CN215762000U - Planetary reduction direct current starter for automobile engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a planetary reduction direct current starter for an automobile engine, which comprises a shell, an electromagnetic switch, a shifting fork mechanism, a stator mechanism, a brush carrier assembly, an armature, a planetary reduction mechanism and a one-way transmission mechanism, wherein the shell is provided with a gear box; the electromagnetic switch is connected with the shifting fork mechanism and controls the shifting fork mechanism to rotate, and the shifting fork mechanism is connected with the one-way transmission mechanism and drives the one-way transmission mechanism to extend out or retract; the stator mechanism is respectively electrically connected with the electromagnetic switch and the armature, one end of the armature is positioned in the brush holder assembly, the other end of the armature is positioned in the planetary reduction mechanism and drives the planetary reduction mechanism to rotate, and the planetary reduction mechanism is connected with the one-way transmission mechanism. When an automobile engine is started, the electromagnetic switch works to drive the shifting fork mechanism to rotate, and the shifting fork mechanism rotates to drive the one-way transmission mechanism to extend out, so that the one-way transmission mechanism is meshed with a flywheel of the engine; meanwhile, the armature rotates to drive the planetary reduction mechanism to rotate, and further drive the one-way transmission mechanism to rotate, so that the flywheel of the engine is driven to rotate.

Description

Planetary reduction direct current starter for automobile engine

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of automobile starters, in particular to a planetary reduction direct-current starter for an automobile engine.

Background

The starter is also called a motor, and converts electric energy into mechanical energy to drive the flywheel of the engine to rotate so as to start the engine. The starter is divided into a direct current starter, a gasoline starter, a compressed air starter and the like according to the working principle. The direct current starters are mostly adopted in internal combustion engines, and are characterized by compact structure, simple operation and convenient maintenance. The dc starter, which is used exclusively to start the engine, requires a strong torque, and therefore, the amount of current to be passed is large, reaching several hundred amperes.

At present, the starting of an automobile engine is realized through external force, and a common starting mode is starting through a direct-current starter.

In the prior art, a chinese patent with application number CN202021982371.1 discloses a novel planetary deceleration dc starter, relating to the technical field of automobile starters. The utility model comprises a front cover, a shell, a transmission shaft assembly, an electromagnetic switch, a stator, an armature, a brush holder assembly and a rear cover, and is different from the working mode of the traditional automobile starter; when the engine is stopped, the flywheel and the driving gear are automatically meshed together, and preparation is made for the next starting. Compared with a common automobile starter, the starter has the advantages that the starting frequency and the frequency are multiplied, the service life of the motor is more than 30 ten thousand times, and the performance requirements of a new energy oil-electric hybrid automobile on the high starting frequency and the high starting frequency of the starter are met.

In the patent, before the starter works, the driving gear is meshed with the engine flywheel, when the starter works, the driving gear does not move axially, the engine flywheel is directly driven to rotate, so that the engine is started, and then the engine flywheel is separated from the starter driving gear; when the engine is stopped, the flywheel and the driving gear are automatically meshed together, so that the next starting is well done. In this way, the flywheel is engaged with or disengaged from the drive gear by the movement of the flywheel, and the structure of the engine flywheel is complicated and the engine cost is increased compared with the case where the flywheel is engaged with or disengaged from the drive gear by the movement of the drive gear.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a planetary reduction direct current starter for an automobile engine, when the automobile engine is started, an electromagnetic switch works to drive a shifting fork mechanism to rotate, and the shifting fork mechanism rotates to drive a one-way transmission mechanism to extend out, so that the one-way transmission mechanism is meshed with a flywheel of the engine; meanwhile, the armature rotates to drive the planetary reduction mechanism to rotate, and further drive the one-way transmission mechanism to rotate, so that a flywheel of the engine is driven to rotate, and the automobile engine is started; in addition, in the stator winding, the stator coil is connected with the equalizing line, so that the voltages applied to the stator coils are consistent, and the circulating current is eliminated.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that:

a planetary deceleration direct current starter for an automobile engine comprises a shell, an electromagnetic switch, a shifting fork mechanism, a stator mechanism, a brush carrier assembly, an armature, a planetary deceleration mechanism and a one-way transmission mechanism;

