CN215657008U - System for thermal desorption is in coordination with carbon neutralization treatment incineration fly ash - Google Patents
System for thermal desorption is in coordination with carbon neutralization treatment incineration fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN215657008U CN215657008U CN202120527696.9U CN202120527696U CN215657008U CN 215657008 U CN215657008 U CN 215657008U CN 202120527696 U CN202120527696 U CN 202120527696U CN 215657008 U CN215657008 U CN 215657008U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a system for treating incineration fly ash through thermal desorption and carbon neutralization, which comprises a dioxin thermal desorption device, a washing dechlorination device, a multi-stage carbon neutralization device, a solid-liquid separation device, a heavy metal solidification device, an evaporation crystallization salt separation device and a heat exchange device, wherein CO-containing gas circulating in the multi-stage carbon neutralization device2The medium can react with calcium and magnesium in the slurry after water washing to generate carbonate, can replace medicament to realize hardness adjustment, reduce the medicament use amount, simultaneously achieve the purpose of carbon emission reduction, simultaneously reduce the operation cost, and effectively reduce the difficulty of evaporating, crystallizing and separating saltAnd the quality of the recovered industrial salt is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of incineration fly ash treatment, in particular to a system for treating incineration fly ash through thermal desorption and carbon neutralization.
Background
The household garbage incineration treatment technology has the advantages of harmlessness, resource utilization, reduction and the like, and is one of the most main and effective technologies for treating wastes in various countries. However, incineration fly ash, which is an inevitable product of waste incineration, is managed by a list of hazardous wastes due to the dual pollutant emission characteristics of dioxin and heavy metal leaching.
The anaerobic heat treatment technology is used as a common method for reducing the dioxin in the fly ash, the dioxin molecules are desorbed or decomposed under the anaerobic heating condition, and the treated fly ash can be combined with a washing dechlorination process to realize resource utilization. The water washing is used as an efficient and simple fly ash dechlorination process, industrial salt can be recovered in a multi-effect concentration distillation mode, and the fly ash after the water washing can enter a cement production line or be used as a building material, so that the resource utilization is realized. The fly ash washing liquid contains high-concentration calcium and magnesium ions, which can affect the subsequent evaporation concentration salt separation process and the purity of recovered industrial salt, and medicaments and heavy metal curing agents are usually added into the washing liquid to adjust the hardness, pH and solidify heavy metals, so that the water inlet quality requirement of evaporation crystallization salt separation is met. The method needs to consume a large amount of chemical agents, has high operation cost, and introduces other impurities while adding a large amount of agents, thereby bringing difficulty to the subsequent salt separation process.
In conclusion, the treatment process of the water washing liquid of the fly ash in the prior fly ash harmless and recycling treatment technology is not reasonable enough, the added medicament has large dosage and higher cost, and the subsequent evaporation, concentration and salt separation processes and the purity of recovered industrial salt are influenced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a system for treating incineration fly ash by thermal desorption and carbon neutralization, and CO-containing gas circulating in a multistage carbon neutralization device2The medium can react with calcium and magnesium in the slurry after washing to generate carbonate, can replace a medicament to realize hardness adjustment, reduce the use amount of the medicament, and realize the purpose of carbon emission reduction while meeting the requirements of harmless and recycling treatment of fly ash.
The purpose of the utility model is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a system for treating incineration fly ash through thermal desorption and carbon neutralization cooperation comprises a dioxin thermal desorption device, a washing dechlorination device, a multistage carbon neutralization device, a solid-liquid separation device, a heavy metal solidification device, an evaporation crystallization salt separation device and a heat exchange device; an incineration fly ash outlet of the dioxin thermal desorption device is connected with an incineration fly ash inlet of the washing dechlorination device; the slurry outlet of the water washing dechlorination device is connected with the slurry inlet of the multistage carbon neutralization device, and the multistage carbon neutralization device contains CO2Medium inlet and heat exchanger containing CO2The carbon neutralizing medium outlet of the multistage carbon neutralizing device is connected with the carbon neutralizing medium inlet of the heat exchange device; the slurry outlet of the multistage carbon neutralization device is connected with the slurry inlet of the solid-liquid separation device; a solution outlet of the solid-liquid separation device is connected with a solution inlet of the heavy metal solidification device, and a solution outlet of the heavy metal solidification device is connected with a solution inlet of the evaporative crystallization salt separation device; the condensed water outlet of the evaporative crystallization salt separation device is connected with the condensed water inlet of the water chlorine elution device.
