CN216269852U - Direct-drive jet propeller based on circulating magnetic field and water equipment thereof - Google Patents
Direct-drive jet propeller based on circulating magnetic field and water equipment thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN216269852U CN216269852U CN202123135060.9U CN202123135060U CN216269852U CN 216269852 U CN216269852 U CN 216269852U CN 202123135060 U CN202123135060 U CN 202123135060U CN 216269852 U CN216269852 U CN 216269852U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a directly drive efflux propeller and equipment on water based on circulating magnetic field, belongs to power technical field under water, including base and the many sets of pipes of fixing on the base, the inside electromagnetism valve body that opens and shuts that all is provided with of pipe, and the pipe outside all registrates has multistage solenoid, and the end of pipe is connected together by converging the spray tube, sets up the switching valve plate in the spray tube that converges, still is equipped with circulation drive and control system on the base, and circulation drive is connected with multistage solenoid electricity with control system. The electromagnetic traction force generated when the magnetic field of the multistage electromagnetic coil and the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body are mutually inductive is controlled by the circulating driving and control system to accelerate the reciprocating linear motion of the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body, the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body is pulled to a high speed and pushed out water flow, the electromagnetic opening and closing valve bodies in the multiple sets of guide pipes alternately reciprocate to generate uninterrupted jet water flow, and high-speed and high-pressure jet water columns can be used for solving the problems of fire fighting, sea police water cannon driving, water knife cutting and ship driving.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of underwater power, and particularly relates to a direct-drive jet propeller based on a circulating magnetic field and an overwater device thereof.
Background
At present, the propeller has modes of propeller propulsion, pump jet propulsion, magnetofluid propulsion and the like. The propeller has low propelling efficiency, needs a rotating shaft to drive the blades and can generate additional torque; when the device is actuated, cavitation bubbles are easily generated, so that great noise is generated, and the thrust and cruising speed of the device are influenced. The transmission mechanism of the pump spraying propulsion device is complex and large in size, has high requirements on materials and processes during manufacturing, and is complex to disassemble and overhaul at the later stage. The magnetofluid thruster has low noise, but has very high power consumption, high cost and low speed.
For example, the publication No. CN205469739U is named as a patent of a jet propeller based on a moving magnetic field, which includes an electromagnetic cylinder, a pipeline, an electromagnetic directional valve, a nozzle, a moving coil, a piston, and an accelerating coil set, wherein electromagnetic force generated when a series of fixed accelerating coils surrounding the outside of the cylinder and the piston in the cylinder are mutually inducted is used as an accelerating force of the piston, and the piston is accelerated to a high speed step by step through the acceleration of a plurality of stages of accelerating coils, so as to push out water flow at a high speed and generate reverse thrust, thereby pushing equipment such as underwater robots, ships and the like to advance. The propeller utilizes the electromagnetic induction principle to push the piston to move so as to extrude water flow to generate thrust, but according to the single guide pipe propulsion principle, if the piston always extrudes the water in the guide pipe towards one direction unless the single guide pipe is infinitely long, continuous jet flow can be generated to do work to push the underwater vehicle or the ship to advance. However, the single guide pipe cannot be made infinitely long by reasoning from the principle of mechanical design, and the guide pipe must have limited length, so that when the piston in the guide pipe is pressed to the end, the front end of the piston in the guide pipe has no water storage and no jet thrust. Therefore, the reciprocating motion switching of the piston of the patent requires time, so that the high-speed water flow is interrupted, continuous jet flow cannot be formed, and the working efficiency of the system is seriously influenced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Aiming at the technical problems, the utility model provides a direct-drive jet propeller based on a circulating magnetic field and water equipment thereof, wherein the direct-drive jet propeller utilizes a circulating drive and control system to control electromagnetic traction force generated when the magnetic field of a multi-stage electromagnetic coil and an electromagnetic opening and closing valve body are mutually inducted to accelerate the reciprocating linear motion of the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body, the circulating drive and control system controls the multipolar acceleration of the magnetic field of the electromagnetic coil to pull the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body to high-speed push water flow step by step, the electromagnetic opening and closing valve bodies in a plurality of sets of guide pipes alternately reciprocate to generate uninterrupted jet water flow, and the high-speed and high-pressure jet water column can solve the problems of fire fighting, sea police water cannon driving, water knife cutting and ship driving.
