CN216198496U

CN216198496U - Semiconductor plasma ignition nozzle with adjustable flow

Info

Publication number: CN216198496U
Application number: CN202122744700.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李勇; 李长胜; 师显强; 薛登攀; 黄统
Original assignee: Sichuan Fanhua Aviation Instrument and Electrical Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sichuan Fanhua Aviation Instrument and Electrical Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-11-10
Filing date: 2021-11-10
Publication date: 2022-04-05
Anticipated expiration: 2031-11-10

Abstract

The utility model discloses a semiconductor plasma ignition nozzle with adjustable flow, which comprises a positive electrode assembly and a negative electrode assembly, wherein the positive electrode assembly is sleeved in the negative electrode assembly and is connected with the negative electrode assembly through an insulating layer; the negative electrode assembly comprises a first shell and a second shell which are sequentially connected from left to right, an air inlet is formed in the side wall of the first shell along the circumferential direction, the negative electrode assembly further comprises an air flow adjusting mechanism, the air flow adjusting mechanism comprises a baffle ring, an adjusting valve and a reset spring, the baffle ring, the adjusting valve and the reset spring are sequentially sleeved from left to right and are installed on the outer side of the first shell, the adjusting valve is rotatably connected with the first shell, straight knurling is respectively arranged on the abutting surfaces of the adjusting valve and the baffle ring, and the reset spring is arranged between the adjusting valve and the second shell. The plasma spark plug can have the function of self-regulating the air flow by arranging the air flow regulating device, can reduce the design requirement of an upper unit, and can adapt to more occasions (different air supply flows).

Description

Semiconductor plasma ignition nozzle with adjustable flow

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of ignition devices, and particularly relates to a semiconductor plasma ignition nozzle with adjustable flow.

Background

Plasma ignition is a process of forming a local high-temperature area by utilizing gas discharge and exciting a large amount of active particles (plasma) to quickly ignite combustible mixed gas. Plasma ignition is an effective advanced ignition mode in the world, and compared with the traditional electric spark ignition, the plasma ignition has the advantages of large ignition energy, strong capability, large area, short ignition delay time, high reliability, combustion enhancement and the like. The technology has wide application, can be applied to the aspects of combustors such as industrial furnaces and the like, aerospace power devices and the like, such as ignition of aero-engines and gas turbines, and particularly can improve the high-altitude restarting ignition capability of the aero-engines.

Brief introduction of plasma ignition function: the plasma ignition device generates high-frequency high-voltage pulses (striking voltage) to strike an arc and generates a sustained low-voltage (pilot arc voltage) pilot arc. High-voltage pulse and continuous low-voltage are transmitted to the plasma spark plug through the plasma ignition cable, the high-frequency high-voltage pulse breaks through the electrode of the spark plug to ignite arcs, and then the plasma arc is continuously and stably generated through the continuous low voltage (only the low voltage is needed to maintain the arc to be continuous after the arc ignition is successful). The continuous arc ionizes the gas near the spark plug electrode into a plasma state, and the compressed gas blown from the plasma spark plug blows the plasma out of the ignition end of the plasma spark plug to generate a plasma jet, so that the oil-gas mixture in the combustion chamber is ignited. Plasma spark plugs are typically mounted near the engine combustion chamber, with the ignition end of the spark plug within the engine combustion chamber, being the hot end component. The plasma spark plug has the function of converting transmitted electric energy into high-temperature plasma gas, and spraying the high-temperature plasma out of the ignition end through airflow to generate plasma jet so as to ignite oil-gas mixture in a combustion chamber of the engine.

Traditional plasma spark plug electrode can not the selfreparing, and the spark plug electrode corrodes easily, and the life-span is shorter relatively: when the plasma spark plug works, the electrode breaks down ionized gas to generate electric corrosion on the electrode. The galvanic corrosion causes an increase in the firing gap (discharge breakdown gap) between the electrodes of the spark plug, which causes the spark plug minimum breakdown ignition voltage and pilot arc voltage to rise. When the spark plug electrode corrodes to a certain degree, the minimum breakdown ignition voltage and the pilot arc voltage of the spark plug rise to the ignition voltage and the pilot arc voltage generated by the plasma ignition device, and the plasma spark plug fails and does not ignite.