Further, the CO-containing component2The medium is industrial production flue gas, agricultural production flue gas, garbage and hazardous waste incineration system flue gas or industrial high-purity CO2One or more than two of, CO2The concentration is 5-100%.
Still further, the heat exchange device is one or a combination of more than two of a flue gas heat exchanger, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger or a plate heat exchanger.
Further, the solid-liquid separation device is a filter press or a centrifuge.
Still further, the evaporation crystallization salt separation device is an MVR evaporator and/or a multi-effect evaporator.
Further, the multistage carbon neutralization unit is one or a combination of more than two of an aeration tank, an absorption tower or a scrubber.
The process for treating incineration fly ash by thermal desorption and carbon neutralization comprises the following steps:
1) the incineration fly ash enters a dioxin thermal desorption device, the dioxin is removed after heating, and the incineration fly ash is transported to a washing dechlorination device;
2) the incineration fly ash with dioxin removed in the step 1) enters a washing dechlorinating device, and slurry is collected after washing treatment;
3) the heat exchange device will contain CO2The medium is heated and then led to a multistage carbon neutralization device, the slurry collected in the step 2) is led to a multistage carbon neutralization unit, and the slurry and CO-containing substances in the multistage carbon neutralization device2The medium is fully contacted and reacted, and the carbon is neutralized to generate calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate precipitates; wherein, after the reaction, CO is contained2The medium is changed into carbon neutralization medium and is conveyed back to the heat exchange device for treatment;
4) introducing the slurry reacted in the step 3) into a solid-liquid separation device, and separating precipitates and solution;
5) introducing the solution obtained by separation in the step 4) into a heavy metal curing device, adding a heavy metal curing agent and a flocculating agent, and adjusting the pH to 7.0-8.0; wherein the heavy metal curing agent is one of xanthate, dithiocarbamate and derivatives thereof or Na2S, and can cure heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, mercury, copper, zinc, manganese, nickel, iron, etc. The flocculating agent is PAC and/or PAM, and the reagent for adjusting the pH is hydrochloric acid solution.
6) And (3) conveying the solution treated in the step 5) to an evaporative crystallization salt separation device, and separating to obtain sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
The thermal desorption and carbon neutralization process for treating incineration fly ash includes anaerobic thermal dioxin elimination, water washing for dechlorination, CO elimination2The process route of decalcification and magnesium removal, heavy metal solidification and evaporative crystallization salt separation is characterized in that a large amount of reagent is not required to be added to remove calcium and magnesium ions when the slurry after water washing is treated, and CO is contained2The medium neutralizes the pH of the slurry after water washing, greatly reduces the addition of a hardness adjusting agent, reduces the operation cost, effectively reduces the difficulty of separating salt by evaporation and crystallization, and improves the quality of recovered industrial salt. Containing CO2The medium can be directly taken from the smoke of the incineration system, the treatment process is simple, the investment is low, the operation cost is low, the incineration system is not influenced, and the harmless and recycling treatment of the incineration fly ash is realized on site.
Further, in the step 1), the heating temperature is 400-600 ℃, and the heating time is 30-60 min.