The utility model adopts the following specific technical scheme:
the direct-drive jet propeller based on the circulating magnetic field comprises a base and a plurality of sets of guide pipes fixed on the base, wherein electromagnetic opening and closing valve bodies are arranged inside the guide pipes, a plurality of electromagnetic coils are sleeved outside the guide pipes, the tail ends of the guide pipes are connected together through a confluence spray pipe, a switching valve plate is arranged in the confluence spray pipe, a circulating driving and controlling system is further arranged on the base, and the circulating driving and controlling system is electrically connected with the plurality of electromagnetic coils.
Furthermore, the guide pipes are provided with two sets, the two guide pipes are parallel to each other, and the two guide pipes are connected with the confluence spray pipe.
Furthermore, a switching valve plate is arranged in the confluence spray pipe, so that the tail end of the conduit which does not spray water can be closed, and the reverse thrust water flow is prevented.
Furthermore, the guide pipes are provided with three sets which are parallel to each other and are connected with the confluence spray pipe.
Furthermore, two switching valve plates are arranged in the confluence spray pipe, so that the tail end of a conduit which does not spray water can be closed, and water flow is prevented from being reversely pushed.
Furthermore, the circulating driving and controlling system comprises a power supply, a controller and peripheral circuits thereof, and sequentially energizes the multi-stage electromagnetic coils on a certain set of guide pipes to realize the accelerated propulsion or the reverse propulsion of the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body in the set of guide pipes.
Furthermore, the controller can be realized by adopting a single chip microcomputer, a DSP or an FPGA.
Furthermore, components of the circulating driving and control system are uniformly arranged on the base, so that the balance of the propeller in water is guaranteed.
Furthermore, the multi-stage electromagnetic coils are wound on the periphery of the guide pipe at equal intervals and generate mutual inductance with the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body when being electrified.
A piece of water equipment, comprising the direct-drive jet propeller based on the circulating magnetic field.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the utility model designs two or more guide pipes to alternately work, realizes constant pressure and uninterrupted water flow, realizes the function of circulating jet flow, achieves the aim of continuously propelling an aircraft or a ship to advance, and can form continuous dynamic jet flow compared with other propelling modes.
(2) The utility model adopts a multi-stage electromagnetic propulsion mode, has higher propulsion efficiency compared with other propulsion modes, and can instantly make water flow obtain larger kinetic energy.
(3) The electromagnetic coil of the utility model is tightly surrounded around the conduit 1, compared with other propulsion modes, the mechanism is simpler, the volume is smaller, and the maintenance is more convenient; no other complex transmission mechanism exists, compared with other propulsion modes, the noise is lower, and the underwater power propeller is more suitable for underwater power occasions with strict requirements on noise.
(4) When the switching valve plate is pushed forwards in a certain guide pipe, water flow pushes the switching valve plate away; when the electromagnetic valve body is opened and closed to the rightmost side and the high-speed water flow of the other conduit is sprayed out, the switching valve plate is closed; meanwhile, the reverse thrust speed is reduced, and the phenomenon that the water flow is reversely pushed back at a high speed is avoided.
(5) After the utility model realizes the function of circulating jet flow, the device is not limited to the field of underwater propellers, and can be used as a high-pressure water gun for sea police law enforcement, a fire-fighting high-pressure water gun, water cutting equipment manufactured at high end by long-term foreign monopoly, or a special high-flow high-lift water pump.
(6) If the medium in the conduit is replaced by air, the air-conditioning system can be made into another form of reciprocating air compressor, pressure-adjustable air spring device and the like, and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a direct-drive jet propeller according to a preferred embodiment of the utility model.
1. A conduit; 2. a multi-stage electromagnetic coil; 3. a converging nozzle; 4. a switching valve plate; 5. a base; 6. and (4) circulating a driving and control system.
Detailed Description
The utility model is further illustrated by the following specific examples. The starting materials and methods employed in the examples of the present invention are those conventionally available in the market and conventionally used in the art, unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "lateral," "length," "width," "height," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "side," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in FIG. 1 to facilitate the description of the utility model and to simplify the description, but are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must be in a particular orientation, constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and is not to be construed as limiting the utility model.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may for example be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood as specific conditions for those skilled in the art.
Example 1
A direct-drive jet propeller based on a circulating magnetic field is shown in figure 1 and comprises a guide pipe 1, a multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2, a confluence spray pipe 3, a switching valve plate 4, a base 5, a circulating driving and controlling system 6 and an electromagnetic opening and closing valve body.
