CN216086141U - Power adapter - Google Patents
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- CN216086141U CN216086141U CN202120365854.5U CN202120365854U CN216086141U CN 216086141 U CN216086141 U CN 216086141U CN 202120365854 U CN202120365854 U CN 202120365854U CN 216086141 U CN216086141 U CN 216086141U
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- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 90
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a power adapter, which comprises a voltage transformation module, a rectification filter circuit, a protection circuit and a relay, wherein the voltage transformation module is connected with the rectification filter circuit; the input end of the transformation module is connected with a mains supply through a relay, the output end of the transformation module is connected with the input end of the rectification filter circuit, the output end of the rectification filter circuit is used for being connected with a load, and the protection module is connected with the controlled end of the relay; and the protection circuit is used for detecting the power supply state of the load when the load is connected, and sending a turn-off signal to the relay when the power supply state of the load is detected to be abnormal. The utility model can detect the state of the current loop when the power adapter supplies power to the load, and timely controls the power adapter to stop supplying power when detecting that the power supply of the load is abnormal, thereby avoiding the power adapter or the load from being damaged when the power supply is abnormal, and effectively improving the safety of the power adapter.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of circuit electronics, in particular to a power adapter.
Background
The Power Adapter (Power Adapter) is a Power supply conversion device of small portable electronic equipment, and is widely matched with various electronic equipment such as a portable computer, a mobile phone, a liquid crystal display, a security camera, a set top box, a router, a lamp strip, a massager and the like.
The power adapter usually has one end connected to the power supply end and the other end connected to the load through the fixed charging interface for power supply or charging. In the process of supplying power to the load device, various abnormal phenomena, such as too high charging current or voltage, too high load temperature, etc., are easy to occur, and are not easy to be detected by a user, and the power adapter or the load is damaged even if the abnormal phenomena are too long in duration, thereby causing a safety accident.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model mainly aims to provide a power adapter, aiming at solving the problem of low safety when power is supplied to a load.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a power adapter, which includes a transformer module, a rectifier filter circuit, a protection circuit and a relay;
the input end of the transformation module is connected with a mains supply through the relay, the output end of the transformation module is connected with the input end of the rectification filter circuit, the output end of the rectification filter circuit is used for being connected with a load, and the protection circuit is connected with the controlled end of the relay;
the protection circuit is used for detecting the power supply state of the load when the load is connected, and sending a turn-off signal to the relay when the power supply state of the load is detected to be abnormal.
Optionally, the protection circuit includes a current detection module, a voltage detection module, and a temperature detection module;
the output end of the rectification filter circuit is connected with the first end of the relay through the current detection module, the detection end of the voltage detection module is connected with the second end of the relay, and the temperature detection module is used for detecting the temperature of the load when the load is connected;
the current detection module is used for detecting the power supply current when a load is connected and sending a turn-off signal to the relay when the power supply current is larger than a preset current threshold;
the voltage detection module is used for detecting the power supply voltage when a load is connected and sending a turn-off signal to the relay when the power supply voltage is greater than a preset voltage threshold value;
the temperature detection module is used for detecting the load temperature when a load is connected in and sending a turn-off signal to the relay when the load temperature is greater than a preset temperature threshold value.
Optionally, the current detection module includes a current detection chip and a first resistor;
the output end of the rectification filter circuit is connected with the first end of the relay through the first resistor, the two current detection ends of the current detection chip are respectively connected with the two ends of the first resistor, and the signal output end of the current detection chip is connected with the controlled end of the relay.
Optionally, the voltage detection module includes a voltage detection chip, a second resistor and a third resistor;
the first end of the second resistor is connected with the second end of the relay, the second end of the second resistor is connected with the first end of the third resistor, the second end of the third resistor is grounded, the voltage detection end of the voltage detection chip is connected with the first end of the third resistor, and the signal output end of the voltage detection chip is connected with the controlled end of the relay.
Optionally, the temperature detection module includes a temperature detection chip, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, and a temperature sensor disposed on the load;
the first end of the fourth resistor is connected with the second end of the relay, the second end of the fourth resistor is connected with the first end of the fifth resistor, the second end of the fifth resistor is grounded, and the temperature sensor is used for being connected with the fifth resistor in parallel when a load is connected.
Optionally, the temperature sensor is a thermistor.
Optionally, the relay is an electromagnetic relay.
Optionally, the rectifying and filtering circuit further includes a first capacitor, and an output terminal of the rectifying and filtering circuit is grounded through the first capacitor.
