CN216142814U

CN216142814U - Intermittent rotary engine

Info

Publication number: CN216142814U
Application number: CN202121365000.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蔡小燕; 柳朝阳
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-06-19
Filing date: 2021-06-19
Publication date: 2022-03-29
Anticipated expiration: 2031-06-19

Abstract

The invention provides an intermittent rotary engine, which converts intermittent work of a positive displacement engine into rotary work, wherein the compression, combustion and work processes are relatively independent in the running process of the engine. The engine comprises a low-pressure compressor, a high-pressure compressor, a torsional type combustor, a gas regulator, a diffuser chamber and the like, wherein all components of the engine are mutually independent, the compression process and the work-doing process control the amount of gas entering each section through the action of the gas regulator, and the air compression ratio and the external work-doing ratio are regulated. The engine converts the engine working mode from positive displacement to speed type through the torsional mode combustor, and simultaneously keeps the characteristics of high working pressure of the positive displacement engine and high power density of the speed type engine.

Description

Intermittent rotary engine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of power machinery, in particular to an intermittent rotary engine.

Background

The existing engines convert chemical energy of fuel into mechanical energy, and mainly comprise reciprocating engines, rotary engines, gas turbines and the like. The reciprocating engine works roughly due to the working characteristics of the reciprocating engine, rotates for two circles and works once, and limits the power density and the working speed of the engine; the rotary piston engine is mainly a Wankel engine, and compared with a piston type internal combustion engine, the rotary piston engine is small in size, large in power and light in weight, but due to the structural characteristics of the rotary piston engine, the rotary piston engine has the defects of large manufacturing difficulty, high requirements on precision and materials, poor durability, incomplete fuel combustion and the like, so that the application of the rotary piston engine is greatly limited; the gas turbine sucks air through a gas compressor consisting of a multistage impeller or a centrifugal impeller, the air enters a combustion chamber after the total pressure of the air is increased, the air and fuel are mixed and combusted to form high-pressure and high-temperature gas, one part of the gas drives a turbine to rotate at a high speed to drive the gas compressor to continuously suck the air, and the other part of the gas does work through the turbine to drive a load or directly jet the gas to do work. The power density, the running stability, the application range and the energy utilization efficiency of the internal combustion engine can be effectively improved by adopting measures such as improving the working speed of the internal combustion engine, changing rotary working and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an intermittent rotary engine which can effectively improve the running speed and the power density of a low-speed internal combustion engine, adopts the existing relatively mature product composition, can effectively improve the reliability and the maintainability of equipment, and reduces the running cost of the equipment.

The invention provides an intermittent rotary engine, which comprises components such as air pressurization, fuel combustion, high-temperature and high-pressure gas torsion and diffusion flow, rotary work application, a gas regulator and the like.

The intermittent rotary engine provided by the invention is controlled by an air inlet device at an air inlet section of the torsion type combustor, compressed air enters the combustor to do work at the exhaust frequency of the high-pressure compressor to form intermittent high-temperature high-pressure gas flow, the intermittent high-temperature high-pressure gas flow enters the gas regulator after passing through a turbine of the high-pressure compressor, a part of gas flows into the low-pressure compressor, and the rest of gas flow drives a load.

Compared with the engine in the prior art, the engine provided by the invention has the advantages that the air pressurization, the fuel mixed combustion, the high-temperature gas flow torsional injection and the gas flow acting externally are relatively independent, the independent control can be realized, the system is more flexible, the special heat dissipation structure of the traditional engine is eliminated, and the energy loss is thoroughly reduced.

In the engine provided by the invention, a part of air in the diffuser chamber enters the high-pressure compressor, enters the torsional type combustor after being pressurized, and the rest part of air is used for cooling the high-pressure compressor, the torsional type combustor and other parts.

According to the engine provided by the invention, the high-pressure compressor is arranged in the diffuser chamber, the temperature of the high-pressure compressor is reduced by using low-pressure compressed air in the working process of the high-pressure compressor, the compressed air in the diffuser absorbs the heat of the high-pressure compressor, the energy loss is reduced, and the heat dissipation energy of the high-pressure compressor is reused by the engine along with the continuous air suction and pressurization of the high-pressure compressor.

The engine provided by the invention can realize continuous control of the air pressure boost ratio by adjusting the gas flow output ratio, the opening time of the air inlet device of the twisted burner air inlet and fuel mixing section and the air flow in the diffuser chamber for heat dissipation.

