SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a detection circuit for electric field interference, which is used for detecting high-voltage electric field interference.
According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided a detection circuit for electric field interference, which is applied to an electric power device, and includes:
a discharge detection antenna for receiving a discharge current when the electric power device generates a partial discharge in an electric field;
the isolation circuit comprises a current input end and a current output end, wherein the current input end is connected with the discharge detection antenna and used for picking up the discharge current;
the signal conversion circuit comprises a first signal input end and a signal output end, wherein the first signal input end is connected with the current output end of the isolation circuit and is used for converting the discharge current into a first voltage signal;
and the control circuit is connected with the signal output end of the signal conversion circuit and used for identifying the discharge interference of the high-voltage electric field according to the first voltage signal.
In some embodiments of the present application, based on the foregoing solution, the circuit further includes:
a radiation detection antenna for generating a radiation coupling voltage when the power device is in a high voltage electric field;
the signal conversion circuit further comprises a second signal input end, and the second signal input end is connected with the radiation detection antenna and used for converting the radiation coupling voltage into a second voltage signal.
The control circuit is further used for identifying high-voltage electric field radiation interference according to the second voltage signal.
In some embodiments of the present application, based on the foregoing solution, the circuit further includes:
and the signal shaping circuit comprises a shaping input end and a shaping output end, the shaping input end is connected with the signal output end of the signal conversion circuit, and the shaping output end is connected with the control circuit and is used for shaping the first voltage signal into a rectangular wave.
In some embodiments of the present application, based on the foregoing scheme, the signal shaping circuit includes:
a first end of the fifth resistor is connected with the signal output end of the signal conversion circuit;
the control end of the second switch tube is connected with the second end of the fifth resistor, and the first end of the second switch tube is connected with the power supply;
and the first end of the sixth resistor is respectively connected with the second end of the second switching tube and the control circuit, and the second end of the sixth resistor is grounded.
In some embodiments of the present application, the signal conversion circuit based on the foregoing scheme includes:
the input end of the current-voltage conversion circuit is connected with the current output end of the isolation circuit and is used for converting the discharge current into discharge voltage;
the voltage division circuit is connected with the output end of the current-voltage conversion circuit and is used for dividing the discharge voltage;
and the input end of the level conversion circuit is connected with the output end of the voltage division circuit, and the output end of the level conversion circuit is connected with the control circuit and used for converting the divided discharge voltage into high and low level signals to obtain the first voltage signal.
In some embodiments of the present application, based on the foregoing solution, the signal conversion circuit further includes:
and the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with the output end of the voltage dividing circuit and is used for stabilizing the output voltage of the voltage dividing circuit within a preset range.
In some embodiments of the present application, based on the foregoing solution, the current-voltage conversion circuit includes:
and the first end of the first resistor is connected with the current output end of the isolation circuit, and the second end of the first resistor is grounded.
In some embodiments of the present application, the level shift circuit according to the foregoing scheme includes:
the first end of the fourth resistor is connected with the power supply;
and the control end of the first switch tube is connected with the output end of the voltage division circuit, the first end of the first switch tube is connected with the second end of the fourth resistor and the control circuit respectively, and the second end of the first switch tube is grounded.
In some embodiments of the present application, based on the foregoing solution, the isolation circuit includes:
a primary coil, a first end of which is connected with the discharge detection antenna and a second end of which is connected with a low potential point;
and the first end of the secondary coil is connected with the input end of the signal conversion circuit, and the second end of the secondary coil is grounded.
According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a smart meter is provided, which includes the above-mentioned electric field interference detection circuit.
According to the embodiment of the application, the discharge detection antenna receives the discharge current generated by partial discharge of the power equipment in the high-voltage electric field, the isolation circuit is used for picking up the discharge current, and the discharge current is processed into the signal which can be identified by the control circuit through the signal conversion circuit, so that the interference of the high-voltage electric field is detected.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments that embody features and advantages of the utility model are described in detail below in the specification. It is to be understood that the utility model is capable of other embodiments and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the utility model and the description and drawings are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited. Either mechanically or electrically. Either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present embodiment can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
Furthermore, the drawings are merely schematic illustrations of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and thus their repetitive description will be omitted.
