CN215713419U - Hydrogen production equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides hydrogen production equipment, relates to the technical field of hydrogen production, and aims to solve the problem that existing photovoltaic hydrogen production equipment is low in photovoltaic power generation efficiency. The hydrogen production equipment comprises an electrolysis device, wherein the electrolysis device comprises an electrolytic cell, a photovoltaic cell and a temperature difference power generation element, the temperature difference power generation element is provided with a hot end and a cold end, the cold end is attached to the outer wall surface of the electrolytic cell, and the photovoltaic cell is attached to the hot end; the electrolytic cell defines an inlet configured to allow deionized water to enter the electrolytic cell, a first outlet configured to allow hydrogen gas to exit, and a second outlet configured to allow oxygen gas and water to exit. The hydrogen production equipment provided by the utility model can utilize the temperature difference power generation element to carry out secondary power generation, thereby improving the photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

Description

Hydrogen production equipment

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of hydrogen preparation, in particular to hydrogen production equipment.

Background

In modern society, energy shortage is a global problem, and on the premise, the development of renewable energy is the most important and feasible way to solve the energy problem. At present, the photovoltaic technology is one of the main ways of utilizing solar energy, and the principle thereof is to convert partial solar energy into secondary energy of electric energy through a photovoltaic cell so as to utilize the secondary energy, but the electric energy generated by photovoltaic power generation has great variation along with the fluctuation of solar radiation intensity, thus easily generating great impact on a power grid, being incapable of being directly incorporated, and the electric energy is difficult to store and has great long-distance transmission loss, thus being greatly restricted in development.

The photovoltaic technology is also utilized in the photovoltaic hydrogen production technology. The existing solar photovoltaic power generation water electrolysis hydrogen production technology is a mainstream development technology of photovoltaic hydrogen production, and simply comprises two steps: (1) the photovoltaic technology is utilized to convert solar energy into electric energy; (2) electrolyzing water and utilizing electric energy to produce hydrogen. The technology can complement the unstable short plate of photovoltaic power generation, convert the electric energy which is difficult to store and transport into the hydrogen which is easy to store and transport, and can realize the preparation of low-cost green hydrogen, and the boosting is developed towards the future clean energy.

However, the existing photovoltaic hydrogen production equipment mostly has the problem of low photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide hydrogen production equipment to solve the technical problem that the existing photovoltaic hydrogen production equipment is low in photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

The hydrogen production equipment provided by the utility model comprises an electrolysis device, wherein the electrolysis device comprises an electrolytic cell, a photovoltaic cell and a thermoelectric generation element, the thermoelectric generation element is provided with a hot end and a cold end, the cold end is attached to the outer wall surface of the electrolytic cell, and the photovoltaic cell is attached to the hot end; the electrolytic cell defines an inlet configured to allow deionized water to enter the electrolytic cell, a first outlet configured to allow hydrogen gas to exit, and a second outlet configured to allow oxygen gas and water to exit.

Further, the second outlet is provided with a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of the fluid at the second outlet.

Further, the hydrogen production equipment further comprises a water tank, wherein the water tank is configured to store deionized water, the water tank is connected with the inlet through a water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe is provided with a water inlet pump, and the water inlet pump is configured to drive the deionized water of the water tank from the inlet to the electrolytic cell.

Further, the water inlet pump is electrically connected with a controller of the hydrogen production equipment through a driver, and the temperature sensor is electrically connected with the controller.

Further, the hydrogen production equipment further comprises a condensing lens, the condensing lens is arranged at a distance from the electrolysis device, and the condensing lens is configured to focus sunlight on the photovoltaic cell.

Further, the electrolysis device still includes insulation construction, insulation construction has the heat preservation chamber, the electrolytic bath set up in the heat preservation chamber, insulation construction set up with the light inlet of heat preservation chamber intercommunication, the light inlet with photovoltaic cell is relative.

Further, insulation construction includes insulation shell and laminating set up in the first heat preservation of insulation shell's internal face, first heat preservation encloses to establish and forms and holds the chamber, wherein, it forms to hold partly in chamber the heat preservation chamber, it has the second heat preservation to hold another part packing in chamber.

Further, the heat-insulating shell is made of stainless steel, and/or the first heat-insulating layer is made of aluminum silicate, and/or the second heat-insulating layer is made of asbestos.

Further, the hydrogen production equipment further comprises a hydrogen collecting device and an oxygen collecting device, wherein the hydrogen collecting device is connected to the first outlet, and the oxygen collecting device is connected to the second outlet.

Further, a gas-liquid separation device is arranged between the second outlet and the oxygen collection device, wherein a gas outlet of the gas-liquid separation device is connected with the oxygen collection device, and a liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separation device forms a water supply end of domestic water.

The hydrogen production equipment has the beneficial effects that:

an electrolysis device mainly comprising an electrolytic cell, a photovoltaic cell and a temperature difference power generation element is arranged in hydrogen production equipment, wherein the cold end of the temperature difference power generation element is attached to the outer wall surface of the electrolytic cell, and the photovoltaic cell is attached to the hot end of the temperature difference power generation element; the electrolytic cell is provided with an inlet for allowing deionized water to enter, a first outlet for discharging hydrogen and a second outlet for discharging oxygen and water.

When the hydrogen production equipment is required to be used for preparing hydrogen, the anodes of the photovoltaic cell and the thermoelectric generation element are connected to the anode of the electrolytic cell, and the cathodes of the photovoltaic cell and the thermoelectric generation element are connected to the cathode of the electrolytic cell. When sunlight irradiates the photovoltaic cell, on one hand, high temperature is generated on the photovoltaic cell, and on the other hand, the photovoltaic cell converts light energy into electric energy for power generation, so that high-temperature photovoltaic waste heat can be generated, and the photovoltaic waste heat can be favorably utilized on the next step. Set up in the hot junction of thermoelectric generation component through laminating photovoltaic cell, and set up the laminating of the outer wall of cold junction and electrolytic bath of thermoelectric generation component, along with the rising of the temperature of the hot junction of thermoelectric generation component, will make the difference in temperature between its hot junction and the cold junction increase to utilize the high temperature photovoltaic waste heat to carry out secondary power generation at the difference in temperature that produces between photovoltaic cell and electrolytic bath, the electric energy that this secondary power generation produced is carried to the electrolytic bath through the circuit together with the electric energy that photovoltaic cell produced and is used for the electrolysis. In the process, the photovoltaic waste heat is also led into the electrolytic cell to heat the electrolytic cell so as to improve the electrolytic efficiency.

The hydrogen production equipment utilizes the photovoltaic cell to carry out primary power generation and utilizes the thermoelectric power generation element to carry out secondary power generation, thereby effectively improving the photovoltaic power generation efficiency. Through with photovoltaic cell, thermoelectric generation component and electrolytic bath set up to direct contact coupling, on the one hand, heat-conducting timeliness has been guaranteed for the high temperature heat that photovoltaic cell produced can transmit to thermoelectric generation component's hot junction the very first time, calorific loss has been reduced, thereby can keep higher temperature gradient, in order to be used for improving thermoelectric generation's power, on the other hand, can also avoid the increase of the material cost because of using the heat exchanger to lead to, thereby hydrogen manufacturing cost has been reduced. In addition, the hydrogen production equipment can also use the photovoltaic waste heat for heating water in the electrolytic cell, so that the electrolytic efficiency can be improved, and the water discharged from the second outlet is hot water which can be used as domestic water for supplying residents, so that the waste heat is utilized for the last time, the heat is fully used, the electrolytic reaction raw material water is fully recycled, and the energy waste is reduced.

This hydrogen manufacturing equipment carries out integration coupling with photovoltaic power generation and brineelectrolysis hydrogen manufacturing two parts through thermoelectric generation component, compares with current photovoltaic power generation brineelectrolysis hydrogen manufacturing technique, utilizes thermoelectric generation component to carry out secondary power generation to high temperature photovoltaic waste heat, when having improved the photovoltaic power generation total amount, still uses electrolytic cell and electrolytic reaction raw materials water fully recovered and utilized the photovoltaic waste heat, has carried out the cascade utilization to energy, has promoted holistic energy utilization efficiency.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen plant provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a partial structural sectional view of an electrolysis device of a hydrogen production apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the control principle of a hydrogen plant according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

100-an electrolysis device; 200-a temperature sensor; 300-a water tank; 400-a water inlet pump; 600-a condenser lens; 700-heat preservation structure;

110-an electrolytic cell; 120-a photovoltaic cell; 130-thermoelectric generation elements; 140-an inlet; 150-a first outlet; 160-a second outlet;

510-a controller; 520-a driver; 530-a display;

710-a heat preservation shell; 720-first thermal insulation layer; 730-a second insulating layer;

810-a hydrogen collection device; 820-an oxygen collection device; 830-gas-liquid separation device.

Detailed Description

Among the various renewable energy sources, the solar energy is most outstanding, and the solar radiation energy reaching the earth surface every year is about 130 trillion tons of coal, has huge total amount, is safe and pollution-free, and belongs to the largest energy bank which can be developed in the world nowadays. Moreover, solar energy is distributed all over the world, and local materials are favorably utilized.

The photovoltaic technology is one of the main ways of utilizing solar energy, but the electric energy generated by photovoltaic power generation can be greatly changed along with the fluctuation of the solar radiation intensity, so that the electric energy is easy to have large impact on a power grid and cannot be directly merged. Moreover, the generated electric energy is difficult to store, the long-distance transmission loss is large, and reasonable adaptation and efficient utilization from a production end to a consumption end are difficult to realize. Meanwhile, due to the limitation of semiconductor materials, the conventional photovoltaic cell can only utilize the sunlight of medium and short wave bands. Taking a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell as an example, the theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency of a laboratory is about 27%, the power generation efficiency in practical application is generally less than 20%, long-wave-band sunlight is dissipated in a waste heat mode, the power generation efficiency is low, and full-spectrum utilization of solar energy cannot be realized. In addition, with the irradiation of sunlight and the accumulation of waste heat, and the increase of the operating temperature of the photovoltaic power generation element, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is also reduced. Also taking a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell as an example, the photoelectric efficiency of the cell decreases by about 3% when the working temperature of the cell increases by 1 ℃, and in the actual production, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic element is further reduced due to factors such as weather, dust, and the working life of the equipment. These are all disadvantages in the conventional photovoltaic solar industry.

The instability problem of photovoltaic power generation means that photovoltaic power generation utilizes the photovoltaic effect to convert solar energy into electric energy, the whole process is safe and efficient, but because of the instability of energy flux density, the generated current is not constant, has larger volatility, and can cause impact on a power grid when being directly incorporated into the power grid, so that direct grid-connected power supply cannot be realized. In order to seek better solar radiation intensity and reduce the influence on the life of residents and reduce the investment cost in large-scale photovoltaic power generation, production equipment is generally arranged in open and remote areas, in particular to places such as Xinjiang Tibet in northwest of China. However, the region with the highest energy demand in China is the east region, and the overlong erection of power supply lines from the west to the east can increase the initial investment of the whole system and cause a large amount of transmission loss, for example, the utilization rate of a west-east transmission channel of a south power grid in 2020 is about 91%, and a large amount of electric energy is lost in the transportation process. Technical developments have thus required the conversion of electrical energy generated by photovoltaic power plants into a form of energy that is easier to store and transport over long distances, thereby achieving efficient use of the energy.

Hydrogen energy also occupies an important ring in the development and application of renewable energy. At present, hydrogen energy is generally regarded as the most ideal future energy source. The calorific value of hydrogen is 1.4 x 10⁸J/kg, the heat released by combustion is highest at the same mass. The storage temperature of liquid hydrogen is about 20.268K (-252.8 ℃). In the long-distance electric power and hydrogen energy transportation, liquid hydrogen can be used as a refrigerating layer of a pipeline, and a superconducting material is coated in the middle of the pipeline, so that a low-temperature environment is created for the superconducting material, and synchronous long-distance efficient transportation of electric energy and chemical energy is realized.

The environmental protection requirement of green hydrogen production refers to the development of clean and renewable green energy sources, and the production process of hydrogen is various, wherein hydrogen accompanied with a large amount of carbon dioxide emission in the production process is called as 'ash hydrogen'; if the carbon dioxide is captured, sealed, stored and utilized without being discharged, the 'grey hydrogen' is changed into 'blue hydrogen'; the hydrogen prepared by electrolyzing water again by clean electricity generated by renewable energy is called green hydrogen, and no carbon is discharged in the whole process, so that the method is a hydrogen production mode really facing the future. Therefore, the basic direction for the development of future hydrogen production processes is: gray hydrogen is not available, blue hydrogen is available, waste hydrogen is recoverable, and green hydrogen is the direction. Among the various green hydrogen production methods, the water electrolysis hydrogen production method is undoubtedly the most potential way for realizing large-scale utilization of hydrogen energy in the future due to the advantages of no pollution, low raw material cost and the like.

The hydrogen energy is clean, efficient, convenient to transport and the like, and the problem of instability of photovoltaic power generation can be solved. Therefore, converting the electric energy generated by photovoltaic power generation into hydrogen energy and storing the hydrogen energy is an ideal energy conversion mode. The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production mainly utilizes direct current generated by a photovoltaic power generation system to directly supply power for hydrogen production of a hydrogen production station. Compared with the traditional power station, the photovoltaic direct-current power generation system reduces the inversion and boosting processes, and the main equipment and facilities of the photovoltaic direct-current power generation system comprise a photovoltaic assembly, a junction box, a support, a foundation, a grounding device and the like. The photovoltaic module can be configured in series and parallel according to the input voltage and current requirements of the hydrogen generation station, and then the electric energy is uniformly distributed to the electrolytic cell to electrolyze water to prepare hydrogen, so that the complete whole process of energy conversion from solar energy to electric energy and then to hydrogen energy is realized. According to preliminary calculation, in a place with good illumination, the power cost of photovoltaic hydrogen production is about 0.15 yuan/kilowatt hour, which is greatly lower than that of the existing hydrogen production mode, the competitiveness of photovoltaic hydrogen production is gradually enhanced, and the market space is comprehensively shown.

However, photovoltaic power generation has the problems of randomness, volatility, stage power supply and the like, so that a large amount of external power supply is still needed in the hydrogen production process by water electrolysis in the prior art, and the scheduling difficulty of a power grid is increased. And with the continuous expansion of the scale of the photovoltaic installation machine, the reduction of the photovoltaic power generation cost and the increase of the utilization hours, the green hydrogen production efficiency can be greatly improved, and the cost can be reduced. However, hydrogen production by water electrolysis in photovoltaic power generation also faces a problem that hydrogen production needs to be carried out in places with low photovoltaic power generation cost and high utilization efficiency, and only some places have the condition at present, so that the applicable scenes of the hydrogen production technology in photovoltaic power generation are limited, and the hydrogen energy storage and transportation market is faced at the same time. These problems all add to some extent to the economic burden of the technology, and pose certain challenges to the continued development of photovoltaic power generation.

By calculating the hydrogen production efficiency, the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production is about 13% under the condition of the prior art, namely, 100 parts of energy is input by sunlight, and 13 parts of energy hydrogen can be produced by the existing photovoltaic power generation water electrolysis hydrogen production mode. Most of photovoltaic cells applied to the market at present are silicon photovoltaic cell panels, and due to the fact that the above adverse factors that the solar energy utilization rate is low, the photovoltaic cell efficiency is reduced along with the rise of temperature and the like exist in the production process, the hydrogen production efficiency of the water electrolysis hydrogen production technology is still a large promotion space.

In order to perform two steps of photovoltaic hydrogen production, photogeneration and water electrolysis simultaneously, the connection mode between a photovoltaic plate and a water electrolysis bath in the existing photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system can be divided into indirect connection and direct connection. The indirect connection system mainly comprises a photovoltaic assembly, a control assembly, a storage battery and a hydrogen energy storage system, and is a connection mode of a photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production system which is mainstream internationally at present. However, the mode causes the power generation device and the electrolysis device to be separated, so that electric energy has certain energy loss in the transmission process, the utilization efficiency of solar energy is reduced, and the cost of equipment operation and maintenance is increased. The direct connection mode is that direct current output by the photovoltaic array is directly led into the electrolytic cell, and equipment such as maximum power tracking and the like is omitted.

However, existing hydrogen production plants have a number of disadvantages during use, as follows.

(1) The conventional photovoltaic power generation systems such as a solar silicon photovoltaic cell panel are mostly adopted for power generation, the problem of low photovoltaic power generation efficiency exists, the power generation efficiency is difficult to break through 20% in the actual working state, 80% of solar energy is dissipated in the form of photovoltaic waste heat, and the loss is large. And the photovoltaic power generation array of the type generates power by adopting a direct sunlight way, the total amount of the generated photovoltaic waste heat is about 80 percent, but the temperature is lower than 60 ℃ generally, so that the grade of the photovoltaic waste heat is low, the utilization value is not high, and the recovery is difficult.

(2) No matter the photovoltaic element that uses under the prior art is conventional photovoltaic power generation or spotlight photovoltaic power generation, its generating efficiency is all unstable, can reduce along with the temperature rising, and at the in-process that uses, the heat constantly accumulates, and photovoltaic element's performance can decline to some extent, and then leads to the generating efficiency to constantly reduce, finally leads to whole utilization ratio to solar energy to reduce.

(3) At present, a silicon photovoltaic element widely applied can only utilize medium and short wave band sunlight to generate electricity, long wave band sunlight is usually wasted in a photovoltaic waste heat mode, the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy is not high, and full-spectrum utilization of solar energy and photoelectric photo-thermal complementation cannot be realized.

(4) The electric energy generated by photovoltaic power generation is indirectly transmitted to the electrolysis device through the storage battery, the photovoltaic power generation device and the electrolysis device are separated from each other, and the electric energy is partially lost in the transmission process and certain device cost is increased.

(5) Because the existing photovoltaic power generation technology has the problems of unstable and discontinuous power generation and the like, the situation that the electrolytic cell cannot normally electrolyze water due to insufficient supply of electric energy supplied for electrolysis can occur. And the conventional electrolytic cell has poor electrolytic performance, has not fast response to solar energy fluctuation, cannot meet the requirement of large-scale application, needs additional series-parallel connection configured power supplies in other forms for electric energy integration so as to enable the equipment to continuously and stably work, has a complex system as a whole, and has a green hydrogen preparation target without carbon in a whole period.

(6) A large amount of heat energy is wasted due to the lack of a reasonable utilization mechanism for ohmic heat generated in the process of producing hydrogen by using photovoltaic waste heat and electrolytic water of an electrolytic cell.

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen production apparatus according to this embodiment, and fig. 2 is a partial structural sectional view of an electrolysis device 100 of the hydrogen production apparatus according to this embodiment. As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a hydrogen production apparatus, including an electrolysis device 100, specifically, the electrolysis device 100 includes an electrolytic cell 110, a photovoltaic cell 120, and a thermoelectric generation element 130, where the thermoelectric generation element 130 has a hot end and a cold end, where the cold end is attached to an outer wall surface of the electrolytic cell 110, and the photovoltaic cell 120 is attached to the hot end; the electrolytic cell 110 defines an inlet 140, a first outlet 150, and a second outlet 160, the inlet 140 configured to allow deionized water to enter the electrolytic cell 110, the first outlet 150 configured to allow hydrogen gas to exit, and the second outlet 160 configured to allow oxygen gas and water to exit.

When the hydrogen production equipment is required to be used for hydrogen production, the anodes of the photovoltaic cell 120 and the thermoelectric generation element 130 are connected to the anode of the electrolytic cell 110, and the cathodes of the photovoltaic cell 120 and the thermoelectric generation element 130 are connected to the cathode of the electrolytic cell 110. When sunlight irradiates the photovoltaic cell 120, on one hand, high temperature is generated on the photovoltaic cell 120, and on the other hand, the photovoltaic cell 120 converts light energy into electric energy for power generation, so that high-temperature photovoltaic waste heat can be generated, and the photovoltaic waste heat can be favorably utilized in the next step. The photovoltaic cell 120 is attached to the hot end of the thermoelectric generation element 130, the cold end of the thermoelectric generation element 130 is attached to the outer wall surface of the electrolytic cell 110, the temperature difference between the hot end and the cold end of the thermoelectric generation element 130 is increased along with the rise of the temperature of the hot end of the thermoelectric generation element 130, so that the temperature difference generated between the photovoltaic cell 120 and the electrolytic cell 110 by using high-temperature photovoltaic waste heat is utilized for secondary power generation, and electric energy generated by the secondary power generation and electric energy generated by the photovoltaic cell 120 are transmitted to the electrolytic cell 110 through a circuit and are used for electrolysis. In the above process, the photovoltaic waste heat is also introduced into the electrolytic cell 110 to heat the electrolytic cell 110, so as to improve the electrolytic efficiency.

The hydrogen production equipment utilizes the photovoltaic cell 120 to carry out primary power generation and utilizes the thermoelectric generation element 130 to carry out secondary power generation, thereby effectively improving the photovoltaic power generation efficiency. Through with photovoltaic cell 120, thermoelectric generation component 130 and electrolytic bath 110 set up to the direct contact coupling, on the one hand, heat-conduction timeliness has been guaranteed, make the high temperature heat that photovoltaic cell 120 produced can transmit the hot junction to thermoelectric generation component 130 the very first time, calorific loss has been reduced, thereby can keep higher temperature gradient, in order to be used for improving thermoelectric generation's power, on the other hand, can also avoid the increase because of the material cost who uses the heat exchanger to lead to, thereby hydrogen manufacturing cost has been reduced. In addition, this hydrogen manufacturing equipment can also be used for the heating of the water in the electrolytic bath 110 with the photovoltaic waste heat, not only can improve electrolysis efficiency, moreover, still makes by the second export 160 exhaust water for hot water, and this hot water can supply with the resident as domestic water, carries out the last utilization with the waste heat, has both guaranteed thermal make full use of, has still carried out abundant recovery to electrolysis reaction raw materials water, has reduced the energy waste.

This hydrogen manufacturing equipment carries out integration coupling with photovoltaic power generation and brineelectrolysis hydrogen manufacturing two parts through thermoelectric generation component 130, compares with current photovoltaic power generation brineelectrolysis hydrogen manufacturing technique, utilizes thermoelectric generation component 130 to carry out secondary power generation to high temperature photovoltaic waste heat, when having improved the photovoltaic power generation total amount, still uses electrolytic cell 110 and electrolysis reaction raw materials water abundant recycle photovoltaic waste heat, has carried out the cascade utilization to energy, has promoted holistic energy utilization efficiency.

In this embodiment, the photovoltaic cell 120, the thermoelectric generation element 130, and the electrolytic cell 110 may be bonded with each other by using a heat-conducting adhesive, or may be fixed by using a mechanical method, as long as the heat is rapidly conducted by the way that the heat-conducting surfaces are tightly bonded.

In this embodiment, the photovoltaic cell 120 is preferably a light-concentrating triple junction gallium arsenide cell. In other embodiments, the photovoltaic cell 120 may be other multijunction solar high power concentrator cells.

In this embodiment, the electrolytic cell 110 is preferably a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell. The arrangement enables the electrolytic efficiency of the electrolytic cell 110 to be higher and the response speed to be higher, thereby accelerating the preparation of hydrogen. In other embodiments, the electrolytic cell 110 may also be an anion exchange membrane electrolytic cell.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the control principle of the hydrogen production apparatus provided in this embodiment. As shown in fig. 3, the hydrogen plant may further include a temperature sensor 200, and in particular, the temperature sensor 200 is disposed at the second outlet 160, the temperature sensor 200 being configured to detect the temperature of the fluid at the second outlet 160.

During operation of the hydrogen plant, the temperature of the fluid at second outlet 160 may be sensed using temperature sensor 200. When the temperature value detected by the temperature sensor 200 is higher, it indicates that the temperature inside the electrolytic cell 110 is higher, and accordingly, the amount of the deionized water entering the electrolytic cell 110 through the inlet 140 can be increased to cool the inside of the electrolytic cell 110; when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 200 is lower, the temperature inside the electrolytic cell 110 is lower, and accordingly, the amount of deionized water entering the electrolytic cell 110 through the inlet 140 can be reduced to increase the temperature inside the electrolytic cell 110.

The hydrogen production apparatus can control the amount of feed water by providing the temperature sensor 200 at the second outlet 160 and deducing whether the optimum reaction temperature is reached inside the electrolytic cell 110 based on the fluid temperature at the second outlet 160 detected by the temperature sensor 200. If the optimal reaction temperature is exceeded, the water quantity is increased to cool the interior of the electrolytic cell 110, otherwise, the water quantity is decreased to heat the interior of the electrolytic cell 110, so as to achieve the optimal electrolytic effect, and further generate more hydrogen.

With continued reference to fig. 1 and 3, in this embodiment, the hydrogen production apparatus may further include a water tank 300, specifically, the water tank 300 is configured to store deionized water, and the water tank 300 is connected to the inlet 140 through a water inlet pipe, wherein the water inlet pipe is provided with a water inlet pump 400, and the water inlet pump 400 is configured to drive the deionized water of the water tank 300 from the inlet 140 to the electrolytic cell 110.

In the hydrogen production process of the hydrogen production equipment, the water inlet pump 400 is started to pump deionized water in the water tank 300 to the electrolytic cell 110, and hydrogen is produced through electrolysis. The water tank 300 and the water inlet pump 400 are arranged so that new deionized water can be timely supplemented into the water tank 300 after the electrolysis of the current deionized water by the electrolytic cell 110 is completed, thereby realizing the automatic preparation of hydrogen. Moreover, the arrangement of the water inlet pump 400 also provides enough water inlet power, and ensures the reliability of deionized water supplement.

Referring to fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the water inlet pump 400 is electrically connected to a controller 510 of the hydrogen production apparatus through a driver 520, and the temperature sensor 200 is electrically connected to the controller 510.

In the working process of the hydrogen production equipment, the temperature sensor 200 transmits the fluid temperature value at the second outlet 160 to the controller 510 in real time, and the controller 510 judges whether the electrolytic cell 110 is in a proper reaction temperature interval according to the data transmitted by the temperature sensor 200. If the temperature is higher than the expected reaction temperature range, a signal is transmitted to the driver 520, and the water inlet pump 400 is controlled to increase the water inlet amount of the deionized water, so that the heat exchange inside the electrolytic cell 110 is enhanced, more heat is taken out, and the purpose of reducing the internal temperature of the electrolytic cell 110 is achieved; if the temperature is lower than the expected reaction temperature range, a signal is sent to the driver 520 to control the water inlet pump 400 to reduce the water inlet amount of the deionized water, so as to increase the internal temperature of the electrolytic cell 110. By the arrangement, the automatic adjustment of the internal temperature of the electrolytic cell 110 is realized, and the automation degree is higher.

It should be noted that how to perform feedback adjustment on the pumped water amount of the water inlet pump 400 according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 200 is available for those skilled in the art according to the prior art, and this embodiment does not improve this, and therefore, the detailed description thereof is omitted.

Through the feedback adjustment process, the hydrogen production equipment enables the interior of the electrolytic cell 110 to be always maintained in a constant proper temperature range, so that the problem of unstable working state of the electrolytic device 100 caused by solar energy fluctuation is solved. So set up for no matter be on the low side of solar energy, solar energy is on the high side or because under the undulant condition of cloud influence solar energy, electrolytic device 100 can both be in an optimum photovoltaic power generation temperature and electrolysis temperature operation through the regulation accuse temperature of controller 510, in order to improve electrolytic device 100's work efficiency and energy comprehensive efficiency as far as possible, thereby improve hydrogen manufacturing efficiency.

With continued reference to FIG. 3, in this embodiment, the hydrogen plant may further include a display 530, wherein 530 is electrically connected to the controller 510. Through setting up display 530, can show temperature sensor 200's information such as detection temperature, hydrogen output and oxygen output to make the staff can acquire the operating condition of this embodiment hydrogen manufacturing equipment directly perceivedly, improved human-computer interaction.

It should be noted that how to display the information through the display 530 is obtained by those skilled in the art according to the prior art, and this embodiment does not improve this, and therefore, the detailed description is omitted.

With continued reference to fig. 1 and 3, in the present embodiment, the hydrogen production apparatus may further include a condensing lens 600, specifically, the condensing lens 600 is disposed at a distance from the electrolysis device 100, and the condensing lens 600 is configured to focus sunlight on the photovoltaic cell 120.

By arranging the condensing lens 600, light rays emitted by the sun can be focused on the photovoltaic cell 120, so that the sunlight can be concentrated and pertinently acted on the photovoltaic cell 120 as much as possible, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell 120 is ensured, high-temperature photovoltaic waste heat is generated as much as possible, and the availability of the photovoltaic waste heat is improved.

In this embodiment, the condensing lens 600 is a fresnel lens.

Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the electrolysis apparatus 100 may further include a thermal insulation structure 700, specifically, the thermal insulation structure 700 has a thermal insulation cavity, the electrolytic cell 110 is disposed in the thermal insulation cavity, and the thermal insulation structure 700 is provided with a light inlet communicated with the thermal insulation cavity, wherein the light inlet is opposite to the photovoltaic cell 120.

Through set up insulation construction 700 in the outside of electrolytic cell 110, can reduce the thermal diffusion of electrolytic cell 110, reduce the external dissipation of waste heat to furthest gets up waste heat utilization, makes the waste heat can concentrate ground and heat up electrolytic cell 110, in order to improve electrolysis efficiency. In addition, the light inlet can ensure the reliability of the photovoltaic cell 120 for receiving the solar rays.

Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the thermal insulation structure 700 includes a thermal insulation housing 710 and a first thermal insulation layer 720 attached to an inner wall surface of the thermal insulation housing 710, specifically, the first thermal insulation layer 720 surrounds to form a receiving cavity, a portion of the receiving cavity forms a thermal insulation cavity, and another portion of the receiving cavity is filled with a second thermal insulation layer 730.

The arrangement form of the heat insulation structure 700 can play a role in heat insulation and can also increase the structural strength of the electrolysis device 100 by arranging the heat insulation shell 710; through setting up first heat preservation 720 and second heat preservation 730, can realize keeping warm effectually to electrolytic cell 110's double.

In this embodiment, the heat insulating housing 710 is made of stainless steel, the first heat insulating layer 720 is made of aluminum silicate, and the second heat insulating layer 730 is made of asbestos. So set up, can increase the structural strength of lagging casing 710, moreover, can also avoid lagging casing 710 to corrode and rust, prolonged lagging casing 710's life. In addition, the selection of the heat insulating material can further improve the heat insulating effect on the electrolytic cell 110.

In this embodiment, the first thermal insulation layer 720 may be adhered to the inner wall surface of the thermal insulation housing 710.

With continued reference to fig. 1 and 3, in the present embodiment, the hydrogen production apparatus further includes a hydrogen collecting device 810 and an oxygen collecting device 820, specifically, the hydrogen collecting device 810 is connected to the first outlet 150, and the oxygen collecting device 820 is connected to the second outlet 160.

By providing the hydrogen collecting device 810 at the first outlet 150, the hydrogen discharged from the first outlet 150 can be collected in time to ensure the concentrated utilization of the hydrogen; similarly, by providing the oxygen collecting device 820 at the second outlet 160, the oxygen discharged from the second outlet 160 can be collected in time to ensure the concentrated utilization of the oxygen.

In this embodiment, the number of the first outlets 150 is two, and both the first outlets 150 are connected to the hydrogen collecting device 810. In practical use, the number of the first outlets 150 may also be one, and may be selected according to the type of the flow channel of the electrolytic cell 110.

Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3, in this embodiment, a gas-liquid separation device 830 is disposed between the second outlet 160 and the oxygen collection device 820, specifically, a gas outlet of the gas-liquid separation device 830 is connected to the oxygen collection device 820, and a liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separation device 830 forms a water supply end of the domestic water.

By providing the gas-liquid separation device 830 between the second outlet 160 and the oxygen collection device 820, the oxygen-water mixed fluid discharged through the second outlet 160 can be effectively separated, wherein the oxygen is collected by the oxygen collection device 820 in a concentrated manner, the water is hot water having a certain temperature, and the hot water is used as domestic water.

The existing photovoltaic power generation water electrolysis hydrogen production technology adopts a method that two production processes of photovoltaic power generation and water electrolysis hydrogen production are separated, namely the photovoltaic power generation is an independent working block, the water electrolysis hydrogen production is an independent working block, the connection of the two is only that electric energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation is transmitted to an electrolytic cell 110 through a circuit for electrolysis, the whole system can only utilize a small part of solar energy converted into electric energy through the photovoltaic power generation, and the rest part which is not converted into the electric energy cannot be utilized. Meanwhile, the traditional silicon photovoltaic cell panel is mostly adopted in the existing photovoltaic power generation array, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the traditional silicon photovoltaic cell panel is low, and the photovoltaic cell panel is directly irradiated by sunlight during working, so that the temperature of photovoltaic waste heat is low, and the photovoltaic cell panel is not available.

The hydrogen production equipment provided by the utility model adopts the concentrating photovoltaic power generation system, and the solar energy is concentrated on the photovoltaic cell 120 through the Fresnel lens to generate high temperature and generate power at the same time, so that high-temperature photovoltaic waste heat can be generated, and the photovoltaic waste heat can be favorably utilized in the next step. Meanwhile, a temperature difference power generation element 130 is added between the photovoltaic cell 120 and the electrolytic cell 110, secondary power generation is performed by utilizing the temperature difference generated between the photovoltaic cell 120 and the electrolytic cell 110 by using high-temperature photovoltaic waste heat, and the generated electric energy and the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic cell 120 are transmitted to the electrolytic cell 110 through a circuit for electrolysis. In order to maintain a higher temperature gradient to improve the power of thermoelectric generation, the photovoltaic cell 120, the thermoelectric generation element 130 and the electrolytic cell 110 are coupled in a direct contact manner, so that the temperature reduction of photovoltaic waste heat and the increase of material cost caused by the use of a heat exchanger are avoided; secondly, the utility model adopts the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell technology, compared with the traditional electrolytic cell technology, the technology has higher electrolytic efficiency and faster response speed; in addition, the electrolytic cell 110 is wrapped in the heat insulation structure 700, so that the external dissipation of the waste heat is reduced, and the waste heat can be utilized to the maximum extent. Then, the waste heat is introduced into the electrolytic cell 110 to heat the electrolytic cell 110 for improving the electrolytic efficiency; finally, the waste heat is transferred to the residual reaction water through the heat exchange between the electrolytic cell 110 and the water, the temperature of the waste heat is already low, and the hot water flowing out of the electrolytic cell 110 can be used as domestic water to be supplied to residents, so that the waste heat is utilized for the last time.

Namely, the hydrogen production equipment integrally couples the photovoltaic power generation part and the electrolyzed water hydrogen production part through the thermoelectric power generation system, compared with the existing photovoltaic power generation and electrolyzed water hydrogen production technology, the thermoelectric power generation element 130 is utilized to carry out secondary power generation on high-temperature photovoltaic waste heat, the total photovoltaic power generation quantity is improved, meanwhile, the electrolytic cell 110 and the electrolytic reaction raw material water are used for fully recycling the photovoltaic waste heat, the energy is utilized in a gradient way, and the integral energy utilization efficiency is improved.

In conclusion, compared with the existing photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production technology, the hydrogen production equipment provided by the utility model has the following advantages.

1. A concentrating photovoltaic power generation system is adopted to replace a conventional silicon photovoltaic cell panel power generation system, theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved to 34% from 27%, and generated energy is improved. Meanwhile, due to the adoption of a concentrating photovoltaic system, the working temperature of the photovoltaic cell 120 is increased to more than 100 ℃ from 30-50 ℃ of the traditional silicon photovoltaic cell, so that the availability of photovoltaic waste heat is improved.

2. A reaction temperature control system is introduced, and the photovoltaic cell 120 and the electrolytic cell 110 reach a reasonable and efficient working temperature range through the water flow heat exchange inside the electrolytic cell 110 through the automatic temperature feedback control and adjustment of the system, so that the power generation efficiency and the electrolysis efficiency are improved.

3. The thermoelectric power generation element 130 is introduced to be tightly attached between the photovoltaic cell 120 and the electrolytic cell 110, and secondary power generation is performed by using high-temperature photovoltaic waste heat and the temperature gradient generated by flowing water in the electrolytic cell 110, so that the total power generation efficiency of the system is improved.

4. The photovoltaic cell 120, the thermoelectric generation element 130 and the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell are assembled by adopting a direct bonding method, the installation method is simple and easy, the part of an intermediate heat exchanger is omitted, the cost is saved, and the generated temperature gradient is beneficial to the thermoelectric generation.

5. By using the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell with higher electrolytic efficiency and faster response speed compared with the traditional electrolytic cell for electrolytic reaction, the residual photovoltaic waste heat is also led into the electrolytic cell 110 through the thermoelectric generation element 130 tightly attached to the electrolytic cell 110, so that the temperature of the electrolytic cell 110 is raised. As can be known from the gibbs free energy formula Δ H ═ Δ G + T Δ S, when the reaction T increases and Δ H and Δ S do not change, Δ G will be correspondingly reduced, and the reaction will proceed more smoothly, that is, compared with the prior art means, the efficiency of the electrolytic reaction is improved by introducing the photovoltaic waste heat into the electrolytic cell 110 to raise the temperature of the electrolytic cell 110.

6. Through setting up insulation construction 700, can reduce the external dissipation of waste heat as far as possible, utilize hot water to derive the waste heat that is not utilized and supply the resident to use, realized the cascade utilization of comprehensive utilization and the energy of waste heat, improved the use value of photovoltaic waste heat.

Although the present invention is disclosed above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model as defined in the appended claims.

Finally, it should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the orientations such as "inner" and "outer" are based on the drawings.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the utility model. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. The hydrogen production equipment is characterized by comprising an electrolytic device (100), wherein the electrolytic device (100) comprises an electrolytic cell (110), a photovoltaic cell (120) and a thermoelectric generation element (130), the thermoelectric generation element (130) is provided with a hot end and a cold end, the cold end is attached to the outer wall surface of the electrolytic cell (110), and the photovoltaic cell (120) is attached to the hot end; the electrolytic cell (110) is provided with an inlet (140), a first outlet (150) and a second outlet (160), wherein the inlet (140) is configured to enable deionized water to enter the electrolytic cell (110), the first outlet (150) is configured to enable hydrogen to be discharged, and the second outlet (160) is configured to enable oxygen and water to be discharged.

2. The apparatus for producing hydrogen of claim 1, wherein the second outlet (160) is provided with a temperature sensor (200), the temperature sensor (200) being configured to detect a temperature of the fluid at the second outlet (160).

3. The hydrogen plant according to claim 2, further comprising a water tank (300), the water tank (300) being configured to store deionized water, the water tank (300) being connected to the inlet (140) by a water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe being provided with a water inlet pump (400), the water inlet pump (400) being configured to drive the deionized water of the water tank (300) from the inlet (140) to the electrolytic cell (110).

4. The hydrogen plant according to claim 3, wherein the feed pump (400) is electrically connected to a controller (510) of the hydrogen plant via a driver (520), and the temperature sensor (200) is electrically connected to the controller (510).

5. The hydrogen plant according to claim 1, further comprising a condenser lens (600), wherein the condenser lens (600) is spaced apart from the electrolysis device (100), and wherein the condenser lens (600) is configured to focus sunlight on the photovoltaic cell (120).

6. The hydrogen production equipment according to claim 1, wherein the electrolysis device (100) further comprises a heat preservation structure (700), the heat preservation structure (700) is provided with a heat preservation cavity, the electrolytic cell (110) is arranged in the heat preservation cavity, the heat preservation structure (700) is provided with a light inlet communicated with the heat preservation cavity, and the light inlet is opposite to the photovoltaic cell (120).

7. The hydrogen production equipment according to claim 6, wherein the heat insulation structure (700) comprises a heat insulation shell (710) and a first heat insulation layer (720) attached to the inner wall surface of the heat insulation shell (710), the first heat insulation layer (720) is enclosed to form a containing cavity, a part of the containing cavity forms the heat insulation cavity, and the other part of the containing cavity is filled with a second heat insulation layer (730).

8. The hydrogen production plant according to claim 7, characterized in that the material of the heat-insulating housing (710) is stainless steel, and/or the material of the first heat-insulating layer (720) is aluminum silicate, and/or the material of the second heat-insulating layer (730) is asbestos.

9. The hydrogen plant according to any of claims 1-8, further comprising a hydrogen collection device (810) and an oxygen collection device (820), wherein the hydrogen collection device (810) is connected to the first outlet (150) and the oxygen collection device (820) is connected to the second outlet (160).

10. The hydrogen plant according to claim 9, characterized in that a gas-liquid separation device (830) is arranged between the second outlet (160) and the oxygen collection device (820), wherein a gas outlet of the gas-liquid separation device (830) is connected with the oxygen collection device (820), and a liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separation device (830) forms a water supply end for domestic water.

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