According to the engine provided by the invention, the larger the air supercharging ratio is, the smaller the gas outlet of the torsional type combustor is, the smaller the gas regulator is, and the more compact the engine is.

The engine takes high-temperature and high-pressure gas flow as a control object, and solves the problems that the conventional engine cannot adapt to the optimal inflation efficiency, the optimal air-fuel ratio, the efficient combustion of fuel and the maximized power output under different working conditions under the action of the gas regulator.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, in which the dotted lines represent the internal gas circuit of the engine, and the exemplary embodiments and the description of the present invention are used for explaining the present invention and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the engine of the present embodiment employs a multi-stage air supercharging scheme.

Referring to fig. 2, the engine of the present embodiment employs a one-stage air-charging scheme.

Referring to fig. 3, the overall assembly structure of the engine of the present embodiment does not include the low-pressure compressor and the external work application structure.

Referring to fig. 4, the engine of the present embodiment is shown in an exploded view.

Referring to fig. 5, a high pressure compressor of the engine of the present embodiment is shown.

Referring to fig. 6, a multi-tube structure is illustrated for the torsional mode combustor of the engine of the present embodiment, the number of combustion tubes may be adjusted according to actual requirements or only a single-tube structure is adopted, and this figure is only for showing the structure of the torsional mode combustor.

Referring to fig. 7, the combustion tube of the engine of the present embodiment is shown in a multi-tube twisted burner, and the number of the combustion tubes can be adjusted according to actual requirements.

Referring to fig. 8, a schematic cross-sectional view of a gas regulator of the engine of the present embodiment is shown.

In the figure: 1: a low pressure compressor gas turbine; 2: a diffuser chamber; 21: a diffuser chamber front end; 22: a diffuser chamber rear end; 3: a high pressure compressor; 4: a torsional mode burner; 41: an intake air and fuel mixing section; 42: a combustion section; 43: twisting the diffuser section; 44: a voltage-sharing flame-linking section; 5: a drive shaft; 6: a gas regulator; 61: a gas flow channel of the low-pressure compressor; 62: a working gas flow channel; 63: a gas flow regulating device; 64: a gas regulator housing; 7: working gas flow; 8: a high pressure compressor turbine; 9: a low pressure compressor turbine.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that, in the present application, features of the embodiments and the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict, the present disclosure only describes a technology for converting intermittent work into rotational work of a positive displacement engine, and the rest of the continuous operation of the engine in the present invention adopts a mature structure of the existing engine, and will not be described in detail.

In order to overcome the defects of the displacement engine such as rough work, low work frequency, low power density, large vibration and the like; the rotary piston engine has the defects of high manufacturing difficulty, high precision and material requirements, poor durability, incomplete fuel combustion and the like; the gas turbine has the defects of high rotating speed, overlarge fuel consumption, complex processing, high installation difficulty, high technical requirements on maintenance and the like. The embodiment provides compressed air by utilizing the air supercharging technology of a positive displacement engine or a gas turbine, and is mainly characterized in that intermittent combustion is adopted, the compressed air and fuel are mixed at a certain frequency and then enter a combustor to generate high-temperature and high-pressure gas flow, the gas flow enters a turbine 8 of a high-pressure compressor 3 at a certain tangential speed by twisting a twisting diffusion section 43 of the combustor 4 to impact the turbine 8 to rotate to do work, gas coming out of the turbine of the high-pressure compressor enters a gas regulator, a part of the gas flow enters a low-pressure compressor, and the rest of the gas flow drives a load, and when the exhaust frequency of the high-pressure compressor reaches a certain degree, the high-pressure compressor can approximately rotate to do work continuously. The engine

The engine takes high-temperature and high-pressure gas flow as a control object, and solves the problems that the conventional engine cannot adapt to the optimal inflation efficiency, the optimal air-fuel ratio, the efficient combustion of fuel and the maximized power output under different working conditions through the action of a gas regulator.

The structural system of the engine of the embodiment comprises a low-pressure gas compressor 1, a high-pressure gas compressor 3, a torsional type combustor 4, a gas regulator 5, a diffuser chamber 2, a low-pressure gas compressor turbine 9 and a high-pressure gas compressor turbine 8.

