CN216120061U

CN216120061U - Direct-current high-speed mechanical switch

Info

Publication number: CN216120061U
Application number: CN202122304273.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭武军; 同建文; 张苏
Original assignee: ZHUZHOU QINGYUN ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE ACCESSORIES FACTORY CO Ltd
Current assignee: ZHUZHOU QINGYUN ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE ACCESSORIES FACTORY CO Ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-23
Filing date: 2021-09-23
Publication date: 2022-03-22
Anticipated expiration: 2031-09-23

Abstract

The utility model discloses a direct-current high-speed mechanical switch, which comprises an electric permanent magnet device, an insulating pull rod and a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber, wherein the electric permanent magnet device, the insulating pull rod and the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber are sequentially arranged along a set direction; the electromagnetic assembly is electrified with forward current to generate a magnetic field which is in the same direction as the fixed iron core, attracts the movable iron core to move and contact with the fixed iron core, and drives the insulating pull rod to move so as to enable the movable contact and the fixed contact to be separated from the brake; or the electromagnetic component is electrified with reverse current to offset the magnetic field of the fixed iron core, the opening spring pushes the movable iron core to drive the insulating pull rod to move so as to enable the movable contact and the fixed contact to be switched on. The direct-current high-speed mechanical switch has the advantages of simple structure, sensitive transmission, effective improvement of brake-separating speed, adjustable brake-separating time and the like.

Description

Direct-current high-speed mechanical switch

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of switch equipment, in particular to a direct-current high-speed mechanical switch.

Background

The direct current quick circuit breaker that direct current drive rail transit field such as current domestic intercity locomotive, subway used all chooses for use mostly is foreign brand, for advancing key components and parts localization process, and the happy national industry needs to design a circuit breaker structure that is different from foreign direct current quick circuit breaker. In the structural design scheme of the selectable novel circuit breaker, the structure can be composed of a power electronic loop and a direct-current high-speed mechanical switch, the direct-current high-speed mechanical switch is used as a through-flow branch for conducting steady-state current of a direct-current main loop, and the power electronic loop is used as a transfer branch for bearing short-circuit current of a direct-current system and establishing transient on-off voltage in a short time.

However, in this structure, the operation process of the dc fast breaker is: when the switch needs to be switched on, the power electronic circuit is switched on by the pilot, the direct-current high-speed mechanical switch is switched on when the system is normal, then the power electronic circuit is switched off, at the moment, the direct-current high-speed mechanical switch bears normal direct current of the main circuit, and the direct-current quick breaker is switched on normally. When the switching-off is needed, the power electronic loop is switched on in a pilot mode, the direct-current high-speed mechanical switch is driven to perform the switching-off action, when the opening distance of a contact of a vacuum arc extinguish chamber in the direct-current high-speed mechanical switch reaches a certain distance, the generated arc voltage enables current to be transferred from the direct-current high-speed mechanical switch loop to the power electronic loop, then the current value flowing through the direct-current high-speed mechanical switch is reduced to zero, the contact arcing is extinguished, the voltage between the contacts is only the conducting voltage of the power electronic loop at the moment, the value of the voltage is only a few volts and is far smaller than the working voltage 1800V, therefore, the contact can not be re-ignited, then the direct-current high-speed mechanical switch continues to complete the switching-off action until the opening distance is completed, and when the opening distance reaches the voltage capable of bearing the system transient recovery voltage (namely the transient recovery voltage generated by the switching-off current of the power electronic loop), the power electronic loop can be disconnected.

