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a protection circuit with lightning protection and half-short circuit prevention functions comprises a first protection module, a rectification module, an absorption module and a second protection module: the first protection module is used for accessing commercial power and inhibiting lightning stroke interference in the commercial power to obtain a first alternating current signal; the rectification module is used for accessing a first alternating current signal and converting the first alternating current signal to obtain a first direct current signal; the absorption module is used for accessing the first direct current signal and absorbing spike voltage in the first direct current signal to obtain a second direct current signal; the second protection module is used for accessing the second direct current signal and outputting a third direct current signal; and when the power consumption generated by the second direct current signal flowing through the second protection module is more than or equal to twice of the rated power consumption of the second protection module, the output is closed.
Further, the first protection module comprises a first fuse, a second fuse and a first piezoresistor; one end of the first fuse is connected with a live wire of a mains supply, and the other end of the first fuse outputs a first alternating current signal and is connected with one end of the first piezoresistor; the other end of the first piezoresistor is connected with a zero line of the commercial power and one end of the second fuse.
Further, the first fuse is a current fuse; the second fuse is a resistive fuse.
Furthermore, the rectifier module is a rectifier bridge; the rectifier bridge comprises a first end, a second end, a third end and a fourth end; the first end of the first fuse is connected with the other end of the first fuse; the second end of the first fuse is connected with the other end of the first fuse; the third end is grounded; and the fourth end outputs a first direct current signal.
Further, the absorption module comprises a first capacitor and a second capacitor; one end of the first capacitor is connected with the second end of the rectifier bridge, and the other end of the first capacitor outputs a second direct current signal; one end of the second capacitor is connected with the first end of the rectifier bridge, and the other end of the second capacitor is grounded.
Further, the absorption module further comprises a second piezoresistor; the second voltage dependent resistor is connected across the first capacitor and the second capacitor.
Further, the second protection module comprises a first resistor; one end of the first resistor is connected with the other end of the first capacitor, and the other end of the first resistor is used for outputting a third direct current signal.
A switching power supply comprises any one of the protection circuit, a control circuit and a flyback circuit; the flyback circuit is used for accessing a third direct current signal and converting the third direct current signal into a pulsating direct current signal according to the switching signal so as to obtain a fourth direct current signal at the output side of the transformer of the flyback circuit; the control circuit is used for adjusting the duty ratio according to a feedback signal of a feedback winding of the transformer and outputting a switching signal.
As can be seen from the above description of the present invention, the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:
1. the lightning stroke resistance and the stability of the front-end circuit are improved by arranging the first protection module, the rectifying module and the absorbing module in front of the second protection module; through setting up the mode that second protection module closes output when the produced consumption of the second direct current signal that flows through it is greater than its rated power consumption twice for when back-end circuit forms half short circuit because of certain components and parts are ageing or damage, even the circuit can be cut off under the circumstances of the anti thunderbolt ability of its front end circuit not influenced by second protection module, in order to avoid its circuit board to take place because of the potential safety hazard that the temperature is too high and catch fire.
The specific working principle is as follows: when the mains supply is connected into the first protection module, the first protection module can preliminarily suppress lightning stroke interference in the mains supply and output a first alternating current signal; when the first alternating current signal is input into the rectifying module, the rectifying module can convert the first alternating current signal into a first direct current signal; when the first direct current signal is input into the absorption module, the absorption module can absorb part of peak voltage in the rectification module so as to avoid breakdown of the withstand voltage of the rectification module due to overhigh peak voltage when lightning stroke interference occurs; therefore, when the second protection module is connected to the second direct current signal, the problem that the second protection module is damaged due to lightning stroke interference basically does not exist; in addition, because the fusing current of the fuse in the first protection module is usually twice of the rated current, the second protection module is set to be in a mode of closing the output when the power consumption generated by the second direct current signal flowing through the second protection module is more than twice of the rated power consumption of the second protection module, so that the instant reaction speed of the protection circuit to the half-short circuit condition can be improved, the potential safety hazard can be reduced, and the situation that the second protection module closes the output to influence the stability of the circuit under the condition that the half-short circuit does not occur in the circuit can be avoided.