The traditional plasma spark plug can not automatically perform supplementary repair on the electrode. Because the plasma spark plug is easy to cause electric corrosion loss to the electrode when working, and the spark plug is a hot end part, and the high temperature can accelerate the corrosion of the spark plug electrode, the service life of the spark plug is relatively short, generally the service life of the spark plug can not reach the same as that of an engine, the use of plasma is greatly restricted, and particularly, the plasma is used in higher-level units with long service life (such as the ignition of an aircraft engine). The traditional plasma spark plug is difficult to meet the requirement of the whole service life of an engine, and the spark plug needs to be replaced in the service life cycle of the engine. Frequent replacement of the plasma spark plug causes great resource waste, increasing maintenance and repair time and cost of superior units (such as engines, gas turbines, etc.). According to the working principle of the plasma spark plug, when the plasma spark plug works, the electrode is easy to cause electric corrosion loss, the spark plug is a hot end part, the high temperature can accelerate the corrosion of the electrode of the spark plug, the electrode corrosion is the most main factor influencing the service life of the plasma spark plug, and the loss is basically not generated when other parts are used.

The spark plug has high arc striking voltage, and increases the design difficulty of the plasma device:

plasma spark plugs, which typically strike an arc by breaking down the air between electrodes, require a relatively high striking voltage. The arc striking voltage is generated by the plasma device, the plasma device needs additional design to ensure that the arc striking voltage is high enough, the high voltage easily causes the problems of insulation, creepage and the like, and the insulation, voltage withstanding design and the like of the plasma need additional enhancement. Therefore, the plasma spark plug has high arc striking voltage, and the design requirement and the difficulty of the matched plasma device are increased.

The spark plug itself cannot regulate the air flow:

the plasma spark plug blows out plasma from the ignition end of the plasma spark plug through airflow to generate plasma jet, and the size of the airflow has great influence on the ejected plasma jet. Too little flow of the plasma to be ejected or ejected results in a plasma jet that is too small to ignite the combustion chamber air/fuel mixture. Too large a flow of plasma may be blown away and the plasma may mix with too much cool air and blow out, resulting in a low temperature of the ejected flow and failure to ignite the combustion chamber air/fuel mixture.

The conventional plasma spark plug does not have the function of adjusting the size of the air flow, and a component for adjusting the size of the air flow needs to be added to an upper unit (such as an aircraft engine and a gas turbine) in the plasma ignition work, or an air flow channel of the plasma spark plug is specially designed according to the size of the air flow provided by the upper unit. This increases the design requirements of the superordinate unit or limits the application of the plasma spark plug (a specially designed plasma spark plug airflow passage can only be fitted to the superordinate unit of such an airflow size).

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide a semiconductor plasma ignition electric nozzle with adjustable flow, which can enable a plasma spark plug to have a function of adjusting the size of air flow by itself by arranging an air flow adjusting device and solve the problem that the traditional plasma spark plug does not have the function of adjusting the size of the air flow by itself.

The utility model is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:

a semiconductor plasma ignition nozzle with adjustable flow comprises a positive electrode assembly and a negative electrode assembly, wherein the positive electrode assembly is sleeved in the negative electrode assembly and is connected with the negative electrode assembly through an insulating layer; the negative electrode assembly includes first shell, the second shell that connects gradually from a left side to the right side, the lateral wall of first shell is provided with the air inlet along circumference, still includes airflow regulation mechanism, airflow regulation mechanism includes from a left side to the right side in proper order the cover establish install in the fender ring, governing valve, reset spring in the first shell outside, the governing valve rotates with first casing to be connected, the governing valve is provided with the straight line annular knurl respectively with the butt face that keeps off the ring, be provided with reset spring between governing valve and the second shell.

When the plasma jet generator is used, the positive electrode assembly and the negative electrode assembly are matched to generate electric arcs, and airflow is introduced into the air inlet in the side wall of the first shell and then is ejected out of the ignition end to form plasma jet; when the size of working gas flow needs to be adjusted, the regulating valve is pulled away from the retaining ring butt surface, the reset spring compresses, the opening is formed in the regulating valve, the position of the regulating valve circumferential rotation regulating opening and the position of the gas inlet reach the required degree, the regulating valve is contacted with the retaining ring, the reset spring resets at the moment, and the straight knurling arranged on the butt surface can prevent the regulating valve and the retaining ring from moving relatively.

