CN215934484U - Battery charging circuit and battery management system - Google Patents
Battery charging circuit and battery management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN215934484U CN215934484U CN202120936959.1U CN202120936959U CN215934484U CN 215934484 U CN215934484 U CN 215934484U CN 202120936959 U CN202120936959 U CN 202120936959U CN 215934484 U CN215934484 U CN 215934484U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The utility model provides a battery charging circuit and a battery management system, wherein the battery charging circuit is applied to the battery management system and comprises a first interface end, a second interface end, a positive exciton circuit, a shunt, a control sub-circuit and a battery, the positive exciton circuit comprises a transformer, a first electronic switch, a first inductor, a second inductor and a first diode, the transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding, the first inductor and the first electronic switch are arranged on a first passage where the primary winding is arranged in series, one end of the first passage is electrically connected with the cathode of the battery, and the other end of the first passage is electrically connected with the second interface end through the shunt; a first diode and a second inductor are arranged on a second path where the secondary winding is arranged in series, one end of the second path is electrically connected with the first interface end, and the other end of the second path is electrically connected with the cathode of the battery; the control sub-circuit is used for controlling the on-off of the first electronic switch according to the current of the path where the current divider is located. The embodiment of the utility model can improve the safety of battery charging.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery charging circuit and a battery management system.
Background
In the current energy storage application, in order to prevent the charging current from being too large when the voltage difference between the charging voltage and the battery voltage is large, a Battery Management System (BMS) needs a current limiting function, the charging current is limited in the constant current charging stage, and the charging safety is improved.
The current limiting scheme commonly used at present generally adopts a BOOST topology circuit for boosting. Since the voltage of the battery will increase during the charging process, and the voltage difference between the charging voltage and the battery voltage will decrease under the condition that the charging voltage is kept constant, the driving duty ratio will approach to 1, and the phenomena such as short circuit and the like are easily caused. It can be seen that, in the existing scheme, when the charging voltage is large and the voltage difference between the charging voltage and the battery is small, the charging safety is low.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The embodiment of the utility model provides a battery charging circuit and a battery management system, which aim to solve the problem of low charging safety in the prior art.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery charging circuit applied to a battery management system, including a first interface terminal, a second interface terminal, a positive exciton circuit, a current divider, a control sub-circuit, and a battery, where the positive exciton circuit includes a transformer, a first electronic switch, a first inductor, a second inductor, and a first diode, where,
the transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding, the first inductor and the first electronic switch are arranged on a first path where the primary winding is located in series, one end of the first path is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the battery, and the other end of the first path is electrically connected with the second interface end through the shunt; the first diode and the second inductor are arranged on a second passage where the secondary winding is located in series, one end of the second passage is electrically connected with the first interface end, and the other end of the second passage is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the battery;
the control sub-circuit is electrically connected with the first electronic switch and the shunt; the control sub-circuit is used for controlling the on-off of the first electronic switch according to the current of the first access.
Optionally, the control sub-circuit comprises a Micro Control Unit (MCU) chip, and the MCU chip is electrically connected with the first electronic switch;
the MCU chip drives the first electronic switch to be conducted through a driving signal and controls the on-off frequency of the first electronic switch by controlling the duty ratio of the driving signal.
Optionally, the control sub-circuit further includes an integrated circuit IC chip, and the MCU chip is electrically connected to the first electronic switch through the IC chip;
the MCU chip indicates the IC chip to generate a driving current through a driving signal so as to drive the first electronic switch to be conducted; the MCU chip controls the on-off frequency of the first electronic switch by controlling the duty ratio of the driving signal.
Optionally, the positive sub-exciton circuit further comprises a third inductor, a fourth inductor and a fifth inductor, the third inductor and the fourth inductor are arranged in series in the first path, and the fifth inductor is arranged in series in the second path;
the third inductor, the fourth inductor and the fifth inductor are three-phase common mode inductors;
the positive exciton circuit also includes a first capacitor disposed between the negative electrode of the battery and the second interface end and connected in parallel with the first via.
Optionally, the positive exciton circuit further includes a second diode and a second capacitor, the second diode is disposed in series on the second path and is located between the first diode and the first interface end, and the second capacitor is disposed between the first diode and the second diode and is connected in parallel with the second path.
Optionally, the positive sub-circuit further includes a third capacitor, and the third capacitor is disposed between the first inductor and the primary winding and is connected in parallel to the first path.
Optionally, the number of the third capacitors is 3.
Optionally, the first electronic switch is a field effect MOS transistor.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a battery management system, including a second electronic switch, a third electronic switch, and the battery charging circuit according to the first aspect, where a battery in the battery charging circuit is connected in series with the second electronic switch and the third electronic switch, the second electronic switch is disposed on a low side of the battery management system, and the third electronic switch is disposed on a high side of the battery management system.