2. The first protection module is arranged to comprise the first fuse, the second fuse and the first piezoresistor, so that the protection circuit can have high lightning stroke resistance.
3. The protection circuit can have high lightning protection capability by setting the first fuse as a current fuse and the second fuse as a resistance fuse; the specific working principle is as follows: because the current fuse is slowly broken, the current fuse can not be fused when the current fuse is interfered by lightning stroke and is not in a half short circuit condition; the resistance fuse can further absorb lightning surge energy on the basis of the current fuse, and in order to ensure the lightning resistance of the resistance fuse, the diameter of the resistance fuse is thicker, so the resistance fuse cannot be fused under the condition that a circuit is in a half short circuit; the arrangement of the first piezoresistor can further absorb the lightning stroke interference so as to avoid the lightning stroke surge current from flowing into the rear end.
4. By arranging the rectifier module as a rectifier bridge, the first alternating current signal can be converted into the first direct current signal, so that a basis is provided for the subsequent conversion into the pulsating direct current signal.
5. Through the mode that provides the concrete circuit structure who absorbs the module for first electric capacity and second electric capacity can carry out the part absorption at the rectifier bridge peak voltage that its diode switch produced when carrying out full-bridge rectification, in order to avoid the rectifier bridge to be punctured because of the peak voltage is too high when receiving the thunderbolt interference, and then influence the condition of circuit stability.
6. Through further setting up second piezo-resistor in absorbing the module to with second piezo-resistor bridging in the mode between first electric capacity and second electric capacity, make second piezo-resistor can further absorb the lightning stroke interference in the first direct current signal, in order to improve anti lightning stroke ability and the stability of circuit.
7. Through the mode that sets up the second protection module as first resistance for even the circuit can be cut off under the circumstances that does not influence the anti thunderbolt ability of its front end circuit to the second protection module, takes place because of the potential safety hazard that the temperature is too high and fire. The specific working principle is as follows: the rated power consumption of the first resistor is small, so that the first resistor is very small compared with the whole circuit; therefore, even if the first resistor is blown due to the fact that the power consumption of the first resistor caused by the second direct current signal flowing through the first resistor is larger than twice of the rated power consumption of the first resistor, the blown energy is very small, and the risk of fire of a fuse shell or a circuit board cannot be caused; the second resistor has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and high instantaneous response speed, and is favorable for mass production and use of circuits.
8. By arranging the protection circuit in the switching power supply, the switching power supply can have better lightning stroke resistance and can also pass through a half short circuit function; therefore, the arrangement is advantageous in improving the safety and stability of the product.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a flyback circuit and a control circuit of a switching power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are presently preferred embodiments of the utility model and are not to be taken as an exclusion of other embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the claims, the specification and the drawings of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly limited, the terms "first", "second" or "third", etc. are used for distinguishing between different items and not for describing a particular sequence.
In the claims, the specification and the drawings of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly limited, all directional or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center," "lateral," "longitudinal," "horizontal," "vertical," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," and the like are based on the directional or positional relationships indicated in the drawings and are used for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element so indicated must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
In the claims, the description and the drawings of the present application, unless otherwise expressly limited, the terms "fixedly connected" or "fixedly connected" should be interpreted broadly, that is, any connection between the two that does not have a relative rotational or translational relationship, that is, non-detachably fixed, integrally connected, and fixedly connected by other devices or elements.
In the claims, the specification and the drawings of the present invention, the terms "including", "having" and their variants, if used, are intended to be inclusive and not limiting.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the utility model discloses a circuit with lightning protection and half-short circuit protection functions and a switching power supply thereof. The switching power supply comprises a protection circuit, a control circuit and a flyback circuit.
As shown in fig. 1, the protection circuit includes a first protection module, a rectifying module, an absorbing module, and a second protection module.