In order to better implement the utility model, further, the baffle ring is in threaded connection with the first housing, and the regulating valve is in sliding connection with the first housing. When the air flow size needs to be adjusted, the adjusting valve is pulled away from the abutting surface of the blocking ring, the return spring compresses, the blocking ring rotates, the blocking ring moves on the first shell along the axial direction through the threads, then the adjusting valve is contacted with the blocking ring, the return spring resets at the moment, and the purpose of adjusting the air flow is achieved by adjusting the position change of the opening on the adjusting valve and the air inlet.

In order to better realize the utility model, the positive electrode assembly further comprises an insulated rectification limiting part, and a central electrode, an elastic conductive mechanism and a contact head which are sequentially arranged from left to right, wherein the rectification limiting part is sleeved outside the free end of the central electrode, and the central electrode is in limiting connection with the first shell through the rectification limiting part; the other end of the central electrode extends into the insulating layer in a sliding mode and is connected with the contact through the elastic mechanism, and the central electrode is connected with the insulating layer in a sliding mode. After the central electrode or the first shell is damaged and corroded after being used for a long time, the elastic conductive mechanism pushes the central electrode to slide, and the rectifying limit part is kept in limit connection with the first shell; in addition, be provided with stop device at center electrode and insulating layer sliding connection's one end, prevent center electrode later stage and insulating layer slippage.

In order to better implement the present invention, the elastic conductive mechanism further includes a first magnetic core, a second magnetic core, and a flexible conductive wire, the central electrode is connected to the contact via the flexible conductive wire, one side of the central electrode opposite to the contact is respectively provided with the first magnetic core and the second magnetic core, opposite surfaces of the first magnetic core and the second magnetic core are of the same magnetic polarity, and the flexible conductive wire is arranged between the central electrode and the contact in a circumferential shape. The homopolar repulsion force generated by the homopolar repulsion of the first magnetic core and the second magnetic core can realize the supplementary repair function of the electrodes, the length of the flexible lead is greater than the moving distance of the central electrode, and the smoothness of the positive circuit is ensured.

In order to better implement the present invention, further, the elastic conductive mechanism includes a conductive spring, and the center electrode is elastically connected to the contact through the conductive spring. The conductive spring is always in a compressed state between the central electrode and the contact head, so that the central electrode can be always in contact with the negative electrode assembly in a movable range, and the supplementary repair function of the electrode is realized.

In order to better realize the utility model, a limiting mounting hole and a through hole which are mutually communicated are sequentially arranged in the rectifying limiting part from left to right, one end of the central electrode penetrates through the through hole and is in limiting mounting with the limiting mounting hole, and a through vent hole is arranged on the left side wall of the rectifying limiting part along the limiting mounting hole. The rectifying limit part can ensure the minimum gap between the central electrode and the negative electrode assembly, and the central electrode and the negative electrode assembly cannot be in direct contact with each other to cause short circuit. The rectification limiting component also realizes the limiting function of the ignition end. The air vent on the rectifying limiting part realizes the function of ventilation and rectification, and can guide and rectify the air flow introduced by the air inlet hole and then spray the air flow out towards the ignition end, so that plasma jet flow is formed when the spark plug works.

In order to better implement the utility model, a semiconductor layer is further arranged on one side, close to the ignition end, of the rectification limit part. When the spark plug is electrified to work, the arc striking voltage of the spark plug can be effectively reduced through the conduction of the semiconductor layer (the arc striking voltage for breaking down air is far larger than the arc striking voltage for conducting through the semiconductor, and because the insulation resistance of the semiconductor is much lower than that of air, the semiconductor is conducted only by very low voltage).

In order to better realize the utility model, the insulating layer further comprises a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer, and the central electrode extends into the first insulating layer and is connected with the contact head through an elastic conductive mechanism; the right-hand member on first insulating layer and the spacing connection of second insulating layer, the one end that the second insulating layer is close to first insulating layer is provided with the contact, the contact passes the second insulator and stretches into the first insulator and be connected with elastic conductive mechanism. The first and second insulating layers isolate the positive and negative electrode assemblies from short circuits.