According to the utility model, the protection circuit is arranged in the power adapter, so that the state of the current loop can be detected when the power adapter supplies power to the load, and when the load power supply abnormality is detected, the relay can be controlled to disconnect the voltage transformation module from the mains supply, so that the power supply to the load is stopped, the abnormal state protection during the load power supply is realized, the power adapter or the load is prevented from being damaged when the power supply abnormality occurs, and the safety of the power adapter is effectively improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power adapter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram in the embodiment of fig. 1.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The reference numbers illustrate:
| reference numerals | Name (R) | Reference numerals | Name (R) |
| 10 | Voltage transformation module | AC | |
| 20 | Rectifying and filtering circuit | U1 | |
| 30 | Protective circuit | U2 | Voltage detection chip |
| 31 | Current detection module | U3 | |
| 32 | Voltage detection module | R1～R5 | First to fifth resistors |
| 33 | Temperature detection module | NTC | |
| 40 | Relay with a movable contact | K1 | |
| 50 | Load(s) | C1 | First capacitor |
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The utility model provides a power adapter which can be applied to various electronic devices and used for supplying power or charging the electronic devices.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment, the power adapter includes a transformer module 10, a rectifier filter circuit 20, a protection circuit 30, and a relay 40. The input end of the transformation module 10 is connected with the commercial power AC through the relay 40, the first end of the relay 40 is connected with the commercial power AC, the second end of the relay 40 is connected with the input end of the transformation module 10, the output end of the transformation module 10 is connected with the input end of the rectification filter circuit 20, the output end of the rectification filter circuit 20 is used for being connected with the load 50, and the protection circuit 30 is connected with the controlled end of the relay 40.
After the voltage transformation module 10 is connected to the utility power AC, the alternating voltage output by the utility power AC is reduced, and the reduced alternating low voltage is sent to the rectifying and filtering circuit 20, and the rectifying and filtering circuit 20 can rectify and filter the alternating voltage to obtain a stable direct voltage, and when the load 50 is connected, the direct voltage can be output to supply power or charge the load 50.
The protection circuit 30 can detect the power state of the load 50 when the load 50 is connected to determine whether the power adapter is supplying power to the load 50 normally. When the power supply state of the load 50 is detected to be normal, the power adapter can be controlled to continue to supply power; when the power supply state of the load 50 is detected to be abnormal, a corresponding turn-off signal can be sent to the relay 40. The relay 40 may disconnect the first terminal from the second terminal after receiving the turn-off signal, so as to disconnect the transformer module 10 from the commercial power AC, thereby stopping supplying power to the load 50.
In this embodiment, by providing the protection circuit 30 in the power adapter, the state of the current loop can be detected when the power adapter supplies power to the load 50, and when it is detected that the power supply of the load 50 is abnormal, the relay 40 can be controlled to disconnect the voltage transformation module 10 from the mains supply AC, so as to stop supplying power to the load 50, thereby realizing abnormal state protection when the load 50 is connected to the power adapter, avoiding damage to the power adapter or the load 50 caused by abnormal power supply, and effectively improving the safety of the power adapter.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2 together, the protection circuit 30 may include a current detection module 31, a voltage detection module 32, and a temperature detection module 33. The output end of the rectifying and filtering circuit 20 is connected to the load 50 through the current detection module 31, the detection end of the voltage detection module 32 is connected to the output end of the rectifying and filtering circuit 20, and the temperature detection module 33 is used for detecting the temperature of the load 50 when the load 50 is connected.
When the load 50 is connected, the current detection module 31 may detect a supply current when the power adapter supplies power to the load 50, and the voltage detection module 32 may detect a supply voltage. When both the supply current and the supply voltage are within the normal range, it may be determined that the power adapter is normally supplying power to the load 50; when at least one of the supply current and the supply voltage exceeds the normal range, it may be determined that the power supply state of the load 50 is abnormal, and if the power adapter or the load 50 may be damaged due to the fact that the power adapter is continuously supplied with power, a turn-off signal may be sent to the relay 40 through the current detection module 31 or the voltage detection module 32. Preset current threshold values and voltage threshold values may be preset in the current detection module 31 and the voltage detection module 32, and when the actual supply current is greater than the preset current threshold value or the supply voltage is greater than the preset voltage threshold value, it may be determined that the supply current or the supply voltage exceeds the normal range.