Partial discharge easily occurs to some weak parts at the insulating position of a smart meter or other electric equipment under the action of a high-voltage electric field. Such discharges are present only in partial locations of the insulation and do not immediately form a complete insulation penetration breakdown or flashover, but under certain conditions partial discharges can lead to a deterioration of the insulation and even to a breakdown. Since partial discharge causes insulation aging of electrical equipment and also electricity stealing behavior is possible, detection of partial discharge of electrical equipment is of great importance for assessing the insulation condition of the equipment and assessing whether users use electricity illegally.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a detection circuit for an electric field disturbance according to one embodiment. As shown in fig. 1, the detection circuit includes the following parts.
The discharge detection antenna 110 is configured to receive a discharge current when a partial discharge occurs in an electric field in the power equipment.
When a partial discharge occurs in an electrical device, a pulse current is generated. The rising edge of the pulse current can reach nanosecond level, and the frequency of electromagnetic radiation generated by partial discharge can reach GHz, namely, the ultrahigh frequency range. Therefore, the discharge detection antenna in the embodiment of the application adopts the ultrahigh frequency detection antenna.
When the detection circuit for high-voltage electric field interference is applied to the intelligent electric meter, the discharge detection antenna in a built-in form can be adopted, and at least one discharge detection antenna is arranged at the shell gap (insulation weak part) of the equipment and near the key device. When the high-voltage electric field disturbed the smart electric meter, the energy release that the detection antenna of discharging produced smart electric meter partial discharge to avoid the high-voltage electric field to destroy the inside part of smart electric meter.
The isolation circuit 120 includes a current input terminal and a current output terminal, and the current input terminal is connected to the discharge detection antenna and is used for picking up the discharge current.
The isolation circuit 120 transmits the discharge current received by the discharge detection antenna 110 to a subsequent circuit, so that the subsequent circuit can process the discharge current conveniently, and meanwhile, since the voltage value of the high-voltage electric field reaches several kilovolts, the isolation circuit 120 also plays a role in safely isolating the subsequent circuit (a signal conversion circuit, a control circuit and the like) from a high-voltage electric field loop.
The signal conversion circuit 130 includes a first signal input terminal and a signal output terminal, the first signal input terminal is connected to the current output terminal of the isolation circuit 120, and is configured to convert the discharge current into a first voltage signal.
In order to convert the discharge current into a signal recognizable by the control circuit, a signal conversion circuit 130 is used between the isolation circuit 120 and the control circuit 140 to convert the discharge current into a high-low level signal.
And the control circuit 140 is connected with the signal output end of the signal conversion circuit 130 and is used for identifying the discharge interference of the high-voltage electric field according to the first voltage signal.
In a specific implementation, the control circuit 140 may employ a microprocessor, which determines that the power device has a partial discharge in the high-voltage electric field after receiving the first voltage signal, and determines that the power device is not in the high-voltage electric field interference when the received signal is at a normal high level or a normal low level.
The embodiment of the application receives the discharge current generated by partial discharge of the power equipment in the high-voltage electric field through the discharge detection antenna, then the isolation circuit is used for picking up the discharge current, and the discharge current is processed into a signal which can be identified by the control circuit through the signal conversion circuit, so that the interference of the high-voltage electric field is detected.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a detection circuit for an electric field disturbance according to one embodiment. As shown in fig. 2, the detection circuit for electric field disturbance shown in fig. 1 further includes the following components.
A radiation detection antenna 250 for generating a radiation coupling voltage when the power device is in a high voltage electric field.
In a specific implementation, the radiation detection antenna 250 may be an omnidirectional antenna, and is disposed at a central position of an electric device, such as a smart meter, so as to couple the high-voltage electric fields of six sides, i.e., the upper side, the lower side, the left side, the right side, the front side and the rear side of the smart meter.
The signal conversion circuit 230 further comprises a second signal input connected to the radiation detection antenna 250 for converting the radiation coupling voltage into a second voltage signal.
Compared with the discharge current received by the discharge antenna 210, the voltage signal generated by the radiation detection antenna 250 is detected, so that the radiation detection antenna 250 is directly connected to the second signal input terminal of the signal conversion circuit 230, and the radiation coupling voltage can be converted into a signal convenient for the control circuit to recognize through the signal conversion circuit 230.
The control circuit 240 is further configured to identify a high voltage electric field radiated interference from the second voltage signal.