the electromagnetic switch, the shifting fork mechanism, the stator mechanism, the brush holder assembly, the armature, the planetary speed reducing mechanism and the one-way transmission mechanism are all positioned in the shell; the electromagnetic switch is connected with the shifting fork mechanism and controls the shifting fork mechanism to rotate, and the shifting fork mechanism is connected with the one-way transmission mechanism and drives the one-way transmission mechanism to extend or retract so as to enable the one-way transmission mechanism to be meshed with or separated from a flywheel of an engine; the stator mechanism is respectively electrically connected with the electromagnetic switch and the armature, one end of the armature is positioned in the brush carrier assembly, the other end of the armature is positioned in the planetary reduction mechanism and drives the planetary reduction mechanism to rotate, and the planetary reduction mechanism is connected with the one-way transmission mechanism.

Further, the shell comprises a front cover at the front end, a middle stator shell and a rear cover at the rear end; the shifting fork mechanism, the planetary speed reducing mechanism and the one-way transmission mechanism are all located in the front cover, the stator mechanism and the armature are all located in the stator casing, and the rear cover covers the brush holder assembly.

Further, the shifting fork mechanism comprises a shifting fork, a shifting fork seat, a shifting fork pin shaft, a shifting fork spring, a spring seat and a rubber plug;

the middle part of the shifting fork is rotatably arranged on the shifting fork seat through a shifting fork pin shaft, the top end of the shifting fork is hinged with the output end of the electromagnetic switch, and the bottom end of the shifting fork is hinged with the one-way transmission mechanism; the shifting fork spring is installed between the middle part of the shifting fork and the spring seat, and the rubber plug is located at the rear end of the spring seat.

Further, the stator mechanism comprises a stator and a stator winding on the stator; the stator winding comprises a stator coil group, a lead wire composition, a lug plate, a wire protecting liner, an equalizing wire and a positive carbon brush;

the stator coil group comprises two first stator coils and two second stator coils, the first stator coils and the second stator coils are arranged at intervals in a ring shape, and the four stator coils are arranged in parallel; one ends of the four stator coils are connected with the lead wire assembly, the lead wire assembly is connected with the lug plate, the wire protecting lining is installed on the lead wire assembly, the other ends of the four stator coils are connected with the voltage equalizing wire, and the positive carbon brush is installed on the voltage equalizing wire.

Furthermore, the first stator coil and the second stator coil respectively comprise heat-shrinkable belts at two ends and a plurality of turns of flat copper wires between the heat-shrinkable belts, interlayer insulating paper is arranged between the turns of the plurality of turns of flat copper wires, and the outer surfaces of the coils of the first stator coil and the second stator coil are wrapped with insulating varnishes;

the lead assembly comprises an outgoing line and a soft lead, the outgoing line is connected with the soft lead, and the outgoing line is of a major arc structure; the voltage equalizing wire is of a major arc structure, and an insulating conduit is sleeved outside the voltage equalizing wire;

the positive carbon brush comprises a carbon brush block, a sleeve and a brush clack, one end of the sleeve is connected with the carbon brush block, the other end of the sleeve is connected with the brush clack, and the positive carbon brush comprises a left positive carbon brush and a right positive carbon brush.

Further, the brush yoke assembly comprises a brush yoke, a negative carbon brush and a volute spring, wherein the negative carbon brush and the volute spring are both mounted on the brush yoke.

Further, the planetary reduction mechanism comprises a planetary wheel shaft, a plurality of planetary gears and a reduction gear ring;

a planet wheel mounting disc is arranged at the rear end of the planet wheel shaft, and a plurality of planet wheel mounting columns are arranged on the planet wheel mounting disc; and the plurality of planetary gears are arranged on the plurality of planetary gear mounting posts, are positioned in the speed reduction gear ring and are meshed with the internal teeth of the speed reduction gear ring and the armature gear connected with the armature.

Further, the one-way transmission mechanism comprises a one-way device and a driving gear; the isolator is of a shaft-shaped structure, a planetary wheel shaft cavity is formed in the rear end of the isolator, and the driving gear is installed at the front end of the isolator.

Furthermore, an oil protection pad and an oil protection cover are arranged at one end, close to the armature, of the speed reduction gear ring, and a clamping ring used for positioning the planet wheel shaft and limiting the position of the one-way clutch on the planet wheel shaft is arranged on the planet wheel shaft.