The first protection module is used for accessing commercial power and inhibiting lightning stroke interference in the commercial power to obtain a first alternating current signal; in an embodiment of the utility model, the first protection module comprises a first fuse F1, a second fuse F2 and a first varistor MOV 1.
One end of the first fuse F1 is connected to the live wire of the commercial power, and the other end of the first fuse F1 outputs a first alternating current signal and is connected to one end of the first voltage dependent resistor MOV 1; the other end of the first piezoresistor MOV1 is connected with the zero line of the commercial power and one end of a second fuse F2; in the embodiment of the present invention, the first fuse F1 is a current fuse, and the second fuse F2 is a resistance fuse; the arrangement enables the switching power supply to have better lightning stroke resistance so as to improve the stability of the switching power supply; in other embodiments, the second fuse F2 may be replaced by other devices with resistance characteristics, such as a thermistor; the first fuse F1 may also be replaced with a resistive fuse.
The rectification module is used for accessing a first alternating current signal and converting the first alternating current signal to obtain a first direct current signal; in the embodiment of the present invention, the rectifier module is a rectifier bridge DB1, and the rectifier bridge DB1 is composed of four diodes connected end to end.
The rectifier bridge DB1 comprises a first end, a second end, a third end and a fourth end, wherein the first end is connected with the other end of the first fuse F1, the second end is connected with the other end of the second fuse F2, the third end is grounded, and the fourth end outputs a first direct current signal; this arrangement enables the first ac signal to be converted to a first dc signal to provide a signal basis for subsequent conversion of the first dc signal to a pulsating dc signal suitable for conversion by the transformer T1.
The absorption module is used for accessing the first direct current signal and absorbing spike voltage in the first direct current signal to obtain a second direct current signal; in an embodiment of the utility model, the absorption module comprises a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2 and a second varistor MOV 2.
One end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the second end of the rectifier bridge DB1, and the other end of the first capacitor C1 outputs a second dc signal; one end of the second capacitor C2 is connected with the first end of the rectifier bridge DB1, and the other end thereof is grounded; a second voltage dependent resistor MOV2 is connected across the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2; this setting can absorb the partial spike voltage that its diode produced when the switch when rectifier bridge DB1 carries out full-bridge rectification to avoid rectifier bridge DB1 to be punctured because of the spike voltage is too high when receiving the thunderbolt interference, and then the condition of influence switching power supply stability.
The second protection module is used for accessing the second direct current signal and outputting a third direct current signal DC 3; when the power consumption generated by the second direct current signal flowing through the second protection module is more than or equal to twice of the rated power consumption of the second protection module, the output is closed; in an embodiment of the utility model, the second protection module comprises a first resistor R1.
One end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the other end of the first capacitor C1, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is used for outputting a third direct current signal DC 3; in the embodiment of the present invention, the first resistor R1 is a chip resistor; the first protection module, the rectifying module and the absorbing module are arranged between the second protection modules; therefore, when the second direct current signal flows through the chip resistor with smaller rated power, the lightning stroke interference in the second direct current signal is basically filtered, and the condition that the chip resistor is blown in advance to influence the normal work of the circuit under the condition that the circuit is not in a half short circuit and is interfered by the lightning stroke can be avoided; in addition, because the fusing current of the resistor fuse in the first protection module is usually twice of the rated current, the second protection module is set as the chip resistor, and the chip resistor is configured to be a mode of closing the output when the power consumption generated by the second direct current signal flowing through the chip resistor is more than twice of the rated power consumption of the chip resistor, so that on one hand, the instantaneous reaction speed of the protection circuit to the half-short circuit condition can be improved, the potential safety hazard can be reduced, and on the other hand, the situation that the output is closed by the second protection module under the condition that the circuit is not in the half-short circuit condition, and the stability of the circuit is influenced can be avoided. Taking a 12V, 0.5A switching power supply as an example, when the switching power supply does not have a half short circuit and normally works, if a 3 Ω chip resistor with a rated power of 1/4W is selected, the working current flowing through the chip resistor is about 0.1A, the normal working power of the chip resistor is about 0.03W, and the working power is far less than the rated working power of the chip resistor; therefore, the chip resistor cannot be damaged under the condition that the switching power supply normally works, and the influence of the power consumption of the chip resistor on the whole circuit is very little, so that the problem that the standby power consumption of the circuit is influenced by the chip resistor cannot exist; however, when a certain component on the circuit behind the second protection module is aged or damaged to form a half-off and continuous half-short circuit, since the resistive fuse cannot be blown, taking the blowing current of the resistive fuse as 0.8A as an example, the power consumption generated by the second direct current signal flowing through the chip resistor becomes 1.92W; the power consumption far exceeds the rated power of the chip resistor; therefore, the chip resistor is blown when the circuit is in a half short circuit; however, because the energy for burning out the chip resistor is very small, the situation that the fuse shell of the resistor fuse is too high in temperature or the circuit board is too high in temperature to cause fire is avoided; the chip resistor is low in cost, simple in structure and high in instantaneous response speed, and cannot affect the power consumption of the original circuit; therefore, the chip resistor is beneficial to improving the safety and stability of the circuit.