Further, in the step 2), the mass ratio of the water used for washing treatment to the incineration fly ash is 2-5: 1.
further, in step 3), CO is contained2The mass ratio of the mass of CO2 contained in the medium to the mass of the incineration fly ash put in the step 1) is 0.2-0.5: 1, the reaction time is 0.5-4 h, and the pH of the slurry after the reaction is 6.5-9.5.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:
after the incineration fly ash enters a thermal dioxin removal device, the incineration fly ash is subjected to desorption and decomposition by a heating mode under an anaerobic condition, the incineration fly ash continuously enters a water washing dechlorination device, is washed to form slurry, then enters a multi-stage carbon neutralization device, and contains CO2After the heat exchange of the medium is carried out by the heat exchange unit, the medium and the water washing slurry are subjected to multistage contact reaction, and CO in the medium2Reacts with calcium, magnesium and the like in the slurry after washing to generate CaCO3And MgCO3Precipitating, neutralizing the pH value of the slurry after water washing, realizing calcium and magnesium removal, reducing the hardness of the slurry after water washing, and achieving the purpose of carbon neutralization. And (3) feeding the slurry after carbon neutralization into a solid-liquid separation device, separating precipitates and solution, feeding the solution into a heavy metal solidification device, removing heavy metals such as mercury and lead in the solution, feeding the solution into an evaporation crystallization salt separation device, and recovering to obtain industrial sodium chloride and potassium chloride so as to realize resource utilization. The system for treating incineration fly ash through thermal desorption and carbon neutralization provided by the utility model achieves the purposes of fly ash harmless and recycling treatment and carbon emission reduction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, and it should be noted that any combination of the embodiments or technical features described below can be used to form a new embodiment without conflict.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a system for thermal desorption and carbon neutralization treatment of incineration fly ash comprises a dioxin thermal desorption device, a washing dechlorination device, a multistage carbon neutralization device, a solid-liquid separation device, a heavy metal solidification device, an evaporation crystallization salt separation device and a heat exchange device; an incineration fly ash outlet of the dioxin thermal desorption device is connected with an incineration fly ash inlet of the washing dechlorination device; the slurry outlet of the water washing dechlorination device is connected with the slurry inlet of the multistage carbon neutralization device, and the multistage carbon neutralization device contains CO2Medium inlet and heat exchanger containing CO2The carbon neutralizing medium outlet of the multistage carbon neutralizing device is connected with the carbon neutralizing medium inlet of the heat exchange device; the slurry outlet of the multistage carbon neutralization device is connected with the slurry inlet of the solid-liquid separation device; a solution outlet of the solid-liquid separation device is connected with a solution inlet of the heavy metal solidification device, and a solution outlet of the heavy metal solidification device is connected with a solution inlet of the evaporative crystallization salt separation device; the condensed water outlet of the evaporative crystallization salt separation device is connected with the condensed water inlet of the water chlorine elution device.
Specifically, the heat exchange device is a flue gas heat exchanger (GGH heat exchanger). The solid-liquid separation device is a centrifugal machine. The multistage carbon neutralization unit is an absorption tower. The evaporation crystallization salt separation device is an MVR evaporator.
A process of a system for treating incineration fly ash by thermal desorption and carbon neutralization, which comprises the following steps:
1) the incineration fly ash enters a dioxin thermal desorption device, the dioxin is removed after heating, and the incineration fly ash is transported to a washing dechlorination device; the incineration fly ash enters a dioxin thermal desorption device through a spiral conveying device, the fly ash is heated to 500 ℃ under the anaerobic condition, and the retention time is 40 min.