The temperature detecting module 33 may detect the temperature of the load 50 when the load 50 is connected, and when the temperature of the load 50 is detected to be too high, in order to prevent the load 50 from being damaged due to heat generation, the temperature detecting module 33 may send a turn-off signal to the relay 40 to stop supplying power to the load 50.
It is understood that the temperature detecting module 33 may also detect the temperature inside the power adapter through another temperature sensor disposed inside the power adapter, and devices such as a rectifier diode and a high-frequency transformer in the power adapter are generally the main heat generating sources, which may damage other components when the internal temperature is too high due to heat generation. Through detecting the temperature to power adapter during operation, can also break off vary voltage module 10 and commercial power AC when power adapter's high temperature to avoid power adapter to generate heat and damage, promoted power adapter's safety in utilization.
The current detecting module 31 may include a current detecting chip U1 and a first resistor R1. The output end of the rectifying and filtering circuit 20 is connected with the load 50 through a first resistor R1, two current detection ends of a current detection chip U1 are respectively connected with two ends of a first resistor R1, and a signal output end of the current detection chip U1 is connected with a controlled end of the relay 40.
When the load 50 is connected, the current detection chip U1 may detect a voltage across the first resistor R1, and calculate a current flowing through the first resistor R1 according to a resistance value of the first resistor R1, so as to determine a supply current of the power adapter for supplying power to the load 50.
The voltage detection module 32 may include a voltage detection chip U2, a second resistor R2, and a third resistor R3. The first end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the output end of the rectifying and filtering circuit 20, the second end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the first end of the third resistor R3, the second end of the third resistor R3 is grounded, the voltage detection end of the voltage detection chip U2 is connected with the first end of the third resistor R3, and the signal output end of the voltage detection chip U2 is connected with the controlled end of the relay 40.
The second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 form a voltage divider circuit, the voltage divider circuit is connected to the output terminal of the rectifying and filtering circuit 20, and the total voltage on the voltage divider circuit is the supply voltage received by the load 50. After the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 divide the power supply voltage, the voltage detected by the voltage detection terminal of the voltage detection chip U2 is the voltage at both ends of the third resistor R3, and the voltage detection chip U2 can determine the power supply voltage of the load 50 at this time according to the resistance values of the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3.
It should be noted that, when the voltage detection module 32 and the current detection module 31 exist simultaneously, the first end of the second resistor R2 in the voltage detection module 32 and the first end of the first resistor R1 in the current detection module 31 are both connected to the output end of the rectifying and filtering circuit 20, at this time, the current detection module 31 only detects the current on the current branch where the first resistor R1 is located, and the current generated by the other circuit branch where the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 in the voltage detection module 32 are located is not detected by the current detection module 31, so that the supply current detected by the current detection module 31 is not affected by the currents of the other branches, and the accuracy of current detection is improved.
The temperature detection module 33 may include a temperature detection chip U3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, and a temperature sensor disposed on the load 50. A first end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the output end of the rectifying-smoothing circuit 20, a second end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to a first end of the fifth resistor R5, and a second end of the fifth resistor R5 is grounded. The temperature sensor may be connected in parallel with the fifth resistor R5 when the load 50 is switched in. The temperature sensor may be a thermistor NTC whose resistance value changes with temperature. Specifically, the resistance value of the thermistor NTC may decrease as the temperature increases.
The fourth resistor R4, the fifth resistor R5 and the thermistor NTC form a voltage divider circuit, wherein the fourth resistor R4 is a pull-up resistor, and an equivalent resistor formed by the fifth resistor R5 and the thermistor NTC in parallel is a pull-down resistor. When the temperature of the load 50 is low, the resistance of the thermistor NTC is high, the resistance of the equivalent pull-down resistor formed by the fifth resistor R5 connected in parallel with the thermistor NTC is high, and the voltage across the pull-down resistor detected by the temperature detection chip U3 is high.
When the temperature of the load 50 increases, the resistance of the thermistor NTC decreases, and the resistance of the equivalent pull-down resistor also decreases, so that the voltage detected by the temperature detecting chip U3 decreases. The temperature detecting chip U3 may preset a temperature threshold voltage, and when the detected voltage is lower than the temperature threshold voltage, indicating that the temperature of the load 50 reaches the temperature threshold, the power adapter continues to supply power to the load 50, which may cause the load 50 to overheat, and the temperature detecting module 33 may control the relay 40 to disconnect the transforming module 10 from the commercial power AC.