As shown in fig. 2, the flyback circuit is configured to receive the third DC signal DC3 and convert the third DC signal DC3 into a pulsating DC signal according to the switching signal, so as to obtain a fourth DC signal at an output side of the transformer T1; in the embodiment of the utility model, the flyback circuit comprises a filter circuit at the front end, a high-voltage starting circuit, an RCD absorption circuit, an auxiliary power supply circuit, a transformer T1 and an output rectification circuit.
The filter circuit is used for accessing the third direct current signal DC3 and filtering interference signals in the third direct current signal DC3 to provide purer direct current signals for a later-stage circuit; in the embodiment of the utility model, the filter circuit is composed of a first electrolytic capacitor EC1, a second electrolytic capacitor EC2, a first inductor L1 and a second inductor L2.
The high-voltage starting circuit is used for providing working voltage for the control circuit when the flyback circuit is started; in the embodiment of the utility model, the high-voltage starting circuit comprises a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6 and a third electrolytic capacitor EC 3; when the flyback circuit is started, the filtered third direct current signal is accessed to the anode of the third electrolytic capacitor EC3 through the sixth resistor R6 and the fifth resistor R5; therefore, the third electrolytic capacitor EC3 can be charged when the flyback circuit is started to provide the operating voltage for the control circuit.
The RCD absorption circuit is used for absorbing the peak voltage generated by the primary winding of the transformer T1, and the peak voltage influences the normal operation of the control circuit; in an embodiment of the present invention, the RCD snubber circuit is composed of a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4, and a first diode D1.
The auxiliary power supply circuit is used for providing working voltage for the control circuit when the switching power supply is in a standby state; in the embodiment of the utility model, the auxiliary power circuit is composed of a feedback winding of the transformer T1, a fourth resistor R4, a second diode D2 and a seventh resistor R7.
The transformer T1 includes a primary winding and a secondary winding for voltage conversion of the pulsed dc signal and transfer to its secondary winding.
The output rectifying circuit is used for filtering and rectifying the voltage signal transmitted to the secondary winding by the transformer T1 so as to convert the alternating current voltage signal into a direct current voltage signal suitable for supplying power to a load; in the embodiment of the utility model, the output rectifying circuit is composed of a fifth capacitor C5, a third diode D3, a fourth diode D4, a twelfth resistor R12, a fourth electrolytic capacitor EC4, a thirteenth resistor R13 and a fifth electrolytic capacitor EC 5.
The control circuit is used for receiving the working voltage provided by the high-voltage starting circuit and the auxiliary power supply circuit and adjusting the duty ratio to output a switching signal according to the induction signal of the feedback winding, so that the filtered third direct-current signal DC3 can be converted into a pulsating direct-current signal suitable for voltage conversion of the transformer T1; in the embodiment of the utility model, the control circuit is composed of a control chip U1, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11 and a control chip U1; in the embodiment of the utility model, the model of the control chip U1 is OB 25133.