2) The water added in the washing dechlorination unit is condensed water after salt separation of the evaporative crystallization salt separation unit, and the mass ratio of the water to the incineration fly ash is controlled to be 4: 1, washing for three times, and collecting slurry;
3) introducing high-temperature flue gas subjected to deacidification treatment of an incineration system into a multistage carbon neutralization device, wherein CO in the flue gas2The content is 10%The flue gas enters an absorption tower after being subjected to heat exchange and temperature reduction through a GGH heat exchanger, and is in full contact reaction with slurry in the absorption tower to generate calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate precipitates; wherein, CO contained in the introduced flue gas2The mass ratio of the fly ash to the fly ash is 0.4: 1, the reaction time is 3h, and the pH of the neutralized slurry is 8. CO in residual flue gas (carbon neutralization medium) after neutralization2The content is 4 percent, and the smoke is heated by a GGH heat exchanger and then is introduced into a smoke treatment unit of an incineration system again. Converted to absorb 0.24 ton CO per ton fly ash2The aim of carbon emission reduction is fulfilled;
4) the neutralized slurry enters a solid-liquid separation device through a pump, a centrifuge is selected to separate dechlorination tailings and water washing liquid, the dechlorination tailings are used as building materials after being dried and detected to reach the standard, and the solution enters a heavy metal solidification device;
5) and (3) introducing the solution obtained by the separation in the step (4) into a heavy metal solidification device, and adding a heavy metal curing agent (dithiocarbamate derivatives) and a flocculating agent (PAC and PAM) into the solution in the heavy metal solidification device to further solidify calcium and magnesium and other heavy metals in the washing liquid. And adjusting the pH of the solidified water washing liquid to 7.5 by adding hydrochloric acid, and then sending the water washing liquid into an MVR evaporator to separate out industrial sodium chloride and potassium chloride products.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, a system for thermal desorption and carbon neutralization treatment of incineration fly ash comprises a dioxin thermal desorption device, a washing dechlorination device, a multistage carbon neutralization device, a solid-liquid separation device, a heavy metal solidification device, an evaporation crystallization salt separation device, a heat exchange device and an incinerator;
a tail gas outlet of the dioxin thermal desorption device is connected with a tail gas inlet of the incinerator, and an incineration fly ash outlet of the dioxin thermal desorption device is connected with an incineration fly ash inlet of the washing dechlorination device; the slurry outlet of the water washing dechlorination device is connected with the slurry inlet of the multistage carbon neutralization device, and the multistage carbon neutralization device contains CO2Medium inlet and heat exchanger containing CO2The carbon neutralizing medium outlet of the multistage carbon neutralizing device is connected with the carbon neutralizing medium inlet of the heat exchange device; the slurry outlet of the multistage carbon neutralization device is connected with the slurry inlet of the solid-liquid separation device; solid-liquid separationA solution outlet of the device is connected with a solution inlet of the heavy metal solidification device, and a solution outlet of the heavy metal solidification device is connected with a solution inlet of the evaporative crystallization salt separation device; the condensed water outlet of the evaporative crystallization salt separation device is connected with the condensed water inlet of the water chlorine elution device. The device also comprises a spiral conveying device, and an incineration fly ash outlet of the spiral conveying device is connected with an incineration fly ash inlet of the dioxin thermal desorption device.
Specifically, the heat exchange device is a plate heat exchanger. The solid-liquid separation device is a centrifugal machine. The multistage carbon neutralization unit is a three-stage aeration tank. The evaporative crystallization salt separation device is a triple-effect evaporator.
A process of a system for treating incineration fly ash by thermal desorption and carbon neutralization, which comprises the following steps:
1) the incineration fly ash enters a dioxin thermal desorption device through a spiral conveying device, dioxin is removed after heating, and the incineration fly ash is conveyed to a washing dechlorination device; the incineration fly ash enters a dioxin thermal desorption device through a spiral conveying device, the fly ash is heated to 450 ℃ under the anaerobic condition, the retention time is 1h, and tail gas generated in the incineration process is introduced into an incinerator through a fan;
2) the water added in the washing dechlorination unit is condensed water after salt separation of the evaporative crystallization salt separation unit, and the mass ratio of the water to the incineration fly ash is controlled to be 2.5: 1, washing for three times, and collecting slurry;
3) introducing industrial carbon dioxide with the purity of 99% into the multistage carbon neutralization device, introducing flue gas from the bottom of the three-stage aeration tank after heat exchange by the plate heat exchanger, and fully contacting and reacting with slurry in the three-stage aeration tank to generate calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate precipitates; wherein, CO contained in the introduced flue gas2The mass ratio of the fly ash to the fly ash is 0.2: 1, the reaction time is 1h, and the pH of the neutralized slurry is 7.5. After neutralization, carbon neutralizes CO in the medium2The content is remained 20%. Converted to absorb 0.158 ton CO per ton fly ash2The aim of carbon emission reduction is fulfilled;
4) the neutralized slurry enters a solid-liquid separation device through a pump, a centrifuge is selected to separate dechlorination tailings and water washing liquid, the dechlorination tailings are dried and detected to reach the standard to be used as bricks for preparing ceramics, and the solution enters a heavy metal solidification device;
5) introducing the solution obtained by separation in the step 4) into a heavy metal curing device, and adding a heavy metal curing agent (Na) into the solution in the heavy metal curing device2S), flocculants (PAC and PAM) to further solidify calcium magnesium and other heavy metals in the aqueous wash. And adjusting the pH of the solidified water washing liquid to 7.0 by adding hydrochloric acid, and sending the water washing liquid into a triple-effect evaporator to separate industrial sodium chloride and potassium chloride products.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from the system of example 1 in that: comparative example 1 did not contain a multistage carbon neutralization apparatus. Comparative example 1 the process was selected to incorporate sodium carbonate instead of CO2The medium is used for removing calcium and magnesium ions. Comparative example 1 the same batch of incineration fly ash of the same treatment amount was treated as in example 1.
