CN215995945U - System for electronic waste smelting smoke dust wet processing retrieves bromine salt - Google Patents
System for electronic waste smelting smoke dust wet processing retrieves bromine salt Download PDFInfo
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- CN215995945U CN215995945U CN202122051505.9U CN202122051505U CN215995945U CN 215995945 U CN215995945 U CN 215995945U CN 202122051505 U CN202122051505 U CN 202122051505U CN 215995945 U CN215995945 U CN 215995945U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a system for recovering bromine salt from electronic waste smelting smoke dust by wet processing, which comprises a bag type dust collector, a leaching device, a plate type filter press, an incinerator, a neutralization sedimentation tank and a triple-effect evaporator; the system can effectively separate and recover valuable metals, fluorine, bromine and chlorine in the smelting smoke dust, the valuable metals are converted into insoluble states through oxidation and alkali liquor leaching from the dissolved states, the insoluble states are returned to a furnace in the form of leaching slag to be refined and recovered again, the bromine and the chlorine are converted into high-added-value crude bromine salt products, the bromine content can reach over 50 percent, fluorine elements are removed through calcium fluoride precipitation, and corrosion to three-effect evaporator equipment and the fluorine content in the crude bromine salt are reduced. The utility model eliminates the harm of heavy metal and salt in the electronic waste smelting smoke dust to the environment, realizes the resource recycling of valuable metal and bromine salt in the smelting smoke dust, and has good economic benefit and environmental benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of wet processing of electronic waste smelting smoke, in particular to a system for recovering bromine salt from electronic waste smelting smoke through wet processing.
Background
In the era of rapid change of informatization, circuit boards are an essential important component of electronic products. As a large country of production and consumption of electronic products, China generates a large amount of waste circuit boards every year. The waste circuit board contains metal materials such as copper, lead, nickel, zinc, tin, iron, gold, silver, palladium and the like and non-metal materials such as glass fiber, plastic, epoxy resin (containing a large amount of brominated flame retardants) and the like, and is discarded randomly without treatment, so that a large amount of metal materials and non-metal materials are wasted, serious soil pollution and water source pollution are caused, and the health of surrounding people is seriously damaged.
At present, a resource recovery processing system for waste circuit boards mainly comprises a pyrolysis processing system, a wet processing system, a supercritical fluid processing system and an incineration recovery system. The incineration recovery system has the characteristics of large treatment capacity, short time consumption, high recovery efficiency and the like, but because the waste circuit board contains plastics, brominated flame retardants and various heavy metals, a large amount of bromine salt, chlorine salt and part of heavy metals enter the flue gas and enter the bag type dust remover together with the flue gas in the incineration process, and smelting flue gas is formed after the flue gas and the flue gas are collected. The bromine content in the smelting smoke dust can reach more than 20 percent, and the smelting smoke dust contains various heavy metals and chloride salt, thereby being dangerous solid waste with higher recovery value. Therefore, a reasonable treatment and recovery system is urgently needed, so that valuable elements are recovered, and the harm to the environment is eliminated.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides a system for recovering bromine salt from electronic waste smelting smoke through wet processing, which is used for solving the technical problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a system for recovering bromine salt from electronic waste smelting smoke dust by wet processing, which comprises:
the bag type dust collector is used for collecting electronic waste smelting smoke dust;
the leaching device is internally filled with alkali liquor and an oxidant, and the alkali liquor is used for carrying out wet leaching on the electronic waste smelting smoke dust collected by the bag type dust collector;
the plate type filter press 1 is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on the electronic waste smelting smoke and dust extract to obtain extract and extract slag;
the incinerator is used for carrying out mixed incineration on the leaching residues obtained by the plate-type filter press 1 and electronic waste materials, and further recovering valuable metal elements in the leaching residues;
the neutralization sedimentation tank is used for adjusting the pH value of the leachate, removing fluorine, and putting the product treated by the neutralization sedimentation tank into a plate type filter press 2 to obtain precipitation slag and filtrate;
and the triple-effect evaporator is used for evaporating, concentrating and crystallizing the filtrate to obtain a sodium sulfate product, a crude bromide salt product and a low-concentration crystallization mother liquor.
Further, the alkali liquor is NaOH or Na2CO3The oxidant is H2O2。
Further, the leachate is adjusted in pH value by using sulfuric acid, and Ca (OH) is used2Combined PAC-PAM process for fluorine removal.
Further, the low-concentration crystallization mother liquor is returned to the leaching device of the electronic waste smelting smoke wet treatment bromine salt recovery system for circular treatment.
And further, washing the leached slag for multiple times before entering the incinerator, and dehydrating and drying the leached slag.
Further, steam of the triple-effect evaporator is sourced from a waste heat boiler, and the evaporation temperature is 90-140 ℃.
Further, the PAC concentration is 80-120mg/L, and the PAM concentration is 4-6 mg/L.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that:
the system for recovering the bromine salt by the wet processing of the electronic waste smelting smoke dust can effectively separate and recover valuable metals, fluorine, bromine and chlorine in the smelting smoke dust, the valuable metals are converted into insoluble states through oxidation and alkali liquor leaching from the dissolved states, the insoluble states are returned to a furnace in the form of leaching slag to be refined and recovered again, the bromine and the chlorine are converted into high-value-added crude bromine salt products, the bromine content can reach over 50 percent, fluorine elements are removed through calcium fluoride precipitation, and the corrosion to equipment of a three-effect evaporator and the fluorine content in the crude bromine salt are reduced. The utility model eliminates the harm of heavy metal and salt in the electronic waste smelting smoke dust to the environment, realizes the resource recycling of valuable metal and bromine salt in the smelting smoke dust, and has good economic benefit and environmental benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system for recovering bromine salt from electronic waste smelting fume by wet processing, according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the direction of the arrow is the flow direction of the electronic waste smelting fume;
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
The technical scheme of the utility model is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a system for recovering bromine salt from electronic waste smelting smoke by wet processing comprises a bag type dust collector for collecting electronic waste smelting smoke; a leaching device for wet leaching the electronic waste smelting smoke dust by using alkali liquor and adding a proper amount of oxidant (H)2O2) (ii) a The plate type filter press 1 is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on the smelting smoke dust after the smelting smoke dust is leached, so as to obtain leaching liquid and leaching slag; washing the leached residues for multiple times, dehydrating and drying, mixing the leached residues with raw materials such as electronic waste and the like, and returning the materials to the incinerator to further recover valuable metal elements in the leached residues; neutralizing the precipitation tank, adjusting pH value of leachate with sulfuric acid, and reusing Ca (OH)2Removing fluorine by a PAC-PAM combined method, and obtaining precipitation slag and filtrate by a plate and frame filter press 2; and (3) a triple-effect evaporator, wherein the precipitate slag is dehydrated and then is subjected to centralized treatment, filtrate is subjected to evaporation, concentration and crystallization through the triple-effect evaporator to obtain a sodium sulfate product, a crude bromine salt product and a low-concentration crystallization mother liquor, and the low-concentration crystallization mother liquor is returned to the electronic waste smelting smoke leaching device, so that zero discharge of sewage is realized.
As a preferred embodiment, in the leaching device, the alkaline solution adopted is NaOH or Na2CO3The concentration is 1-5mol/L, and each liter of leaching solutionAdding 4-10mL/L oxidant (H)2O2) The solid-liquid ratio of leaching is 1:1-4, the leaching temperature is 40-120 ℃, and the leaching time is 2-6 h;
as a preferred embodiment, the PAC concentration of the PAC is 80-120mg/L, the PAM concentration is 4-6mg/L, the pH value of the solution of the PAC and the PAM is 8-12, the reaction time is 30-100min, and the precipitation time is 4-6 h;
as a preferred embodiment, the steam of the triple-effect evaporator is sourced from a waste heat boiler, the cross-flow mode is adopted for evaporation crystallization, the evaporation temperature is 90-140 ℃, the sulfate concentration crystallization temperature is 5-10 ℃, the crystallization time is 2-3h, the crude bromine salt is a mixture of sodium chloride and sodium bromide, and the bromine content can reach more than 50%;
example 1
The method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting a system for recovering bromine salt by wet processing of electronic waste smelting smoke dust shown in figure 1, and performing valuable metal recovery and bromine salt purification according to the following steps;
(1) preparing mixed solution of electronic waste smelting smoke dust collected from a bag type dust collector and 1mol/L NaOH solution in a leaching device according to the liquid-solid ratio of 2:1, and adding 5ml/L H2O2The leaching time is 3 hours, and the leaching temperature is 60 ℃. After the reaction is finished, filter pressing is carried out by a plate filter press 1 to obtain leaching slag (containing a large amount of valuable metals) and leaching liquid, the leaching slag is washed by water for many times, dewatered and dried and returned to an incinerator, and the recycling of valuable metal elements in smelting smoke dust is realized;
(2) putting the leachate obtained in the step (1) into a neutralization sedimentation tank, and adding Ca (OH)2Controlling the pH value in the solution in the neutralization and precipitation tank to be about 10, then sequentially adding PAC (with the concentration of 80mg/L) and PAM (with the concentration of 4mg/L), reacting for about 40min, then precipitating for 4h, performing pressure filtration by using a plate filter press 2 to obtain filtrate and precipitation slag, and performing concentrated treatment on the precipitation slag;
(3) adjusting the pH of the filtrate obtained in the step (2) to be neutral, allowing the filtrate to pass through a bag filter and then enter a triple-effect evaporator, wherein steam of the triple-effect evaporator comes from a waste heat boiler, and is evaporated in a cross flow mode, the evaporation temperature is controlled to be 110 ℃, the sulfate concentration crystallization temperature is reduced to 10 ℃, and the crystallization time is 3 hours, so that a desulfurization solution and a crystal are obtained;
(4) and (4) evaporating and crystallizing the desulfurization solution obtained in the step (3) to obtain crude bromine salt (sold) and crystallization mother liquor, and refluxing the crystallization mother liquor to the alkaline leaching process for replenishing water for recycling.
The recovery rate of valuable metals can reach 92.0 percent, and the bromine content in the crude bromine salt can reach 55.0 percent.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting a system for recovering bromine salt by wet processing of electronic waste smelting smoke dust shown in figure 1, and performing valuable metal recovery and bromine salt purification according to the following steps;
(1) preparing a mixed solution of electronic waste smelting smoke dust collected from a bag type dust collector and 2mol/L NaOH solution in a leaching device according to a liquid-solid ratio of 2:1, and adding 5ml/L H2O2The leaching time is 3.5h, and the leaching temperature is 80 ℃. After the reaction is finished, filter pressing is carried out by a plate filter press 1 to obtain leaching slag (containing a large amount of valuable metals) and leaching liquid, the leaching slag is washed by water for many times and dried and returned to the incinerator, and the recycling of the valuable metal elements in the smelting smoke dust is realized;
(2) putting the leachate obtained in the step (1) into a neutralization sedimentation tank, and adding Ca (OH)2Controlling the pH value in the solution to be about 10, then sequentially adding PAC (concentration 100mg/L) and PAM (concentration 5mg/L), reacting for about 60min, then precipitating for 4h, performing pressure filtration by using a plate type pressure filter 2 to obtain filtrate and precipitated slag, and performing centralized treatment on the precipitated slag;
(3) adjusting the pH of the filtrate obtained in the step (2) to be neutral, allowing the filtrate to pass through a bag filter and then enter a triple-effect evaporator, wherein steam of the triple-effect evaporator comes from a waste heat boiler, and is evaporated in a cross flow mode, the evaporation temperature is controlled to be 120 ℃, the sulfate concentration and crystallization temperature is reduced to 5 ℃, and the crystallization time is 2.5 hours, so that a desulfurization solution and a crystal are obtained;
(4) and (4) evaporating and crystallizing the desulfurization solution obtained in the step (3) to obtain crude bromine salt (sold) and crystallization mother liquor, and refluxing the crystallization mother liquor to the alkaline leaching process for replenishing water for recycling.
The recovery rate of valuable metals can reach 95.0 percent, and the bromine content in the crude bromine salt can reach 60.0 percent.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the utility model and are not to be construed as limiting the utility model. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.
Claims (7)
1. A system for recovering bromine salt from electronic waste smelting smoke dust by wet processing is characterized in that: the system for recovering bromine salt from electronic waste smelting smoke by wet processing comprises:
the bag type dust collector is used for collecting electronic waste smelting smoke dust;
the leaching device is internally filled with alkali liquor and an oxidant, and the alkali liquor is used for carrying out wet leaching on the electronic waste smelting smoke dust collected by the bag type dust collector;
the plate type filter press 1 is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on the electronic waste smelting smoke and dust extract to obtain extract and extract slag;
the incinerator is used for carrying out mixed incineration on the leaching residues obtained by the plate-type filter press 1 and electronic waste materials, and further recovering valuable metal elements in the leaching residues;
the neutralization sedimentation tank is used for adjusting the pH value of the leachate, removing fluorine, and putting the product treated by the neutralization sedimentation tank into a plate type filter press 2 to obtain precipitation slag and filtrate;
and the triple-effect evaporator is used for evaporating, concentrating and crystallizing the filtrate to obtain a sodium sulfate product, a crude bromide salt product and a low-concentration crystallization mother liquor.
2. The system for recovering bromine salt by wet processing of electronic waste smelting smoke according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the alkali liquor is NaOH solution or Na2CO3Solution of the oxidant H2O2。
3. The system for recovering bromine salt by wet processing of electronic waste smelting smoke according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the pH value of the leachate is adjusted by using sulfuric acid, and Ca (OH) is used2Combined PAC-PAM process for fluorine removal.
4. The system for recovering bromine salt by wet processing of electronic waste smelting smoke according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
and returning the low-concentration crystallization mother liquor to the leaching device of the system for recovering bromine salt by wet processing of the electronic waste smelting smoke dust for circulating treatment.
5. The system for recovering bromine salt by wet processing of electronic waste smelting smoke according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
and washing the leached slag for many times before entering the incinerator, dewatering and drying.
6. The system for recovering bromine salt by wet processing of electronic waste smelting smoke according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the steam of the triple-effect evaporator comes from a waste heat boiler, and the evaporation temperature is 90-140 ℃.
7. The system for recovering bromine salt by wet processing of electronic waste smelting smoke according to claim 3, wherein:
the PAC concentration is 80-120mg/L, and the PAM concentration is 4-6 mg/L.
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