CN215678378U - Controllable sealed consolidation apparatus of drainage distance - Google Patents
Controllable sealed consolidation apparatus of drainage distance Download PDFInfo
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- CN215678378U CN215678378U CN202121457595.5U CN202121457595U CN215678378U CN 215678378 U CN215678378 U CN 215678378U CN 202121457595 U CN202121457595 U CN 202121457595U CN 215678378 U CN215678378 U CN 215678378U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a sealed consolidometer with controllable drainage distance, which comprises a data acquisition unit, a consolidation unit, a seepage unit and a saturation unit, wherein the consolidation unit is used for applying load to a soil sample and consolidating the soil sample, the seepage unit is used for adjusting the length of a soil consolidation seepage path, and the saturation unit is used for degassing and saturating the soil sample; the use method of the sealed consolidometer with the controllable drainage distance is further provided, and the sealed consolidometer comprises the consolidometer; the utility model can change the distance of the drainage surface of the consolidated soil body, ensures the sealing performance of the device by adopting the folding sealing component and the combined sealing ring, and further improves the saturation degree of the soil sample and the saturation convenience of the soil sample by adopting the method of combining vacuum pumping saturation and back pressure saturation.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering laboratory tests, in particular to a sealing consolidometer with controllable drainage distance.
Background
The consolidation test is one of important contents in the rock-soil indoor experimental technology, and is an experimental work for testing the engineering property of soil and obtaining the physical index and the mechanical index of the soil. Consolidation experiments (also known as compaction experiments) are the most basic method of studying compaction of soils. The consolidation experiment is to prepare undisturbed soil or artificially prepared disturbed soil in a natural state into a soil sample with a certain specification, then place the soil sample in a consolidation apparatus, and compress and deform under different loads and under the complete lateral limit condition. Soil is a product of nature, and its formation process, material composition and engineering characteristics are extremely complex and become more complex with its stress state, stress history, loading rate and drainage conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a suitable and reliable consolidation apparatus to perform consolidation experiments to control different experimental conditions and ensure the accuracy of experimental results.
The calculation of the foundation settlement is a key and difficult problem in the field of geotechnical engineering, and the total settlement can be divided into three parts according to different reasons causing the foundation settlement: instantaneous settlement, primary consolidation settlement and secondary consolidation settlement. The instantaneous settlement is generated instantaneously when the load is applied, and the deformation is generated completely in the construction period; the main consolidation settlement and the secondary consolidation settlement are closely related to time, and exist for years or even decades after the construction period is finished, and the existing documents and field measured data show that the main consolidation deformation and the creep deformation are interaction and jointly influence the settlement and the long-term settlement of the foundation.
In a foundation settlement calculation method commonly used in engineering, creep deformation is generated after main consolidation, and after the main consolidation is completed, foundation settlement is superposed with secondary consolidation settlement through main consolidation settlement. In the deep soft soil foundation in practical engineering, due to the strong viscosity and the small permeability coefficient, the main consolidation completion time of the soil body unit close to the drainage boundary is short, and creep deformation occurs early, while for the whole soft soil foundation, the consolidation time is long, so the creep effect in the main consolidation stage cannot be ignored, and the interaction mechanism of consolidation deformation and creep deformation needs to be considered.
The experimental equipment for conventional consolidation at the present stage is relatively perfect, and relatively, the experimental equipment for researching long-time consolidation of the soil body is relatively lagged. For long-time consolidation experiments, the experiment period is long, and the tightness of an instrument has important influence on the accuracy of the experiments. When a compression piston is displaced downward in a consolidation test, other external forces are often introduced to ensure the tightness of the instrument. For example: in the current stage, a rubber ring is usually added around the shaft of the pressurizing piston to ensure the sealing performance of the consolidometer, and a large friction force is generated between the rubber ring and the shaft cylinder; in addition, the accuracy of the model parameters is a key factor for correctly calculating the deep foundation settlement, and the traditional deformation parameters are obtained based on a 2cm or 4cm high soil sample one-dimensional lateral limit consolidation test in a laboratory, which is different from the actual deformation condition of a deep soft soil foundation of dozens of meters or even dozens of meters on site. The existing scholars study the influence of deformation parameters along with the drainage distance by directly heightening the cutting ring, but the direct heightening of the cutting ring inevitably increases the frictional resistance between a soil sample and the inner wall of the cutting ring, the soil body is not in an unconfined compression state any more, the shearing deformation is generated, the height of the cutting ring is limited by the test conditions, and the height for heightening the cutting ring is limited. Therefore, the distance of the drainage surface has important influence on the consolidation of the soil body, but the prior art lacks of consolidation instruments capable of freely controlling the drainage distance.