In order to better implement the utility model, further, the free end of the second insulating layer is connected with the second housing through a second bushing, one end of the contact head close to the first insulating layer is provided with a first bushing, and the first bushing, the contact head, the second insulating layer and the second bushing are hermetically connected. The joint of the second bushing and the second insulating layer is sealed by ceramic metallization, and the contact head and the first bushing are sealed by circumferential fusion welding.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the plasma spark plug can have the function of self-regulating the air flow by arranging the air flow regulating device, can reduce the design requirements of a superior unit (such as an engine and the like), and can also adapt to more occasions (different air supply flows);

(2) the utility model ensures that the relative position of the central electrode and the negative electrode assembly is kept unchanged by arranging the elastic conductive mechanism, avoids the failure of the spark plug caused by the fact that the relative position becomes far after the electrode is worn, and the plasma spark plug capable of being automatically repaired can greatly prolong the service life of the plasma spark plug, so that the spark plug can meet the requirement of the long-life whole life cycle of a superior unit (such as an aircraft engine and a gas turbine). Spark plugs do not need to be replaced in the whole life cycle of the superior unit, so that the maintenance cost and time of the superior unit can be effectively saved, and the maintenance efficiency of the superior unit is improved;

(3) the semiconductor layer is arranged on the rectification limiting part, so that the breakdown arc striking voltage of the plasma spark plug is reduced, and the design requirement and difficulty of a matched plasma device can be reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic-attraction elastic conductive mechanism;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the stop ring and the regulating valve;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the rectifying and limiting portion;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a vent;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a semiconductor layer;

fig. 7 is a schematic view of a sealing structure of the second insulating layer.

Wherein: 1. a center electrode; 2. a first housing; 3. a rectification limit part; 4. a flexible wire; 5. a first magnetic core; 6. a second magnetic core; 7. a second housing; 8. a first bushing; 9. a second bushing; 10. a first insulating layer; 11. a contact head; 12. a vent hole; 13. a second insulating layer; 14. adjusting a valve; 15. opening a hole; 16. a baffle ring; 17. a return spring; 18. a semiconductor layer.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1:

a semiconductor plasma ignition nozzle with adjustable flow rate is shown in figure 1 and comprises a positive electrode assembly and a negative electrode assembly, wherein the positive electrode assembly is sleeved inside the negative electrode assembly and is connected with the negative electrode assembly through an insulating layer; the negative electrode assembly includes first shell 2, second shell 7 that connect gradually from a left side to the right side, the lateral wall of first shell 2 is provided with the air inlet along circumference, still includes air current adjustment mechanism, air current adjustment mechanism includes from a left side to the right side in proper order the cover establish install the fender ring 16 in the first shell 2 outside, governing valve 14, reset spring 17, governing valve 14 rotates with first casing and is connected, governing valve 14 is provided with the straight line annular knurl respectively with the butt face that keeps off ring 16, be provided with reset spring 17 between governing valve 14 and the second shell 7.

When the plasma jet generator is used, the positive electrode assembly and the negative electrode assembly are matched to generate electric arcs, and airflow is introduced into the air inlet on the side wall of the first shell 2 and then is ejected from the ignition end to form plasma jet; when the size of working air current needs to be adjusted, the adjusting valve 14 is pulled away from the abutting surface of the baffle ring 16, the return spring 17 is compressed at the moment, the opening 15 is formed in the adjusting valve 14, the position of the opening and the position of the air inlet are adjusted through circumferential rotation of the adjusting valve 14 to reach the required degree, the adjusting valve 14 is contacted with the baffle ring 16, the return spring 17 resets at the moment, and the straight knurling arranged on the abutting surface can prevent the adjusting valve 14 and the baffle ring 16 from moving relatively.

Example 2:

the present embodiment is optimized based on embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the baffle ring 16 is screwed with the first housing 2, and the regulating valve 14 is slidably connected with the first housing 2. When the air flow is required to be adjusted, the baffle ring 16 is rotated, the baffle ring 16 moves on the first shell 2 along the axial direction through threads, at the moment, the adjusting valve 14 moves along with the baffle ring 16, and the positions of the opening 15 and the air inlet are changed, so that the purpose of adjusting the air flow is achieved.

