CN216242337U - Exhaust switch valve and hydraulic retarder - Google Patents
Exhaust switch valve and hydraulic retarder Download PDFInfo
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- CN216242337U CN216242337U CN202122844904.0U CN202122844904U CN216242337U CN 216242337 U CN216242337 U CN 216242337U CN 202122844904 U CN202122844904 U CN 202122844904U CN 216242337 U CN216242337 U CN 216242337U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to the technical field of exhaust equipment, and particularly discloses an exhaust switch valve and a hydraulic retarder. The exhaust switch valve comprises a switch valve main body and a sealing ball, wherein a valve body cavity is arranged in the switch valve main body, the cavity top of the valve body cavity is of a hemispherical structure, the middle part of the cavity top of the valve body cavity is communicated with the side surface of the switch valve main body through a valve body air passage, and the cavity bottom of the valve body cavity is communicated with the bottom end of the switch valve main body through a valve cover through hole; the ball sealer is accommodated in the valve body cavity and can selectively communicate or block the valve body air passage and the valve cover through hole. The exhaust switch valve can realize the control of the opening and closing state of the exhaust switch valve through the selective connection or the blocking of the sealing ball. The hydraulic retarder is communicated or blocked with the external environment through the exhaust switch valve, so that the response performance of the hydraulic retarder for braking opening and closing is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of exhaust equipment, in particular to an exhaust switch valve and a hydraulic retarder.
Background
In the prior art, a hydrodynamic retarder is often matched to a heavy-duty truck of a tractor as a retarding brake structure of the vehicle. The hydraulic retarder is a device for generating anti-drag torque to a vehicle by utilizing the damping effect when liquid flows, and the hydraulic retarder can play a role in auxiliary braking by the aid of the structure. The hydraulic retarder can ensure that the action time of main braking of the heavy truck is reduced in a long downhill process, and the service life of a main braking system and the safety of a vehicle are effectively ensured. The hydraulic retarder mainly comprises a working cavity formed by a rotor and a stator, an oil pool formed by a middle shell and a rear shell, and a heat exchanger. High-pressure gas passes through the gas circuit and gets into oil bath top fluid of pushing down, behind fluid entering working chamber, the rotatory liquid of hydraulic retarber rotor acceleration, after liquid enters into working chamber, liquid is rotatory and impact the stator with higher speed under the effect of rotor, through reverse action again after stator blade strikes the rotor, make the rotor receive reverse brake force, transmit brake torque to the rotor on the off-axial spline through the internal spline of rotor to transmit the wheel to brake torque through the transmission shaft and make the vehicle slow down. When the retarder stops working, high-pressure gas in the hydraulic retarder is discharged to the outside atmosphere through the gas circuit. Thus, the oil liquid medium flows back to the oil pool from the working cavity, and the retarder stops working.
In order to promote hydraulic retarber braking response and withdraw from the performance, consider from the mechanical angle, inside high-pressure gas got into hydraulic retarber when hydraulic retarber opens the work, in order to prevent that high-pressure gas from assaulting the liquid level suddenly, the length of main gas circuit often designs longer and the rugged gas circuit needs the air current to get into slowly, consequently just need use the little gas circuit of bypass to carry out gas precompression in order to improve hydraulic retarber response time. The inside and external needs of hydraulic retarber are closed when carrying out the precompression, and when hydraulic retarber contact braking withdrawed from the during operation, inside high-pressure gas can discharge fast through main gas circuit, but along with gaseous reduction pressure reduces gradually, inside residual gas discharges untimely speed and is slower, therefore this part gas need be discharged through the bypass gas circuit, then needs the inside and external intercommunication of hydraulic retarber this moment.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide an exhaust switch valve and a hydraulic retarder, so as to meet the requirement that the interior of the hydraulic retarder is frequently communicated and blocked with the outside.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
an exhaust switch valve includes a switch valve main body and a seal ball; a valve body cavity is arranged in the switch valve main body, the cavity top of the valve body cavity is of a hemispherical structure, the middle part of the cavity top of the valve body cavity is communicated with the side surface of the switch valve main body through a valve body air passage, and the cavity bottom of the valve body cavity is communicated with the bottom end of the switch valve main body through a valve cover through hole; the sealing ball is accommodated in the valve body cavity and can selectively communicate with or block the valve body air passage and the valve cover through hole.
When the air pressure in the valve body cavity is smaller than the critical threshold value, the sealing ball abuts against the cavity bottom of the valve body cavity, and the valve cover through hole is communicated with the valve body air passage.