In conclusion, the protection circuit with the functions of lightning protection and half short circuit prevention and the switching power supply thereof effectively solve the problem that the switching power supply cannot have the functions of lightning protection and half short circuit prevention at the same time, and improve the safety and stability of the switching power supply.
The description of the above specification and examples is intended to be illustrative of the scope of the present invention and is not intended to be limiting. Modifications, equivalents and other improvements which may occur to those skilled in the art and which may be made to the embodiments of the utility model or portions thereof through a reasonable analysis, inference or limited experimentation, in light of the common general knowledge, the common general knowledge in the art and/or the prior art, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.
Claims (8)
1. A protection circuit with lightning protection and half-short protection functions, comprising:
the first protection module is used for accessing commercial power and inhibiting lightning stroke interference in the commercial power to obtain a first alternating current signal;
the rectification module is used for accessing the first alternating current signal and converting the first alternating current signal to obtain a first direct current signal; the absorption module is used for accessing the first direct current signal and absorbing spike voltage in the first direct current signal to obtain a second direct current signal;
the second protection module is used for accessing the second direct current signal and outputting a third direct current signal; and when the power consumption generated by the second direct current signal flowing through the second protection module is more than or equal to twice of the rated power consumption of the second protection module, the output is closed.
2. A protection circuit having lightning protection and half-short protection functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first protection module comprises a first fuse, a second fuse and a first piezoresistor;
one end of the first fuse is connected with a live wire of a mains supply, and the other end of the first fuse outputs the first alternating current signal and is connected with one end of the first piezoresistor;
the other end of the first piezoresistor is connected with a zero line of commercial power and one end of the second fuse.
3. A protection circuit having lightning protection and half-short circuit protection functions as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the first fuse is a current fuse; the second fuse is a resistive fuse.
4. A protection circuit having lightning protection and half-short circuit protection functions as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the rectification module is a rectification bridge;
the rectifier bridge comprises a first end, a second end, a third end and a fourth end; the first end of the first fuse is connected with the other end of the first fuse; the second end of the second fuse is connected with the other end of the second fuse; the third end is grounded; and the fourth end outputs the first direct current signal.
5. A protection circuit with lightning protection and half-short protection functions according to claim 4, characterized in that: the absorption module comprises a first capacitor and a second capacitor;
one end of the first capacitor is connected with the second end of the rectifier bridge, and the other end of the first capacitor outputs the second direct current signal;
one end of the second capacitor is connected with the first end of the rectifier bridge, and the other end of the second capacitor is grounded.
6. A protection circuit with lightning protection and half-short protection functions according to claim 5, characterized in that: the absorption module further comprises a second piezoresistor;
the second piezoresistor is connected between the first capacitor and the second capacitor in a bridge mode.
7. A protection circuit with lightning protection and half-short protection functions according to claim 6, characterized in that: the second protection module comprises a first resistor;
one end of the first resistor is connected with the other end of the first capacitor, and the other end of the first resistor is used for outputting the third direct current signal.
8. A switching power supply, characterized by: comprising a protection circuit, a control circuit and a flyback circuit as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7;
the flyback circuit is used for accessing the third direct current signal and converting the third direct current signal into a pulsating direct current signal according to a switching signal so as to obtain a fourth direct current signal at the output side of a transformer of the flyback circuit;
the control circuit is used for adjusting the duty ratio according to a feedback signal of a feedback winding of the transformer and outputting the switching signal.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202122835480.1U CN216312672U (en) | 2021-11-18 | 2021-11-18 | Protection circuit with lightning protection and half short circuit prevention functions and switching power supply thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202122835480.1U CN216312672U (en) | 2021-11-18 | 2021-11-18 | Protection circuit with lightning protection and half short circuit prevention functions and switching power supply thereof |
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| CN216312672U true CN216312672U (en) | 2022-04-15 |
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| CN202122835480.1U Active CN216312672U (en) | 2021-11-18 | 2021-11-18 | Protection circuit with lightning protection and half short circuit prevention functions and switching power supply thereof |
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