In conclusion, based on the mechanism of the existing lateral confinement consolidation test, a consolidator which can perform different drainage distances and has good sealing performance is developed to restore the interaction between the consolidation deformation and the creep deformation of the on-site deep soft soil foundation and improve the theoretical level of engineering design on the deep soft foundation, which is a difficult point and a key problem to be solved in the field at present.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a sealed consolidometer with a controllable drainage distance, which solves the problems in the background art by arranging a consolidation unit for applying load to a soil sample and consolidating the soil sample, a seepage unit for adjusting the length of a soil consolidation seepage path and a saturation unit for degassing and saturating the soil sample.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model provides the following technical scheme:
a sealed consolidometer with controllable drainage distance comprises a data acquisition unit, a consolidation unit, a seepage unit and a saturation unit, wherein the consolidation unit is used for applying load to a soil sample and consolidating the soil sample, the seepage unit is used for adjusting the length of a soil consolidation seepage path, and the saturation unit is used for degassing and saturating the soil sample;
the data acquisition unit comprises a first pore pressure sensor for acquiring saturation unit data, a second pore pressure sensor for acquiring consolidation unit data, a third pore pressure sensor for acquiring seepage unit data, a displacement sensor for acquiring consolidation unit data and a data acquisition system;
the consolidation unit comprises a gland, a folding sealing component, a cutting ring, a guide component, a fixing bolt, a combined sealing ring, an O-shaped sealing ring, a consolidation apparatus base and a consolidation filtering layer;
the seepage unit comprises a semi-open cylinder, a clamping groove, a clamping fastener, a sealing ring, a seepage filtering layer, a water collecting glass tube and an adjusting rod piece, wherein the clamping fastener is movably connected in the clamping groove on the inner wall of the semi-open cylinder;
the saturation unit comprises a first degassing water tank, a backpressure meter, a second degassing water tank and a vacuum air extractor;
preferably, the consolidometer base is a concave base, the guide assembly is fixed on the consolidometer base through a fixing bolt, the inner space of the guide assembly is used for applying load to the soil sample and consolidating the soil sample, the soil sample is sequentially filtered by two sets of consolidation filter layers, the first set is arranged at the bottom of the gland, the second set is arranged at the bottom of the guide assembly, and finally the soil sample is discharged from the water discharge hole;
preferably, the consolidation unit is provided with an O-shaped sealing ring groove for placing an O-shaped sealing ring and a water collecting groove for collecting water discharged by soil consolidation;
preferably, one end of a folding sealing component of the consolidation unit is connected with the gland through a hoop, the other end of the folding sealing component is connected with the guide assembly through a screw and an annular pressing sheet, the folding sealing component is an easily-formed and watertight rubber mold, the middle part of the folding sealing component is bent and folded, and when the gland moves downwards, the bent and folded part is freely opened without introducing external force; the combined sealing rings of the consolidation units are arranged on two sides of the gland and comprise O-shaped rubber inner rings and outer rings made of materials filled with polytetrafluoroethylene, when the gland moves downwards, the inner rings are pressed to provide elasticity, so that the outer rings are tightly attached to the guide assembly, and the friction resistance between the combined sealing rings and the guide assembly is reduced; the top of the consolidation unit forms a sealing boundary under the combined action of the folding sealing component and the combined sealing ring;
the fixing bolt fixes the guide assembly on the consolidometer base and simultaneously extrudes the O-shaped sealing ring, so that the bottom of the consolidation unit forms a sealing boundary seal;
preferably, water is filled in a cavity between the consolidometer base and the guide assembly to the position of the folding sealing component, so that water in the consolidated soil is prevented from evaporating;
preferably, the gland is provided with an inclined hole, the inlet end of the inclined hole is positioned at the top of the gland and does not pass through the pressure head, and the outlet end of the inclined hole is positioned at the central position of the bottom of the gland, so that a pressurizing point is ensured to be the central position, and a seepage flow leading-out point is also ensured to be the central position;
preferably, the seepage unit is provided with two groups of seepage filter layers, the first layer is arranged on the side wall of the semi-open cylinder, the second layer is arranged on the left side of the clamping fastener, the clamping fastener is provided with a sealing ring groove for placing a sealing ring, a seepage hole is further formed in the center of the clamping fastener, and a pipeline extending from the seepage hole is connected with the water collecting glass pipe after passing through the drain valve;
preferably, the clamping fastener is connected with two adjusting rod pieces through threads, the two adjusting rod pieces are symmetrically arranged to avoid lateral movement during movement, and scales are arranged on the two adjusting rod pieces;
preferably, the sealing ring seals the boundary when the snap fastener is pressed against the semi-open cylinder;
preferably, the outer edge of the seepage filter layer is tightly cemented with the semi-open cylinder and the clamping fastener by waterproof sealant so as to reduce gaps on a seepage path and avoid test errors caused by water body seeping into the gaps;
as a preferable scheme, the second degassing water tank of the saturation unit is connected to a pipeline connecting the seepage unit and the top of the consolidation unit through a saturation valve, and the vacuum air extractor of the saturation unit is connected to a pipeline connecting the seepage unit and the bottom of the consolidation unit through a vacuum air extraction valve;
as a preferable scheme, the back pressure saturation valve is a three-way valve, and is respectively connected with the first degassing water tank, the inverse pressure meter and the cut-off valve, the cut-off valve is a three-way valve, and is respectively connected with the back pressure saturation valve, the consolidation unit and the seepage unit, and the pore pressure valve is a three-way valve, and is respectively connected with the second pore pressure sensor, the consolidation unit and the seepage unit;
