CN216198488U

CN216198488U - Gas turbine

Info

Publication number: CN216198488U
Application number: CN202122507742.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 靳普
Original assignee: Jinpu Technology Beijing Co ltd
Current assignee: Liu Muhua
Priority date: 2021-10-19
Filing date: 2021-10-19
Publication date: 2022-04-05
Anticipated expiration: 2031-10-19

Abstract

The utility model discloses a gas turbine, which comprises a rotating shaft, a gas compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine, wherein the gas compressor and the turbine are arranged on the rotating shaft, the gas outlet end of the gas compressor is communicated with the gas inlet end of the combustion chamber, the gas outlet end of the combustion chamber is communicated with the gas inlet end of the turbine, a nozzle is arranged in the combustion chamber, and the nozzle is communicated with a fuel storage tank; the turbocharger also comprises a supercharger, wherein the supercharger comprises a shaft, a supercharger air compressor and a supercharger turbine which are coaxially connected; the air outlet end of the air compressor and/or the air outlet end of the turbine are/is communicated with the air inlet end of the turbine of the supercharger, the air outlet end of the air compressor of the supercharger is communicated with the nozzle, and the air compressor of the supercharger provides high-pressure air to pressurize and accelerate fuel sprayed out through the nozzle. The air outlet end of the air compressor is also communicated with the air inlet end of the supercharger air compressor. The gas turbine provided by the utility model can be used for pressurizing and accelerating the fuel sprayed out from the nozzle through the supercharger, preventing the flame from baking the nozzle, effectively protecting the nozzle and avoiding the nozzle from being burnt out or blocked.

Description

Gas turbine

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a gas turbine capable of preventing flame from baking back a nozzle, and belongs to the technical field of gas turbines.

Background

The gas turbine uses continuously flowing gas as working medium to drive the impeller to rotate at high speed, and converts the energy of fuel into useful work, and is a rotary impeller type heat engine. The device mainly comprises three parts of a gas compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine: the air compressor sucks air from the external atmospheric environment, compresses the air to pressurize the air, and simultaneously, the air temperature is correspondingly increased; compressed air is pumped into a combustion chamber and is mixed with injected fuel to be combusted to generate high-temperature and high-pressure gas; then the gas or liquid fuel enters a turbine to do work through expansion, the turbine is pushed to drive the gas compressor and the external load rotor to rotate at a high speed, the chemical energy of the gas or liquid fuel is partially converted into mechanical work, and the mechanical work can be output by connecting a generator.

When the combustion chamber works, fuel is sprayed out through the nozzle to be combusted to form flame, and the flame propagation speed of the fuel and the spraying speed of the fuel determine the position of the formed flame. If the pressure difference is insufficient, the flame back-baking nozzle is easily caused, and especially when the fuel (such as methane) with a low flame propagation speed is replaced by the fuel (such as hydrogen) with a high flame propagation speed, the flame propagation speed of the fuel is increased (for example, the flame propagation speed of the hydrogen is about 7 times of that of the methane), and the spraying speed of the fuel is unchanged or the increase amount is insufficient, so that the position of the flame is moved to the nozzle, the flame back-baking nozzle is caused, the nozzle bears a large heat load, the flame is easily burnt out and blocked, the fuel combustion is unstable, the combustion efficiency is reduced, and in a serious case, even a safety problem occurs. In the prior art, a nozzle is protected by enhancing the protection of the nozzle, such as the chinese utility model with CN 106556030 a, by providing a thermal protection structure at the nozzle. However, such a method does not fundamentally solve the technical problem of flame back-baking the nozzle.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above prior art, the present invention provides a gas turbine that prevents flame back-baking of a nozzle. The utility model uses the supercharger to pressurize and accelerate the fuel sprayed from the nozzle, thereby playing the effect of preventing the flame from baking the nozzle.

The utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:

a gas turbine comprises a rotating shaft, a gas compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine, wherein the gas compressor and the turbine are arranged on the rotating shaft, the gas outlet end of the gas compressor is communicated with the gas inlet end of the combustion chamber, the gas outlet end of the combustion chamber is communicated with the gas inlet end of the turbine, a nozzle is arranged in the combustion chamber, and the nozzle is communicated with a fuel storage tank; the supercharger comprises a shaft, a supercharger air compressor and a supercharger turbine which are coaxially connected, and the supercharger air compressor and the supercharger turbine can synchronously rotate; the air outlet end of the air compressor and/or the air outlet end of the turbine are/is communicated with the air inlet end of the turbine of the supercharger, the air outlet end of the air compressor of the supercharger is communicated with the nozzle, and the air compressor of the supercharger provides high-pressure air to pressurize and accelerate fuel sprayed out through the nozzle.

Further, the air outlet end of the air compressor is also communicated with the air inlet end of the supercharger air compressor.

Preferably, the air outlet end of the compressor is respectively communicated with the air inlet end of the combustion chamber and the air inlet end of the supercharger compressor, and the air outlet end of the turbine is communicated with the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine. In this case, the inlet air of the compressor of the supercharger comes from the exhaust air of the compressor, and the power of the turbine of the supercharger comes from the exhaust air of the turbine.

Preferably, the air outlet end of the air compressor is respectively communicated with the air inlet end of the combustion chamber, the air inlet end of the supercharger air compressor and the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine. At the moment, the air inlet of the compressor of the supercharger comes from the exhaust of the compressor, and the power of the turbine of the supercharger also comes from the exhaust of the compressor.

Preferably, the air outlet end of the compressor is respectively communicated with the air inlet end of the combustion chamber, the air inlet end of the supercharger compressor and the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine, and the air outlet end of the turbine is communicated with the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine. In the moment, the air inlet of the compressor of the supercharger comes from the exhaust of the compressor, and the power of the turbine of the supercharger comes from the exhaust of the compressor and the exhaust of the turbine.

Preferably, the air outlet end of the compressor is only communicated with the air inlet end of the combustion chamber, and the air outlet end of the turbine is communicated with the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine. In this case, the inlet air to the supercharger compressor comes from the external environment, and the power of the supercharger turbine comes from the exhaust air of the turbine.

Preferably, the air outlet end of the compressor is respectively communicated with the air inlet end of the combustion chamber and the air inlet end of the turbocharger turbine. At the moment, the air inlet of the supercharger compressor comes from the external environment, and the power of the supercharger turbine comes from the exhaust of the compressor.

Preferably, the air outlet end of the air compressor is respectively communicated with the air inlet end of the combustion chamber and the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine, and the air outlet end of the turbine is communicated with the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine. In this case, the inlet air to the compressor of the supercharger comes from the external environment, and the power of the turbine of the supercharger comes from the exhaust air of the compressor and the exhaust air of the turbine.

Further, the free turbine is arranged opposite to the turbine and/or the supercharger turbine, and the exhaust gas of the turbine and/or the supercharger turbine can drive the free turbine to rotate to do work, for example, the free turbine shaft is connected to the generator to further drive the generator to generate electricity.

Further, the supercharger also comprises a motor, and the motor can provide assistance for the supercharger compressor.

Further, the pressure of the high-pressure gas provided by the booster compressor can be flexibly adjusted according to the fuel type, the pressure of the fuel storage tank and/or the pressure in the combustion chamber, for example, the outlet pressure of an external gas source can be adjusted (increased) after the fuel is replaced (for example, replaced by hydrogen) so as to match.

Furthermore, the pressure of the high-pressure gas introduced into the nozzle by the supercharger air compressor is greater than the pressure of the gas introduced into the combustion chamber by the air compressor, so that the position of the flame is favorably far away from the nozzle, and the flame is prevented from back-baking the nozzle, for example, the pressure difference is greater than 1 atmospheric pressure.

Furthermore, after the fuel sprayed by the nozzle is pressurized and accelerated, the spraying speed is greater than or equal to 20m/s, preferably greater than or equal to 50m/s, and more preferably greater than or equal to 340m/s (supersonic speed), the fuel in the supersonic speed state is not easy to burn, so that the nozzle can be protected at the outlet of the nozzle, the speed of the supersonic speed fuel is reduced after the supersonic speed fuel is far away from the nozzle, and the fuel is ignited again to form combustion flame.