The embodiment of the utility model realizes the current-limiting charging of the battery through the positive sub-circuit and the control sub-circuit, because the positive sub-circuit adopts the transformer to boost the voltage, the voltage difference between the charging voltage and the battery is gradually reduced in the charging process, but because the positive sub-circuit can adjust the voltage relation of the primary and secondary windings according to the turn ratio of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer, the boosting is realized, so that the positive sub-circuit can work at a lower duty ratio, and the safety of the battery during charging is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a battery charging circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic control flow diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the present application do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. Also, the use of the terms "a" or "an" and the like do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships are changed accordingly.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery charging circuit applied to a battery management system, including a first interface terminal 101, a second interface terminal 102, a current divider 103, a positive sub-circuit including a transformer 210, a first electronic switch 220, a first inductor 230, a second inductor 240 and a first diode 250, a control sub-circuit and a battery 400, wherein,
the transformer 210 includes a primary winding 211 and a secondary winding 212, the first inductor 230 and the first electronic switch 220 are arranged in series on a first path where the primary winding 211 is located, one end of the first path is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery 400, and the other end of the first path is electrically connected to the second interface terminal 102 through the shunt 103; the first diode 250 and the second inductor 240 are arranged in series on a second path where the secondary winding 212 is located, one end of the second path is electrically connected with the first interface end 101, and the other end of the second path is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the battery 400;
the control sub-circuit is electrically connected with the first electronic switch 220 and with the shunt 103; the control sub-circuit is used for controlling the on-off of the first electronic switch 220 according to the current of the first path.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the charger may be electrically connected to the first interface end 101 and the second interface end 102, respectively, to charge the battery 400. The constant current charging process is a charging process in which the average value of the charging current is constant, and the charging process is divided into two stages according to the on and off of the first electronic switch 220.
Referring to fig. 1, a-a path of a primary winding 211-b is a first path and c-a path of a secondary winding 212-d is a second path in fig. 1. When the first electronic switch 220 is turned on, the battery 400 and the first path are divided, and a charging current flows through the battery 400 and the first path to charge the battery 400. In the first path, since the charging voltage between the first interface terminal 101 and the second interface terminal 102 is kept constant, the current of the first path linearly increases by the input voltage, and the induced electromotive force of the primary winding 211 is applied to both ends of the first diode 250 of the secondary side by electromagnetic induction. It should be understood that, as shown in fig. 1, according to the guiding arrangement of the primary and secondary sides in fig. 1 and the first diode 250, the first diode 250 is ensured to be in a forward conducting state, so that the second path is conducted, and the first inductor 230 transmits the electric energy to the second inductor 240.
When the first electronic switch 220 is turned off, the current of the first path does not abruptly change to 0 but gradually decreases with the turn-off time due to the induced current of the first inductor 230. At this time, the induced current generates an induced electromotive force on the primary winding 211 opposite to that generated when the first electronic switch 220 is turned on, and is applied to the secondary side through electromagnetic induction, at this time, the first diode 250 is turned off in the opposite direction, the current of the second path is not suddenly changed to 0, and the induced current generated by the second inductor 240 may be transmitted to the battery 400 through the first interface terminal 101 to charge the battery 400. In other words, when the first electronic switch 220 is turned off, the electric energy stored in the second inductor 240 can be transmitted to the battery 400.
Since the charging voltage needs to be greater than the terminal voltages of the two ends of the battery 400 during the charging process, the number of turns of the primary winding 211 is smaller than that of the secondary winding 212, so as to boost the voltage. In the process of constant current charging, the control sub-circuit controls the on/off of the first electronic switch 220 to control the average value of the charging current, that is, the average value of the current of the path where the shunt 103 is located, so as to avoid the problem of overlarge current caused by overlarge voltage difference between the charging voltage and the voltage of the battery 400.
It will be appreciated that the longer the on-time of the first electronic switch 220, the higher the instantaneous maximum value of the current of the first path, resulting in a higher average value of the charging current, and vice versa. Therefore, the current of the path in which the shunt 103 is located, that is, the average value of the charging current can be controlled by controlling the drive duty of the positive sub-circuit.
Specifically, the shunt 103 may be regarded as a resistor with a small resistance, and the control sub-circuit may determine the instantaneous value of the current of the path in which the shunt 103 is located by detecting the voltage across the shunt 103. Meanwhile, the control sub-circuit may control the on/off of the first electronic switch 220 by sending a driving signal. When the first electronic switch 220 is turned on, the change of the charging current is relatively smooth, so that the average value of the charging current can be easily determined according to the instantaneous value of the charging current, the control sub-circuit can acquire the average value of the current of the path where the current divider 103 is located in a preset period and compare the average value with a preset reference value, and when the average value of the current is smaller than the preset reference value, the control sub-circuit can increase the duty ratio of the driving signal, so that the on-time of the first electronic switch 220 in the period is increased until the average value of the current of the path where the current divider 103 is located is equal to the preset reference value, and the average value of the charging current is kept constant.