based on the sealing consolidation apparatus with the controllable drainage distance, the utility model also provides a use method of the sealing consolidation apparatus with the controllable drainage distance, which comprises the sealing consolidation apparatus with the controllable drainage distance, wherein the consolidation apparatus is any one of the consolidation apparatuses, and further comprises the following steps:
s1, completely closing the back pressure saturation valve, the saturation valve and the drain valve, completely opening the block valve and the vacuum extraction valve, closing one end of the pore pressure valve connected with the second pore pressure sensor to only enable the seepage unit to be communicated with a pipeline at the bottom of the consolidation unit, starting the vacuum air extractor, extracting the inner space of the device to be in a vacuum state, and closing the vacuum air extractor when the air pressure value of the vacuum air extractor shows vacuum;
s2, opening a saturation valve, and closing one end of the back pressure saturation valve, which is connected with a back pressure meter, so that the first degassing water tank is only communicated with the pipeline of the cut-off valve, the degassing water can fill the inner space and the pipeline of the device, and the soil sample is initially saturated;
s3, completely closing the saturation valve, the vacuum extraction valve and the pore pressure valve, closing one end of the back pressure saturation valve, which is connected with the first degassing water tank, to only enable the backpressure meter and the first pore pressure sensor to be communicated with a pipeline of the cut-off valve, closing one end of the cut-off valve, which is connected with the seepage unit, to only enable the back pressure saturation valve to be communicated with a pipeline of the gland, opening the backpressure meter to perform back pressure saturation, and determining that the back pressure saturation is completed when the reading of the first pore pressure sensor is close to a preset range;
s4, closing the inverse pressure meter, completely closing the inverse pressure saturation valve and the saturation valve, closing one end of the cutoff valve connected with the inverse pressure saturation valve to only enable the seepage unit to be communicated with a pipeline at the top of the consolidation unit, closing one end of the pore pressure valve connected with the seepage unit to only enable the consolidation unit to be communicated with the second pore pressure sensor, opening the drain valve, then carrying out pressurization consolidation, and obtaining experimental data by the second pore pressure sensor, the third pore pressure sensor, the displacement sensor and the data acquisition system;
preferably, the water discharged due to soil consolidation is collected by the water collecting glass tube, the volume of the discharged water is equal to the volume reduction of the soil due to main consolidation, and the self-weight pressure mu of the water and the cross-sectional area s of the cavity of the water collecting glass tube are measured by the connected third pore pressure sensor1Calculating to obtain;
the total volume reduction of the soil body is measured by the displacement change delta x measured by the displacement sensor and the cross section area s of the cavity of the cutting ring2Calculating to obtain;
the volume reduction v of the soil body caused by creep is the volume reduction of the soil body subtracted by the volume reduction of the soil body caused by main consolidation, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein v is the volume reduction of the soil body due to creep, Δ x is the displacement variation, s2Is the cross-sectional area of the cavity of the cutting ring, mu is the self-weight pressure of water, g is the acceleration of gravity, s1For collecting waterThe cross section area of the glass tube cavity.
The working process of the utility model is as follows:
s1, completely closing the back pressure saturation valve, the saturation valve and the drain valve, completely opening the block valve and the vacuum extraction valve, closing one end of the pore pressure valve connected with the second pore pressure sensor to only enable the seepage unit to be communicated with a pipeline at the bottom of the consolidation unit, starting the vacuum air extractor, extracting the inner space of the device to be in a vacuum state, and closing the vacuum air extractor when the air pressure value of the vacuum air extractor shows vacuum;
s2, opening a saturation valve, and closing one end of the back pressure saturation valve, which is connected with a back pressure meter, so that the first degassing water tank is only communicated with the pipeline of the cut-off valve, the degassing water can fill the inner space and the pipeline of the device, and the soil sample is initially saturated;
s3, completely closing the saturation valve, the vacuum extraction valve and the pore pressure valve, closing one end of the back pressure saturation valve, which is connected with the first degassing water tank, to only enable the backpressure meter and the first pore pressure sensor to be communicated with a pipeline of the cut-off valve, closing one end of the cut-off valve, which is connected with the seepage unit, to only enable the back pressure saturation valve to be communicated with a pipeline of the gland, opening the backpressure meter to perform back pressure saturation, and determining that the back pressure saturation is completed when the reading of the first pore pressure sensor is close to a preset range;
s4, closing the backpressure meter, completely closing the backpressure saturation valve and the saturation valve, closing one end of the cutoff valve connected with the backpressure saturation valve to only enable the seepage unit to be communicated with a pipeline at the top of the consolidation unit, closing one end of the pore pressure valve connected with the seepage unit to only enable the consolidation unit to be communicated with the second pore pressure sensor, opening the drain valve, then conducting pressurization consolidation, and obtaining experimental data through the second pore pressure sensor, the third pore pressure sensor, the displacement sensor and the data acquisition system.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the utility model, the seepage unit for adjusting the length of the soil consolidation seepage path is arranged, the clamping buckle piece moves along the clamping groove by pulling the adjusting rod piece fixedly connected with the clamping buckle piece, the path length of the soil consolidation seepage is adjusted, and the drainage surface distance of the consolidated soil is changed, so that the interaction mechanism of the consolidation deformation and the creep deformation is considered in consideration of the creep effect of the main consolidation stage, and the seepage unit with controllable drainage distance is arranged on the basis of the interaction mechanism of the consolidation deformation and the creep deformation of the deep soft soil foundation on the reduction site, the theoretical level of engineering design on the deep soft foundation is improved, the experimental data has more authenticity, and the experimental accuracy is improved; in addition, the consolidation behaviors of the soil body under different drainage distances are conveniently researched, and the method has practical significance and good application prospect.