Further, the isolator is rotatably installed in the shell through a bearing, and a framework oil seal is arranged at the front end of the bearing; a buffer spring is installed between the isolator and the driving gear, a blocking sleeve used for fixing the driving gear is arranged at the front end of the isolator, and a steel wire clamping ring clamped on the side wall of the isolator is arranged in the blocking sleeve.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that:

1. when an automobile engine is started, the electromagnetic switch works to drive the shifting fork mechanism to rotate, and the shifting fork mechanism rotates to drive the one-way transmission mechanism to extend out, so that the one-way transmission mechanism is meshed with a flywheel of the engine; meanwhile, the armature rotates to drive the planetary reduction mechanism to rotate, and further drive the one-way transmission mechanism to rotate, so that a flywheel of the engine is driven to rotate, and the automobile engine is started.

2. In the utility model, the stator coils are connected with the voltage equalizing wires, so that the voltages applied to the stator coils are consistent, the circular current is eliminated, and the voltage equalizing wires facilitate the welding operation of the positive carbon brush.

3. The stator coil group comprises two first stator coils and two second stator coils, the first stator coils and the second stator coils are arranged at intervals in a ring shape, and the four stator coils are arranged in parallel to form a four-pole magnetic field to generate magnetic flux.

4. The starter provided by the utility model is suitable for various Mitsubishi automobiles and equipment, such as large trucks, excavators, bulldozers, tractors and the like, and has the characteristics of high power, high torque and long service life.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an axial view of the stator winding of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the stator winding of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an expanded view of the stator winding of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an electrical schematic of the stator winding of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a first stator coil in the stator winding of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a side view of a first stator coil in the stator winding of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the lead wire composition in the stator winding of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a positive carbon brush in a stator winding according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a brush holder assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a planet axle of the present invention;

reference numerals:

1. a housing; 11. a front cover; 12. a stator housing; 13. a rear cover; 2. an electromagnetic switch; 3. a shifting fork mechanism; 31. a shifting fork; 32. a fork seat; 33. a shifting fork pin shaft; 34. a fork spring; 35. a spring seat; 36. a rubber plug; 4. a stator mechanism; 40. a stator winding; 41. a stator coil group; 411. a first stator coil; 412. a second stator coil; 413. a heat-shrinkable tape; 414. flat copper wire; 415. interlayer insulating paper; 416. insulating varnished cloth; 42. lead wire composition; 421. an outgoing line; 422. a soft lead; 43. a lug plate; 44. protecting the wire lining; 45. equalizing the line; 46. a positive electrode carbon brush; 461. a carbon brush block; 462. a sleeve; 463. brushing petals; 47. an insulated conduit; 48. a stator; 5. a brush holder assembly; 51. a brush holder; 52. a negative carbon brush; 53. a volute spring; 6. an armature; 7. a planetary reduction mechanism; 71. a planetary wheel shaft; 711. a planet wheel mounting disc; 712. a planet wheel mounting post; 72. a planetary gear; 73. a reduction gear ring; 74. an oil protection pad; 75. an oil protection cover; 76. a collar; 8. a one-way transmission mechanism; 81. a one-way clutch; 811. a planet wheel shaft cavity; 82. a drive gear; 83. a bearing; 84. framework oil seal; 85. a buffer spring; 86. a blocking sleeve; 87. a steel wire clamping ring.

Detailed Description

The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.

Example 1

A planetary reduction direct current starter for an automobile engine is shown in figure 1 and comprises a shell 1, an electromagnetic switch 2, a shifting fork mechanism 3, a stator mechanism 4, a brush carrier assembly 5, an armature 6, a planetary reduction mechanism 7 and a one-way transmission mechanism 8.

The electromagnetic switch 2, the shifting fork mechanism 3, the stator mechanism 4, the brush holder assembly 5, the armature 6, the planetary reduction mechanism 7 and the one-way transmission mechanism 8 are all positioned in the shell 1; the electromagnetic switch 2 is connected with the shifting fork mechanism 3 and controls the shifting fork mechanism 3 to rotate, the shifting fork mechanism 3 is connected with the one-way transmission mechanism 8 and drives the one-way transmission mechanism 8 to extend or retract, so that the one-way transmission mechanism 8 is meshed with or separated from a flywheel of the engine; the stator mechanism 4 is respectively electrically connected with the electromagnetic switch 2 and the armature 6, one end of the armature 6 is positioned in the brush holder assembly 5, the other end is positioned in the planetary reduction mechanism 7 and drives the planetary reduction mechanism 7 to rotate, and the planetary reduction mechanism 7 is connected with the one-way transmission mechanism 8.