The engine scheme of the embodiment comprises a low-pressure compressor, a speed reducer, a combustor air inlet control device, a fuel injection device and a starting system, wherein the structure part of the engine scheme is not shown in detail; the low-pressure compressor adopts a conventional turbocharger, the speed reducer, the combustor air inlet control device and the fuel injection device all adopt the mature technology of the existing engine, the scheme is not shown, the starting system of the embodiment adopts compressed air, the function is single, and detailed description is omitted. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, two different working modes of the intermittent rotary engine are shown, referring to fig. 1, a multi-stage supercharging scheme is shown, a schematic diagram shows only two-stage supercharging, multiple stages and various supercharging schemes can be selected according to actual requirements, a low-pressure compressor can be connected to an intercooler, the scheme is not shown, referring to fig. 2, the low-pressure compressor is only included, the low-pressure compressor can be connected to the intercooler, the scheme is not shown, and an appropriate supercharging scheme can be selected according to conditions such as operating speed and air pressure of an actual load. Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the intermittent rotary engine is generally constructed and exploded to show only a portion of the structural components that must be included to convert the intermittent work of the positive displacement engine into rotary work.

Referring to fig. 5, a gas generation and control portion of the intermittent rotary engine.

Referring to fig. 8, the gas regulator for the intermittent rotary engine is shown in the figure, the gas flow regulating device is only used for expressing the control principle and does not represent the actual equipment, and various devices capable of limiting high-temperature and high-pressure gas flows, such as a sphere, a cone and the like, can be adopted as the gas flow regulating device.

The operation mode of the engine of the embodiment:

the engine of the embodiment is started by compressed air, the compressed air is mixed with fuel by an air inlet control device (not shown in the figure) in an air inlet and fuel mixing section 41 of the torsional type combustor 4, then the mixed air enters a combustion section 42 of the torsional type combustor 4, a high-temperature high-pressure gas flow is generated by ignition, after the high-temperature high-pressure gas flow drives the star type compressor to work by a turbine 8 of the high-pressure compressor 3, the high-temperature high-pressure gas enters the gas regulator 6 and is divided into two parts, one part of the gas enters a turbine 9 of the low-pressure compressor through a low-pressure compressor gas flow passage 61 to rotate at a high speed so as to drive the compressor 1 to continuously suck air, the other part of the gas enters a turbine through a working gas flow passage 62 to drive a load or directly inject, and the system is started.

High-temperature high-pressure gas flow generated in the torsional type combustor 4 has certain static pressure and dynamic pressure, the air flow dynamic pressure is mainly in the center of the torsional diffusion section 43, gas is velocity flow, pressure flow is mainly outside the center of the torsional diffusion section 43, the gas flow with pressure is subjected to diffusion and deceleration under the action of the torsional diffusion section 43 and the pressure-equalizing flame-connecting section 44 of the combustor, and the gas flow with pressure is uniformly distributed and enters a turbine of the high-pressure compressor; the multi-tube torsion burner is adopted, each combustion tube alternately applies work at a certain frequency, flame is provided for the tubular burner at the rest of the combustion stage or the combustion ending section, the combustion efficiency is improved, and the conditions that ignition fails in the tubular burner and fuel is not completely combusted are reduced. When the engine operating frequency is low, the combustion pipes of the torsional combustor 4 are ignited, and when the engine operating frequency is high, the combustion pipes of the torsional combustor 4 are ignited in a co-combustion manner.

The high pressure compressor 3 in this embodiment is of a radial engine configuration and may be other single stage or multi-stage devices having a single shaft or split on multiple independent shafts in parallel or series and may be a centrifugal or axial air booster. The power part adopts gas flow to impact a turbine 8 to rotate, the turbine is connected with a star-shaped compressor through a transmission shaft 5 and a speed reducer, and the high-pressure compressor 3 sucks compressed air in the diffuser chamber 2 and continues to pressurize.

In the high-pressure compressor 3 of the star-shaped engine structure in the embodiment, an air inlet valve and an exhaust valve are omitted, the cylinder is only responsible for improving air pressure and does not participate in combustion, the turbine rotates for a circle, the cylinder completes primary air compression and discharge, and the pressure and the temperature in the cylinder are far lower than those of a common piston engine, so that the cylinder, the piston and the like can be designed in a light weight mode, lubrication and heat dissipation can be simply processed, the operation speed of the compressor can be improved, and the power density of the engine is more than 2 times that of the common piston engine.