2. Compared with other common consolidators, the utility model adopts the sealing device comprising the folding sealing component and the combined sealing ring, and the folding part of the folding sealing component can be freely opened along with downward displacement of the gland during the experiment, so that no additional external force is brought, and the experiment error is reduced; the combined sealing ring comprises two parts, wherein one part is a rubber inner ring for providing elastic energy, the sealing ring is tightly attached to the sealing coupling surface through the precompression force of the rubber inner ring to play a sealing role, and the other part is a polytetrafluoroethylene outer ring which is in contact with the sealing surface and has relative motion, and is a filled polymer ring with small friction force and strong anti-adhesion capability; the combined sealing method of the folding sealing component and the combined sealing ring can better control the experimental precision while ensuring the sealing performance of the device.
3. According to the utility model, the saturation unit for degassing and saturating the soil sample is arranged, the saturation unit is connected with each unit through different valve bodies, and the saturation of the soil sample is further improved and the convenience of the saturation of the soil sample is improved by adopting a method of combining vacuum pumping saturation and back pressure saturation.
4. According to the utility model, water is injected into the cavity between the guide assembly and the consolidometer base to the position of the folding sealing component, so that the evaporation of water in the consolidated soil body is effectively prevented, and the moisture retention of the device is further improved.
5. In the utility model, the gland adopts an inclined drilling hole flow guiding mode, which not only ensures that a pressurizing point is the central position, but also ensures that a seepage flow guiding-out point is the central position, thereby ensuring that the pressurizing pressure is uniform, improving the drainage rate and facilitating the drainage of water extruded by the soil sample.
6. According to the utility model, the volume reduction of the soil body caused by the creep effect can be simply and conveniently calculated, and the self-weight pressure of the discharged water in the water collecting glass tube and the cross section area of the cavity of the water collecting glass tube are obtained through the third pore pressure sensor of the data acquisition unit, so that the volume reduction of the soil body caused by main consolidation is calculated; obtaining the displacement variable quantity and the cross-sectional area of the cutting ring cavity through a displacement sensor of the data acquisition unit, thereby solving the total volume of the soil body; and subtracting the volume reduction of the soil body due to main consolidation from the total volume of the soil body to obtain the volume reduction of the soil body due to creep deformation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the consolidator base structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the folding sealing member and the combined rubber ring of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial structural view of a consolidation unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the connection of the snap fastener of the present invention to a semi-open cylinder;
in the figure: 1. a data acquisition system; 2. a first degassing water tank; 3. a first pore pressure sensor; 4. a back pressure meter; 5. a second deaerating water tank; 6. a displacement sensor; 7. a second pore pressure sensor; 8. a vacuum air extractor; 9. a gland; 10. folding the sealing member; 11. cutting with a ring cutter; 12. a guide assembly; 13. fixing the bolt; 14. a pore pressure valve; 15. a back pressure saturation valve; 16. a combined sealing ring; 17. an O-shaped sealing ring; 18. a consolidometer base; 19. a vacuum extraction valve; 20. a saturation valve; 21. solidifying the filter layer; 22. adjusting the rod piece; 23. a drain valve; 24. a percolation filtration layer; 25. a cavity; 26. a shut-off valve; 27. a half-open cylinder; 28. a snap fastener; 29. a seal ring; 30. a screw hole; 31. an O-shaped seal ring groove; 32. a water collecting groove; 33. a water-collecting glass tube; 34. a third pore pressure sensor; 35. a drain hole; 36. a water-stopping adhesive tape; 37. a clamping groove; 38. a seal ring groove; 39. a seepage hole; 40. an inner ring; 41. an outer ring; A. a consolidation unit; B. and (4) a seepage unit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a technical solution:
a sealed consolidation instrument with controllable drainage distance comprises a data acquisition unit, a consolidation unit, a seepage unit and a saturation unit, wherein the consolidation unit is used for applying load to a soil sample and consolidating the soil sample, the seepage unit is used for adjusting the length of a soil consolidation seepage path, and the saturation unit is used for degassing and saturating the soil sample;
the data acquisition unit comprises a first pore pressure sensor 3 for acquiring saturation unit data, a second pore pressure sensor 7 for acquiring consolidation unit data, a third pore pressure sensor 34 for acquiring seepage unit data, a displacement sensor 6 for acquiring consolidation unit data and a data acquisition system 1; the displacement sensor 6 is connected with a gland 9 of the consolidation unit and is used for measuring displacement variation;
the consolidation unit comprises a gland 9, a folding sealing component 10, a cutting ring 11, a guide component 12, a fixing bolt 13, a combined sealing ring 16, an O-shaped sealing ring 17, a consolidation apparatus base 18 and a consolidation filter layer 21; the bottom of the cutting ring 11 is wound with a water-stopping adhesive tape 36;
the seepage unit comprises a semi-open cylinder 27, a clamping groove 37, a clamping fastener 28, a sealing ring 29, a seepage filter layer 24, a water collecting glass tube 33 and an adjusting rod piece 22, wherein the clamping fastener 28 is movably connected in the clamping groove 37 on the inner wall of the semi-open cylinder 27, and the clamping fastener 28 moves along the clamping groove 37 by pulling the adjusting rod piece 22 fixedly connected with the clamping fastener 28, so that the path length of soil consolidation seepage is adjusted;
the saturation unit comprises a first degassing water tank 2, a backpressure meter 4, a second degassing water tank 5 and a vacuum air extractor 8;
according to the utility model, the seepage unit for adjusting the length of the soil consolidation seepage path is arranged, the clamping fastener 28 moves along the clamping groove 37 by pulling the adjusting rod 22 fixedly connected with the clamping fastener 28, the path length of soil consolidation seepage is adjusted, and the drainage surface distance of the consolidated soil is changed, the seepage unit with controllable drainage distance is arranged according to the principle of the interaction of the creep effect and the consolidation deformation and the creep deformation in the main consolidation stage, the interaction of the consolidation deformation and the creep deformation of the deep soft soil foundation on the site is reduced, the engineering design theoretical level on the deep soft foundation is improved, the experimental data is more authentic, and the experimental accuracy is improved; in addition, the consolidation behaviors of the soil body under different drainage distances are conveniently researched, and the method has practical significance and good application prospect.
In addition, the utility model is provided with a saturation unit for degassing and saturating the soil sample, the saturation unit is connected with each unit through different valve bodies, and the saturation of the soil sample is further improved and the convenience of the saturation of the soil sample is improved by adopting a method of combining vacuum pumping saturation and back pressure saturation.
The consolidometer base 18 is a concave semi-open base with a certain thickness at the bottom, the guide component 12 is fixed on the consolidometer base 18 through the fixing bolt 13, the internal space of the guide component 12 is used for applying load to the soil sample and consolidating the soil sample, the soil sample is filtered by two sets of consolidation filter layers 21 in sequence, the first set is arranged at the bottom of the gland 9, the second set is arranged at the bottom of the guide component 12 and is finally discharged from the water discharge hole 35;
the consolidation unit is provided with an O-shaped sealing ring groove 31 for placing an O-shaped sealing ring 17 and a water collecting groove 32 for collecting water discharged by soil consolidation; the water collecting groove 32 is in a net shape;
as shown in fig. 3, one end of a folding sealing member 10 of the consolidation unit is connected with a gland 9 through a hoop, and the other end is connected with a guide assembly 12 through a screw and an annular pressing sheet, the folding sealing member 10 is a rubber mold which is easy to form and is impermeable to water, specifically a latex film, the main material is natural latex, the middle part of the folding sealing member 10 is bent and folded, and when the gland 9 moves downwards, the bent and folded part is freely opened without introducing an external force; the combined sealing rings 16 of the consolidation units are arranged at two sides of the gland 9 and comprise O-shaped rubber inner rings 40 and outer rings 41 made of materials filled with polytetrafluoroethylene, when the gland 9 moves downwards, the inner rings 40 are pressed to provide elasticity, so that the outer rings 41 are tightly attached to the guide assembly 12, and the friction resistance between the combined sealing rings 16 and the guide assembly 12 is reduced; the folding sealing component 10 and the combined sealing ring 16 jointly act to enable the top of the consolidation unit to form a sealing boundary; the sealing outer ring 41 made of polytetrafluoroethylene has low friction factor, and can effectively reduce friction;
the fixing bolt 13 fixes the guide assembly 12 on the consolidation apparatus base 18 and simultaneously extrudes the O-shaped sealing ring 17, so that the bottom of the consolidation unit forms a sealing boundary seal;
compared with other common consolidators, the utility model adopts the sealing device comprising the folding sealing component 10 and the combined sealing ring 16, and when an experiment is carried out, along with downward displacement of the gland 9, the folding part of the folding sealing component 10 can be freely opened without bringing extra external force, thereby reducing experiment errors; the combined sealing ring 16 comprises two parts, one part is a rubber inner ring 40 providing elastic energy, the sealing ring clings to the sealing coupling surface to play a sealing role through the precompression force of the rubber inner ring, and the other part is a polytetrafluoroethylene outer ring 41 which is in contact with the sealing surface and has relative motion, and is a filled polymer ring with small friction force and strong anti-adhesion capability; the combined sealing method of the folding sealing component 10 and the combined sealing ring 16 adopted by the utility model can better control the experimental precision while ensuring the sealing performance of the device.
The cavity 25 between the consolidometer base 18 and the guide assembly 12 is filled with water to the position of the folding sealing component 10, so that the evaporation of water in the consolidated soil body is prevented, and the moisture retention of the device is further improved.
The gland 9 is provided with an inclined hole, the inlet end of the inclined hole is positioned at the top of the gland 9 and does not pass through a pressure head, and the outlet end of the inclined hole is positioned at the central position of the bottom of the gland 9, so that a pressurizing point is ensured to be the central position, and a seepage flow leading-out point is also ensured to be the central position; thereby ensuring even pressurizing pressure, improving drainage rate and facilitating the drainage of water extruded by the soil sample.
The seepage unit is provided with two groups of seepage filter layers 24, the first layer is arranged on the side wall of the semi-open cylinder 27, and the second layer is arranged on the left side of the clamping fastener 28; the clamping fastener 28 is provided with a sealing ring groove 38 for placing the sealing ring 29, the center of the clamping fastener is also provided with a seepage hole 39, and a pipeline extending from the seepage hole 39 is connected with the water collecting glass tube 33 after passing through the drain valve 23; the water collecting glass tube 33 is used for collecting water bodies discharged due to soil consolidation, the volume of the discharged water bodies is equal to the volume reduction amount of the soil bodies due to main consolidation, the self-weight pressure of water measured by the third pore pressure sensor 34 connected with the water collecting glass tube 33 is used for calculating the volume of the discharged water bodies, and the volume reduction amount of the soil bodies due to main consolidation is obtained;
the clamping fastener 28 is connected with the two adjusting rod pieces 22 through threads, the two adjusting rod pieces 22 are symmetrically arranged to avoid lateral movement during movement, and scales are arranged on the two adjusting rod pieces 22; the adjustment to the required length of the percolation path can be facilitated by observing the scale on the adjustment rod 22 and moving the adjustment rod 22;
the sealing ring 29 seals the boundary when the snap fastener 28 is pressed against the semi-open cylinder 27;
the outer edge of the seepage filtering layer 24 is tightly cemented with the semi-open cylinder 27 and the clamping fastener 28 by waterproof sealant; so as to reduce the gap on the seepage path and avoid the test error caused by the water body seeping into the gap;
the second degassing water tank 5 of the saturation unit is connected to a pipeline connected with the top of the seepage unit and the consolidation unit through a saturation valve 20, and the vacuum air extractor 8 of the saturation unit is connected to a pipeline connected with the bottom of the seepage unit and the consolidation unit through a vacuum air extraction valve 19;
the back pressure saturation valve 15 is a three-way valve and is respectively connected with a first degassing water tank 2, a back pressure meter 4 and a cut-off valve 26, so that the first degassing water tank 2 and the back pressure meter 4 are connected into an inclined hole of the gland 9 in parallel, the cut-off valve 26 is a three-way valve and is respectively connected with the back pressure saturation valve 15, a consolidation unit and a seepage unit, and the pore pressure valve 14 is a three-way valve and is respectively connected with a second pore pressure sensor 7, a consolidation unit and a seepage unit;
based on the sealing consolidometer with controllable drainage distance provided by the embodiment, the embodiment of the utility model also provides a use method of the sealing consolidometer with controllable drainage distance, the sealing consolidometer with controllable drainage distance comprises the following steps:
s1, completely closing the back pressure saturation valve 15, the saturation valve 20 and the drain valve 23, completely opening the block valve 26 and the vacuum extraction valve 19, closing one end of the pore pressure valve 14 connected with the second pore pressure sensor 7 to only enable the seepage unit to be communicated with a pipeline at the bottom of the consolidation unit, opening the vacuum air extractor 8, extracting the inner space of the device to be in a vacuum state, and closing the vacuum air extractor 8 when the air pressure value of the vacuum air extractor 8 shows vacuum;
s2, opening the saturation valve 20, and closing one end of the back pressure saturation valve 15, which is connected with the back pressure meter 4, so that the first degassing water tank 2 is only communicated with the pipeline of the cut-off valve 26, and the degassing water can fill the inner space and the pipeline of the device and the soil sample is initially saturated;
s3, completely closing the saturation valve 20, the vacuum extraction valve 19 and the pore pressure valve 14, closing one end of the back pressure saturation valve 15, which is connected with the first degassing water tank 2, to only enable the backpressure meter 4 and the first pore pressure sensor 3 to be communicated with the pipeline of the cut-off valve 26, closing one end of the cut-off valve 26, which is connected with the seepage unit, to only enable the back pressure saturation valve 15 to be communicated with the pipeline of the gland 9, opening the backpressure meter 4 to perform back pressure saturation, and determining that the back pressure saturation is completed when the reading of the first pore pressure sensor 3 is close to a preset range;
s4, closing the backpressure meter 4, completely closing the backpressure saturation valve 15 and the saturation valve 20, closing one end, connected with the backpressure saturation valve 15, of the cutoff valve 26 to only enable the seepage unit to be communicated with a pipeline at the top of the consolidation unit, closing one end, connected with the seepage unit, of the pore pressure valve 14 to only enable the consolidation unit to be communicated with the second pore pressure sensor 7, opening the drain valve 23, then conducting pressurization consolidation, and obtaining experimental data through the second pore pressure sensor 7, the third pore pressure sensor 34, the displacement sensor 6 and the data acquisition system 1;