In the embodiment, the shell 1 is an external shell of the starter; the electromagnetic switch 2 is used for controlling the operation of the starter; the shifting fork mechanism 3 is used for controlling the one-way transmission mechanism 8 to extend or retract so as to enable the one-way transmission mechanism 8 to be meshed with or separated from a flywheel of the engine; the stator mechanism 4 is used for generating a rotating magnetic field; the brush holder assembly 5 is used for conducting current; the armature 6 is used for rotating in a rotating magnetic field generated by the stator mechanism 4; the planetary reduction mechanism 7 is used for reducing the speed of the high-speed rotation of the armature 6; the one-way transmission mechanism 8 is used for transmitting rotation, and further drives a flywheel of the engine to rotate so as to realize starting of the automobile engine.

Example 2

The present embodiment is further improved on the basis of embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1, the housing 1 includes a front cover 11 at the front end, a middle stator casing 12, and a rear cover 13 at the rear end; the shifting fork mechanism 3, the planetary reduction mechanism 7 and the one-way transmission mechanism 8 are all positioned in the front cover 11, the stator mechanism 4 and the armature 6 are all positioned in the stator casing 12, and the rear cover 13 covers the brush holder assembly 5.

Example 3

The embodiment is further improved on the basis of embodiment 2, and as shown in fig. 1, the shifting fork mechanism 3 includes a shifting fork 31, a shifting fork seat 32, a shifting fork pin 33, a shifting fork spring 34, a spring seat 35 and a rubber plug 36; the middle part of the shifting fork 31 is rotatably arranged on a shifting fork seat 32 through a shifting fork pin shaft 33, the top end of the shifting fork 31 is hinged with an armature of the electromagnetic switch 2, and the bottom end of the shifting fork 31 is hinged with the one-way transmission mechanism 8; a fork spring 34 is arranged between the middle part of the fork 31 and a spring seat 35, and a rubber plug 36 is arranged at the rear end of the spring seat 35.

In this embodiment, the electromagnetic switch 2 at the top end of the shifting fork 31 acts to drive the shifting fork 31 to rotate by taking the shifting fork pin 33 as a fulcrum, so that the shifting fork 31 drives the unidirectional transmission mechanism 8 at the bottom end to move, and the unidirectional transmission mechanism 8 is conveniently engaged with or disengaged from the flywheel of the engine.

Example 4

This embodiment is further improved on the basis of embodiment 3, and as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the stator mechanism 4 includes a stator 48 and a stator winding 40 on the stator 48; the stator winding 40 includes a stator coil group 41, a lead wire group 42, a tab 43, a wire protector 44, a voltage equalizing wire 45, and a positive carbon brush 46.

The stator coil group 41 comprises two first stator coils 411 and two second stator coils 412, the first stator coils 411 and the second stator coils 412 are arranged at intervals in a ring shape, and the four stator coils are arranged in parallel; one end of each of the four stator coils is connected with a lead wire assembly 42, the lead wire assembly 42 is connected with a lug plate 43, a wire protecting bush 44 is arranged on the lead wire assembly 42, the other end of each of the four stator coils is connected with an equalizing wire 45, and a positive carbon brush 46 is arranged on the equalizing wire 45.

In this embodiment, the stator coils are connected to the equalizer 45, whereby voltages applied to the respective stator coils are equalized to eliminate the circulating current. The four stator coils are arranged in parallel to form a four-pole magnetic field to generate magnetic flux.

As an optimized solution of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, each of the first stator coil 411 and the second stator coil 412 includes a heat-shrinkable tape 413 at both ends and a plurality of turns of flat copper wire 414 between the heat-shrinkable tapes 413, an interlayer insulating paper 415 is disposed between each turn of the plurality of turns of flat copper wire 414, and the outer surfaces of the first stator coil 411 and the second stator coil 412 are wrapped with an insulating varnish 416.