In the air compressor with the star-shaped engine structure in the embodiment, the lower part of the cylinder of the star-shaped engine is provided with the plurality of small holes, and when the piston is lower than the height of the small holes, the compressed air in the diffuser can quickly enter the cylinder through the small holes.

In the high-pressure compressor 3 of the star-type engine structure in the embodiment, in order to facilitate the discharge of high-pressure air, the top of a cylinder of the high-pressure compressor 3 is slightly inclined and raised, an air outlet hole is formed in the side wall of the cylinder, the air outlet hole of the cylinder of the high-pressure compressor 3 is fixedly connected with an air inlet and fuel mixing section of a torsion burner, when the pressure in the high-pressure compressor reaches a preset value, an air inlet device in the air inlet and fuel mixing section of the torsion burner 4 is opened, the high-pressure air and fuel are mixed and then rapidly enter the torsion burner, and high-temperature high-pressure gas is generated after combustion to drive a turbine 8 of the high-pressure compressor to rotate.

In the embodiment, the lightweight design of the cylinder 3 and the piston of the high-pressure compressor is beneficial to improving the running speed of the compressor. The power of the engine is not limited by the rotating speed of the engine any more, and is only related to the air intake of the engine and the air intake of the low-pressure supercharger, and the power density of the engine can reach more than 2 times of that of a common piston engine.

The speed regulation process of the engine of the embodiment is as follows:

after the engine of the embodiment enters a working project, the total power of the system can be continuously adjusted according to the load condition.

In the engine of the embodiment, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas flow is used as a control object, a part of the gas flows into the turbine 9 of the low-pressure compressor through the gas of the turbine 8 of the high-pressure compressor 3 under the action of the gas regulator 6, and the rest of the gas flow drives the load, so that the engine can approximately continuously rotate to apply work after the exhaust frequency of the high-pressure compressor 3 reaches a certain degree.

After the system is started, the load is light, and one or more combustion pipes can be selected to be closed for saving fuel.

When the system needs to be accelerated, more fuel oil is injected into the engine to boost the high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas quantity, meanwhile, the control fuel gas flow adjusting device 63 in the fuel gas regulator 6 reduces acting fuel gas flow, increases fuel gas flow in the turbine 8 of the low-pressure compressor 3, enables the air compression wheel 1 of the low-pressure compressor to accelerate air suction and boosting, and enables the high-pressure compressor 3 to suck more air and fuel to be mixed and then enter the torsional type combustor 4 to generate more high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas flow.

The air conditioning method of the engine of the embodiment:

after the system is started, the load is frequently changeable, the output power of the engine needs to be adjusted in real time, and the simplest and most effective method is to adjust the air quantity entering the engine.

The components of the engine are mutually independent, the air pressure ratio is limited by a plurality of factors, the dynamic pressure ratio of the low-pressure air compressor, the air flow rate of the diffuser chamber 2, the working frequency of the high-pressure air compressor 3, the opening advance angle of an air inlet control device in the torsion burner 4 and the like are mainly adopted, the system control is flexible, the working speed of the low-pressure air compressor 3 is improved, the air compressed in the diffuser chamber 2 can be increased, the heat dissipation air flow rate is increased, the air in the diffuser chamber 2 is reduced, the working frequency of the high-pressure air compressor 3 is higher, the air in the diffuser chamber 2 is less, the opening of the air inlet control device in the torsion burner 4 is earlier, and the total air pressure ratio is lower.

In order to ensure the normal and reliable operation of the system, the pressure of the diffuser chamber 2 is taken as a control object for air conditioning, the system ensures the air flow rate in the high-pressure compressor 3 in real time, and further adjusts the working proportion of the gas flow in the gas regulator 6.

When the pressure in the diffuser chamber 2 is lower than a limit value, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas flow entering the low-pressure compressor turbine 9 is increased.

When the pressure in the diffuser chamber 2 exceeds a limit value, the flow of high-temperature and high-pressure gas entering the low-pressure compressor turbine 9 is reduced.

Because the system directly leads high-temperature and high-pressure gas flow out of the adjusting gas regulator 6, the feedback speed of the system is high, the hysteresis is light, the pressure of the diffuser chamber 2 can be maintained in a stable state under the condition of different air pressures, the air is sufficient, and the fuel can be efficiently combusted.