In the charging process, the voltage of the battery 400 gradually rises, and the voltage difference between the charging voltage and the voltage of the battery 400 is reduced, so that the input voltage of the positive sub-circuit gradually falls, and the charging current value falls, and at this time, the control sub-circuit can adopt the method to increase the duty ratio of the driving signal, so as to increase the average value of the charging current. Of course, in some embodiments, the control sub-circuit may also decrease the duty cycle of the driving signal, thereby decreasing the average value of the charging current, which is not limited herein.
In the embodiment of the utility model, the current-limiting charging of the battery 400 is realized through the positive sub-circuit and the control sub-circuit, and the voltage difference between the charging voltage and the battery 400 is gradually reduced in the charging process because the positive sub-circuit adopts the transformer 210 for boosting, but the positive sub-circuit can adjust the voltage relation of the primary and secondary windings 212 according to the turn ratio of the primary and secondary windings 212 of the transformer 210 to realize boosting, so that the positive sub-circuit can work at a lower duty ratio, and the safety of the battery 400 during charging is improved.
In addition, because the transformer 210 is adopted in the positive sub-circuit for boosting, under the condition of larger charging voltage, for example, under the condition of charging a plurality of strings of batteries 400, through the embodiment of the utility model, the positive sub-circuit can work at a lower duty ratio only by adjusting the turn ratio of the primary and secondary windings 212 of the transformer 210 to adjust the voltage of the primary and secondary windings 212, and the safety of the batteries 400 during charging is further improved.
Optionally, the control sub-circuit may include a Micro Controller Unit (MCU) chip, and the MCU chip 310 is electrically connected to the first electronic switch 220;
the MCU chip 310 drives the first electronic switch 220 to be turned on by a driving signal, and controls the on/off frequency of the first electronic switch 220 by controlling the duty ratio of the driving signal.
Further, the control sub-Circuit may further include an Integrated Circuit (IC) chip, and the MCU chip 310 is electrically connected to the first electronic switch 220 through the IC chip 320;
the MCU chip 310 instructs the IC chip 320 to generate a driving current through a driving signal to drive the first electronic switch 220 to be turned on; the MCU chip 310 controls the on/off frequency of the first electronic switch 220 by controlling the duty ratio of the driving signal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the MCU chip 310 may be configured to send a driving signal according to the collected current value of the charging circuit, and the driving signal turns on the first electronic switch 220. Since the driving capability of the MCU chip 310 is weak and may not generate enough driving current to turn on the first electronic switch 220, referring to fig. 2, the MCU chip 310 may transmit a driving signal to the IC chip 320, and the IC chip 320 transmits the driving current according to the driving signal, so that the driving current turns on the first electronic switch 220, thereby reducing the failure rate of the positive sub-circuit.
Specifically, the types of the MCU chip 310 and the IC chip 320 may be set according to actual needs. In the embodiment of the present invention, the MCU chip 310 may adopt a model including, but not limited to, S9KEAZ _128 to implement the above functions, and the IC chip 320 may adopt a model including, but not limited to, UCC _27517 to implement the above functions, which is not further limited herein.
Optionally, the positive sub-exciton circuit further includes a third inductor 261, a fourth inductor 262, a fifth inductor 263 and a first capacitor 270, the third inductor 261 and the fourth inductor 262 are disposed in series in the first path, and the fifth inductor 263 is disposed in series in the second path;
the third inductor 261, the fourth inductor 262 and the fifth inductor 263 are three-phase common mode inductors;
the first capacitor 270 is disposed between the negative terminal of the battery 400 and the second interface terminal 102, and is connected in parallel with the first path.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in order to suppress common mode noise in the positive sub-circuit, referring to fig. 1, a three-phase common mode inductor may be disposed in the positive sub-circuit, and the first capacitor 270 and the third inductor 261 form a noise suppression loop to suppress noise generated by the transformer 210, thereby reducing interference with the battery management system and external devices.
Optionally, the positive sub-circuit may further include a second diode 281 and a second capacitor 282, the second diode 281 being disposed in series on the second path between the first diode 250 and the first interface terminal 101, and the second capacitor 282 being disposed between the first diode 250 and the second diode 281 and being connected in parallel with the second path.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the second capacitor 282 may be regarded as an output filter capacitor, which functions as a voltage stabilizing filter, and the second diode 281 may prevent the charger from directly charging the second capacitor 282 through the first interface end 101 and the second interface end 102, thereby causing the filter function of the second capacitor 282 to fail.
Optionally, in order to reduce the ripple current of the charging, the positive sub-circuit may further include a third capacitor 290, and the third capacitor 290 is disposed between the first inductor 230 and the primary winding 211 and is connected in parallel with the first path.