The first stator coil 411 and the second stator coil 412 are both formed by winding high-temperature 180-degree bare flat copper wires 414 through a winding die, the difference between the first stator coil and the second stator coil is only that different outgoing wire positions and different winding directions are designed according to different positions and magnetic field generating directions in a winding assembly, the number of winding turns of the coils is designed according to needs, interlayer insulating paper 415 is arranged between the turns, and the coils are wound together with copper wires to play an interlayer insulating role.

The outer surface of the coil is wrapped with insulating varnish 416 so as to insulate the coil, the magnetic pole and the casing from each other. The coils are connected by welding with lead wire 42 to form four parallel windings, the connection is performed according to fig. 4, and the direction of the generated magnetic field is in accordance with the electrical schematic diagram 5.

As an optimized solution of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the lead assembly 42 includes a lead 421 and a soft lead 422, the lead 421 is connected to the soft lead 422, and the lead 421 has a major arc structure. The lead wire assembly 42 is used to introduce dc current to the stator windings and also to connect and secure the coils.

The equalizing line 45 is of a major arc structure, and an insulating conduit 47 is sleeved outside the equalizing line 45. The length of each coil is different in the manufacturing process, which may affect the resistance balance, and the voltage equalizing line 45 is provided in this embodiment to play a role of equalizing the voltage, so as to avoid affecting the equalizing degree of the magnetic fluxes of the magnetic poles. In addition, the equalizing line 45 facilitates the welding operation of the anode carbon brush, although the carbon brush can be directly welded on the wire outlet ends of the two coils, the welding is inconvenient, and the equalizing line 45 with the major arc structure facilitates the welding operation of the anode carbon brush in the embodiment; finally, the voltage equalizing wire 45 also has the function of making the winding integrally stable and not easy to deform.

As an optimized solution of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the positive carbon brush 46 includes a carbon brush block 461, a sleeve 462 and a brush segment 463, one end of the sleeve 462 is connected to the carbon brush block 461, the other end is connected to the brush segment 463, and the positive carbon brush 46 includes left and right positive carbon brushes 46. The positive carbon brush 46 functions to transfer the current of the stator coil group 41 to the armature coil of the armature commutator.

Example 5

In this embodiment, a further improvement is made on the basis of embodiment 4, as shown in fig. 1 and 10, the brush holder assembly 5 includes a brush holder 51, a negative carbon brush 52 and a spiral spring 53, and both the negative carbon brush 52 and the spiral spring 53 are mounted on the brush holder 51.

Example 6

The present embodiment is further improved on the basis of embodiment 5, and as shown in fig. 1 and 11, the planetary reduction mechanism 7 includes a planetary gear shaft 71, a plurality of planetary gears 72, and a reduction ring gear 73; a planet wheel mounting plate 711 is arranged at the rear end of the planet wheel shaft 71, and a plurality of planet wheel mounting columns 712 are arranged on the planet wheel mounting plate 711; a plurality of planet gears 72 are mounted on a plurality of planet mounting posts 712 and are located within the reduction gear ring 73 and mesh with the internal teeth of the reduction gear ring 73 and an armature gear connected to the armature 6.

When the electric motor is used, the armature gear connected with the armature 6 rotates to drive the plurality of planetary gears 72 to rotate in the speed reduction gear ring 73, and the plurality of planetary gears 72 rotate to drive the planetary gear shaft 71 to rotate, so that the high-speed rotation output by the armature is reduced in speed, and high torque is output.

An oil protection pad 74 and an oil protection cover 75 are arranged at one end of the reduction gear ring 73 close to the armature 6, a retainer ring 76 for positioning the planet wheel shaft 71 and limiting the position of the one-way device 81 of the one-way transmission mechanism 8 on the planet wheel shaft 71 is arranged on the planet wheel shaft 71.

Example 7

This embodiment is further improved on the basis of embodiment 6, and as shown in fig. 1, the one-way transmission mechanism 8 includes a one-way clutch 81 and a drive gear 82; the isolator 81 is in a shaft-shaped structure, a planetary wheel shaft cavity 811 is arranged at the rear end of the isolator 81, and the driving gear 82 is arranged at the front end of the isolator 81. The drive gear 82 is moved and rotated by the one-way clutch 81.

The isolator 81 is rotatably arranged in the shell 1 through a bearing 83, and the front end of the bearing 83 is provided with a framework oil seal 84; a buffer spring 85 is arranged between the isolator 81 and the driving gear 82 to buffer the impact force caused by the meshing of the driving gears; a retaining sleeve 86 for fixing the driving gear 82 is arranged at the front end of the one-way device 81, and a steel wire retainer ring 87 clamped on the side wall of the one-way device 81 is arranged in the retaining sleeve 86.