According to the engine of the embodiment, the invention is realized by blowing a plurality of turbines to independently drive the engine to operate in the processes of air suction, air compression and gas discharge, and compared with the traditional gas turbine engine, the turbines are independently installed and do not interfere with each other. Meanwhile, the engine provided by the invention mainly controls the working proportion and the flow direction of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas flow, so that the installation position and the installation mode of the engine can be flexibly set, the installation complexity of the engine is reduced, each part can be independently assembled and disassembled, and the reliability, the maintainability and the working efficiency are improved.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described preferred embodiments, but various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and the principle of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and scope of the present invention should be construed as being included in the present invention.

Claims

1. An intermittent rotary engine, characterized in that:

the intermittent rotary engine comprises a low-pressure compressor, a high-pressure compressor, a torsional burner, a gas regulator and a diffuser chamber; air is sucked by the low-pressure compressor, enters the diffuser chamber after being pressurized, the air after being pressurized continuously enters the front section of the torsional type combustor after passing through the high-pressure compressor, and enters the combustion section of the torsional type combustor after being mixed with fuel to form high-temperature high-pressure gas, the high-temperature high-pressure gas outputs a part of work to drive the high-pressure compressor in a turbine of the high-pressure compressor, the rest part of work drives the low-pressure compressor through the gas regulator, and the gas regulator controls the proportion of the low-pressure compressor and the intermittent rotary engine which do work outwards; the intermittent rotary engine applies work to the outside and is mainly used for selecting the power converter according to the load requirement.

2. An intermittent rotary engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

the low-pressure air compressor adopts a mature turbocharger structure in the market, leads one path of high-temperature and high-pressure gas out of the gas regulator to enter the turbocharger and drive the turbine to rotate, so that the air compression wheel is driven to suck ambient air and pressurize the air.

3. An intermittent rotary engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

the high-pressure compressor is driven by a turbine arranged at the outlet of the torsional type combustor through a transmission shaft and a speed reducer, so that the air pressure output by the low-pressure compressor in the diffuser chamber is improved; the high-pressure compressor comprises a rotary air supercharging device and a device capable of effectively improving the gas pressure.

4. An intermittent rotary engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

the torsional type combustor adopts a tubular variable cross-section torsional curved surface structure; the torsional type combustor is structurally and sequentially divided into an air inlet and fuel mixing section, a combustion section, a torsional diffusion section and a pressure equalizing cross-flame section.

5. An intermittent rotary engine as claimed in claim 4, wherein:

the air inlet and fuel mixing section of the torsional mode combustor is internally provided with an air inlet device, a high-pressure fuel injector and an igniter, and the section of the combustor is mainly used for controlling high-pressure air flow, fuel injection and optimizing air-fuel ratio.

6. An intermittent rotary engine as claimed in claim 4, wherein:

the torsional diffusion section at the front part of each combustion tube of the torsional combustor is mainly used for adjusting the flow direction of high-temperature and high-pressure gas, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas flows along the radial direction and the axial direction simultaneously, so that high-temperature and high-pressure gas flow enters a turbine of the high-pressure gas compressor at a certain angle along the tangential direction.

7. An intermittent rotary engine as claimed in claim 4, wherein:

the torsional type combustor shrinks conically along the axial direction, the volume of air is reduced after the air is pressurized by the low-pressure air compressor and the high-pressure air compressor, the section of the combustor is smaller than that of the air compressor, the shrinking section of the combustor reduces, and the pressure equalizing flame connecting section of the torsional type combustor and the section of a turbine of the high-pressure air compressor synchronously reduce.

8. An intermittent rotary engine as claimed in claim 4, wherein:

the pressure equalizing flame coupling section of the torsion type combustor is of a fan-shaped expansion structure, the torsion type combustor can adopt a single pipe or multiple pipes, and the pressure equalizing flame coupling section of the torsion type combustor is mainly used for adjusting the pressure difference of gas in the fan-shaped expansion structure at the outlet of each tubular combustor, providing flame for other tubular combustors in a combustion stage or a combustion ending section, improving the combustion efficiency and reducing the occurrence of ignition failure and unburnt fuel in the tubular combustors.

9. An intermittent rotary engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

the gas regulator is arranged at the rear section of the power turbine of the high-pressure compressor, gas is diffused and decelerated in the gas regulator to drive the low-pressure compressor, and the gas regulator is mainly used for regulating the proportion of the low-pressure compressor and the intermittent rotary engine to do work outwards, so that the engine is ensured to suck sufficient air, and the power output efficiency of the engine is improved.