Further, the front end of the nozzle is provided with a necking so as to facilitate the further acceleration of the fuel.

Further, a gas bearing is also mounted on the rotating shaft, and the gas bearing can be a radial bearing and/or a thrust bearing.

Further, the air outlet end of the supercharger compressor is communicated with the air bearing and supplies air to the air bearing.

Further, the gas bearing is a static pressure bearing, a dynamic pressure bearing or a hybrid dynamic and static pressure bearing; when the gas bearing is a static pressure bearing or a hybrid dynamic and static pressure bearing, an external gas source communicated with the gas bearing is further arranged to supply gas to the gas bearing.

When the gas turbine works, the air inlet end of the gas compressor sucks air (oxidant) from the external environment and compresses the air, and the compressed air is introduced into the combustion chamber; meanwhile, the fuel in the fuel storage tank is sprayed out through the nozzle, and the compressed air and the fuel are mixed and combusted to push the turbine to rotate and are discharged through the exhaust end of the turbine. The supercharger compressor supplies air to the nozzle to pressurize and accelerate the fuel sprayed out through the nozzle, and the fuel is sprayed into the combustion chamber for combustion after being accelerated. Because the spraying speed of the fuel is increased, the position of the flame moves forward and is far away from the nozzle, and therefore the flame can be prevented from back baking the nozzle. In addition, the high-pressure gas can reduce the reaction intensity of the fuel and reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides in the operation process of the gas turbine.

In practical applications, if the fuel is a fuel with a low flame propagation speed (such as methane), or if the flame back-baking nozzle is not present, the booster does not need to supply air to the nozzle for cost saving. When the fuel is fuel (such as hydrogen) with a high flame propagation speed, or the fuel (such as methane) with a low flame propagation speed is switched to fuel (such as hydrogen) with a high flame propagation speed, or the condition of the flame back-baking nozzle occurs due to insufficient pressure difference, the pressure booster is controlled to supply gas to the nozzle, so that the pressure is increased and the speed is increased for the fuel sprayed out from the nozzle, the position of the flame is moved forward to be far away from the nozzle, the flame back-baking nozzle is prevented, and the nozzle is prevented from being burnt out or blocked.

According to the gas turbine, the fuel sprayed out from the nozzle is pressurized and accelerated by the supercharger, so that the flame is prevented from baking the nozzle, the nozzle can be effectively protected, the nozzle is prevented from being burnt or blocked, the combustion stability and the combustion efficiency of the fuel are not influenced, and the operation of the gas turbine is stable. The power of the supercharger is from the air compressor or the turbine, the exhaust of the air compressor or the exhaust of the turbine can be fully utilized, an external power source is not needed, the cost is low, and the energy consumption is low.

The various terms and phrases used herein have the ordinary meaning as is well known to those skilled in the art. To the extent that the terms and phrases are not inconsistent with known meanings, the meaning of the present invention will prevail.

Drawings

FIG. 1: a schematic view of the structure of the gas turbine of example 1.

FIG. 2: the structure of the nozzle is shown schematically.

FIG. 3: the structure of the nozzle with the necking is schematically shown.

FIG. 4: a schematic view of the gas turbine of example 2.

FIG. 5: a schematic view of the structure of the gas turbine of example 3.

FIG. 6: a schematic view of the gas turbine of example 4.

FIG. 7: a schematic view of the structure of the gas turbine of example 5.

FIG. 8: a schematic view of a gas turbine in example 6.

FIG. 9: a schematic view of a gas turbine in example 7.

FIG. 10: a schematic view of a gas turbine according to example 8.

10, a rotating shaft; 20. a compressor; 30. a turbine; 40. a combustion chamber; 50. an external gas source; 60. a gas bearing; 70. a nozzle; 80. a fuel storage tank; 90. a supercharger; 910. a shaft; 920. a supercharger compressor; 930. a supercharger turbine; IT, an air inlet end of the air compressor; ET, exhaust end of turbine; FU, fuel; HA. High pressure gas. The direction indicated by the arrow is the direction of flow of the gas or fuel.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made to the utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model.

Example 1

A gas turbine comprises a rotating shaft 10, a compressor 20, a combustion chamber 40 and a turbine 30, wherein the compressor 20 and the turbine 30 are installed on the rotating shaft 10, the air outlet end of the compressor 20 is communicated with the air inlet end of the combustion chamber 40, the air outlet end of the combustion chamber 40 is communicated with the air inlet end of the turbine 30, a nozzle 70 is arranged in the combustion chamber 40, and the nozzle 70 is communicated with a fuel storage tank 80, as shown in figure 1; the supercharger 90 comprises a shaft 910, a supercharger compressor 920 and a supercharger turbine 930 which are coaxially connected, wherein the supercharger compressor 920 and the supercharger turbine 930 can synchronously rotate; the air outlet end of the compressor 20 is communicated with the air inlet end of the supercharger compressor 920, the air outlet end of the supercharger compressor 920 is communicated with the nozzle 70, the air outlet end of the turbine 30 is communicated with the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine 930, and the supercharger compressor 920 provides high-pressure air HA to pressurize and accelerate the fuel FU ejected through the nozzle 70.

In the gas turbine with the above structure, when the gas turbine works, the air inlet end IT of the compressor 20 sucks air (oxidant) from the external environment and compresses the air, after the compression, one part of the air is introduced into the combustion chamber 40 to be mixed with the fuel FU sprayed out through the nozzle 70, the other part of the air is introduced into the booster compressor 920, after the air is further compressed by the booster compressor 920, the air is introduced into the nozzle 70 to boost and speed up the fuel; the fuel FU in the fuel storage tank 80 is pressurized and accelerated and then sprayed into the combustion chamber 40 through the nozzle 70, and high-temperature and high-pressure gas is generated through combustion; the high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the turbine to do work through expansion, and the turbine is pushed to drive the gas compressor and the external load rotor to rotate together at a high speed. Since the ejection speed of the fuel FU is increased, the position of the flame is advanced away from the nozzle 70, so that the flame is prevented from backing up the nozzle 70. After doing work in the turbine, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is discharged through the exhaust end ET of the turbine 30, wherein a part of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is introduced into the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine 930 to push the supercharger turbine 930 to rotate, and then the supercharger compressor 920 is driven to rotate, so that part of the exhaust gas from the compressor 20 is pressurized.

The supercharger also comprises a motor, and the motor can provide assistance for the supercharger compressor.

The pressure of the high-pressure gas HA provided by the booster compressor 920 can be flexibly adjusted according to the fuel type, the pressure of the fuel storage tank and/or the pressure in the combustion chamber, for example, the outlet pressure of the external gas source can be adjusted (increased) after the fuel is replaced (for example, replaced by hydrogen) for matching.

The pressure of the high-pressure air HA introduced into the nozzle 70 by the booster compressor 920 is greater than the pressure of the air introduced into the combustion chamber 40 by the compressor 20, which is beneficial to keeping the flame away from the nozzle and preventing the flame from back-baking the nozzle, for example, the pressure difference is greater than 1 atmosphere.

After the fuel sprayed out from the nozzle is pressurized and accelerated, the spraying speed is greater than or equal to 340m/s (supersonic speed), the fuel in the supersonic speed state is not easy to burn, so that the nozzle can be protected at the outlet of the nozzle, the speed of the supersonic speed fuel is reduced after the supersonic speed fuel is far away from the nozzle, and the fuel is ignited again to form combustion flame.

The nozzle 70 is constructed as shown in fig. 2.

The forward end of the nozzle 70 may have a constriction, as shown in figure 3, to facilitate further acceleration of the fuel.

