CN215593132U - Quenching quick cooling chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

The quenching quick-cooling chamber is provided with a furnace shell, wherein a support is arranged in the furnace shell, and a plurality of workpieces are uniformly placed on the support; an air cooling device and a spray cooling device are arranged above and below the support, a non-contact water-cooling heat exchange device is arranged in the furnace shell, and the air cooling device, the spray cooling device and the non-contact water-cooling heat exchange device are combined to cool the workpiece at will. The utility model adopts a cooling mode of arbitrary combination of air cooling, spraying and non-contact water cooling heat exchange, realizes the industrialized and mass quenching and cooling production of large-size long-axis parts such as railway frog point rails and the like, and has the advantages of deformation prevention, high efficiency, more economy and practicability, and stable and reliable quenching quality.

Description

Quenching quick cooling chamber

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of quenching heat treatment equipment for metallurgical metal materials, and particularly relates to a quenching quick-cooling chamber.

Background

Due to the excellent combination of strength and toughness, the bainite alloy steel is widely applied to occasions requiring high strength, high hardness and high toughness, such as locomotive bearings, frog point rails and the like. The optimal heat treatment process of the bainite steel is isothermal heat treatment in a salt bath furnace, and the optimal use performance can be stably obtained. However, the large size of the center rail greatly increases the time required for salt bath treatment, which results in low labor efficiency and high production cost. Therefore, the isothermal treatment mode of the salt bath furnace is only suitable for small parts and is not suitable for industrial batch production of large-size long-shaft parts such as railway frog point rails and the like.

At present, no special quenching and quick cooling equipment exists in the bainite steel frog point rail heat treatment technology. The conventional method is that after the heart rail is heated to austenitize, the heart rail is taken out of a furnace and hung or flatly placed in indoor open environments such as a bracket, a material cushion and the like, and an axial flow fan is adopted to blow strong wind for continuous cooling. The adjustable range of the cooling speed is small, the influence of the ambient temperature is large, and the consistency of the product quality is poor.

In the design of quenching cooling equipment combining three quenching cooling modes of air cooling, water cooling and spraying, the spraying water cooling mode leads to rapid cooling of the surface of a workpiece due to the fact that the specific heat capacity of water is large and the workpiece is directly contacted with water in the quenching process, so that the workpiece inevitably generates heat treatment deformation problems such as distortion and lateral bending due to too large core surface temperature difference, straightening treatment is needed, working procedures are increased invisibly, the deformation is uncontrollable, and the quality stability of products is poor. In view of this, the following improvement is proposed.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The technical problems solved by the utility model are as follows: the quenching quick-cooling chamber adopts a cooling mode of random combination of air cooling, spraying and non-contact water cooling heat exchange, and solves the technical problems of industrialized, large-batch, deformation-prevention, high-efficiency and stable-quality quenching cooling production of large-size long-shaft parts such as railway frog point rails and the like.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows: the quenching quick-cooling chamber is provided with a furnace shell and a furnace door, wherein a bracket is arranged in the furnace shell and is used for uniformly placing a plurality of workpieces; an air cooling device and a spray cooling device are arranged above and below the support, a non-contact water-cooling heat exchange device is arranged in the furnace shell, and the air cooling device, the spray cooling device and the non-contact water-cooling heat exchange device are combined to cool a workpiece on the support at will.

In the above technical solution, further: the air cooling device is provided with a centrifugal fan which is a variable-frequency centrifugal fan; the air inlet end of the centrifugal fan is connected with a cold air inlet pipe, and a cold air inlet pipe 32 is connected with an upper air box and a lower air box; the air inlet of the upper air box is arranged over the bracket, and the air supply size of the air inlet of the upper air box is larger than or equal to the size of the bracket; the air port of the lower air box is arranged right below the bracket, and the air supply size of the air port of the lower air box is larger than or equal to the size of the bracket; the air outlet end of the centrifugal fan is connected with an exhaust pipe.

In the above technical solution, further: the air cooling device is provided with a four-way valve, one end of the four-way valve is connected with a cold air inlet pipe, and the other end of the four-way valve is connected with an air inlet end of the centrifugal fan; the other two ends of the four-way valve are respectively connected with the upper wind box and the lower wind box; be equipped with the switching-over valve plate in the cross valve, the switching-over valve plate trades forward: the upper air box and the lower air box blow air from top to bottom for cooling; after the reversing valve plate is reversed, the upper air box and the lower air box are cooled by blowing from bottom to top.

In the above technical solution, further: the reversing valve plate is a valve plate structure which rotates in a fixed shaft manner in a valve cavity of the four-way valve; the reversing valve plate sets reversing interval time through a PLC controller.

In the above technical solution, further: the upper air box and the lower air box are respectively provided with a plurality of subarea air ports with equal number, and each subarea air port is respectively provided with an independent air valve switch I and an independent air valve I; the air valve switch I controls the opening and closing time through a PLC (programmable logic controller); and the air valve I controls the air quantity through a PLC.