Therefore, in the process of opening the switch, the power electronic circuit needs to bear a large current load for a period of time, but the time for the power electronic circuit to bear the large current load is short, only 7-10 milliseconds, which requires that the opening time of the direct-current high-speed mechanical switch is as short as possible. The existing direct current high-speed mechanical switch is complex in structure, so that the sensitivity is reduced, the transmission process between parts is prolonged, the switching-off is difficult to complete within a limited time, the existing direct current high-speed mechanical switch drives the vacuum arc extinguish chamber contact to switch off through the breaking of the upper-level structure such as an electromagnetic device, and after the device is produced and installed, the breaking time is fixed, and further promotion cannot be carried out.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides the adjustable direct-current high-speed mechanical switch which is simple in structure, sensitive in transmission and capable of effectively improving the brake-separating speed and the brake-separating time.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the utility model is as follows:

a direct current high-speed mechanical switch comprises an electric permanent magnet device, an insulating pull rod and a vacuum arc extinguish chamber which are sequentially arranged along a set direction, wherein the electric permanent magnet device comprises an electromagnetic assembly and a permanent magnet assembly, the permanent magnet assembly comprises a movable iron core and a fixed iron core which can relatively move along the set direction and a brake separating spring which is connected between the fixed iron core and the movable iron core along the set direction by a supporting rod, a movable contact and a fixed contact which can relatively move along the set direction are arranged in the vacuum arc extinguish chamber, and the insulating pull rod is connected between the movable iron core and the movable contact; the electromagnetic assembly is electrified with forward current to generate a magnetic field which is in the same direction as the fixed iron core, attracts the movable iron core to move and contact with the fixed iron core, and drives the insulating pull rod to move so as to enable the movable contact and the fixed contact to be separated; or the electromagnetic assembly is electrified with reverse current to offset the magnetic field of the fixed iron core, and the opening spring pushes the movable iron core to drive the insulating pull rod to move so as to enable the movable contact and the fixed contact to be switched on.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

and the surface of the fixed iron core or the movable iron core is provided with an inner concave area for accommodating the opening spring.

The electromagnetic assembly is powered off after the movable iron core is contacted with the fixed iron core, and the adsorption force of the fixed iron core to the movable iron core at the contact position is greater than the jacking force of the opening spring compressed to the position.

The electromagnetic assembly is powered off after the movable iron core moves to the release position of the switch-on of the vacuum arc extinguish chamber, and the adsorption force of the fixed iron core to the movable iron core at the release position is smaller than the jacking force of the brake separating spring for jacking to the position.

The direct-current high-speed mechanical switch further comprises a control device and an energy storage capacitor, wherein the control device is used for receiving a closing signal or an opening signal, and the control device triggers the energy storage capacitor to supply reverse current or forward current to the electromagnetic assembly according to the closing signal or the opening signal.

The direct-current high-speed mechanical switch further comprises a feedback switch used for detecting the relative position of the movable iron core and the fixed iron core and sending a feedback signal to the control device, and the control device drives the energy storage capacitor to stop supplying power according to the feedback signal.

The direct-current high-speed mechanical switch further comprises a shell, and the electric permanent magnet device, the insulating pull rod and the vacuum arc extinguish chamber are sequentially installed and connected in the shell along a set direction.

The vacuum arc extinguish chamber further comprises an output line and an input line, one end of the output line is connected with the fixed contact, the other end of the output line extends out of the shell, one end of the input line is connected with the moving contact, and the other end of the input line extends out of the shell.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that:

the utility model relates to a direct-current high-speed mechanical switch which comprises an electric permanent magnet device, an insulating pull rod and a vacuum arc extinguish chamber, wherein the electric permanent magnet device, the insulating pull rod and the vacuum arc extinguish chamber are sequentially arranged along a set direction, a movable iron core of a permanent magnet assembly moves relative to a fixed iron core along the set direction, and the insulating pull rod is driven to move along the set direction, so that a movable contact and a fixed contact in the vacuum arc extinguish chamber are switched on or switched off along the set direction. Therefore, the direct current high-speed mechanical switch has the advantages that no matter the driving force or the transmission force is along the consistent set direction, no additional other steering transmission mechanisms are needed to carry out steering transmission in midway, the internal structure is greatly simplified, the transmission times are reduced, and the transmission sensitivity is effectively improved. Meanwhile, the occupied space is saved, and the manufacturing cost and the installation difficulty are reduced.