Other parts of this embodiment are the same as embodiment 1, and thus are not described again.

Example 3:

the present embodiment is optimized on the basis of embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the positive electrode assembly includes an insulated rectification limiting part 3, and a central electrode 1, an elastic conductive mechanism, and a contact 11 that are sequentially arranged from left to right, the rectification limiting part 3 is sleeved outside the free end of the central electrode 1, and the central electrode 1 is in limiting connection with the first housing 2 through the rectification limiting part 3; the other end of the central electrode 1 extends into the insulating layer in a sliding mode and is connected with the contact head 11 through an elastic mechanism, and the central electrode 1 is connected with the insulating layer in a sliding mode. After the central electrode 1 or the first shell 2 is damaged and corroded after being used for a long time, the elastic conductive mechanism pushes the central electrode 1 to slide, and the limit connection between the rectification limit part 3 and the first shell 2 is kept; in addition, be provided with stop device at center electrode 1 and insulating layer sliding connection's one end, prevent center electrode 1 later stage and insulating layer slippage.

Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, and thus are not described again.

Example 4:

the present embodiment is optimized on the basis of embodiment 3, as shown in fig. 2, the elastic conductive mechanism includes a first magnetic core 5, a second magnetic core 6, and a flexible conductive wire 4, the central electrode 1 is connected to the contact 11 through the flexible conductive wire 4, the first magnetic core 5 and the second magnetic core 6 are respectively disposed on the opposite sides of the central electrode 1 and the contact 11, the opposite sides of the first magnetic core 5 and the second magnetic core 6 are of the same magnetic polarity, and the flexible conductive wire 4 is circumferentially disposed between the central electrode 1 and the contact 11. The homopolar repulsion force generated by the homopolar repulsion of the first magnetic core 5 and the second magnetic core 6 can realize the supplementary repair function of the electrodes, and the length of the flexible lead 4 is greater than the movable distance of the central electrode 1, so that the smoothness of the positive circuit is ensured.

The other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 3, and thus are not described again.

Example 5:

this embodiment is optimized based on embodiment 3, and as shown in fig. 1, the elastic conductive mechanism includes a conductive spring, and the center electrode 1 is elastically connected to the contact 11 through the conductive spring. The conductive spring is always in a compressed state between the central electrode 1 and the contact head 11, so that the central electrode 1 can be always in contact with the negative electrode assembly in a movable range, and the supplementary repair function of the electrode is realized.

Example 6:

the present embodiment is optimized based on any one of embodiments 3 to 5, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, a limiting mounting hole and a through hole which are mutually communicated are sequentially formed in the rectifying limiting portion 3 from left to right, one end of the center electrode 1 passes through the through hole and is in limiting mounting with the limiting mounting hole, and a through vent hole 12 is formed in the left side wall of the rectifying limiting portion 3 along the limiting mounting hole. The rectification stopper portion 3 can ensure a minimum gap between the center electrode 1 and the negative electrode assembly, which are not in direct contact with each other and short-circuited. The 3 parts of the rectification limit part also realize the limit function of the ignition end. The air vent 12 on the rectifying limiting part 3 realizes the function of ventilation and rectification, and can guide and rectify the air flow introduced from the air inlet hole and then spray the air flow to the direction of the ignition end, so that plasma jet is formed when the spark plug works.

Further, as shown in fig. 6, a semiconductor layer 18 is provided on the side of the rectifying stopper portion 3 near the firing end. When the spark plug is powered on, the arc striking voltage of the spark plug can be effectively reduced by conducting through the semiconductor layer 18 (the arc striking voltage for breaking down air is far larger than that for conducting through the semiconductor, because the insulation resistance of the semiconductor is much lower than that of air, and the semiconductor is conducted only by very low voltage).

Other parts of this embodiment are the same as any of embodiments 3 to 5, and thus are not described again.

Example 7:

the present embodiment is optimized based on any one of embodiments 1 to 6, as shown in fig. 2, the insulating layer includes a first insulating layer 10 and a second insulating layer 13, the central electrode 1 extends into the first insulating layer 10 and is connected to the contact 11 through an elastic conductive mechanism; the right end of the first insulating layer 10 is connected with the second insulating layer 13 in a limiting mode, one end, close to the first insulating layer 10, of the second insulating layer 13 is provided with a contact head 11, and the contact head 11 penetrates through the second insulating body and stretches into the first insulating body to be connected with the elastic conducting mechanism. The first and second insulating layers 10 and 13 isolate the positive and negative electrode assemblies from short circuits.

Further, as shown in fig. 7, a free end of the second insulating layer 13 is connected with the second housing through a second bushing 9, one end of the contact 11 close to the first insulating layer 10 is provided with a first bushing 8, and the first bushing 8, the contact 11, the second insulating layer 13 and the second bushing 9 are hermetically connected. Wherein the joint of the second bushing 9 and the second insulating layer 13 is sealed by ceramic metallization, and the contact head 11 and the first bushing 8 are sealed by circumferential welding.

Other parts of this embodiment are the same as any of embodiments 1 to 6, and thus are not described again.

Example 8:

a flow adjustable semiconductor plasma ignition nozzle, as shown in fig. 1, 6 and 7, comprising: the device comprises a central electrode 1, a first shell 2, a baffle ring 16, a regulating valve 14, a return spring 17, an insulator, a second shell 7, a first bushing 8, an insulator, a contact 11, a second bushing 9, a conductive spring, a rectification limit part 3 and a semiconductor layer 18. The semiconductor material of the spark plug can be selected from high-temperature resistant silicon carbide, diamond films and other materials, the insulator is made of high-temperature resistant high-strength structural ceramic materials, and the rest of the spark plug parts are made of high-temperature resistant high-strength metal alloy materials. The main process of producing and manufacturing the spark plug is as follows:

assembling a sealing part: the first lining 8, the insulator, the contact 11 and the second lining 9 form a sealing part inside the spark plug, so that the internal sealing of the spark plug is realized, and the gas in an engine combustion chamber is prevented from leaking out from the ignition end of the spark plug through the inside of the spark plug, so that the potential safety hazard of the engine is caused. As shown in fig. 7, in which the joint between the second bushing 9 and the insulator is sealed by means of ceramic metallization, the contact head 11 and the first bushing 8 are sealed circumferentially by means of fusion welding. The joint between the second bush 9 and the insulator is sealed by means of ceramic metallisation (subsequent circumferential fusion welding of the second bush 9 to the second shell 7).

Assembling the central electrode 1, the insulator and the conductive spring in the second shell 7, assembling the sealing part in the second shell 7, and welding and sealing the second lining 9 of the sealing part and the circumference of the second shell 7;

the rectifying limiting part 3 is assembled in the first shell 2, and then the first shell 2 and the second shell 7 are assembled and welded (the size of a part is designed to ensure that the rectifying limiting part 3 can be pressed on the first shell 2 by the central electrode 1 after assembly, the conductive spring is in a compressed state after assembly, a gap L2 is reserved, and the central electrode 1 can move towards the ignition end after electrode corrosion after the gap L2 is reserved).

The retainer ring 16, the regulating valve 14 and the return spring 17 are assembled outside the first housing 2, and the retainer ring 16 and the first housing 2 are welded (the size of parts is designed to ensure that the return spring 17 is in a compressed state after being assembled).

The self-repairing function of the electrode is realized: when the spark plug is electrified for operation, as shown in fig. 1, the center electrode 1 and the first shell 2 of the spark plug are discharged to fire, and electric corrosion is generated on the electrodes. Because of the insulation between the positive and negative electrode circuits of the spark plug and the rectification limit part 3, the ignition position of the spark plug is at the rectification limit part 3 (the ignition end direction). The central electrode 1, the first shell 2 is in the spacing portion of the 3 surface arc ignitions of end of kindling rectification, the arc ignition causes electrode corrosion, the galvanic corrosion can lead to the spark plug end of kindling close to central electrode 1 and the first shell 2 of semiconductor layer 18 and gradually lose, and the structure of spark plug positive electrode return circuit and negative electrode return circuit, when the central electrode 1 and the first shell 2 of end of kindling are corroded and are lost, conducting spring can push the central electrode 1 and the spacing portion 3 of rectification to the spacing portion of 2 end of kindling of first shell direction noncorrosive, guarantee that central electrode 1 and first shell 2 laminate on the spacing portion 3 of rectification, guarantee that the position of first shell 2 relative central electrode 1 does not change, thereby supplement the electrode loss of the end of kindling of spark plug, realize the selfreparing of electrode. The plasma spark plug adopting the scheme of the utility model can automatically supplement and repair the electrode loss of the spark plug, and the length and the volume of the usable electrode of the scheme of the utility model are several times of those of the electrode of the traditional plasma spark plug, thereby prolonging the service life of the plasma spark plug and enabling the service life of the repairable novel plasma spark plug to be several times of those of the traditional plasma spark plug.