the water discharged by the consolidation of the soil body is collected by the water collecting glass tube 33, the volume of the discharged water is equal to the volume reduction of the soil body caused by the main consolidation, and the water is discharged by the connected second water collecting glass tubeThe water self-weight pressure mu and the cavity cross-sectional area s of the water-collecting glass tube 33 measured by the three-hole pressure sensor 341Calculating to obtain;
the total volume reduction of the soil body is measured by the displacement variable quantity delta x measured by the displacement sensor 6 and the cavity cross-sectional area s of the cutting ring 112Calculating to obtain;
the volume reduction v of the soil body caused by creep is the volume reduction of the soil body subtracted by the volume reduction of the soil body caused by main consolidation, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein v is the volume reduction of the soil body due to creep, Δ x is the displacement variation, s2Is the cross section area of the cavity of the cutting ring 11, mu is the self-weight pressure of water, g is the gravity acceleration, s1The cross-sectional area of the cavity of the water collecting glass tube 33. The utility model can simply and conveniently calculate the volume reduction of the soil body caused by the creep effect, thereby saving the experimental time and the manpower and material resources.
The working process of the utility model is as follows:
s1, completely closing the back pressure saturation valve 15, the saturation valve 20 and the drain valve 23, completely opening the block valve 26 and the vacuum extraction valve 19, closing one end of the pore pressure valve 14 connected with the second pore pressure sensor 7 to only enable the seepage unit to be communicated with a pipeline at the bottom of the consolidation unit, opening the vacuum air extractor 8, extracting the inner space of the device to be in a vacuum state, and closing the vacuum air extractor 8 when the air pressure value of the vacuum air extractor 8 shows vacuum;
s2, opening the saturation valve 20, and closing one end of the back pressure saturation valve 15, which is connected with the back pressure meter 4, so that the first degassing water tank 2 is only communicated with the pipeline of the cut-off valve 26, and the degassing water can fill the inner space and the pipeline of the device and the soil sample is initially saturated;
s3, completely closing the saturation valve 20, the vacuum extraction valve 19 and the pore pressure valve 14, closing one end of the back pressure saturation valve 15, which is connected with the first degassing water tank 2, to only enable the backpressure meter 4 and the first pore pressure sensor 3 to be communicated with the pipeline of the cut-off valve 26, closing one end of the cut-off valve 26, which is connected with the seepage unit, to only enable the back pressure saturation valve 15 to be communicated with the pipeline of the gland 9, opening the backpressure meter 4 to perform back pressure saturation, and determining that the back pressure saturation is completed when the reading of the first pore pressure sensor 3 is close to a preset range;
s4, closing the backpressure meter 4, completely closing the backpressure saturation valve 15 and the saturation valve 20, closing one end of the cutoff valve 26, which is connected with the backpressure saturation valve 15, to only enable the seepage unit to be communicated with a pipeline at the top of the consolidation unit, closing one end of the pore pressure valve 14, which is connected with the seepage unit, to only enable the consolidation unit to be communicated with the second pore pressure sensor 7, opening the drain valve 23, then carrying out pressurization consolidation, and obtaining experimental data by the second pore pressure sensor 7, the third pore pressure sensor 34, the displacement sensor 6 and the data acquisition system 1.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents and are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A sealed consolidometer with controllable drainage distance comprises a data acquisition unit and is characterized by further comprising a consolidation unit, a seepage unit and a saturation unit, wherein the consolidation unit is used for applying load to a soil sample and consolidating the soil sample, the seepage unit is used for adjusting the length of a soil consolidation seepage path, the saturation unit is used for degassing and saturating the soil sample, the data acquisition unit is connected with other units through a data acquisition line and a conduit, the consolidation unit, the seepage unit and the saturation unit are connected with one another through the conduit, and a back pressure saturation valve, a block valve, a saturation valve and a vacuum extraction valve are connected between the saturation unit and the consolidation unit as well as between the seepage unit and the saturation unit;
the data acquisition unit comprises a first pore pressure sensor for acquiring saturation unit data, a second pore pressure sensor for acquiring consolidation unit data, a third pore pressure sensor for acquiring seepage unit data, a displacement sensor for acquiring consolidation unit data and a data acquisition system;
the consolidation unit comprises a gland, a folding sealing component, a cutting ring, a guide component, a fixing bolt, a combined sealing ring, an O-shaped sealing ring, a consolidation apparatus base and a consolidation filtering layer;
the seepage unit comprises a semi-open cylinder, a clamping groove, a clamping fastener, a sealing ring, a seepage filtering layer, a water collecting glass tube and an adjusting rod piece, wherein the clamping fastener is movably connected in the clamping groove on the inner wall of the semi-open cylinder;
the saturation unit comprises a first degassing water tank, a backpressure meter, a second degassing water tank and a vacuum air extractor.