More importantly, the direct-current high-speed mechanical switch utilizes the change of the electrifying direction of the electromagnetic assembly to enable the fixed iron core to adsorb the movable iron core or release the movable iron core. The corresponding closing of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber is carried out when the movable iron core is released, and the closing time is fixed after the switch is produced, so that the repeatability is good. The brake separating speed of the vacuum arc extinguish chamber is determined by the adsorption speed of the fixed iron core and the electromagnetic assembly on the movable iron core when the movable iron core is adsorbed, so that the brake separating speed can be completely adjusted according to the electrifying condition of the electromagnetic assembly, and a plurality of optional schemes for reducing the brake separating time include but not limited to improving the voltage of a power supply capacitor, increasing the capacity of the power supply capacitor, increasing the driving current, reducing the quality of moving parts such as the movable iron core and an insulating pull rod, prolonging the electrifying time, reducing friction, preventing electromagnetic eddy current, optimizing the number of turns of a coil of the electromagnetic assembly, optimizing the wire diameter of the electromagnetic assembly and the like. Compared with the existing switch which adopts superior breaking to drive the vacuum arc extinguish chamber to break, the breaking of the utility model not only can adjust the speed, but also can improve the speed to different degrees by various means. Therefore, the direct-current quick circuit breaker adopting the direct-current high-speed mechanical switch can complete switching-off in as short a time as possible, avoid a power electronic loop from bearing a large-current load for a long time, and prolong the service life of the circuit breaker.

Drawings

Fig. 1 and 2 are schematic structural views of a direct current high speed mechanical switch of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the permanent magnet assembly in the dc high speed mechanical switch of the present invention.

Illustration of the drawings: 1. an electro-permanent magnetic device; 11. a movable iron core; 12. fixing an iron core; 13. a brake opening spring; 2. an insulating pull rod; 3. a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber; 31. an output line; 32. an input line; 4. a control device; 5. an energy storage capacitor; 6. a feedback switch; 7. a housing.

Detailed Description

In order to facilitate understanding of the utility model, the utility model will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of the utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments below.

Example (b):

as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the direct current high speed mechanical switch of this embodiment includes an electric permanent magnet device 1, an insulating pull rod 2, and a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber 3 sequentially arranged along a set direction, where the electric permanent magnet device 1 includes an electromagnetic component and a permanent magnet component, the permanent magnet component includes a movable iron core 11 and a fixed iron core 12 that can relatively move along the set direction, and a tripping spring 13 connected between the fixed iron core 12 and the movable iron core 11 along the set direction, a movable contact and a fixed contact that can relatively move along the set direction are provided in the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber 3, and the insulating pull rod 2 is connected between the movable iron core 11 and the movable contact; the electromagnetic component is electrified with forward current to generate a magnetic field which is in the same direction as the fixed iron core 12, attracts the movable iron core 11 to move to be in contact with the fixed iron core 12, and drives the insulating pull rod 2 to move to enable the movable contact and the fixed contact to be separated; or the electromagnetic component is electrified with reverse current to counteract the magnetic field of the fixed iron core 12, the opening spring 13 pushes the movable iron core 11 to drive the insulating pull rod 2 to move so as to enable the movable contact and the fixed contact to be switched on.

In the direct-current high-speed mechanical switch, no matter the driving force or the transmission force is along the consistent set direction, no additional other steering transmission mechanisms are needed to steer and transmit force midway, the internal structure is greatly simplified, the force transmission times are reduced, and the force transmission sensitivity is effectively improved. Meanwhile, the occupied space is saved, and the manufacturing cost and the installation difficulty are reduced.