The electromagnetic switch 2 provided by the embodiment is an existing conventional electromagnetic switch, and comprises an S terminal, a B + terminal, a pull-in coil, a pull-down coil (which are connected in parallel), and an armature. The pull-in coil is connected in series with the stator winding and the armature coil.

For a better understanding of the present invention, the following is a complete description of the working principle of the present invention:

when the electromagnetic switch works, the electromagnetic switch 2 is electrified, and when the electromagnetic switch is electrified, the currents in the stator and the armature are very small, so that the armature cannot rotate. When the power is just switched on, the armature of the electromagnetic switch 2 moves to drive the shifting fork 31 to rotate by taking the shifting fork pin shaft 33 as a fulcrum, so that the shifting fork 31 drives the isolator 81 at the bottom end of the shifting fork to move forwards, the isolator 81 moves forwards to drive the driving gear 82 to move forwards, and the driving gear 82 moves forwards to reach an extending position and is meshed with the engine flywheel.

When the driving gear 82 is engaged with the engine flywheel, the pull-in coil in the electromagnetic switch 2 is short-circuited, the resistance in the circuit is greatly reduced, the current is greatly increased, and the armature 6 rotates. When the armature 6 rotates, the plurality of planetary gears 72 are driven to rotate in the reduction gear ring 73, the plurality of planetary gears 72 rotate to further drive the planetary shaft 71 to rotate, and the planetary shaft 71 rotates to drive the one-way clutch 81 and the driving gear 82 to rotate, so that the engine flywheel is driven to rotate, and the engine is ignited and started.

When the pull-in coil of the switch is short-circuited, the current direction in the pull-in coil is reversed and is connected with the current direction in the maintaining coil in series, the current in the switch coil is very small, the armature returns under the action of the reaction force of the return spring of the switch, the isolator 81 and the driving gear 82 return, the driving gear 82 is disengaged and returns to the rest position, and the starting process is finished.

When the device works, the flowing direction of the current in the specific working process is as follows: the electromagnetic switch, the lead wire assembly, the stator coil assembly, the equalizing line, the positive carbon brush, the armature, the negative carbon brush, the brush holder bottom plate and the rear cover are grounded.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the equivalents or substitutions are included in the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a planetary gear reduction direct current starter for automobile engine which characterized in that: comprises a shell (1), an electromagnetic switch (2), a shifting fork mechanism (3), a stator mechanism (4), a brush holder assembly (5), an armature (6), a planetary speed reducing mechanism (7) and a one-way transmission mechanism (8);

the electromagnetic switch (2), the shifting fork mechanism (3), the stator mechanism (4), the brush holder assembly (5), the armature (6), the planetary speed reducing mechanism (7) and the one-way transmission mechanism (8) are all positioned inside the shell (1); the electromagnetic switch (2) is connected with the shifting fork mechanism (3) and controls the shifting fork mechanism (3) to rotate, the shifting fork mechanism (3) is connected with the one-way transmission mechanism (8) and drives the one-way transmission mechanism (8) to extend or retract, so that the one-way transmission mechanism (8) is meshed with or separated from a flywheel of an engine; the stator mechanism (4) is respectively electrically connected with the electromagnetic switch (2) and the armature (6), one end of the armature (6) is positioned in the brush holder assembly (5), the other end of the armature is positioned in the planetary reduction mechanism (7) and drives the planetary reduction mechanism (7) to rotate, and the planetary reduction mechanism (7) is connected with the one-way transmission mechanism (8).

2. The dc starter of claim 1, wherein: the shell (1) comprises a front cover (11) at the front end, a stator casing (12) in the middle and a rear cover (13) at the rear end; the shifting fork mechanism (3), the planetary reduction mechanism (7) and the one-way transmission mechanism (8) are all located in the front cover (11), the stator mechanism (4) and the armature (6) are all located in the stator casing (12), and the rear cover (13) covers the brush holder assembly (5).