The control circuit 240 determines that the power device is in the high-voltage electric field radiated interference after receiving the second voltage signal, and determines that the power device is not in the high-voltage electric field interference when the received signal is normally high or normally low.
The discharge current and the radiation coupling voltage are obtained through the discharge detection antenna and the radiation detection antenna, and then the detection of discharge interference and radiation interference is achieved by combining the isolation circuit, the signal conversion circuit and the control circuit.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a detection circuit for an electric field disturbance according to one embodiment. As shown in fig. 3, the detection circuit for electric field disturbance shown in fig. 1 further includes the following components.
And the signal shaping circuit 360 comprises a shaping input end and a shaping output end, the shaping input end is connected with the signal output end of the signal conversion circuit 330, and the shaping output end is connected with the control circuit 340 and is used for shaping the first voltage signal into a rectangular wave.
Although the signal conversion circuit 330 converts the discharge current into a voltage signal that can be recognized by the control circuit 340, the first voltage signal may include a sawtooth wave or other incomplete waveforms, which are not beneficial for the control circuit to detect, and therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the signal shaping circuit 360 is further connected in series after the signal conversion circuit 330 to optimize the waveform of the first voltage signal.
In a specific implementation, the signal shaping circuit can adopt a shaping circuit chip with a schmitt function or other circuits.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a detection circuit for an electric field disturbance according to one embodiment. As shown in fig. 4, the signal shaping circuit 460 includes the following parts.
A fifth resistor R5, which is a bias resistor, and has a first end connected to the signal output end of the signal conversion circuit 430;
a control end of the second switching tube Q2 is connected with a second end of the fifth resistor R5, and a first end of the second switching tube Q2 is connected with a power supply VCC;
a sixth resistor R6 has a first end connected to the second end of the second switch Q2 and the control circuit 440, and a second end grounded.
The first voltage output by the signal conversion circuit 430 is divided by a fifth resistor R5 (a bias resistor) to control the on and off operations of the second switch tube Q2, when the first voltage signal is at a high level and the second switch tube Q2 is in an on state, a current flows through the sixth resistor R6, and the control circuit 440 receives the high level; conversely, when the first voltage signal is low, the second switch Q2 is in a closed state, no current flows through the sixth resistor R6, and the control circuit 440 receives a low level. The first voltage may be converted into a rectangular wave by the signal shaping circuit 460.
In the specific implementation, a low-power switch tube, a medium-power switch tube and a high-power switch tube can be adopted according to the actual situation.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a detection circuit for an electric field disturbance according to one embodiment. As shown in fig. 5, on the basis of fig. 1, the signal conversion circuit 530 includes the following parts.
And a current-voltage conversion circuit 531, an input terminal of which is connected to the current output terminal of the isolation circuit 520, for converting the discharge current into a discharge voltage.
In specific implementation, a voltage divider method may be adopted to introduce the discharge current into the resistor and sample a voltage signal on the resistor, or a hall sensor method, an integrating circuit method, a method of direct overlap of operational amplifiers, and the like may be adopted.
The voltage divider 532 is connected to the output terminal of the current-voltage converter 531, and divides the discharge voltage.
The input end of the level shifter 533 is connected to the output end of the voltage divider 532, and the output end is connected to the control circuit 540, and is configured to convert the divided discharge voltage into a high-low level signal to obtain a first voltage signal.
In order to convert the discharge voltage into a signal that is easily recognized by the control circuit, the level conversion circuit converts the discharge voltage into a high-low level signal.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a detection circuit for an electric field disturbance according to one embodiment. As shown in fig. 6, the signal conversion circuit further includes the following parts on the basis of fig. 5.
The voltage stabilizing circuit 634 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage divider circuit 632, and is used for stabilizing the output voltage of the voltage divider circuit 632 within a predetermined range.
The voltage stabilizing circuit plays a protection role and mainly prevents the isolating circuit from picking up an overhigh discharge current so as to damage the level conversion circuit.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a detection circuit for an electric field disturbance according to one embodiment. As shown in fig. 7, the current-voltage conversion circuit 731 includes the following parts on the basis of fig. 5.
The first resistor R1 has a first terminal connected to the current output terminal of the isolation circuit 720 and a second terminal connected to ground.