More importantly, the dc high-speed mechanical switch of the present embodiment uses the change of the current-carrying direction of the electromagnetic assembly to make the fixed iron core 12 attract the movable iron core 11 or release the movable iron core 11. The closing of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber 3 is correspondingly performed when the movable iron core 11 is released, and the closing time is fixed after the switch is produced, so that the repeatability is good. The brake separating of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber 3 corresponds to the adsorption of the movable iron core 11, and the brake separating speed depends on the adsorption speed of the movable iron core 11 by the fixed iron core 12 and the electromagnetic assembly, so that the brake separating speed can be completely adjusted according to the electrifying condition of the electromagnetic assembly, and a plurality of selectable schemes for reducing the brake separating time are provided, including but not limited to improving the voltage of a power supply capacitor, increasing the capacity of the power supply capacitor, increasing the driving current, reducing the mass of moving parts such as the movable iron core 11 and the insulating pull rod 2, prolonging the electrifying time, reducing the friction, preventing the electromagnetic eddy current, optimizing the number of turns of a coil of the electromagnetic assembly, optimizing the wire diameter of the electromagnetic assembly and the like. Compared with the existing switch which adopts superior breaking to drive the vacuum arc extinguish chamber 3 to break, the breaking of the embodiment not only can adjust the speed, but also can improve the speed to different degrees by various means. Therefore, the direct-current quick circuit breaker adopting the direct-current high-speed mechanical switch can complete switching-off in as short a time as possible, avoid a power electronic loop from bearing a large-current load for a long time, and prolong the service life of the circuit breaker.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the surface of the fixed iron core 12 or the movable iron core 11 is provided with an inner concave area for accommodating the opening spring 13, so that when the fixed iron core 12 adsorbs the movable iron core 11, the opening spring 13 is compressed to an extreme position, and the two can not be attached to each other. The permanent magnet component can be made of a strong magnetic conduction and low electric conduction material, and is structurally insulated and isolated, so that the electromagnetic driving efficiency is improved, and electromagnetic eddy current is prevented.

In this embodiment, the adsorption principle of the electro-permanent magnetic device 1 is electromagnetic drive permanent magnet maintenance, the electromagnetic assembly is powered off after the movable iron core 11 contacts the fixed iron core 12, at this time, because there is no air gap contact, the magnetic field of the fixed iron core 12 is applied on the movable iron core 11 to generate a very large magnetic force, and the adsorption force of the contact position on the movable iron core 11 is far greater than the jacking force of the opening spring 13 compressed to the position, thereby maintaining the attachment state of the movable iron core and the fixed iron core, ensuring that the mechanism is not accidentally separated due to factors such as locomotive vibration, sudden stop brake, storm and the like, and keeping the vacuum arc extinguish chamber 3 open.

In this embodiment, the release principle of the electro-permanent magnetic device 1 is that the opening spring 13 is electromagnetically driven to be kept, the electromagnetic assembly is powered off after the movable iron core 11 moves to the release position of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber 3 to be switched on, because an air gap exists between the fixed iron core 12 and the movable iron core 11 and a certain distance exists, the magnetic force is far higher than the weakening degree of the elastic force of the opening spring 13 along the extension length along the gradual weakening degree of the distance, the adsorption force of the fixed iron core 12 on the movable iron core 11 at the release position is smaller than the propping force of the opening spring 13 to the position, and the separation state is ensured by the propping force of the opening spring 13.

In this embodiment, the dc high-speed mechanical switch further includes a control device 4 and an energy storage capacitor 5, where the control device 4 is configured to receive a switching-on signal or a switching-off signal, and the control device 4 sends the switching-on signal or the switching-off signal to the control device 4 according to a requirement through other remote devices or manually, and the control device 4 triggers the energy storage capacitor 5 according to the switching-on signal or the switching-off signal to supply a reverse current or a forward current to the electromagnetic component. The connection between the energy storage capacitor 5 and the electromagnetic assembly is reversible, i.e. its output and input lines are reversible, so that the current flow is bidirectional.

In this embodiment, the dc high-speed mechanical switch further includes a feedback switch 6 for detecting a relative position between the movable iron core 11 and the fixed iron core 12 and sending a feedback signal to the control device 4, when the movable iron core 11 has reached a release position in a closing process, or when the movable iron core 11 has reached a contact position in an opening process, the feedback switch 6 sends the feedback signal to the control device 4, and the control device 4 drives the energy storage capacitor 5 to stop supplying power according to the feedback signal.