Two sets of guide pipes 1 are fixed on a base 5 of the embodiment, the two guide pipes 1 are parallel to each other, electromagnetic opening and closing valve bodies are arranged inside the two sets of guide pipes 1 and assembled in the guide pipes 1 to form a sliding fit body with the guide pipes 1, multi-stage electromagnetic coils 2 are sleeved outside the guide pipes 1, the multi-stage electromagnetic coils 2 are wound on the periphery of the guide pipes 1 at equal intervals, and the multi-stage electromagnetic coils and the electromagnetic opening and closing valve bodies can generate mutual inductance when being electrified.
The tail ends of the guide pipes 1 are connected together through a confluence spray pipe 3, a switching valve plate 4 is arranged in the confluence spray pipe 3 of the embodiment, when water flow is pushed in the lower side guide pipe 1 in the figure 1, the switching valve plate 4 is pushed to the upper side by the water flow, when the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body is pushed rightmost, the switching valve plate 4 is pushed back to the lower side when the upper side guide pipe 1 does work to spray high-speed water flow, and the lower side guide pipe 1 is closed; meanwhile, the reverse thrust speed is reduced, and the phenomenon that the water flow in the lower side guide pipe 1 is reversely pushed back at a high speed is avoided.
The base 5 is also provided with a circulating driving and controlling system which is electrically connected with the multi-stage electromagnetic coils 2. The circulating driving and controlling system comprises a power supply, a controller and peripheral circuits thereof, when the controller controls the multistage electromagnetic coils 2 on a certain set of guide pipes to be sequentially electrified, a continuous magnetic field can be formed, and the accelerated propulsion or the reverse propulsion of the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body in the set of guide pipes 1 can be realized. The controller can be realized by adopting a singlechip, a DSP or an FPGA, and the peripheral circuit mainly comprises a capacitor charging and discharging circuit and a coil power amplifying circuit. The components of the circulating driving and controlling system 6 are uniformly arranged on the base 5, so that the balance of the propeller in water is ensured.
The capacitor charging and discharging circuit comprises a charging and discharging capacitor C1 and a diode D1 which are connected in parallel, and the output voltage VDD of the boosting module charges the charging and discharging capacitor C1. The capacitor charging and discharging circuit is connected with the coil power amplifying circuit, the coil power amplifying circuit is formed by an H bridge formed by four power switching tubes, the output of the H bridge is connected with the multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2, and the multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 is electrified in the forward direction or the reverse direction.
Example 2
On the basis of the embodiment 1, as an optional implementation manner, the direct-drive jet propeller based on the circulating magnetic field comprises a guide pipe 1, a multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2, a confluence spray pipe 3, a switching valve plate 4, a base 5, a circulating driving and controlling system 6 and an electromagnetic opening and closing valve body.
Different from the embodiment 1, the base 5 of the embodiment is fixed with three sets of guide pipes 1 which are parallel to each other, and the tail ends of the guide pipes are connected with the confluence spray pipe 3; the ends of the conduits 1 are connected together by a confluence nozzle 3, in which confluence nozzle 3 of this embodiment two switching valve plates 4 are arranged. The three sets of guide pipes 1 sequentially push the electromagnetic opening and closing valve bodies in the guide pipes, the forward push in one guide pipe 1 forms telling water flow to open the switching valve plate 4, and the tail ends of the other two sets of guide pipes 1 are closed; when backward pushing from right to left, the switching valve plate 4 at the tail end of the conduit 1 is closed by the water flow of other forward pushing conduits 1, and the backward pushing speed is reduced at the same time, so that the high-speed backward pushing of the water flow in the conduit 1 is avoided.
The inside of three sets of pipes 1 all is provided with an electromagnetism valve body that opens and shuts, forms the sliding fit body with pipe 1, and pipe 1 outside all registrates multistage solenoid 2, and multistage solenoid 2 equidistant winding is in pipe 1 periphery, can produce mutual inductance with the electromagnetism valve body that opens and shuts when circular telegram.
The base 5 is also provided with a circulating driving and controlling system 6, and the circulating driving and controlling system 6 is electrically connected with the multi-stage electromagnetic coils 2. The circular driving and controlling system 6 comprises a power supply, a controller and peripheral circuits thereof, when the controller controls the multistage electromagnetic coils 2 on a certain set of guide pipes to be sequentially electrified, a continuous magnetic field can be formed, and the accelerated propulsion or the reverse propulsion of the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body in the set of guide pipes 1 can be realized. The controller can be realized by adopting a singlechip, a DSP or an FPGA, and the peripheral circuit mainly comprises a capacitor charging and discharging circuit and a coil power amplifying circuit. The components of the circulating driving and controlling system 6 are uniformly arranged on the base 5, so that the balance of the propeller in water is ensured.