It can be understood that the current detecting chip U1, the voltage detecting chip U2, and the temperature detecting chip U3 may be chip components independent from each other, or may be a current detecting terminal, a voltage detecting terminal, and a temperature detecting terminal in the same integrated chip, and the integrated chip may control the relay 30 to disconnect the voltage transforming module 10 from the utility power AC when any one of the current detecting terminal, the voltage detecting terminal, or the temperature detecting terminal detects an abnormal state.
The relay 40 may be an electromagnetic relay K1. At least one of the current detection module 31, the voltage detection module 32 or the temperature detection module 33 may control the electromagnetic relay K1 to be turned off when sending the turn-off signal to the electromagnetic relay K1, so as to disconnect the voltage transformation module 10 from the commercial power AC. It is understood that the relay 40 may also be other switching devices such as MOS transistors.
The rectifying and filtering module 20 in the power adapter may further include a first capacitor C1, and the output terminal of the rectifying and filtering module 20 is grounded through a first capacitor C1. The first capacitor C1 may be used for filtering the ac component of the output dc voltage signal.
The above description is only an alternative embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A power adapter is characterized by comprising a transformation module, a rectification filter circuit, a protection circuit and a relay;
the input end of the transformation module is connected with a mains supply through the relay, the output end of the transformation module is connected with the input end of the rectification filter circuit, the output end of the rectification filter circuit is used for being connected with a load, and the protection circuit is connected with the controlled end of the relay;
the protection circuit is used for detecting the power supply state of the load when the load is connected, and sending a turn-off signal to the relay when the power supply state of the load is detected to be abnormal;
the rectifying and filtering circuit further comprises a first capacitor, and the output end of the rectifying and filtering circuit is grounded through the first capacitor.
2. The power adapter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protection circuit comprises a current detection module, a voltage detection module and a temperature detection module;
the output end of the rectification filter circuit is connected with the first end of the relay through the current detection module, the detection end of the voltage detection module is connected with the second end of the relay, and the temperature detection module is used for detecting the temperature of the load when the load is connected;
the current detection module is used for detecting the power supply current when a load is connected and sending a turn-off signal to the relay when the power supply current is larger than a preset current threshold;
the voltage detection module is used for detecting the power supply voltage when a load is connected and sending a turn-off signal to the relay when the power supply voltage is greater than a preset voltage threshold value;
the temperature detection module is used for detecting the load temperature when a load is connected in and sending a turn-off signal to the relay when the load temperature is greater than a preset temperature threshold value.
3. The power adapter as claimed in claim 2, wherein the current detection module comprises a current detection chip and a first resistor;
the output end of the rectification filter circuit is connected with the first end of the relay through the first resistor, the two current detection ends of the current detection chip are respectively connected with the two ends of the first resistor, and the signal output end of the current detection chip is connected with the controlled end of the relay.
4. The power adapter as claimed in claim 2, wherein the voltage detection module comprises a voltage detection chip, a second resistor and a third resistor;
the first end of the second resistor is connected with the second end of the relay, the second end of the second resistor is connected with the first end of the third resistor, the second end of the third resistor is grounded, the voltage detection end of the voltage detection chip is connected with the first end of the third resistor, and the signal output end of the voltage detection chip is connected with the controlled end of the relay.
5. The power adapter of claim 2, wherein the temperature detection module comprises a temperature detection chip, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, and a temperature sensor disposed on the load;
the first end of the fourth resistor is connected with the second end of the relay, the second end of the fourth resistor is connected with the first end of the fifth resistor, the second end of the fifth resistor is grounded, and the temperature sensor is used for being connected with the fifth resistor in parallel when a load is connected.
6. The power adapter as described in claim 5, wherein said temperature sensor is a thermistor.
7. The power adapter as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the relay is an electromagnetic relay.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202120365854.5U CN216086141U (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-02-07 | Power adapter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202120365854.5U CN216086141U (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-02-07 | Power adapter |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN216086141U true CN216086141U (en) | 2022-03-18 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202120365854.5U Expired - Fee Related CN216086141U (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-02-07 | Power adapter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN216086141U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024113967A1 (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2024-06-06 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | Power supply circuit, power adapter, and charging system |
-
2021
- 2021-02-07 CN CN202120365854.5U patent/CN216086141U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024113967A1 (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2024-06-06 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | Power supply circuit, power adapter, and charging system |
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Granted publication date: 20220318 |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |