CN216013131U - Atomic absorption spectrometer - Google Patents
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- CN216013131U CN216013131U CN202022087923.9U CN202022087923U CN216013131U CN 216013131 U CN216013131 U CN 216013131U CN 202022087923 U CN202022087923 U CN 202022087923U CN 216013131 U CN216013131 U CN 216013131U
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Abstract
The utility model provides an atomic absorption spectrometer which comprises a light source system, a flame atomization system, a detection system and a control processing system, wherein the flame atomization system comprises an ignition device, a driving device, an atomizer, an atomization chamber and a burner which are sequentially communicated, a combustion seam is arranged on the burner, the driving device is used for driving the ignition device to switch between a standby position and an ignition position, the ignition position is positioned above the combustion seam, and the standby position is a position where the combustion seam is not affected when in combustion; the light source system comprises a light source lamp which is a hollow cathode lamp. The ignition device is driven by the driving device to switch between the standby position and the ignition position, so that the ignition device can return to the standby position which is not affected by combustion immediately after ignition, the ignition device is protected from being burnt out by flame, the good performance of the ignition device is ensured, the ignition success rate is improved, and the problem that the use efficiency of equipment is affected due to frequent maintenance caused by the damage of an igniter can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of atomic absorption spectrum detection equipment, in particular to an atomic absorption spectrometer.
Background
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a method of quantitatively analyzing the degree of absorption of atomic resonance radiation (characteristic radiation) of an element to be measured in a gaseous state by using ground state atoms of the element.
The atomic absorption spectrometer is also called an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, radiates light with characteristic spectral lines of elements to be measured from a light source, the light is absorbed by gaseous ground state atoms of the elements to be measured, the content of the elements to be measured in a sample to be measured is determined according to the attenuation degree of the characteristic spectral line light, the atomic absorption spectrometer is a main instrument for carrying out the atomic absorption spectrometry, can sensitively and reliably measure trace elements or trace elements, and can be applied to quantitative measurement of heavy metal elements such as Pb, Zn, copper, cadmium, chromium and the like in water.
In the prior art, the atomic absorption spectrometer often has the condition that an igniter is damaged and cannot be normally ignited, and the atomic absorption spectrometer often needs to be ignited for many times or maintained frequently, so that the normal use of the atomic absorption spectrometer is influenced; in addition, with the long-term use of atomic absorption spectrometers, there is a problem that the accuracy of atomic absorption spectrometers is gradually reduced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides an atomic absorption spectrometer, aiming at the technical problems that the conventional atomic absorption spectrometer often has the condition that an igniter is damaged and cannot be normally ignited, the atomic absorption spectrometer often needs to be ignited for multiple times or maintained frequently, the normal use of the atomic absorption spectrometer is influenced, and the accuracy of the atomic absorption spectrometer is gradually reduced along with the long-term use of the atomic absorption spectrometer.
The utility model provides an atomic absorption spectrometer which comprises a light source system, a flame atomization system, a detection system and a control processing system, wherein the flame atomization system comprises an ignition device, a driving device, an atomizer, an atomization chamber and a burner which are sequentially communicated, a combustion seam is arranged on the burner, the driving device is used for driving the ignition device to be switched between a standby position and an ignition position, the ignition position is positioned above the combustion seam, and the standby position is a position where the combustion seam is not affected during combustion; the light source system comprises a light source lamp which is a hollow cathode lamp.
In one embodiment, the drive device is a motor.
In one embodiment, the flame atomization system is provided with a flame detection device, and the flame detection device is used for detecting whether the ignition device successfully ignites.
In one embodiment, the flame detection device is arranged on one side of the combustion seam.
In one embodiment, the length of the combustion seam is 90 mm-110 mm, and the width of the combustion seam is 0.4 mm-0.6 mm.
In one embodiment, the atomic absorption spectrum electrode instrument is provided with an acetylene alarm device, and the acetylene alarm device is in signal connection with the control processor.
In one embodiment, the control processing system is provided with an energy compensation module, and the energy compensation module is used for acquiring a zero-sample compensation energy value according to the stored initial zero-sample energy value and the acquired detection zero-sample energy value.
In one embodiment, the compensated zero-like energy value is the difference between the detected zero-like energy value and the initial zero-like energy value.
In one embodiment, the control processing system is provided with a data processing module, and the data processing module is used for acquiring a detection sample compensation energy value according to the zero sample compensation energy value and the acquired detection sample energy value.
In one embodiment, the detection sample compensation energy value is the sum of the compensation zero sample energy value and the detection sample energy value.
By adopting the technical scheme, the utility model has the beneficial effects that: the ignition device is driven by the driving device to switch between the standby position and the ignition position, so that the ignition device can return to the standby position which is not affected by combustion immediately after ignition, the ignition device is protected from being burnt out by flame, the good performance of the ignition device is ensured, the ignition success rate is improved, and the problem that the use efficiency of equipment is affected due to frequent maintenance caused by the damage of an igniter can be reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a light path diagram of an atomic absorption spectrometer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the atomic absorption spectrometer of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of an atomic absorption spectrometer of the present invention;
100-a light source system; 110-light source lamp; 120 light source reflector; 130-a light source lens; 200-flame atomization system; 210-an atomizer; 220-an atomization chamber; 230-a burner; 231-a combustion seam; 240-an ignition device; 241-a drive device; 250-a flame detection device; 260-optical path adjusting means; 300-a detection system; 310-a detection lens; 410-a processor; 420-light source circuit board; 430-switching power supply.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a first broad aspect of the present invention provides an atomic absorption spectrometer, which includes a light source system 100, a flame atomization system 200, a detection system 300, and a control processing system, wherein the flame atomization system 200 includes an ignition device 240, a driving device 241, and an atomizer 210, an atomization chamber 220, and a burner 230, which are sequentially connected to each other, the burner 230 is provided with a combustion seam 231, the driving device 241 is configured to drive the ignition device 240 to switch between a standby position and an ignition position, the ignition position is located above the combustion seam 231, and the standby position is a position where the combustion seam 231 is not affected during combustion; the light source system 100 includes a light source lamp 110, and the light source lamp 110 is a hollow cathode lamp.
The ignition device 240 is driven by the driving device 241 to switch between the standby position and the ignition position, so that the ignition device 240 immediately returns to the standby position which is not affected by combustion after ignition, the ignition device 240 is protected from being burnt by flame, the ignition device 240 is ensured to have good performance, the ignition success rate is improved, and the problem that the use efficiency of equipment is affected due to frequent maintenance caused by the damage of an igniter can be reduced.
The ignition device 240 may generate a high voltage discharge of several kilovolts, and ignite the fuel on the combustion gap 231, and then the fuel is driven by the driving device 241 to be away from the combustion flame.
The flame atomization system 200 is used for transforming a sample to be tested into ground state atoms (atomic vapor), and in the embodiment, the flame atomization system 200 includes an atomizer 210, an atomization chamber 220 and a burner 230.
The atomizer 210 is the most important component in the flame atomizer, the atomizer 210 changes the test solution into fine mist, the finer and more the mist particles are, the more the ground state free atoms generated in the flame are, the higher the sensitivity of the instrument is, the more stable the atomization effect of the atomizer 210 is, and the more stable the data measured by the flame method is. In the atomizer 210, under the action of the airflow, the nozzle sucks the solution to be measured from the capillary by using negative pressure, and the solution aerosol impacts the impact ball to be further refined, and generally, the atomization efficiency of the atomizer 210 is about 10%.
The atomization chamber 220 is used for uniformly mixing the atomized sample with the fuel gas and the combustion-supporting gas, removing large liquid drops, and then enabling the mixture to enter the burner 230, wherein about 10% of the atomized sample is mixed with the fuel gas and the combustion-supporting gas and then enters the burner 230, and the rest large liquid drops become waste liquid and are discharged from a waste liquid pipe of the atomization chamber 220.
The burner 230 is provided with a combustion slit 231, and the atomized sample, the fuel and the combustion-supporting gas enter the combustion slit 231 and are ignited by the ignition device 240 to be fully combusted, so that the ground state atoms of the element to be detected are generated. The light generated by the light source 110 is absorbed by the ground state atoms, and the detection system 300 can detect the concentration of the element to be detected in the water sample by detecting the remaining light. After the ignition device 240 is ignited, the ignition device 240 is far away from the combustion flame through the driving device 241, so that the ignition device 240 can be protected from being damaged by combustion, and the influence of impurities on the detection accuracy can be avoided.
Optionally, a light path adjusting device 260 is further disposed on the combustion seam 231.
The detection system 300 includes a detector and a detection lens 310, wherein the detector is used for detecting the light passing through the flame atomization system 200, converting the light signal into an electrical signal, and sending the detection result of the light to the control processing system through processing steps such as filtering and calculation.
The flame atomization system 200 of the utility model has the advantages of low cost, high atomization efficiency, good stability and reproducibility and simple operation.
Optionally, the flame atomization system 200 also includes a fuel flow path and an oxidant flow path. Alternatively, the combustion gas may be acetylene and the combustion gas may be compressed air. Preferably, the fuel flow path comprises a fuel gas bottle, a fuel electromagnetic valve and a mass flow controller which are communicated in sequence; the combustion-supporting gas flow path comprises a combustion-supporting gas compressor, an oil mist separator, a combustion-supporting gas electromagnetic valve and a combustion-supporting gas proportional valve; the mass flow of the fuel entering the atomizing chamber 220 and the pressure of the combustion-supporting gas are controlled by the mass flow controller and the combustion-supporting gas proportional valve, so that the flame can be stably combusted in the combustion seam 231, and the detected element is fully atomized.
Optionally, the flame atomization system 200 further includes a sample flow path to be tested, which includes a drive pump and a solenoid valve, and the sample to be tested is pumped into the atomizer 210 of the atomization system through the drive pump and the solenoid valve.
Optionally, the control processing system includes a processor 410, a core control circuit including conventional components such as a light source circuit board 420, a switching power supply 430, and a human-computer interaction interface. The control processing system is used for controlling the operation of the atomic absorption spectrometer and the data interaction outside. Optionally, the man-machine interaction interface adopts an android touch screen and is used for displaying system operation information, and an operator can issue commands through the screen to perform operations such as sampling and maintenance.
As an alternative embodiment, the driving device 241 is a motor, the ignition device 240 is driven by the motor to move, for example, the ignition device 240 is directly installed on a fixed chassis of the atomic absorption spectrometer or the like through the motor, the ignition device 240 is driven to rotate through the rotation of the motor, and the ignition device 240 is switched between the standby position and the ignition position through the rotation.
As an alternative embodiment, the flame atomization system 200 is provided with a flame detection device 250, and the flame detection device 250 is used for detecting whether the ignition device 240 is successfully ignited. Optionally, the flame detection device 250 is disposed at one side of the combustion slit 231.
As an alternative embodiment, the combustion slot 231 may have a length of 90mm to 110mm and a width of 0.4mm to 0.6 mm. Preferably, the combustion slot 231 has a length of 100mm and a width of 0.5 mm. The length of the combustion seam 231 is 90 mm-100 mm, and the width is 0.4 mm-0.6 mm, so that the combustion rate of flame can be ensured to be large enough, especially under the condition that acetylene is used as fuel and air is used as combustion-supporting gas. The absorbance can be suitably increased by increasing the length of the combustion gap 231.
As an alternative embodiment, the atomic absorption spectroscopy electrode instrument is provided with a fuel leakage alarm device, and the fuel leakage alarm device is in signal connection with the control processor 410.
Optionally, the fuel leakage warning device is provided with a conductor type sensor and/or a catalytic combustion type sensor, and gas in a fuel flow path in the system is detected through the sensor. When a conductive sensor and a catalytic combustion sensor are arranged at the same time, a fault processing flow is executed as long as one sensor detects fuel leakage, a fuel electromagnetic valve is closed, a control processing system is reported, and alarm information is sent.
As an alternative embodiment, the control processing system is provided with an energy compensation module, and the energy compensation module is used for acquiring a zero-sample compensation energy value according to the stored initial zero-sample energy value and the acquired detection zero-sample energy value.
In the atomic absorption spectrometer, when characteristic radiation passes through atomic vapor, ground state atoms absorb energy from the characteristic radiation, transition from a ground state to an excited state is carried out, the absorption degree of the atoms to light depends on the concentration of the basic state atoms in an optical path, generally, all the atoms are approximately considered to be in the ground state, so that the content of an element to be detected can be judged according to the attenuation degree of the absorbed light, and the degree of light absorption follows the beer lambert law, namely, the absorbance A is lg (I)0I). Wherein A is the absorbance, I0For detecting the zero sample energy value, I is the energy value of the detected sample. Under the condition of low concentration, the absorbance and the concentration have a linear relation, and a standard curve is drawn according to the absorbance and the concentration of the sample with zero sample and standard concentration: and C is K A, and then the concentration of the sample to be detected is calculated according to the standard curve and the absorbance of the sample to be detected.
Conventionally, the calculation method of the sample to be measured is as follows:
and (3) according to the absorbance and concentration of the sample with zero sample and standard concentration, making a standard curve: c ═ K × a;
according to AX＝lg(I0/IX) Calculating the absorbance value A of the sample to be measuredXIn which IXThe energy value of the sample to be detected during combustion;
bringing the absorbance value of the sample to be measured into a standard curve CX＝K*AXDetermining the concentration C of the sample to be measuredX。
However, with the long-term use of atomic absorption spectrometers, there is also a problem that the accuracy of atomic absorption spectrometers gradually decreases. The utility model considers that the reason is mainly because the energy of some element lamps is unstable, which leads to inaccurate detection result. The utility model adopts the energy compensation module to perform energy compensation on the detection sample so as to improve the accuracy of the detection result. The compensation principle is as follows:
if the initial zero-sample energy value recorded by the energy compensation module is IzDetecting zero sample energy value as I0The calculation according to the detected zero sample energy value results in inaccurate results due to unstable energy of the element lamp. The utility model is based on the initial zero sample energy value IzFor detecting zero sample energy value I0And compensating, wherein the zero sample energy value is the difference value obtained by subtracting the initial zero sample energy value from the detected zero sample energy value. I.e. compensating for zero sample energy value I0’＝I0-IzWherein, IzInitial zero-sample energy values, I, recorded for the energy compensation module0To detect zero sample energy values, I0' to compensate for zero sample energy values.
Furthermore, the control processing system is provided with a data processing module, and the data processing module is used for acquiring the compensation energy value of the detection sample according to the zero sample compensation energy value and the acquired energy value of the detection sample. The compensation energy value of the detected sample is the sum of the compensation zero sample energy value and the energy value of the detected sample, i.e. Ix’＝I0’+Ix＝I0-Iz+IxWherein, IxThe energy value of the test sample for the sample to be tested, Ix' compensate energy value for detecting sample.
According to the utility model, the energy compensation module is used for compensating the zero sample every time when the zero sample is detected, and then subsequent data processing is carried out according to the energy value of the compensated zero sample, so that the influence on the accuracy of the detection result due to the energy attenuation of the light source can be prevented.
The second aspect of the present invention provides an energy compensation method for an atomic absorption spectroscopy electrode instrument, which includes the following steps:
storing the initial zero sample energy value;
acquiring a detection zero sample energy value;
and acquiring a zero sample compensation energy value according to the initial zero sample energy value and the detected zero sample energy value.
In the atomic absorption spectrometer, when characteristic radiation passes through atomic vapor, ground state atoms absorb energy from the characteristic radiation, transition from a ground state to an excited state is carried out, the absorption degree of the atoms to light depends on the concentration of the basic state atoms in an optical path, generally, all the atoms are approximately considered to be in the ground state, so that the content of an element to be detected can be judged according to the attenuation degree of the absorbed light, and the degree of light absorption follows the beer lambert law, namely, the absorbance A is lg (I)0I). Wherein A is the absorbance, I0For detecting the zero sample energy value, I is the energy value of the detected sample. Under the condition of low concentration, the absorbance and the concentration have a linear relation, and a standard curve is drawn according to the absorbance and the concentration of the sample with zero sample and standard concentration: and C is K A, and then the concentration of the sample to be detected is calculated according to the standard curve and the absorbance of the sample to be detected.
Conventionally, the calculation method of the sample to be measured is as follows:
and (3) according to the absorbance and concentration of the sample with zero sample and standard concentration, making a standard curve: c ═ K × a;
according to AX＝lg(I0/IX) Calculating the absorbance value A of the sample to be measuredXIn which IXThe energy value of the sample to be detected during combustion;
bringing the absorbance value of the sample to be measured into a standard curve CX＝K*AXDetermining the concentration C of the sample to be measuredX。
However, with the long-term use of atomic absorption spectrometers, there is also a problem that the accuracy of atomic absorption spectrometers gradually decreases. The utility model considers that the reason is mainly because the energy of some element lamps is unstable, which leads to inaccurate detection result. The utility model adopts an energy compensation method and carries out energy compensation on the detection sample so as to improve the accuracy of the detection result. The compensation principle is as follows:
if the initial zero-sample energy value stored by the energy compensation method is IzDetecting zero sample energy value as I0The calculation according to the detected zero sample energy value results in inaccurate results due to unstable energy of the element lamp. The utility model is based on the initial zero sample energy value IzFor detecting zero sample energy value I0And compensating, wherein the zero sample energy value is the difference value obtained by subtracting the initial zero sample energy value from the detected zero sample energy value. I.e. compensating for zero sample energy value I0’＝I0-IzWherein, IzInitial zero-sample energy values, I, recorded for the energy compensation module0To detect zero sample energy values, I0' to compensate for zero sample energy values.
Further, the energy compensation method for the atomic absorption spectroscopy electrode instrument further comprises the following steps:
and acquiring the compensation energy value of the detection sample according to the zero sample compensation energy value and the acquired energy value of the detection sample.
The compensation energy value of the detected sample is the sum of the compensation zero sample energy value and the energy value of the detected sample, i.e. Ix’＝I0’ +Ix＝I0-Iz+IxWherein, IxThe energy value of the test sample for the sample to be tested, Ix' compensate energy value for detecting sample.
According to the utility model, the energy compensation module is used for compensating the zero sample every time when the zero sample is detected, and then subsequent data processing is carried out according to the energy value of the compensated zero sample, so that the influence on the accuracy of the detection result due to the energy attenuation of the light source can be prevented.
The work flow of the atomic absorption spectrometer of the utility model is as follows:
starting the atomic absorption spectrometer, controlling the hollow cathode lamp driving circuit of the light source system 100 to output stably by the control processing system, lighting the cathode lamp, and preheating for 20-30 min; after preheating is finished, continuously reading 5 groups of data, if the maximum and minimum values are in accordance with set values, judging that preheating is successful, and starting to sample.
The control processing system starts the flame atomization system 200, opens the acetylene and the air flow path, and then sequentially introduces the air and the acetylene, and further drives the ignition device 240 through the driving device 241 to ignite, and when the flame detection device 250 detects that the ignition is successful, the driving device 241 makes the ignition device 240 far away from the flame, and the ignition device 240 returns to the standby position.
A cleaning solution, which may be a 5% dilute nitric acid solution, is pumped through the sample flow path to clean the combustion slot 231 of the atomizer.
The zero sample is pumped into the flow path of the sample to be detected, the detection system 300 detects that the light absorption value of the zero sample is recorded as a zero sample energy value, the sample with the standard concentration is pumped into the flow path of the sample to be detected, the detection system 300 detects the standard sample and records the standard sample energy value, the detection system 300 sends the zero sample energy value and the standard sample energy value data to the control processing system, and the control processing system makes a standard curve according to the detected zero sample energy value, the standard sample energy value and the standard Yangping concentration value: c ═ K × a, and the slope K was determined.
Pumping a zero sample through the sample flow path to be detected, detecting the zero sample absorbance value by the detection system 300 and recording the value as a detected zero sample energy value I0The energy compensation module is used for compensating the initial zero sample energy value IzFor detecting zero sample energy value I0Compensating for zero sample energy value I0’＝I0-Iz。
Pumping a sample to be detected through a sample flow path to be detected, detecting the absorbance value of the sample to be detected by the detecting system 300 and recording the absorbance value as the energy value of the sample to be detected, sending the energy value data of the sample to be detected to the control processing system by the detecting system 300, obtaining the actual energy value of the sample to be detected by the control processing system according to the compensated zero sample energy value and the energy value of the sample to be detected, and obtaining the concentration value of the sample to be detected according to the actual energy value of the sample to be detected and the standard curve.
After the detection is finished, a cleaning solution is pumped into the sample flow path to be detected to clean the combustion seam 231 of the atomizer.
The atomic absorption spectrometer was turned off.
The detection range of the atomic absorption spectrometer is 0.2-2 mg/L, and the atomic absorption spectrometer can be mainly applied to the monitoring fields of domestic sewage, industrial wastewater and the like.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the utility model, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. An atomic absorption spectrometer comprises a light source system (100), a flame atomization system (200), a detection system (300) and a control processing system, and is characterized in that the flame atomization system (200) comprises an ignition device (240), a driving device (241), and an atomizer (210), an atomization chamber (220) and a burner (230) which are sequentially communicated, wherein a combustion seam (231) is arranged on the burner (230), the driving device (241) is used for driving the ignition device (240) to be switched between a standby position and an ignition position, the ignition position is located above the combustion seam (231), and the standby position is a position where the combustion seam (231) is not affected during combustion; the light source system (100) comprises a light source lamp (110), wherein the light source lamp (110) is a hollow cathode lamp.
2. The atomic absorption spectrometer according to claim 1, wherein the driving device (241) is a motor.
3. The atomic absorption spectrometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the flame atomization system (200) is provided with a flame detection device (250), the flame detection device (250) being configured to detect whether the ignition device (240) is successfully ignited.
4. The atomic absorption spectrometer according to claim 3, wherein the flame detection device (250) is disposed on a side of the combustion slit (231).
5. The atomic absorption spectrometer of claim 1, wherein the combustion slit (231) has a length of 90mm to 110mm and a width of 0.4mm to 0.6 mm.
6. The atomic absorption spectrometer according to claim 1, wherein the atomic absorption spectroscopy electrode instrument is provided with an acetylene leakage alarm device, and the acetylene leakage alarm device is in signal connection with the control processing system.
7. The atomic absorption spectrometer of claim 1, wherein the control processing system is provided with an energy compensation module configured to obtain a zero-sample compensation energy value based on the stored initial zero-sample energy value and the obtained detected zero-sample energy value.
8. The atomic absorption spectrometer of claim 7, wherein the compensated zero-like energy value is a difference of the detected zero-like energy value minus the initial zero-like energy value.
9. The atomic absorption spectrometer of claim 8, wherein the control processing system is provided with a data processing module, and the data processing module is configured to obtain a compensation energy value of the detection sample according to the zero sample compensation energy value and the obtained energy value of the detection sample.
10. The atomic absorption spectrometer of claim 9, wherein the detection sample compensation energy value is a sum of the compensation zero-sample energy value and the detection sample energy value.
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