The function of reducing arc striking voltage of the rectification limiting part 3 is realized: the ignition between the center electrode 1 and the first shell 2 of the conventional plasma spark plug is ignited by directly breaking down the air between the electrodes, and the air breaking down has higher ignition voltage. As shown in fig. 1 and 6, in the technical solution of the present invention, the semiconductor layer 18 of the rectification limiting part 3 can connect the center electrode 1 and the first shell 2, and when the spark plug is powered on, the electrodes can effectively reduce the arc striking voltage of the spark plug by conducting through the semiconductor layer 18 (the arc striking voltage for breaking through air is much larger than the arc striking voltage for conducting through the semiconductor, because the insulation resistance of the semiconductor is much lower than that of air, only a very low voltage is needed, and the semiconductor is turned on). And the middle of the semiconductor component is provided with the through holes which are uniformly distributed in an annular mode, so that air flow can be sprayed out from the rear end of the semiconductor component to the direction of the ignition end, and plasma jet flow is formed when the spark plug works.

The regulating valve 14 regulates the airflow function to realize that: as shown in fig. 1 and 3, in the technical solution of the present invention, the first housing 2, the baffle ring 16, the regulating valve 14, the return spring 17, and the second housing 7 form an air flow regulating structure of the spark plug. After assembly, the return spring 17 is in a compressed state, and the retainer ring 16 and the first housing 2 are welded and fixed. The size of the side vent hole 12 of the regulating valve 14 is the same as that of the air inlet hole on the first shell 2, when the two holes are overlapped, the air inlet hole of the spark plug is opened to the maximum, and the air flow is also maximum at the moment. The regulating valve 14 is slightly pressed towards the direction of the cable end interface, and the size of an air inlet hole of the spark plug can be controlled by staggering an opening 15 on the side surface of the regulating valve 14 and two holes of an air vent 12 on the first shell 2 in the rotary regulating valve 14, so that the size of air flow passing through the spark plug is regulated. The different gas flow rates affect the plasma jet conditions of the spark plug and when tuned to the optimum conditions, the regulator valve 14 is released. Because the end face of the stop ring 16, which is contacted with the regulating valve 14, is designed with straight knurls, the regulating valve 14 is pressed on the stop ring 16 by the return spring 17, so that the position of the regulating valve 14 can be ensured to be stable and cannot be easily rotated.

The insulating function principle of the spark plug inner gap L2 is described as follows: as shown in figure 1, the product structure design ensures that the gap L2 between the central electrode 1 and the cathode is far larger than the firing end electrode gap L1, and the voltage breakdown always breaks down at the weakest place according to the circuit working principle, so the spark plug always breaks down from the gap L1 when being electrified. According to the electrode repairing function, the gap L1 is always smaller than L2 after the electrode is corroded, so that the spark plug is ignited and ignited from the gap L1 in the whole life cycle of the spark plug, namely the L2 can always achieve the insulating function.

The scheme of the utility model can repair the electrode, and continuously replenish the space left after the ignition end electrode is corroded until the L4 is 0 mm. Typically, L4 is greater than 3mm, meaning that the spark plug life of the inventive arrangement is more than 3 times that of a conventional plasma spark plug.