The embodiment of the application adopts the resistor to convert the discharge current picked up by the isolation circuit into the voltage.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a detection circuit for an electric field disturbance according to one embodiment. As shown in fig. 8, the voltage dividing circuit 832 includes the following portions.
A first end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the output end of the current-voltage conversion circuit 831;
the first end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the second end of the second resistor R2, and the second end is grounded.
The application implements voltage division on the output voltage of the current-voltage conversion circuit by adopting a resistance voltage division mode.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a detection circuit for an electric field disturbance according to one embodiment. As shown in fig. 9, the level conversion circuit includes the following portions.
A fourth resistor R4, which is a load resistor, and has a first end connected to the power supply VCC;
a control terminal of the first switch tube Q1 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage divider 932, a first terminal thereof is connected to the second terminal of the fourth resistor R4 and the control circuit 940, and a second terminal thereof is grounded.
When the divided discharge voltage is at a high level and the first switch tube Q1 is in an open state, the current flows through the fourth resistor R4, and the output of the first end of the first switch tube Q1 is at a low level; on the contrary, when the divided discharge voltage is low, the first switch Q1 is in a closed state, no current flows through the fourth resistor R4, and the output of the first end of the first switch Q1 is at a high level. Due to the delay effect of the switching tube or the variation in the magnitude of the discharge current, the first voltage signal may not be a rectangular wave, in which a sawtooth wave or an incomplete waveform exists.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a detection circuit for an electric field disturbance according to one embodiment. As shown in fig. 10, the isolation circuit includes the following portions.
The primary winding N1 has a first terminal connected to the discharge detection antenna 1010 and a second terminal connected to the low potential point P1.
The low potential point is an energy release point, is a low potential point relative to the high-voltage electric field and can bear the impact of the high-voltage electric field. The discharge detection antenna, the primary coil and the low potential point form a current loop, and the current loop is also a discharge loop when the high voltage electric field interferes with the power equipment, so that the damage of the partial discharge of the power equipment to the parts in the power equipment is avoided.
In a specific implementation, the energy release point may be connected to a power grid, such as: phase line A, phase line B, phase line C and neutral line N in a three-phase power grid, and live line L and zero line N in a single-phase power grid. The energy release point can also be connected with a protective earth wire, a safety wire, an earth wire and the like.
The secondary winding N2 has a first terminal connected to the input terminal of the signal conversion circuit 1030 and a second terminal connected to ground. In a specific implementation, the turns ratio of the primary coil and the secondary coil can be determined according to practical application.
FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram illustrating a detection circuit for an electric field disturbance in accordance with one embodiment. As shown in fig. 11, the detection circuit of electric field interference includes a discharge detection antenna ANT1, a radiation detection antenna ANT2, an isolation transformer T1, a signal conversion circuit S1, a signal shaping circuit S2, and a microprocessor MCU.
One end of a primary coil N1 of the T1 is connected with the ANT1, the other end of the primary coil is connected to the energy release point P1, the ANT1, the N1 and the P1 form a current loop, the current loop is also a discharge loop when a high-voltage electric field interferes with the power equipment, and the damage to parts inside the power equipment caused by the partial discharge of the power equipment is avoided.
The first resistor R1 in S1 is connected in parallel with the secondary coil N2 of T1, converts the picked current signal into a voltage signal, and controls the first switch Q1 to be turned on or turned off after voltage division by the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 in S1, so as to output a first voltage signal in a high-low level form at the first end of the first switch Q1.
In the S1, the anode of the zener diode TV1 is grounded, and the cathode is connected to the control terminal of the first switch transistor Q1, so as to prevent the isolation transformer T1 from picking up an excessively high discharge current, thereby causing damage to the first switch transistor Q1.
The radiation detecting antenna ANT2 is connected to the control terminal of the first switching tube Q1, so that the radiation coupling voltage is converted into a second voltage signal in the form of a high-low level signal.
The signal shaping circuit S2 is composed of a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6 and a second switch tube Q2, and can optimize the output waveform of the signal conversion circuit S1, so that the final inspection output signal can be more easily recognized by the MCU unit.
According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a smart meter is provided, which includes the above-mentioned electric field interference detection circuit.
The electric field disturbance detection circuit of the present application can also be applied to other devices that require high-voltage electric field disturbance detection.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.