Comparison of Performance
Example 1 and comparative example 1 each treated one ton of fly ash burned in the same production area, respectively, and the contents of sodium chloride and potassium chloride obtained in comparative example 1 and example 1 were defined to be similar, and the amounts of the other reagents added were as shown in table 1:
table 1 example 1 and comparative example 1 cases of treating incineration fly ash
As can be seen from Table 1, in comparative example 1, 0.58t of Na was added2CO3The reagent can remove calcium and magnesium ions, and the example 1 treats the slurry after water washing by arranging a multi-stage carbon neutralization device and passing through a CO-containing system2The medium neutralizes the pH value of the slurry after water washing and removes calcium and magnesium ions in the slurry, so that the addition amount of a hardness adjusting agent is greatly reduced, the operation cost is reduced, the difficulty of salt separation by evaporation and crystallization is effectively reduced, and the quality of the recovered industrial salt is improved.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A system for thermal desorption and carbon neutralization treatment of incineration fly ash is characterized by comprising a dioxin thermal desorption device, a washing dechlorination device, a multistage carbon neutralization device, a solid-liquid separation device, a heavy metal solidification device, an evaporation crystallization salt separation device and a heat exchange device; an incineration fly ash outlet of the dioxin thermal desorption device is connected with an incineration fly ash inlet of the washing dechlorination device; the slurry outlet of the water washing dechlorination device is connected with the slurry inlet of the multistage carbon neutralization device, and the multistage carbon neutralization device contains CO2Medium inlet and heat exchanger containing CO2The carbon neutralizing medium outlet of the multistage carbon neutralizing device is connected with the carbon neutralizing medium inlet of the heat exchange device; the slurry outlet of the multistage carbon neutralization device is connected with the slurry inlet of the solid-liquid separation device; a solution outlet of the solid-liquid separation device is connected with a solution inlet of the heavy metal solidification device, and a solution outlet of the heavy metal solidification device is connected with a solution inlet of the evaporative crystallization salt separation device; the condensed water outlet of the evaporative crystallization salt separation device is connected with the condensed water inlet of the water chlorine elution device.
2. The system for thermal desorption-carbon neutralization treatment of incineration fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the CO-containing system comprises2The medium is industrial production flue gas, agricultural production flue gas, garbage and hazardous waste incineration system flue gas or industrial high-purity CO2One kind of (1).
3. The system for thermal desorption-carbon neutralization treatment of incineration fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchange device is one or a combination of more than two of a flue gas heat exchanger, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger or a plate heat exchanger.
4. The system for thermal desorption-carbon neutralization treatment of incineration fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the solid-liquid separation device is a filter press or a centrifuge.
5. The system for thermal desorption-carbon neutralization treatment of incineration fly ash in coordination with carbon neutralization according to claim 1, wherein the evaporative crystallization salt separation device is an MVR evaporator and/or a multi-effect evaporator.
6. The system for treating incineration fly ash through thermal desorption and carbon neutralization in coordination with the claim 1, wherein the multistage carbon neutralization unit is one or a combination of more than two of an aeration tank, an absorption tower or a scrubbing tower.
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