According to the characteristics of plasma ignition, the distance L3 between the end surface of the plasma spark plug central electrode 1 and the end surface of the rectifying limit part 3 in the ignition end direction and the ignition end surface of the spark plug is designed to be longer (up to 15 mm). The L3 is designed to be longer, so that the airflow can be rectified and guided, and the ejected plasma jet flame is relatively concentrated. And the plasma jet flame length is longer, even if L3 is longer, the length of the flame sprayed from the firing end can be ensured. Because L3 is longer, it can ensure enough corrosion repair space of the cathode.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The semiconductor plasma ignition nozzle with the adjustable flow is characterized by comprising a positive electrode assembly and a negative electrode assembly, wherein the positive electrode assembly is sleeved in the negative electrode assembly and is connected with the negative electrode assembly through an insulating layer; the negative electrode assembly comprises a first shell (2) and a second shell (7) which are sequentially connected from left to right, an air inlet is formed in the side wall of the first shell (2) along the circumferential direction, the negative electrode assembly further comprises an air flow adjusting mechanism, the air flow adjusting mechanism comprises a baffle ring (16), an adjusting valve (14) and a reset spring (17) which are sequentially sleeved from left to right and installed on the outer side of the first shell (2), the adjusting valve (14) is rotatably connected with a first shell, the adjusting valve (14) and the butt surface of the baffle ring (16) are respectively provided with straight-line knurls, and the reset spring (17) is arranged between the adjusting valve (14) and the second shell (7).

2. A flow adjustable semiconductor plasma ignition nozzle as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the baffle ring (16) is screwed to the first housing (2) and the regulating valve (14) is slidably connected to the first housing (2).

3. The semiconductor plasma ignition nozzle with the adjustable flow rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positive electrode assembly comprises an insulated rectification limiting part (3), and a central electrode (1), an elastic conductive mechanism and a contact head (11) which are sequentially arranged from left to right, the rectification limiting part (3) is sleeved outside the free end of the central electrode (1), and the central electrode (1) is in limiting connection with the first shell (2) through the rectification limiting part (3); the other end of the central electrode (1) stretches into the insulating layer in a sliding mode and is connected with the contact head (11) through the elastic mechanism, and the central electrode (1) is connected with the insulating layer in a sliding mode.

4. A semiconductor plasma ignition nozzle with adjustable flow rate according to claim 3, wherein the elastic conductive mechanism comprises a first magnetic core (5), a second magnetic core (6) and a flexible conductive wire (4), the central electrode (1) is connected with the contact head (11) through the flexible conductive wire (4), one side of the central electrode (1) opposite to the contact head (11) is respectively provided with the first magnetic core (5) and the second magnetic core (6), the opposite surfaces of the first magnetic core (5) and the second magnetic core (6) are of the same magnetic pole, and the flexible conductive wire (4) is arranged between the central electrode (1) and the contact head (11) in a circular shape.

5. A flow adjustable semiconductor plasma ignition nozzle as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the elastic conductive means comprises a conductive spring, and the center electrode (1) is elastically connected to the contact head (11) by the conductive spring.

6. A semiconductor plasma ignition nozzle with adjustable flow rate according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that a limiting mounting hole and a through hole which are mutually communicated are sequentially arranged inside the rectifying limiting part (3) from left to right, one end of the central electrode (1) passes through the through hole and is in limiting mounting with the limiting mounting hole, and a through vent hole (12) is arranged on the left side wall of the rectifying limiting part (3) along the limiting mounting hole.

7. A flow adjustable semiconductor plasma ignition nozzle as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that a semiconductor layer (18) is provided on the side of the rectifying limiter portion (3) near the ignition end.

8. A flow rate adjustable semiconductor plasma ignition nozzle as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 5 and 7, characterized in that the insulating layer comprises a first insulating layer (10) and a second insulating layer (13), the center electrode (1) extends into the first insulating layer (10) and is connected with the contact head (11) by an elastic conductive mechanism; the right-hand member and the spacing connection of second insulating layer (13) of first insulating layer (10), the one end that second insulating layer (13) are close to first insulating layer (10) is provided with contact head (11), contact head (11) pass the second insulator and stretch into first insulator and be connected with elastic conductive mechanism.

9. A flow-adjustable semiconductor plasma ignition nozzle according to claim 8, characterized in that the free end of the second insulating layer (13) is connected with the second housing through a second bushing (9), the contact head (11) is provided with a first bushing (8) at one end close to the first insulating layer (10), and the first bushing (8), the contact head (11), the second insulating layer (13) and the second bushing (9) are hermetically connected.