Further, in order to increase the total capacitance of the third capacitor 290, thereby increasing the filtering efficiency, the number of the third capacitors 290 may be 3.
Alternatively, the first electronic switch 220 may be a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) transistor. Of course, in other alternative embodiments, the first electronic switch 220 may also be an electronic switching device such as an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), and may be specifically set according to actual needs.
Referring to fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a battery management system, which includes a second electronic switch 500, a third electronic switch 600, and the battery charging circuit according to any of the above embodiments, wherein a battery 400 in the battery charging circuit is connected in series with the second electronic switch 500 and the third electronic switch 600, the second electronic switch 500 is disposed on a lower side of the battery management system, and the third electronic switch 600 is disposed on a higher side of the battery management system.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the second electronic switch 500 and the third electronic switch 600 may be separately disposed, and the second electronic switch 500 is located at the lower side and may be controlled by a control sub-circuit in the battery charging circuit. And the third electronic switch 600 is located at a high side and can be controlled by an Analog Front End (AFE) in the battery management system, thereby facilitating the arrangement of the battery charging circuit.
During charging, the third electronic switch 600 is turned on, the second electronic switch 500 is turned off, and a charging current flows through the battery 400 and the first path to charge the battery 400. During discharging, the third electronic switch 600 and the second electronic switch 500 are both turned on, and the battery 400 is discharged to the outside through the first interface terminal 101 and the second interface terminal 102.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A battery charging circuit is applied to a battery management system and is characterized by comprising a first interface terminal, a second interface terminal, a positive exciton circuit, a current divider, a control sub-circuit and a battery, wherein the positive exciton circuit comprises a transformer, a first electronic switch, a first inductor, a second inductor and a first diode,
the transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding, the first inductor and the first electronic switch are arranged on a first path where the primary winding is located in series, one end of the first path is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the battery, and the other end of the first path is electrically connected with the second interface end through the shunt; the first diode and the second inductor are arranged on a second passage where the secondary winding is located in series, one end of the second passage is electrically connected with the first interface end, and the other end of the second passage is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the battery;
the control sub-circuit is electrically connected with the first electronic switch and the shunt; the control sub-circuit is used for controlling the on-off of the first electronic switch according to the current of the path where the current divider is located.
2. The battery charging circuit of claim 1, wherein the control sub-circuit comprises a Micro Control Unit (MCU) chip, the MCU chip being electrically connected to the first electronic switch;
the MCU chip drives the first electronic switch to be conducted through a driving signal and controls the on-off frequency of the first electronic switch by controlling the duty ratio of the driving signal.
3. The battery charging circuit of claim 2, wherein the control sub-circuit further comprises an Integrated Circuit (IC) chip, the MCU chip being electrically connected to the first electronic switch through the IC chip;
the MCU chip indicates the IC chip to generate a driving current through a driving signal so as to drive the first electronic switch to be conducted; the MCU chip controls the on-off frequency of the first electronic switch by controlling the duty ratio of the driving signal.
4. The battery charging circuit of claim 1, wherein the positive sub-circuit further comprises a third inductor, a fourth inductor, a fifth inductor, and a first capacitor, the third and fourth inductors disposed in series in the first path, the fifth inductor disposed in series in the second path;
the third inductor, the fourth inductor and the fifth inductor are three-phase common mode inductors;
the first capacitor is arranged between the negative electrode of the battery and the second interface end and is connected with the first passage in parallel.
5. The battery charging circuit of claim 1, wherein the positive sub-circuit further comprises a second diode disposed in series on the second path between the first diode and the first interface terminal and a second capacitor disposed between the first diode and the second diode and in parallel with the second path.
6. The battery charging circuit of claim 1, wherein the positive sub-circuit further comprises a third capacitor disposed between the first inductor and the primary winding and in parallel with the first path.
7. The battery charging circuit of claim 6, wherein the number of the third capacitors is 3.
8. The battery charging circuit of claim 1, wherein the first electronic switch is a field effect MOS transistor.
9. A battery management system comprising a second electronic switch, a third electronic switch and a battery charging circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the battery in the battery charging circuit is arranged in series with the second electronic switch and the third electronic switch, and the second electronic switch is arranged on the low side of the battery management system and the third electronic switch is arranged on the high side of the battery management system.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202120936959.1U CN215934484U (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2021-04-30 | Battery charging circuit and battery management system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202120936959.1U CN215934484U (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2021-04-30 | Battery charging circuit and battery management system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN215934484U true CN215934484U (en) | 2022-03-01 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202120936959.1U Active CN215934484U (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2021-04-30 | Battery charging circuit and battery management system |
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| CN (1) | CN215934484U (en) |
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- 2021-04-30 CN CN202120936959.1U patent/CN215934484U/en active Active
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