3. The dc starter of claim 1, wherein: the shifting fork mechanism (3) comprises a shifting fork (31), a shifting fork seat (32), a shifting fork pin shaft (33), a shifting fork spring (34), a spring seat (35) and a rubber plug (36);

the middle part of the shifting fork (31) is rotatably arranged on the shifting fork seat (32) through a shifting fork pin shaft (33), the top end of the shifting fork (31) is hinged with the output end of the electromagnetic switch (2), and the bottom end of the shifting fork is hinged with the one-way transmission mechanism (8); the fork spring (34) is installed between the middle of the fork (31) and the spring seat (35), and the rubber plug (36) is located at the rear end of the spring seat (35).

4. The dc starter of claim 1, wherein: the stator mechanism (4) comprises a stator (48) and a stator winding (40) on the stator (48); the stator winding (40) comprises a stator coil group (41), a lead wire group (42), a lug plate (43), a wire protecting liner (44), a voltage equalizing wire (45) and a positive carbon brush (46);

the stator coil group (41) comprises two first stator coils (411) and two second stator coils (412), the first stator coils (411) and the second stator coils (412) are arranged at intervals in a ring shape, and the four stator coils are arranged in parallel; one ends of the four stator coils are connected with the lead wire assembly (42), the lead wire assembly (42) is connected with the lug plate (43), the wire protecting lining (44) is installed on the lead wire assembly (42), the other ends of the four stator coils are connected with the equalizing wire (45), and the positive carbon brush (46) is installed on the equalizing wire (45).

5. The dc starter of claim 4, wherein: the first stator coil (411) and the second stator coil (412) respectively comprise heat-shrinkable tapes (413) at two ends and a plurality of turns of flat copper wires (414) between the heat-shrinkable tapes (413), interlayer insulating paper (415) is arranged between the turns of the plurality of turns of the flat copper wires (414), and insulating varnished cloth (416) is bound on the outer surfaces of the first stator coil (411) and the second stator coil (412);

the lead assembly (42) comprises an outgoing line (421) and a soft lead (422), the outgoing line (421) is connected with the soft lead (422), and the outgoing line (421) is of a major arc structure; the equalizing line (45) is of a major arc structure, and an insulating conduit (47) is sleeved outside the equalizing line (45);

the positive carbon brush (46) comprises a carbon brush block (461), a sleeve (462) and a brush clack (463), one end of the sleeve (462) is connected with the carbon brush block (461), the other end of the sleeve is connected with the brush clack (463), and the positive carbon brush (46) comprises a left positive carbon brush and a right positive carbon brush (46).

6. The dc starter of claim 1, wherein: the brush holder assembly (5) comprises a brush holder (51), a negative carbon brush (52) and a volute spring (53), wherein the negative carbon brush (52) and the volute spring (53) are both arranged on the brush holder (51).

7. The dc starter of claim 1, wherein: the planetary reduction mechanism (7) comprises a planetary gear shaft (71), a plurality of planetary gears (72) and a reduction gear ring (73);

a planet wheel mounting disc (711) is arranged at the rear end of the planet wheel shaft (71), and a plurality of planet wheel mounting columns (712) are arranged on the planet wheel mounting disc (711); the planetary gears (72) are rotatably arranged on the planetary gear mounting columns (712), are positioned in the reduction gear ring (73), and are meshed with the internal teeth of the reduction gear ring (73) and the armature gear connected with the armature (6).

8. The dc starter of claim 7, wherein: the one-way transmission mechanism (8) comprises a one-way device (81) and a driving gear (82); the isolator (81) is of a shaft-shaped structure, a planetary wheel shaft cavity (811) is formed in the rear end of the isolator, and the driving gear (82) is installed at the front end of the isolator (81).

9. The dc starter of claim 8, wherein: an oil protection pad (74) and an oil protection cover (75) are arranged at one end, close to the armature (6), of the speed reduction gear ring (73); the planet wheel shaft (71) is provided with a clamping ring (76) for positioning the planet wheel shaft (71) and limiting the position of the one-way clutch (81) on the planet wheel shaft (71).

10. The dc starter of claim 8, wherein: the isolator (81) is rotatably installed in the shell (1) through a bearing (83), and a framework oil seal (84) is arranged at the front end of the bearing (83); a buffer spring (85) is installed between the isolator (81) and the driving gear (82), a blocking sleeve (86) used for fixing the driving gear (82) is arranged at the front end of the isolator (81), and a steel wire clamping ring (87) clamped on the side wall of the isolator (81) is arranged in the blocking sleeve (86).

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