The capacitor charging and discharging circuit comprises a charging and discharging capacitor C1 and a diode D1 which are connected in parallel, and the output voltage VDD of the boosting module charges the charging and discharging capacitor C1. The capacitor charging and discharging circuit is connected with the coil power amplifying circuit, the coil power amplifying circuit is formed by an H bridge formed by four power switching tubes, the output of the H bridge is connected with the multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2, and the multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 is electrified in the forward direction or the reverse direction.
Example 3
A control method of a direct-drive jet propeller based on embodiment 1 includes the steps of:
s0: two sets of electromagnetic opening and closing valve bodies are arranged on the leftmost sides of the two guide pipes 1 at the beginning;
s1: the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body in one guide pipe 1 is firstly conveyed from left to right, so that water flow pushes away a switching valve plate 4 and is sprayed out from a confluence spray pipe 3:
s1.1: the circular driving and controlling system 6 sends a command to energize the leftmost multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 of the conduit 1 in the positive direction, and the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body passes through the leftmost multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 from left to right;
s1.2: the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body immediately cuts off the power of the multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 in the S1.1 after passing through the leftmost multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 from left to right;
s1.3: sequentially repeating the electrifying/deenergizing operations in S1.1-S1.2 on the multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 outside the guide pipe 1 according to the sequence from left to right until the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body reaches the right end of the guide pipe 1;
s2: then the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body in the other conduit 1 is conveyed from left to right, so that water flow pushes the switching valve plate away and is sprayed out from the confluence spray pipe, and the operations of S1.1-S1.3 are repeated;
s3: when the electromagnetic opening/closing valve body in S1 reaches the right end of the pipe 1, the electromagnetic opening/closing valve body of the pipe 1 is reversely pushed from right to left:
s3.1: the circular driving and controlling system 6 sends a command to reversely electrify the rightmost multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 of the conduit 1, and the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body passes through the rightmost multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 from right to left;
s3.2: the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body immediately cuts off the power of the multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 in the S3.1 after passing through the rightmost multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 from right to left;
s3.3: repeating the reverse electrifying/deenergizing operation in S3.1-S3.2 to the multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 outside the conduit 1 in sequence from right to left until the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body reaches the left end of the conduit 1;
s4: when the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body in the S2 reaches the right end of the guide pipe 1, the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body of the guide pipe 1 is reversely pushed from right to left, and the operations from S3.1 to S3.3 are repeated;
s5: the above operations of S1-S4 are cycled until the control system is paused or shut down.
The forward energization is to open two diagonal power switching tubes of corresponding H bridges in a coil power amplifying circuit corresponding to the multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 and apply forward current to the multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2; the reverse electrification is to open other two pairs of angle power switch tubes of corresponding H bridges in the coil power amplifying circuit corresponding to the multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2, and reverse current is applied to the multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2.
Example 4
A control method of a direct-drive jet propeller based on embodiment 2 includes the steps of:
s0: three sets of electromagnetic opening and closing valve bodies are arranged on the leftmost side of the three guide pipes 1 at the beginning;
s1: the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body in the first conduit 1 is firstly conveyed from left to right, so that water flow pushes away the switching valve 4 plate and is sprayed out from the confluence spray pipe 3:
s1.1: the circular driving and controlling system 6 sends a command to energize the electromagnetic coil at the leftmost side of the conduit 1 in the positive direction, and the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body passes through the electromagnetic coil at the leftmost side from left to right;
s1.2: the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body immediately cuts off the power of the multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 in the S1.1 after passing through the leftmost electromagnetic coil from left to right;
s1.3: sequentially repeating the electrifying/deenergizing operations in S1.1-S1.2 on the multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 outside the guide pipe 1 according to the sequence from left to right until the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body reaches the right end of the guide pipe 1;
s2: the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body in the second conduit 1 is conveyed from left to right, so that water flow pushes away the switching valve plate and is sprayed out from the confluence spray pipe, and the operations of S1.1-S1.3 are repeated;
s3: then the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body in the third guide pipe 1 is conveyed from left to right, so that water flow pushes the switching valve plate away and is sprayed out from the confluence spray pipe, and the operations of S1.1-S1.3 are repeated;
s4: when the electromagnetic opening/closing valve body in S1 reaches the right end of the pipe 1, the electromagnetic opening/closing valve body of the pipe 1 is reversely pushed from right to left:
s4.1: the circular driving and controlling system 6 sends a command to reversely electrify the rightmost multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 of the conduit 1, and the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body passes through the rightmost multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 from right to left;
s4.2: the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body immediately cuts off the power of the multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 in the S4.1 after passing through the rightmost multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 from right to left;
s4.3: repeating the reverse electrifying/deenergizing operation in S4.1-S4.2 to the multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 outside the conduit 1 in sequence from right to left until the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body reaches the left end of the conduit 1;
s5: when the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body in the S2 reaches the right end of the guide pipe 1, the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body of the guide pipe 1 is reversely pushed from right to left, and the operations of the S4.1-S4.3 are repeated;
s6: when the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body in the S3 reaches the right end of the guide pipe 1, the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body of the guide pipe 1 is reversely pushed from right to left, and the operations of the S4.1-S4.3 are repeated;
s7: the above operations of S1-S6 are cycled until the control system is paused or shut down.