2. The consolidometer according to claim 1, wherein the consolidometer base is a concave base, the guide assembly is fixed on the consolidometer base by a fixing bolt, the inner space of the guide assembly is used for applying load to the soil sample and consolidating the soil sample, the soil sample is filtered by two sets of consolidation filter layers in sequence, the first set is arranged at the bottom of the gland, and the second set is arranged at the bottom of the guide assembly.
3. The consolidometer according to claim 2, wherein the folding sealing member of the consolidation unit is connected with the gland through a clamp at one end and connected with the guide assembly at the other end through a screw and an annular pressing sheet, the folding sealing member is an easily formed and watertight rubber mold, the middle part is folded in a bending way, and when the gland moves downwards, the folding part is freely opened without introducing external force; the combined sealing rings of the consolidation units are arranged on two sides of the gland and comprise O-shaped rubber inner rings and outer rings made of materials filled with polytetrafluoroethylene, when the gland moves downwards, the inner rings are pressed to provide elasticity, so that the outer rings are tightly attached to the guide assembly, and the friction resistance between the combined sealing rings and the guide assembly is reduced; the top of the consolidation unit forms a sealing boundary under the combined action of the folding sealing component and the combined sealing ring;
the fixing bolt fixes the guide assembly on the consolidometer base and simultaneously extrudes the O-shaped sealing ring, so that the bottom of the consolidation unit forms a sealing boundary seal.
4. The consolidometer according to claim 3, wherein the gland is provided with an inclined hole, the inlet end of the inclined hole is positioned at the top of the gland and does not pass through the gland, and the outlet end of the inclined hole is positioned at the central position of the bottom of the gland, so that the pressure point is ensured to be the central position, and the seepage flow leading-out point is also ensured to be the central position.
5. The consolidometer according to claim 1, wherein the percolation unit has two sets of percolation filtering layers, the first layer is located on the side wall of the semi-open cylinder, the second layer is located on the left side of the snap fastener, the snap fastener is provided with a sealing ring groove for placing the sealing ring, the center is further provided with a drainage hole, and a pipeline extending from the drainage hole is connected with the water collection glass pipe after passing through the drainage valve.
6. The consolidometer of claim 5 wherein the snap fastener is threaded with two adjustment rods symmetrically positioned to prevent lateral movement during movement and graduated on the two adjustment rods.
7. The consolidator according to claim 1, wherein the second degassing water tank of the saturation unit is connected through a saturation valve to the pipe connecting the percolation unit to the top of the consolidation unit, and the vacuum pump of the saturation unit is connected through a vacuum pump valve to the pipe connecting the percolation unit to the bottom of the consolidation unit.
8. The consolidometer according to claim 7, wherein the counter pressure saturation valve is a three-way valve to which the first degassing water tank, the counter pressure meter and the shut-off valve are connected, respectively, the shut-off valve is a three-way valve to which the counter pressure saturation valve, the consolidation unit and the seepage unit are connected, respectively, and the pore pressure valve is a three-way valve to which the second pore pressure sensor, the consolidation unit and the seepage unit are connected, respectively.
9. The consolidometer of claim 1 wherein the cavity between the consolidometer base and the guide assembly is filled with water to the position of the folding seal member to prevent evaporation of water from within the consolidated soil mass.
10. The consolidometer as claimed in claim 5 wherein the outer edge of the percolation filter layer is tightly cemented to the semi-open cylinder, snap-fit fastener with a waterproof sealant.
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| CN202121457595.5U CN215678378U (en) | 2021-06-29 | 2021-06-29 | Controllable sealed consolidation apparatus of drainage distance |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113376358A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-10 | 广东工业大学 | Sealing consolidation instrument with controllable drainage distance and use method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113376358A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-10 | 广东工业大学 | Sealing consolidation instrument with controllable drainage distance and use method thereof |
| CN113376358B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2024-08-30 | 广东工业大学 | Sealing consolidation apparatus with controllable drainage distance and use method thereof |
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