In this embodiment, the dc high-speed mechanical switch further includes a housing 7, and the electro-permanent magnetic device 1, the insulating pull rod 2, and the vacuum interrupter 3 are sequentially installed and connected in the housing 7 along a set direction, so as to avoid being affected by an external environment.

In this embodiment, the vacuum interrupter 3 further includes an output line 31 and an input line 32, one end of the output line 31 is connected to the stationary contact, and the other end of the output line extends out of the housing 7, and one end of the input line 32 is connected to the movable contact, and the other end of the input line extends out of the housing 7, and is used for being connected to an external device.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A direct current high speed mechanical switch is characterized in that: the electromagnetic switch comprises an electric permanent magnet device (1), an insulating pull rod (2) and a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber (3) which are sequentially arranged along a set direction, wherein the electric permanent magnet device (1) comprises an electromagnetic assembly and a permanent magnet assembly, the permanent magnet assembly comprises a movable iron core (11) and a fixed iron core (12) which can relatively move along the set direction and a brake separating spring (13) which is connected between the fixed iron core (12) and the movable iron core (11) along a set direction and is supported by a top support along the set direction, a movable contact and a fixed contact which can relatively move along the set direction are arranged in the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber (3), and the insulating pull rod (2) is connected between the movable iron core (11) and the movable contact; the electromagnetic assembly is electrified with forward current to generate a magnetic field which is in the same direction as the fixed iron core (12), the movable iron core (11) is attracted to move to be in contact with the fixed iron core (12), and the insulating pull rod (2) is driven to move to enable the movable contact and the static contact to be switched off; or the electromagnetic assembly is electrified with reverse current to offset the magnetic field of the fixed iron core (12), and the opening spring (13) pushes the movable iron core (11) to drive the insulating pull rod (2) to move so as to close the movable contact and the fixed contact.

2. The direct current high speed mechanical switch of claim 1, wherein: and the surface of the fixed iron core (12) or the movable iron core (11) is provided with an inner concave area for accommodating the opening spring (13).

3. The direct current high speed mechanical switch of claim 1, wherein: the electromagnetic assembly is powered off after the movable iron core (11) is in contact with the fixed iron core (12), and the adsorption force of the fixed iron core (12) to the movable iron core (11) at the contact position is larger than the jacking force of the opening spring (13) compressed to the position.

4. The direct current high speed mechanical switch of claim 1, wherein: the electromagnetic assembly is powered off after the movable iron core (11) moves to a release position where the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber (3) is switched on, and the adsorption force of the fixed iron core (12) to the movable iron core (11) at the release position is smaller than the jacking force of the tripping spring (13) to the position.

5. The direct current high speed mechanical switch according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the electromagnetic component is characterized by further comprising a control device (4) and an energy storage capacitor (5), wherein the control device (4) is used for receiving a closing signal or an opening signal, and the control device (4) triggers the energy storage capacitor (5) to supply reverse current or forward current to the electromagnetic component according to the closing signal or the opening signal.

6. The direct current high speed mechanical switch of claim 5, wherein: the energy storage capacitor is characterized by further comprising a feedback switch (6) used for detecting the relative position of the movable iron core (11) and the fixed iron core (12) and sending a feedback signal to the control device (4), wherein the control device (4) drives the energy storage capacitor (5) to stop supplying power according to the feedback signal.

7. The direct current high speed mechanical switch according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: still include casing (7), electric permanent magnet device (1), insulating pull rod (2) and vacuum interrupter (3) are installed and are connected in proper order in casing (7) along setting for the direction.

8. The direct current high speed mechanical switch of claim 7, wherein: the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber (3) further comprises an output line (31) and an input line (32), one end of the output line (31) is connected with the static contact, the other end of the output line extends out of the shell (7), one end of the input line (32) is connected with the moving contact, and the other end of the input line extends out of the shell (7).