The forward energization is to open two diagonal power switching tubes of corresponding H bridges in the coil power amplification module corresponding to the multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2 and apply forward current to the multi-stage electromagnetic coil 2; and the reverse electrification is to open other two pairs of angle power switching tubes of corresponding H bridges in the coil power amplification modules corresponding to the multi-stage electromagnetic coils 2 and apply reverse current to the multi-stage electromagnetic coils 2.
The electromagnetic traction force generated when the magnetic field of the multistage electromagnetic coil 2 and the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body are mutually inductive is controlled by the circulating driving and control system 6 to accelerate the reciprocating linear motion of the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body, the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body is dragged to high-speed push water flow step by the multipolar acceleration of the magnetic field of the electromagnetic coil controlled by the circulating driving and control system 6, the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body in the plurality of sets of guide pipes 1 alternately reciprocates to generate uninterrupted jet water flow, and the high-speed and high-pressure jet water column is achieved, so that the problems of fire fighting, sea police water cannon driving, water jet cutter cutting and ship driving can be solved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The direct-drive jet propeller based on the circulating magnetic field is characterized by comprising a base and a plurality of sets of guide pipes fixed on the base, wherein electromagnetic opening and closing valve bodies are arranged inside the guide pipes, a plurality of electromagnetic coils are sleeved outside the guide pipes, the tail ends of the guide pipes are connected together through a confluence spray pipe, a switching valve plate is arranged in the confluence spray pipe, a circulating driving and controlling system is further arranged on the base, and the circulating driving and controlling system is electrically connected with the plurality of electromagnetic coils.
2. The direct-drive jet propeller based on the circulating magnetic field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the guide pipes is two, the two guide pipes are parallel to each other, and the two guide pipes are both connected with the confluence nozzle.
3. The direct-drive jet propeller based on the circulating magnetic field as claimed in claim 2, wherein a switching valve plate is arranged in the confluence nozzle, so that the tail end of a conduit which does not spray water can be closed, and the reverse thrust water flow is prevented.
4. The direct-drive jet propeller based on the circulating magnetic field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the three sets of the guide pipes are arranged, the three guide pipes are parallel to each other, and the three guide pipes are all connected with the confluence spray pipe.
5. The direct-drive jet propeller based on the circulating magnetic field as claimed in claim 4, wherein two switching valve plates are arranged in the confluence spray pipe, so that the tail end of a conduit which does not spray water can be closed, and the reverse thrust water flow is prevented.
6. The direct-drive jet flow propeller based on the circulating magnetic field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the circulating driving and controlling system comprises a power supply, a controller and a peripheral circuit thereof, and the power supply, the controller and the peripheral circuit are sequentially electrified to the multi-stage electromagnetic coils on a certain set of guide pipes, so that the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body in the set of guide pipes can be accelerated or reversely pushed to the original position.
7. The circulating magnetic field-based direct-drive jet flow propeller as recited in claim 6, wherein the controller can be realized by a single chip microcomputer, a DSP or an FPGA.
8. The direct-drive jet flow propeller based on the circulating magnetic field as claimed in claim 6, wherein components of the circulating driving and controlling system are uniformly arranged on the base, so that the balance of the propeller in water is ensured.
9. The direct-drive jet flow propeller based on the circulating magnetic field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multi-stage electromagnetic coils are wound on the periphery of the guide pipe at equal intervals and generate mutual inductance with the electromagnetic opening and closing valve body when being electrified.
10. A marine rig comprising a cyclic magnetic field based direct drive jet propeller as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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