Example 2

A gas turbine comprises a rotating shaft 10, a compressor 20, a combustion chamber 40 and a turbine 30, wherein the compressor 20 and the turbine 30 are installed on the rotating shaft 10, the air outlet end of the compressor 20 is communicated with the air inlet end of the combustion chamber 40, the air outlet end of the combustion chamber 40 is communicated with the air inlet end of the turbine 30, a nozzle 70 is arranged in the combustion chamber 40, and the nozzle 70 is communicated with a fuel storage tank 80, as shown in figure 4; the supercharger 90 comprises a shaft 910, a supercharger compressor 920 and a supercharger turbine 930 which are coaxially connected, wherein the supercharger compressor 920 and the supercharger turbine 930 can synchronously rotate; the air outlet end of the compressor 20 is also respectively communicated with the air inlet end of the supercharger compressor 920 and the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine 930, the air outlet end of the supercharger compressor 920 is communicated with the nozzle 70, and the supercharger compressor 920 provides high-pressure air HA to supercharge and speed up the fuel FU ejected through the nozzle 70.

The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the outlet end of the compressor 20 is communicated with the inlet end of the combustion chamber 40, the inlet end of the supercharger compressor 920 and the inlet end of the supercharger turbine 930, respectively, and the outlet end of the turbine 30 is not communicated with the inlet end of the supercharger turbine 930.

During operation, the air inlet end IT of the compressor 20 sucks air (oxidant) from the external environment and compresses IT, and after compression, IT is divided into three parts: the first part is introduced into the combustion chamber 40 to be mixed with the fuel FU sprayed out through the nozzle 70, the second part is introduced into the supercharger compressor 920 to be further compressed by the supercharger compressor 920, and then the second part is introduced into the nozzle 70 to pressurize and accelerate the fuel; the third part is led into the air inlet end of the booster turbine 930 to push the booster turbine 930 to rotate, so as to drive the booster compressor 920 to rotate, and thus, partial exhaust gas from the compressor 20 is boosted. The fuel FU in the fuel storage tank 80 is pressurized and accelerated and then sprayed into the combustion chamber 40 through the nozzle 70, and high-temperature and high-pressure gas is generated through combustion; the high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the turbine to do work through expansion, and the turbine is pushed to drive the gas compressor and the external load rotor to rotate together at a high speed. Since the ejection speed of the fuel FU is increased, the position of the flame is advanced away from the nozzle 70, so that the flame is prevented from backing up the nozzle 70.

Example 3

A gas turbine comprises a rotating shaft 10, a compressor 20, a combustion chamber 40 and a turbine 30, wherein the compressor 20 and the turbine 30 are installed on the rotating shaft 10, the air outlet end of the compressor 20 is communicated with the air inlet end of the combustion chamber 40, the air outlet end of the combustion chamber 40 is communicated with the air inlet end of the turbine 30, a nozzle 70 is arranged in the combustion chamber 40, and the nozzle 70 is communicated with a fuel storage tank 80, as shown in figure 5; the supercharger 90 comprises a shaft 910, a supercharger compressor 920 and a supercharger turbine 930 which are coaxially connected, wherein the supercharger compressor 920 and the supercharger turbine 930 can synchronously rotate; the air outlet end of the compressor 20 is also respectively communicated with the air inlet end of the supercharger compressor 920 and the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine 930, the air outlet end of the supercharger compressor 920 is communicated with the nozzle 70, the air outlet end of the turbine 30 is communicated with the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine 930, and the supercharger compressor 920 provides high-pressure air HA to supercharge and speed up the fuel FU ejected through the nozzle 70.

The difference from example 1 is that: the outlet end of the compressor 20 is also communicated with the inlet end of the supercharger turbine 930, namely: the power of the supercharger turbine 930 may be derived from the exhaust gas of the compressor 20, the exhaust gas of the turbine 30, or a combination thereof.

The difference from example 2 is that: the exhaust end of turbine 30 communicates with the intake end of supercharger turbine 930.

During operation, the air inlet end IT of the compressor 20 sucks air (oxidant) from the external environment and compresses IT, and after compression, IT is divided into three parts: the first part is introduced into the combustion chamber 40 to be mixed with the fuel FU sprayed out through the nozzle 70, the second part is introduced into the supercharger compressor 920 to be further compressed by the supercharger compressor 920, and then the second part is introduced into the nozzle 70 to pressurize and accelerate the fuel; the third part is led into the air inlet end of the booster turbine 930 to push the booster turbine 930 to rotate, so as to drive the booster compressor 920 to rotate, and thus, partial exhaust gas from the compressor 20 is boosted. The fuel FU in the fuel storage tank 80 is pressurized and accelerated and then sprayed into the combustion chamber 40 through the nozzle 70, and high-temperature and high-pressure gas is generated through combustion; the high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the turbine to do work through expansion, and the turbine is pushed to drive the gas compressor and the external load rotor to rotate together at a high speed. Since the ejection speed of the fuel FU is increased, the position of the flame is advanced away from the nozzle 70, so that the flame is prevented from backing up the nozzle 70. After doing work in the turbine, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is discharged through the exhaust end ET of the turbine 30, wherein a part of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is introduced into the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine 930 to push the supercharger turbine 930 to rotate, and then the supercharger compressor 920 is driven to rotate, so that part of the exhaust gas from the compressor 20 is pressurized.

Example 4

A gas turbine comprises a rotating shaft 10, a compressor 20, a combustion chamber 40 and a turbine 30, wherein the compressor 20 and the turbine 30 are installed on the rotating shaft 10, the air outlet end of the compressor 20 is communicated with the air inlet end of the combustion chamber 40, the air outlet end of the combustion chamber 40 is communicated with the air inlet end of the turbine 30, a nozzle 70 is arranged in the combustion chamber 40, and the nozzle 70 is communicated with a fuel storage tank 80, as shown in FIG. 6; the supercharger 90 comprises a shaft 910, a supercharger compressor 920 and a supercharger turbine 930 which are coaxially connected, wherein the supercharger compressor 920 and the supercharger turbine 930 can synchronously rotate; the air outlet end of the booster compressor 920 is communicated with the nozzle 70, the air outlet end of the turbine 30 is communicated with the air inlet end of the booster turbine 930, and the booster compressor 920 provides high-pressure air HA to boost the speed of the fuel FU sprayed out through the nozzle 70.

The difference from example 1 is that: the inlet air to the booster compressor comes from the external environment (i.e., the outlet end of the compressor 20 is not in communication with the inlet end of the booster compressor 920).

In operation, the inlet end IT of the compressor 20 draws air (oxidant) from the external environment and compresses IT before passing into the combustion chamber 40 to mix with the fuel FU ejected through the nozzle 70. The booster compressor 920 sucks air from the external environment, compresses the air, and introduces the compressed air into the nozzle 70 to boost and speed up the fuel. The fuel FU in the fuel storage tank 80 is pressurized and accelerated and then sprayed into the combustion chamber 40 through the nozzle 70, and high-temperature and high-pressure gas is generated through combustion; the high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the turbine to do work through expansion, and the turbine is pushed to drive the gas compressor and the external load rotor to rotate together at a high speed. Since the ejection speed of the fuel FU is increased, the position of the flame is advanced away from the nozzle 70, so that the flame is prevented from backing up the nozzle 70. After doing work in the turbine, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is discharged through the exhaust end ET of the turbine 30, wherein a part of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is introduced into the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine 930 to push the supercharger turbine 930 to rotate, and then the supercharger compressor 920 is driven to rotate, so that the air obtained from the external environment is compressed.

Example 5

A gas turbine comprises a rotating shaft 10, a compressor 20, a combustion chamber 40 and a turbine 30, wherein the compressor 20 and the turbine 30 are installed on the rotating shaft 10, the air outlet end of the compressor 20 is communicated with the air inlet end of the combustion chamber 40, the air outlet end of the combustion chamber 40 is communicated with the air inlet end of the turbine 30, a nozzle 70 is arranged in the combustion chamber 40, and the nozzle 70 is communicated with a fuel storage tank 80, as shown in FIG. 7; the supercharger 90 comprises a shaft 910, a supercharger compressor 920 and a supercharger turbine 930 which are coaxially connected, wherein the supercharger compressor 920 and the supercharger turbine 930 can synchronously rotate; the air outlet end of the compressor 20 is also communicated with the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine 930, the air outlet end of the supercharger compressor 920 is communicated with the nozzle 70, and the supercharger compressor 920 provides high-pressure air HA to supercharge and speed up the fuel FU sprayed out through the nozzle 70.

The difference from example 2 is that: the inlet air to the booster compressor comes from the external environment (i.e., the outlet end of the compressor 20 is not in communication with the inlet end of the booster compressor 920).

