CN215984009U

CN215984009U - Vertical cooler

Info

Publication number: CN215984009U
Application number: CN202122128664.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘银江; 杭宁; 刘宇
Original assignee: NANJING SUYE CALCIUM INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
Current assignee: NANJING SUYE CALCIUM INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
Priority date: 2021-09-05
Filing date: 2021-09-05
Publication date: 2022-03-08
Anticipated expiration: 2031-09-05

Abstract

The utility model relates to a vertical cooler which has good cooling effect and stable and symmetrical material layer resistance, ensures the stability of the proportion of fuel and combustion-supporting air and provides basic conditions for preventing ring formation in a rotary kiln and preventing black smoke from being discharged from the rotary kiln. The device comprises a shell, a collecting hopper, a distributing device, a discharging device and a blowing device; the periphery of the shell is closed, and a cavity is enclosed inside the shell; the collecting hopper is in a hopper shape with a big upper opening and a small lower part, and receives and collects high-temperature materials discharged by the kiln hood and enters the cavity; the distributing device is arranged below the collecting hopper and above the discharging device and is symmetrical by an axis, and the distributing device is a conical body or a cylindrical and conical composite body; the outlet of the aggregate bin, the cavity, the distributing device and the discharging device are symmetrically arranged along the axis; the air outlet of the air blowing device is communicated with the cavity and is symmetrical along the axis; in the cavity, the material moves from top to bottom, is discharged out of the cavity by the discharging device, and the cooling air moves from bottom to top and enters the kiln hood and the rotary kiln after exchanging heat with the material.

Description

Vertical cooler

Technical Field

This patent relates to a cooler that air-cools the high temperature material that the rotary kiln calcines.

Background

The production line is generally composed of main equipment such as a preheater, a rotary kiln and a cooler, the cooler is used for cooling high-temperature materials calcined from the rotary kiln through heat exchange with air, so that the products meet the requirements of conveying, storage and use, and the air heated by the heat exchange is conveyed into the rotary kiln to support combustion and recover heat.

The vertical cooler is one kind of cooler, has the characteristics of small volume, small occupied area and low failure rate, and is widely applied to a calcining system of blocky and granular materials. The existing vertical cooler is installed below a discharge port of a rotary kiln and is connected with a kiln head cover 12 and a large-block material grid plate 11 into a whole by referring to fig. 1, and the existing vertical cooler mainly comprises a shell 1, an air cap 16, a discharge cone hopper 17, a vibration unloading machine 18 and the like, wherein the shell encloses a hollow cavity, the upper part of the shell is connected with the kiln head cover, the discharge end of the lower part of the shell is connected with the vibration unloading machine, the shell is protected by refractory materials, and a plurality of (usually 4-5) air caps 16 are symmetrically installed in the cavity at the horizontal height and are connected with an air blower through a pipeline.

During production, high-temperature materials discharged from the rotary kiln naturally fall into a cavity of the vertical cooler to form a material layer with a certain height; cooling air is sent into the cavity through the blast cap and exchanges heat with the high-temperature material in the reverse direction; the cooled material descends and is generally discharged from the bottom of the cooler through a plurality of vibrating dumpers at the same time; the air after heat exchange rises to the kiln head cover and then enters the rotary kiln.

Although the existing vertical cooler has been used for a long time, people see that materials can be discharged from the cooler, wind energy can enter the kiln through the cooler, and the cooler is considered to be normally used, people often ignore the serious problems existing in the structure of the cooler, and the problems not only affect the cooling effect, but also directly affect the calcination and the stability of the thermal regulation of the rotary kiln. The problems that exist are mainly:

(1) as the friction force of the material and the height brought by the rotary kiln are changed along with the change of the rotating speed of the rotary kiln and the change of the lumpiness and the powder content of the material, and the position of the material discharged from the port of the rotary kiln is changed, the position of a falling point of the material on the vertical cooler is changed and the material cannot constantly and exactly fall to the center of the cooler;

(2) because the grid comb plate of the big lump material of separation has been installed in the kiln hood cover, the material need pass through the grid comb plate earlier when unloading from the rotary kiln, fall into the cooler again, the grid comb plate is the slope installation generally, consequently, collide the material of comb plate, must can the redirecting, and the direction is discrete uncontrollable, but mostly can be along the landing of grid comb plate incline direction, consequently, the material that falls into the cooler, the drop point dispersion, distribute inhomogeneously, asymmetric, produce serious inclined material phenomenon in vertical cooler, for example the charge level height often is asymmetric slope form, inclined material phenomenon promptly.

(3) Because the cooler is internally provided with the wind cap, the track of the material is changed due to the obstruction of the wind cap when the material descends, the path of some material is short or the resistance is small, the path of some material is long or the resistance is large, the stay time of the material with short path and small resistance in the cooler is short, the stay time of the material with long path and large resistance in the cooler is long, and in addition, because the discharge amount among a plurality of discharging machines is difficult to coordinate and control, the stay time of the material in the cooler is inconsistent.

(4) Because the material environments of each hood and the air outlet of each hood are different, the porosity and the aperture are different, the shapes of the cavities are different, the material resistance of the air is different, the resistance of the air is larger in the area with high material level and more small-particle materials and powdery materials, and the air outlet amount is relatively smaller; in the area with low material level and less small-particle materials and powder, the resistance of wind is small, the air output is relatively large, and the phenomenon of wind bias in the cooler is caused. Because the interior of the cooler is operated by positive pressure, the discharging device is not easy to seal, and air easily flows out from the discharging opening of the discharging device, so that air leakage and ash leakage are serious.

In the vertical cooler, the resistance is not consistent and symmetrical for the same cross section of the material, the descending speed of the material is not consistent and symmetrical, the ascending flow speed and the ascending flow rate of the wind are also not uniform and symmetrical, the phenomena of partial wind and partial material are generated, the unloading speed is not matched with the ascending speed of the wind, the cooling effect is not uniform, and the temperature of the wind after heat exchange is not stable. Obviously, the time for heat exchange between the material and the air is different from the heat exchange chance, the air volume is larger in the area with lower material layer, less powder and smaller resistance, if the material discharging speed is lower, the temperature of the air after heat exchange is lower, and vice versa. The cooler generally adopts a centrifugal fan, the air volume of the cooler changes along with the change of the resistance, the air volume entering the kiln is unstable, the combustion-supporting air in the kiln is unstable, the flow ratio of the combustion-supporting air and fuel is unstable and is always not in the optimal ratio state, so that the rotary kiln is often in poor combustion, unstable combustion flame, unstable temperature in the kiln, large pressure change of the kiln head and the kiln tail, large product quality fluctuation, large change of discharged smoke components, even incomplete combustion phenomenon of black smoke sometimes, even ring formation in the rotary kiln possibly caused, and the like.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a vertical cooler which has a structure completely different from that of the existing vertical cooler, and is not influenced by the factors of the rotating speed of a rotary kiln, the granularity of materials, an inclined grating grid plate and the like on the position of a material falling point, so that the shape of a stacking material layer in the cooler is regular and is symmetrical about a vertical axis, no material deviation and no wind deviation are generated, the cooling effect is good, the resistance of the material layer is stable and symmetrical, the air flow entering the kiln is stable, the temperature is stable, the proportion of fuel and combustion air is stable, the quality of a calcined product of the rotary kiln is stable and reliable, and basic conditions are provided for preventing the rotary kiln from forming a ring and preventing the rotary kiln from discharging black smoke.

To achieve the above object, the solution adopted by this patent is as follows: the vertical cooler comprises a shell, a collecting hopper, a distributing device, a discharging device and a blowing device; the upper end of the shell is a feeding end and is used for being connected with a kiln hood cover, the lower end of the shell is a discharging end and is connected with a discharging device, the periphery of the shell, which takes a vertical axis as a central shaft, is closed, and a cavity is enclosed in the shell; the collecting hopper is of a hopper-shaped structure with a large upper opening and a small lower outlet, is positioned above the cavity, receives and collects high-temperature materials discharged from the rotary kiln through the kiln head cover, and enters the cavity, and the materials form a material pile which is symmetrical by an axis in the cavity; the distributing device is positioned in the cavity, is arranged below the collecting hopper and above the discharging device and is symmetrical by an axis, the distributing device is a conical body or a cylindrical and conical composite body, the material discharged from the outlet of the collecting hopper is distributed in an annular space between the shell and the distributing device by the distributing device, and the annular space is a part of the cavity; the outlet of the aggregate bin, the cavity, the distributing device and the discharging device are symmetrically arranged along the axis; the air outlets of the air blowing devices are communicated with the cavity and are symmetrically and uniformly distributed along the axis; in the cavity, the material moves from top to bottom, is discharged out of the cavity by the discharging device, and the cooling air moves from bottom to top and enters the kiln hood and the rotary kiln after exchanging heat with the material.

In the vertical cooler, the box type air distribution device is arranged on the upper part of the discharging device around the shell, a second annular space which is symmetrical with the axis is formed on the inner side surface of the box type air distribution device, the second annular space is communicated with the cavity, a second air inlet which is connected with a pipeline of the air blowing device is arranged on the box type air distribution device, second air outlets or air outlets which are symmetrical with the axis and are uniformly distributed are also formed on the inner side surface of the box type air distribution device, and the second air outlets or the air outlets are communicated with the cavity.

The inner side surface (in contact with or close to the material) of the box type air distribution device forms a second annular space which is symmetrical about the axis of the cooler, and the second annular space and the cooler cavity form a whole and are used for the passage of the material and the cooling air. The box-type air distribution device is actually an air distribution device, namely a box-type air distribution device, and has the function of symmetrically and uniformly introducing air sent by the air blowing device into a material layer of the cooler. The horizontal section of the inner side surface of the box type wind distribution device can be circular or polygonal.

In the vertical cooler, the radial size of the inner side surface of the box type air distribution device is larger than that of the material distribution device.

In the vertical cooler, the lower end of the shell is a conical cylinder, and the lower part of the conical cylinder is a discharge end and is connected with a discharge device; the box type air distribution device and the material distribution device are positioned above the conical cylinder; the conical cylinders are distributed symmetrically with the axis. The conical cylinder can be single or multiple.

In the vertical cooler, the material distribution device comprises a closed cavity body, the closed cavity body is provided with a third air inlet connected with the pipeline of the air blowing device, the closed cavity body is provided with third air outlets or air outlets which are symmetrically and uniformly distributed by an axis, and the third air outlets or the air outlets are communicated with the cavity.

The material distributing device with the closed cavity has the functions of distributing material and distributing air, and is called as a material distributing and air distributing device, and the material distributing and air distributing device can be a hollow conical body, a cylindrical body or a composite hollow body of the cylindrical body and the conical body. The material distributing and air distributing device, the collecting hopper and the like uniformly and symmetrically distribute the material in the annular cavity between the shell and the material distributing and air distributing device, and simultaneously symmetrically and uniformly introduce cooling air (also main combustion air of the rotary kiln) sent by the air blowing device into the annular cavity, and the material and the cooling air exchange heat in the annular cavity between the material distributing and air distributing device and the shell.

The vertical cooler can be provided with a box type air distribution device or a cloth air distribution device independently, and can also be provided with the box type air distribution device and the cloth air distribution device simultaneously.

In the vertical cooler, the discharging device comprises the air locking discharging machine, the casing of the air locking discharging machine is provided with the air guide hole, one end of the air guide hole is communicated with the material channel in the casing, and the other end of the air guide hole is communicated with the air inlet of the dust remover.

The air-locking unloading machine belongs to the existing design and can be of a vibration type, a rigid impeller type and the like.

In the vertical cooler, a screen mesh-shaped grid grate plate made of heat-resistant steel is arranged at the feed end of the shell in the kiln head cover and used for screening large materials coming out of the rotary kiln, and the collecting hopper is positioned below the grid grate plate.

In the vertical cooler, a space for cooling air to pass through is formed between the outer edge of the collecting hopper and the inner wall of the shell, and air from the air blowing device enters the rotary kiln through the cavity and the space through the kiln head cover. The aggregate bin is made of heat-resistant steel.

In the vertical cooler, any horizontal cross section of the shell can be circular, and can also be quadrilateral or polygonal.

In the vertical cooler, the lower portion of the periphery of the housing is supported by the support frame.

In the vertical cooler, the collecting hopper can be fixed on the shell through the bracket, and can also be fixed on the distributing device through the bracket.

In the vertical cooler, the material distribution device can be fixed in the shell through the bracket.

At least one of the material distributing device and the material discharging device is arranged in the vertical cooler.

The vertical cooler is characterized in that the shell is lined with refractory materials.

The beneficial effect of this patent: the outlets of the collecting hoppers are symmetrically arranged along the axis, the falling point position of the material on the vertical cooler is constantly just positioned at the center of the cooler, the falling point position cannot be changed due to the factors of the rotating speed of the rotary kiln, the bulk degree of the material, the height brought by the rotary kiln, the grating plate and the like, and the phenomenon of material deviation cannot be generated; the cavity, the distributing device and the discharging device are symmetrically arranged by an axis, materials on the same horizontal section in the cavity are basically uniform and uniformly descend, and the stay time of the materials in the cooler is basically consistent; the air outlets of the air blowing device are symmetrically and uniformly distributed along the axial line, or the second air outlets or air outlets on the inner side surface of the box type air distribution device are symmetrically and uniformly distributed along the axial line, or the third air outlets or air outlets on the closed cavity body in the air distribution device are symmetrically and uniformly distributed along the axial line, and the cooling air is basically and uniformly distributed in the cavity body. Therefore, the materials on the same cross section in the cooler have consistent and symmetrical resistance, consistent and symmetrical descending speed of the materials, even and symmetrical ascending flow speed and flow of cooling air, no generation of partial wind and partial material phenomena, even cooling effect on the materials, stable temperature and flow of the air after heat exchange, stable combustion air quantity entering the rotary kiln, stable combustion flame, stable temperature in the kiln, stable discharged smoke components and guaranteed quality of calcined products.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional vertical cooler.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the vertical cooler of this patent.

In the figure: the device comprises a shell 1, an axis 101, a distributing device 2, a closed cavity 21, a conical body 22, a cylindrical body 23, a third air inlet 24, a third air outlet or air outlet 25, an air box body 3, a second air inlet 34, a second air outlet or air outlet 35, a collecting hopper 6, a conical barrel 7, a discharging device 8 and a supporting frame 9; the device comprises a cavity 10, a grid plate 11, a kiln head cover 12, a sliding-out channel 121, refractory materials 13, air guide holes 15, a blast cap 16, a discharging conical hopper 17 and a vibrating unloader 18.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 2, the vertical cooler comprises a shell 1, a collecting hopper 6, a distributing device 2, an air box body 3, a conical cylinder body 7, a discharging device 8 and a blowing device (not shown).

The periphery of the casing 1 with the vertical axis 101 as the central axis is closed, the cavity 10 is enclosed in the casing 1, and the casing 1 is lined with the refractory material 13.

The gas tank body 3 is fixed at the lower part of the periphery of the shell 1, and the lower part of the gas tank body 3 is supported by a supporting frame 9.

The periphery of the upper end of the shell 1 is connected with a kiln head cover 12, and the feeding end of the upper end of the shell 1 is provided with an inclined sieve mesh-shaped grid plate 11 made of heat-resistant steel and used for screening out large materials from the rotary kiln. The side wall of the kiln head cover 12 close to the lower end part of the grid plate 11 or the side wall of the shell 1 is provided with a large material sliding channel.

The lower end of the shell 1 is provided with a plurality of conical cylinders 7, the lower parts of the conical cylinders 7 are discharge ends and are connected with a discharging device 8; the plurality of conical cylinders 7 are symmetrically distributed about the axis 101.

The collecting hopper 6 made of heat-resistant steel is of a hopper-shaped structure with a large upper opening and a small lower outlet, is positioned above the inner part of the cavity 10, receives and collects high-temperature materials which are discharged from the rotary kiln through a kiln head cover 12 and pass through sieve holes on the grate plate 11 of the grid, the high-temperature materials enter the cavity 10, and the materials form a material pile symmetrical to the axis 101 in the cavity 10;

the aggregate bin 6 is fixed on the shell 1 through a bracket or fixed at the upper end of the distributing device 2 through a bracket.

The material distributing device 2 is a material distributing and air distributing device with a closed cavity body 10, and is positioned in the cavity body 10, below the material collecting hopper 6 and above the conical cylinder body 7. The cloth wind distribution device is a cylindrical and conical composite hollow body with the axis 101 symmetrical, the inside is a closed cavity body 10, the upper section of the cloth wind distribution device is a hollow conical body, and the lower section of the cloth wind distribution device is a cylindrical body.

The closed cavity body 10 is provided with a third air inlet 24 connected with a pipeline of the blower device, the cylindrical body is provided with a plurality of third air outlets or air outlets 25 which are symmetrically and uniformly distributed with the axis 101, and the third air outlets or air outlets 25 are communicated with the cavity body 10.

An air box body 3 (box type air distribution device) 3 is mounted on the upper part of the conical cylinder 7 and the lower part of the periphery of the shell 1, and the horizontal section of the inner side surface of the box type air distribution device is circular. The inner diameter of the inner side surface of the box type air distribution device is larger than the maximum outer diameter of the material distribution device 2.

The inner side surface of the box type air distribution device forms a second annular space which is symmetrical with the axis 101, the second annular space is communicated with the cavity 10, a second air inlet 34 which is connected with a pipeline of the air blowing device is arranged on the box type air distribution device, a plurality of second air outlets or air outlets 35 which are symmetrical with the axis 101 and are uniformly distributed are also arranged on the inner side surface of the box type air distribution device, and the second air outlets or the air outlets are communicated with the cavity 10.

The discharging device 8 is an air-locking discharging machine, an air guide hole 15 is formed in a shell of the air-locking discharging machine, one end of the air guide hole is communicated with a material channel in the shell, and the other end of the air guide hole is communicated with an air inlet of the dust remover.

Any horizontal cross section of the shell 1 can be circular, and can also be quadrilateral or polygonal.

The outlet of the collecting hopper 6, the cavity 10, the distributing device 2 and the discharging device 8 are symmetrically arranged by an axis 101.

In the cavity 10, the material moves from top to bottom, and is discharged out of the cavity 10 by the discharging device 8. The air (cooling air) from the blower is divided into two paths, one path passes through the air box body 3 and enters the cavity 10 from the second air outlet or the air outlet 35, and the other path passes through the closed cavity body and enters the cavity 10 from the third air outlet or the air outlet 25. The cooling air entering the cavity 10 moves from bottom to top, enters the kiln head cover 12 and the rotary kiln after exchanging heat with the materials in the cavity 10 to form combustion-supporting air, and the flue gas discharged from the rotary kiln enters the dust remover for dust removal.

Claims

1. The vertical cooler comprises a shell, a collecting hopper, a distributing device, a discharging device and a blowing device; the upper end of the shell is a feeding end and is used for being connected with a kiln hood cover, the lower end of the shell is a discharging end and is connected with a discharging device, the periphery of the shell, which takes a vertical axis as a central shaft, is closed, and a cavity is enclosed in the shell; the method is characterized in that: the collecting hopper is of a hopper-shaped structure with a large upper opening and a small lower outlet, is positioned above the cavity, receives and collects high-temperature materials discharged from the rotary kiln through the kiln head cover, and enters the cavity, and the materials form a material pile which is symmetrical by an axis in the cavity; the distributing device is positioned in the cavity, is arranged below the collecting hopper and above the discharging device and is symmetrical by an axis, the distributing device is a conical body or a cylindrical and conical composite body, the material discharged from the outlet of the collecting hopper is distributed in an annular space between the shell and the distributing device by the distributing device, and the annular space is a part of the cavity; the outlet of the aggregate bin, the cavity, the distributing device and the discharging device are symmetrically arranged along the axis; the air outlets of the air blowing devices are communicated with the cavity and are symmetrically and uniformly distributed along the axis; in the cavity, the material moves from top to bottom, is discharged out of the cavity by the discharging device, and the cooling air moves from bottom to top and enters the kiln hood and the rotary kiln after exchanging heat with the material.

2. The vertical cooler as claimed in claim 1, wherein a box-type air distributor is mounted around the housing at the upper part of the discharge unit, the inner side of the box-type air distributor forms a second annular space symmetrical about an axis, the second annular space is communicated with the cavity, the box-type air distributor is provided with a second air inlet connected with a pipeline of the blower, the inner side of the box-type air distributor is further provided with second air outlets or air outlets uniformly distributed about the axis, and the second air outlets or air outlets are communicated with the cavity.

3. The vertical cooler according to claim 2, wherein the radial dimension of the inner side of the box-type air distribution device is larger than the radial dimension of the material distribution device.

4. The vertical cooler according to claim 2, wherein the lower end of the shell is a conical cylinder, and the lower part of the conical cylinder is a discharge end and is connected with a discharge device; the box type air distribution device and the material distribution device are positioned above the conical cylinder; the conical cylinders are distributed symmetrically with the axis.

5. The vertical cooler according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the distributing device comprises a sealed cavity body, the sealed cavity body is provided with a third air inlet connected with the pipeline of the blowing device, the sealed cavity body is provided with third air outlets or air outlets which are uniformly distributed in axial symmetry, and the third air outlets or air outlets are communicated with the cavity body.

6. The vertical cooler according to claim 1, wherein: the discharging device comprises an air-locking discharging machine, an air guide hole is formed in a shell of the air-locking discharging machine, one end of the air guide hole is communicated with a material channel in the shell, and the other end of the air guide hole is communicated with an air inlet of the dust remover.

7. The vertical cooler according to claim 1, wherein: in the kiln head cover, the feeding end of the shell is provided with a sieve mesh-shaped grid plate made of heat-resistant steel and used for screening large materials coming out of the rotary kiln, and the collecting hopper is positioned below the grid plate.

8. The vertical cooler according to claim 1, wherein: a space for cooling air to pass through is formed between the outer edge of the aggregate bin and the inner wall of the shell.

9. The vertical cooler according to claim 1, wherein: the shell may be circular or polygonal in any horizontal cross-section.

10. The vertical cooler according to claim 1, wherein the lower peripheral portion of the housing is supported by a support frame.