Further, the switch valve body comprises a switch valve body and a valve cover body arranged at the bottom end of the switch valve body, a valve body groove is formed in the bottom end of the switch valve body, and the valve body groove and the valve cover body form the valve body cavity; the valve body air flue is arranged in the switch valve body, at least one valve cover through hole is formed in the valve cover through hole, and the valve cover through hole penetrates through the valve cover main body.
Still further, the valve body air flue includes the straight blind hole of first straight blind hole and second, first straight blind hole with the crossing conduction of the straight blind hole of second, first straight blind hole is located the tank bottom of valve body recess is followed the axial extension of valve body recess, the straight blind hole of second is located the side of valve body recess is followed the radial extension of valve body recess.
Preferably, the switch valve body is in interference fit with the valve cover main body.
Preferably, the number of the valve cover through holes is four, and the four valve cover through holes are uniformly distributed on the bottom surface of the valve cover main body.
Preferably, the sealing ball comprises a ball core and a wrapping layer wrapping the outer surface of the ball core; the material of ball core is the metal, the material of parcel layer is rubber.
A hydraulic retarder comprises the exhaust switch valve, wherein a retarder exhaust cavity is formed in the top end of a retarder main body, and the exhaust switch valve is connected in the retarder exhaust cavity in an inserted mode.
Further, a side groove is circumferentially formed in the side face of the switch valve main body, a sealing ring is sleeved in the side groove, the sealing ring can block a gap between the switch valve main body and the retarder exhaust cavity, and the valve body air passage is located above the side groove in an opening in the side face of the switch valve main body.
Still further, the retarber exhaust chamber with the ooff valve main part is cylindrical, the side external screw thread has been seted up to the side of ooff valve main part, the lateral wall internal thread has been seted up to the inside wall in retarber exhaust chamber, the side external screw thread with lateral wall internal thread screw-thread fit, the valve body air flue is in the opening of ooff valve main part side is located the below of side external screw thread.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that:
the exhaust switch valve has the advantages that the top of the valve body cavity is of a hemispherical structure, the valve body air passage is communicated with the middle of the top of the valve body cavity, and the sealing ball is selectively communicated with or blocks the valve body air passage and the valve cover through hole, so that the opening and closing actions of the exhaust switch valve can be smoothly and accurately finished, and the requirements of communication and blocking of the exhaust switch valve and the external environment are met. When high-pressure gas enters the valve body cavity from the valve cover through hole, the high-pressure gas generates upward thrust to the sealing ball, the thrust makes the sealing ball rise and abut against the cavity top of the valve body cavity, so that the valve body air passage is blocked, and the exhaust switch valve is in a closed state at the moment. When the gas in the valve body cavity is exhausted out of the valve body cavity through the valve cover through hole, the pressure of the gas in the exhaust switch valve is reduced, so that the gravity of the sealing ball is greater than the upward thrust of the gas, and the sealing ball falls. The valve cover through hole is communicated with the valve body air passage, the exhaust switch valve is opened at the moment, and residual gas in the valve body cavity can be discharged from the valve body air passage through the exhaust switch valve.
According to the hydraulic retarder, the retarder main body is assembled on the retarder main body, so that the requirement that an exhaust cavity of the retarder is communicated with or blocked from an external environment can be met with high efficiency; when the hydraulic retarder is withdrawn from operation, air pressure in the retarder exhaust cavity is exhausted to the external environment through the exhaust switch valve, and the air pressure in the valve cavity is reduced at the moment, so that the exhaust switch valve is opened, and residual gas in the hydraulic retarder can be exhausted to the external environment through the exhaust switch valve. The optimized design improves the response performance of the hydraulic retarder for braking opening and closing at the same time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an exhaust switching valve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an exhaust switching valve provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a switching valve body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a retarder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
110. a switching valve body; 111. a side boss; 112. a side groove; 113. side external threads; 114. a valve body groove; 115. a valve body air passage; 120. a bonnet body; 121. a valve cover through hole; 122. a valve cover groove; 130. a sealing ball; 131. a ball core; 132. a wrapping layer; 140. a seal ring;
200. an exhaust cavity of the retarder; 300. an annular air storage chamber.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved, technical solutions adopted and technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, removably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
The technical scheme of the utility model is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment provides an exhaust switching valve including a switching valve main body and a sealing ball 130; a valve body cavity is arranged in the switch valve main body, the cavity top of the valve body cavity is of a hemispherical structure, the middle part of the cavity top of the valve body cavity is communicated with the side surface of the switch valve main body through a valve body air passage 115, and the cavity bottom of the valve body cavity is communicated with the bottom end of the switch valve main body through a valve cover through hole 121; the sealing ball 130 is received in the valve body cavity, and the sealing ball 130 can selectively communicate with or block the valve body air passage 115 and the bonnet through hole 121.
The exhaust switch valve has the advantages that the top of the valve body cavity is of a hemispherical structure, the valve body air passage 115 is communicated with the middle of the top of the valve body cavity, and the sealing ball 130 is selectively communicated with or blocks the valve body air passage 115 and the valve cover through hole 121, so that the opening and closing actions of the exhaust switch valve can be smoothly and accurately completed, and the requirements of communication and blocking of the exhaust switch valve and the external environment are met. When high-pressure gas enters the valve body cavity from the valve cover through hole 121, the high-pressure gas generates upward thrust on the sealing ball 130, the thrust makes the sealing ball 130 rise and abut against the cavity top of the valve body cavity, so that the valve body air passage 115 is blocked, and at the moment, the exhaust switch valve is in a closed state. When the gas in the valve body chamber is discharged out of the valve body chamber through the bonnet through hole 121, the pressure of the gas in the exhaust switching valve is reduced, which makes the gravity of the sealing ball 130 greater than the upward thrust of the gas, thereby causing the sealing ball 130 to fall. The valve cover through hole 121 is communicated with the valve body air passage 115, the exhaust switch valve is opened at the moment, and residual air in the valve body cavity can be exhausted from the valve body air passage 115 through the exhaust switch valve.
Specifically, the diameter of the sealing ball 130 is smaller than the diameter of the valve body cavity floor.
In this embodiment, when the air pressure in the valve body cavity is greater than or equal to the critical threshold, the sealing ball 130 abuts against the top of the valve body cavity, the sealing ball 130 blocks the valve body air passage 115, and when the air pressure in the valve body cavity is less than the critical threshold, the sealing ball 130 abuts against the bottom of the valve body cavity, and the bonnet through hole 121 is communicated with the valve body air passage 115. The presence of the critical threshold provides a triggering condition for the exhaust switching valve so that an operator can adjust the operating environment and the setting mode of the exhaust switching valve accordingly, thereby contributing to the wide application of the exhaust switching valve in different fields.
Further, the switch valve body comprises a switch valve body 110 and a bonnet body 120 arranged at the bottom end of the switch valve body 110, a valve body groove 114 is formed at the bottom end of the switch valve body 110, and the valve body groove 114 and the bonnet body 120 form a valve body cavity; the valve body air passage 115 is disposed in the switching valve body 110, at least one bonnet through hole 121 is provided, and the bonnet through hole 121 penetrates the bonnet main body 120. In this embodiment, the bottom of the valve body groove 114 is a hemispherical structure, and the bottom of the valve body groove 114 is communicated with the side surface of the switch valve body 110 through the valve body air passage 115; the bonnet through bore 121 communicates the valve body cavity with the external environment. The separate installation of the on-off valve body 110 and the bonnet body 120 greatly improves the flexibility of the on-off valve body in terms of assembly, disassembly, manufacture and production. The design that the valve gap through hole 121 is provided with at least one improves the efficiency that gas gets in and out of the valve body cavity from the bottom of the switch valve main body, also reduces the risk that the valve gap through hole 121 leads to the unable normal operating of switch valve main body because of unexpected jam simultaneously, has guaranteed that the exhaust switch valve can work smoothly. Specifically, four bonnet through holes 121 are provided, and the four bonnet through holes 121 are uniformly distributed on the bottom surface of the bonnet main body 120.
Specifically, the length direction of the valve body groove 114 and the length direction of the bonnet through hole 121 are the same as the length direction of the switching valve body 110.
In this embodiment, when the air pressure in the valve body cavity is greater than or equal to the critical threshold, the sealing ball 130 abuts against the bottom of the valve body groove 114, the sealing ball 130 blocks the valve body air passage 115, and when the air pressure in the valve body cavity is less than the critical threshold, the sealing ball 130 abuts against the bonnet main body 120, and the bonnet through hole 121 is communicated with the valve body air passage 115.
Still further, the valve body air passage 115 includes a first straight blind hole and a second straight blind hole, the first straight blind hole and the second straight blind hole are communicated in an intersecting manner, the first straight blind hole is disposed at the bottom of the valve body groove 114 and extends along the axial direction of the valve body groove 114, and the second straight blind hole is disposed at the side of the valve body groove 114 and extends along the radial direction of the valve body groove 114. The first straight blind hole and the second straight blind hole are arranged, so that the manufacturing cost of the valve body air passage 115 is reduced, and the production efficiency of the switch valve body 110 is improved. Meanwhile, the mode that the valve body air passage 115 is composed of two straight blind holes also greatly reduces the risk that non-gaseous substances in the external environment enter the valve body air passage 115, thereby further ensuring the smooth work of the exhaust switch valve.
In the present embodiment, the on-off valve body 110 is interference-fitted with the bonnet main body 120. Preferably, the bottom end of the side surface of the switch valve body 110 is circumferentially provided with the side surface boss 111 in a protruding manner, the inner side wall of the valve cover main body 120 is tightly pressed and internally buckled on the side surface boss 111, the side wall of the valve cover main body 120, which is recessed towards the inner side, is further provided with the valve cover groove 122, and the side wall of the valve cover main body 120, which partially forms the valve cover groove 122, abuts against the side surface of the switch valve body 110.
Specifically, the bonnet body 120 is screwed to the bottom end of the switching valve body 110. The structure of the screw joint of the valve cover main body 120 and the switch valve body 110 is simple to disassemble and assemble and is connected stably, and meanwhile, the joint of the valve cover main body 120 and the switch valve body 110 is further ensured to have high sealing performance.
Preferably, the sealing ball 130 includes a core 131 and a wrapping layer 132 wrapping the outer surface of the core 131; the core 131 is made of metal, and the wrapping layer 132 is made of rubber. The metal is selected as the material of the ball core 131, which is beneficial to adjusting the weight of the sealing ball 130; rubber is selected as the material of the wrapping layer 132, so that the elastic wrapping layer 132 can better realize the blocking effect on the valve body air passage 115 and the valve cover through hole 121, and meanwhile, the rubber outer layer is also favorable for reducing the damage of the sealing ball 130 to the sealing ball and the valve body cavity in the movement process, thereby prolonging the service life of the exhaust switch valve.
Specifically, the weight of the sealing ball 130 is less than or equal to 6 g, and the air pressure difference between the upper side and the lower side of the opening of the exhaust switch valve is not higher than 350 Pa.
As shown in fig. 4, the present embodiment further provides a hydraulic retarder, which includes a retarder main body and the above-mentioned exhaust switch valve, a retarder exhaust cavity 200 is opened at the top end of the retarder main body, and the exhaust switch valve is inserted into the retarder exhaust cavity 200.
According to the hydraulic retarder, the retarder main body is assembled on the retarder main body, so that the requirement that the retarder exhaust cavity 200 is communicated with or blocked from the external environment can be met with high efficiency, and when the hydraulic retarder is started to work, high-pressure gas can rapidly move from the retarder exhaust cavity 200 to the valve body cavity to lift the air pressure in the valve body cavity, so that the exhaust switch valve is in a closed state; when the hydraulic retarder is quitted from working, the air pressure in the retarder exhaust cavity 200 is exhausted to the external environment through the exhaust switch valve, and the air pressure in the valve cavity is reduced at the moment, so that the exhaust switch valve is opened, and the residual gas in the hydraulic retarder can be exhausted to the external environment through the exhaust switch valve. The optimized design improves the response performance of the hydraulic retarder for braking opening and closing at the same time.
The side surface of the switch valve main body is circumferentially provided with a side surface groove 112, a sealing ring 140 is sleeved in the side surface groove 112, the sealing ring 140 can block a gap between the switch valve main body and the retarder exhaust cavity 200, and an opening of the valve body air passage 115 on the side surface of the switch valve main body is positioned above the side surface groove 112. The sealing ring 140 can realize the sealing effect by filling the gap between the retarder exhaust cavity 200 and the switch valve main body, thereby ensuring that the air in the retarder exhaust cavity 200 can only be discharged out of the hydraulic retarder through the way of entering the valve body cavity.
Further, retarder exhaust chamber 200 and ooff valve main part are cylindrical, and side external screw thread 113 has been seted up to the side of ooff valve main part, and the lateral wall internal thread has been seted up to the inside wall of retarder exhaust chamber 200, and side external screw thread 113 and the threaded fit of lateral wall internal thread, valve body air flue 115 are located the below of side external screw thread 113 at the opening of ooff valve main part side. The structure dismouting of retarber main part and ooff valve main part looks spiro union is simple and connect firmly, has still further guaranteed simultaneously that the junction of retarber exhaust chamber 200 and ooff valve main part has higher leakproofness.
In this embodiment, the inside wall of retarber exhaust chamber 200, the side of ooff valve main part, side external screw thread 113, lateral wall internal thread and sealing washer 140 have enclosed into annular reservoir 300, the opening and the annular reservoir 300 intercommunication of valve body air flue 115 in ooff valve main part side, set up the exhaust passage who communicates annular reservoir 300 and external environment in the retarber main part, through setting up annular reservoir 300, can be with the inside residual gas of hydraulic retarber during exhausting the external environment. Therefore, the brake of the hydraulic retarder is quickly released, and the response performance of the hydraulic retarder is further improved.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An exhaust switch valve, comprising:
the switch valve comprises a switch valve main body, wherein a valve body cavity is arranged in the switch valve main body, the cavity top of the valve body cavity is of a hemispherical structure, the middle part of the cavity top of the valve body cavity is communicated with the side surface of the switch valve main body through a valve body air passage (115), and the cavity bottom of the valve body cavity is communicated with the bottom end of the switch valve main body through a valve cover through hole (121);
and the sealing ball (130) is accommodated in the valve body cavity, and the sealing ball (130) can selectively communicate or block the valve body air passage (115) and the valve cover through hole (121).
2. The exhaust switch valve according to claim 1, wherein when the air pressure in the valve body cavity is greater than or equal to a critical threshold value, the sealing ball (130) presses against the top of the valve body cavity, the sealing ball (130) blocks the valve body air passage (115), when the air pressure in the valve body cavity is less than the critical threshold value, the sealing ball (130) presses against the bottom of the valve body cavity, and the bonnet through hole (121) is communicated with the valve body air passage (115).
3. The exhaust switch valve according to claim 2, wherein the switch valve body comprises a switch valve body (110) and a bonnet body (120) mounted on a bottom end of the switch valve body (110), a body groove (114) is formed on the bottom end of the switch valve body (110), and the body groove (114) and the bonnet body (120) form the valve body cavity;
the valve body air passage (115) is arranged in the switch valve body (110), at least one valve cover through hole (121) is formed in the valve cover through hole (121), and the valve cover through hole (121) penetrates through the valve cover main body (120).
4. The exhaust switch valve according to claim 3, wherein the valve body air passage (115) comprises a first straight blind hole and a second straight blind hole, the first straight blind hole and the second straight blind hole are communicated with each other, the first straight blind hole is arranged at the bottom of the valve body groove (114) and extends along the axial direction of the valve body groove (114), and the second straight blind hole is arranged at the side of the valve body groove (114) and extends along the radial direction of the valve body groove (114).
5. The exhaust switch valve according to claim 3, wherein the switch valve body (110) is interference-fitted with the bonnet body (120).
6. The exhaust switch valve according to claim 3, wherein the number of the bonnet through holes (121) is four, and the four bonnet through holes (121) are uniformly distributed on the bottom surface of the bonnet main body (120).
7. The exhaust switch valve according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the sealing ball (130) comprises a core (131) and a coating layer (132) coated on an outer surface of the core (131);
the ball core (131) is made of metal, and the wrapping layer (132) is made of rubber.
8. A hydrodynamic retarder, characterized in that, it comprises a retarder body and an exhaust switch valve according to any of claims 1-7, a retarder exhaust cavity (200) is opened on the top of the retarder body, the exhaust switch valve is inserted in the retarder exhaust cavity (200).
9. A hydrodynamic retarder according to claim 8, characterized in that a side groove (112) is circumferentially opened in a side surface of the switch valve body, a sealing ring (140) is fitted in the side groove (112), the sealing ring (140) can block a gap between the switch valve body and the retarder exhaust cavity (200), and an opening of the valve body air passage (115) in the side surface of the switch valve body is located above the side groove (112).
10. A hydrodynamic retarder according to claim 9, characterized in that the retarder air outlet chamber (200) and the on-off valve body are both cylindrical, the side of the on-off valve body is provided with a side external thread (113), the inner side wall of the retarder air outlet chamber (200) is provided with a side internal thread, the side external thread (113) is in threaded engagement with the side internal thread, and the opening of the valve body air passage (115) at the side of the on-off valve body is located below the side external thread (113).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202122844904.0U CN216242337U (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2021-11-19 | Exhaust switch valve and hydraulic retarder |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202122844904.0U CN216242337U (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2021-11-19 | Exhaust switch valve and hydraulic retarder |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN216242337U true CN216242337U (en) | 2022-04-08 |
Family
ID=80947654
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202122844904.0U Active CN216242337U (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2021-11-19 | Exhaust switch valve and hydraulic retarder |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN216242337U (en) |
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2021
- 2021-11-19 CN CN202122844904.0U patent/CN216242337U/en active Active
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