During operation, the air inlet end IT of the compressor 20 sucks air (oxidant) from the external environment and compresses IT, and the compressed air is divided into two parts: one of the two flows is introduced into the combustion chamber 40 to mix with the fuel FU injected through the nozzle 70, and the other flow is introduced into the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine 930 to push the supercharger turbine 930 to rotate, thereby driving the supercharger compressor 920 to rotate, and compressing the air obtained from the external environment. The booster compressor 920 sucks air from the external environment, compresses the air, and introduces the compressed air into the nozzle 70 to boost and speed up the fuel. The fuel FU in the fuel storage tank 80 is pressurized and accelerated and then sprayed into the combustion chamber 40 through the nozzle 70, and high-temperature and high-pressure gas is generated through combustion; the high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the turbine to do work through expansion, and the turbine is pushed to drive the gas compressor and the external load rotor to rotate together at a high speed. Since the ejection speed of the fuel FU is increased, the position of the flame is advanced away from the nozzle 70, so that the flame is prevented from backing up the nozzle 70.

Example 6

A gas turbine comprises a rotating shaft 10, a compressor 20, a combustion chamber 40 and a turbine 30, wherein the compressor 20 and the turbine 30 are installed on the rotating shaft 10, the air outlet end of the compressor 20 is communicated with the air inlet end of the combustion chamber 40, the air outlet end of the combustion chamber 40 is communicated with the air inlet end of the turbine 30, a nozzle 70 is arranged in the combustion chamber 40, and the nozzle 70 is communicated with a fuel storage tank 80, as shown in figure 8; the supercharger 90 comprises a shaft 910, a supercharger compressor 920 and a supercharger turbine 930 which are coaxially connected, wherein the supercharger compressor 920 and the supercharger turbine 930 can synchronously rotate; the air outlet end of the compressor 20 is also communicated with the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine 930, the air outlet end of the turbine 30 is communicated with the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine 930, the air outlet end of the supercharger compressor 920 is communicated with the nozzle 70, and the supercharger compressor 920 provides high-pressure air HA to pressurize and accelerate the fuel FU ejected through the nozzle 70.

The difference from example 3 is that: the inlet air to the booster compressor comes from the external environment (i.e., the outlet end of the compressor 20 is not in communication with the inlet end of the booster compressor 920).

The difference from example 5 is that: the exhaust end of turbine 30 communicates with the intake end of supercharger turbine 930. Namely: the power of the supercharger turbine 930 may be derived from the exhaust gas of the compressor 20, the exhaust gas of the turbine 30, or a combination thereof.

During operation, the air inlet end IT of the compressor 20 sucks air (oxidant) from the external environment and compresses IT, and the compressed air is divided into two parts: one of the two flows is introduced into the combustion chamber 40 to mix with the fuel FU injected through the nozzle 70, and the other flow is introduced into the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine 930 to push the supercharger turbine 930 to rotate, thereby driving the supercharger compressor 920 to rotate, and compressing the air obtained from the external environment. The booster compressor 920 sucks air from the external environment, compresses the air, and introduces the compressed air into the nozzle 70 to boost and speed up the fuel. The fuel FU in the fuel storage tank 80 is pressurized and accelerated and then sprayed into the combustion chamber 40 through the nozzle 70, and high-temperature and high-pressure gas is generated through combustion; the high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the turbine to do work through expansion, and the turbine is pushed to drive the gas compressor and the external load rotor to rotate together at a high speed. Since the ejection speed of the fuel FU is increased, the position of the flame is advanced away from the nozzle 70, so that the flame is prevented from backing up the nozzle 70. After doing work in the turbine, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is discharged through the exhaust end ET of the turbine 30, wherein a part of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is introduced into the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine 930 to push the supercharger turbine 930 to rotate, and then the supercharger compressor 920 is driven to rotate, so that the air obtained from the external environment is compressed.

Example 7

A gas turbine having the same structure as that of embodiment 1 (see fig. 9), except that: the rotating shaft 10 is further provided with a gas bearing 60, and the gas bearing 60 can be a radial bearing and/or a thrust bearing. The position of the gas bearing 60 may be the end of the rotating shaft 10 far away from the turbine 30, between the compressor 20 and the turbine 30, or both.

The air outlet end of the booster compressor 920 may be in communication with the air bearing 60 and supply air to the air bearing 60.

The gas bearing 60 may be a hydrostatic bearing or a hybrid bearing, and the gas bearing 60 may be in communication with the external gas source 50.

The external air source 50 may be an air pump.

Example 8

A gas turbine having the same structure as that of embodiment 2 (see fig. 10), except that: the rotating shaft 10 is further provided with a gas bearing 60, and the gas bearing 60 can be a radial bearing and/or a thrust bearing. The position of the gas bearing 60 may be the end of the rotating shaft 10 far away from the turbine 30, between the compressor 20 and the turbine 30, or both.

The external air source 50 may be an air pump.

Example 9

A gas turbine having the same structure as in example 1, except that: the free turbine is opposite to the turbine and/or the supercharger turbine, exhaust of the turbine and/or the supercharger turbine can drive the free turbine to rotate to do work, for example, the free turbine shaft is connected with the generator to further drive the generator to generate electricity.

The above examples are provided to those of ordinary skill in the art to fully disclose and describe how to make and use the claimed embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure herein. Modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A gas turbine comprises a rotating shaft, a gas compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine, wherein the gas compressor and the turbine are arranged on the rotating shaft, the gas outlet end of the gas compressor is communicated with the gas inlet end of the combustion chamber, the gas outlet end of the combustion chamber is communicated with the gas inlet end of the turbine, a nozzle is arranged in the combustion chamber, and the nozzle is communicated with a fuel storage tank; the method is characterized in that: the turbocharger also comprises a supercharger, wherein the supercharger comprises a shaft, a supercharger air compressor and a supercharger turbine which are coaxially connected; the air outlet end of the compressor and/or the exhaust end of the turbine are/is communicated with the air inlet end of the turbine of the supercharger, and the air outlet end of the compressor of the supercharger is communicated with the nozzle and provides high-pressure air for pressurizing and accelerating the fuel sprayed out through the nozzle.

2. The gas turbine of claim 1, wherein: the air outlet end of the air compressor is also communicated with the air inlet end of the supercharger air compressor.

3. The gas turbine of claim 2, wherein: the air outlet end of the compressor is respectively communicated with the air inlet end of the combustion chamber and the air inlet end of the supercharger compressor, and the air outlet end of the turbine is communicated with the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine;

or: the air outlet end of the air compressor is respectively communicated with the air inlet end of the combustion chamber, the air inlet end of the supercharger air compressor and the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine;

or: the air outlet end of the air compressor is respectively communicated with the air inlet end of the combustion chamber, the air inlet end of the supercharger air compressor and the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine, and the air outlet end of the turbine is communicated with the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine.

4. The gas turbine of claim 1, wherein: the air outlet end of the compressor is only communicated with the air inlet end of the combustion chamber, and the air outlet end of the turbine is communicated with the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine;

or: the air outlet end of the air compressor is respectively communicated with the air inlet end of the combustion chamber and the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine;

or: the air outlet end of the air compressor is respectively communicated with the air inlet end of the combustion chamber and the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine, and the air outlet end of the turbine is communicated with the air inlet end of the supercharger turbine.

5. The gas turbine of claim 1, wherein: the exhaust gas of the turbine and/or the supercharger turbine can drive the free turbine to rotate to do work.

6. The gas turbine of claim 1, wherein: the supercharger also includes an electric motor.

7. The gas turbine of claim 1, wherein: the front end of the nozzle is provided with a necking.

8. The gas turbine of claim 1, wherein: and the rotating shaft is also provided with a gas bearing, and the gas bearing is a radial bearing and/or a thrust bearing.

9. The gas turbine of claim 8, wherein: and the air outlet end of the supercharger compressor is communicated with the air bearing and supplies air to the air bearing.

10. The gas turbine of claim 8, wherein: the gas bearing is a static pressure bearing or a dynamic and static pressure mixed bearing.