In the above technical solution, further: the air cooling device is provided with a hot air inlet pipe; one end of the hot air inlet pipe is communicated with the cold air inlet pipe; the other end of the hot air inlet pipe is communicated with an exhaust pipe; and an air valve switch II and an air valve II of the hot air inlet pipe are arranged in the hot air inlet pipe.

In the above technical solution, further: the non-contact water-cooling heat exchange device is provided with a water-cooling heat exchange plate; the water-cooling heat exchange plate is of a hollow thin plate cavity structure with circulating water communicated inside; the water-cooling heat exchange plates are arranged at equal intervals along the horizontal direction, the number of the water-cooling heat exchange plates is N +1, and N is the number of the processed workpieces; and water-cooling heat exchange plates are arranged on two sides of each workpiece.

In the above technical solution, further: the water-cooling heat exchange device is provided with a lifting mechanism, and the lifting tail end of the lifting mechanism is fixedly connected with a water-cooling heat exchange plate to drive the water-cooling heat exchange plate to lift; the water-cooled heat exchange plate is suspended at the lower part of the spray cooling device above the water-cooled heat exchange plate in a non-working state; the lifting mechanism controls the lifting time of the water-cooling heat exchange plate and the keeping time of the water-cooling heat exchange plate in the lifting or falling position through the PLC.

In the above technical solution, further: the furnace shell is provided with a lifting furnace door; the furnace door is lifted and lifted through a furnace door lifting chain, and the chain is engaged with a chain wheel transmission mechanism; the chain wheel transmission mechanism is driven to run by a driving motor; rollers are arranged on two sides of the furnace door; guide rails are arranged on two sides of the furnace shell; the roller wheel is matched with the guide rail in a rolling friction manner to realize the vertical linear lifting of the furnace door; the lifting furnace door is provided with a furnace door lifting counterweight block.

In the above technical solution, further: the spray cooling device is provided with a plurality of upper spray nozzles and a plurality of lower spray nozzles which are equal in number; the upper spraying nozzle is arranged at the lower part of an air port of the air cooling device at the upper part, and the lower spraying nozzle is arranged between the air cooling device at the lower part and the bracket; the upper spraying nozzle and the lower spraying nozzle are opposite up and down and are uniformly distributed along the transverse direction at equal intervals; each spray nozzle is provided with an electromagnetic valve, each spray nozzle is a pulse spray nozzle, the pulse spray nozzles supply cold air for the nozzles by connecting a spray nozzle air-cooling pipeline, and the cold air is mixed with water and air of a spray water supply pipeline of the spray nozzles to realize pulse spraying, and the spray nozzle air-cooling pipeline is provided with a spray nozzle air-cooling valve; the PLC controller controls the upper spraying nozzle and the lower spraying nozzle to alternately spray in a pulse mode or spray in a pulse mode simultaneously; the PLC controller controls the starting time and the starting duration of the pulse spraying of the upper spraying nozzle and the lower spraying nozzle.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that:

1. the non-contact water-cooling heat exchange technology provided by the utility model utilizes the rapid heat exchange capacity of circulating water, adopts the non-contact water-cooling heat exchange device to absorb the radiant heat of the workpiece, meets the quenching cooling speed requirement of the workpiece, can effectively avoid the problem of heat treatment deformation of the workpiece caused by overlarge core surface temperature difference compared with the contact water-cooling technology, and has the characteristics of stable process, simplicity and convenience in operation, small deformation, good quality and the like.

2. The air cooling device adopts an up-down reversing cooling mode, and compared with a non-reversing air cooling mode, the air cooling device can ensure that the upper surface and the lower surface of the workpiece can be cooled at relatively uniform cooling speed, and the problem of workpiece deformation caused by overlarge difference of the cooling speed of the upper surface and the lower surface is avoided.

3. The utility model adopts the pulse type spray cooling device connected with the gas source, can effectively reduce the temperature difference of the core surface of the workpiece, and can ensure that the performance index of the cross section of the workpiece after heat treatment is more uniform while reducing the deformation of heat treatment.

4. The method adopts a mode of randomly combining three cooling modes of heat exchange, air cooling and spraying to meet the cooling speed requirements required by different stages of high temperature, medium temperature and low temperature in the quenching process of the bainite frog steel for combined cooling, realizes the diversification of the cooling speed adjusting mode, can obtain bainite tissues (lath-shaped/granular) with different forms through the control of technological means, and finally can obtain different mechanical performance indexes; the wide adjustment of different cooling speeds in the quenching and cooling process of workpieces such as a bainite alloy steel frog center rail, a wing rail insert and the like is realized; for example, the combination of air cooling and non-contact cooling water absorption of the radiation heat of the frog point rail improves the cooling speed of the bainite steel frog point rail at a high-temperature stage, and avoids the generation of eutectoid ferrite in the structure transformation process of the frog point rail; the combination of air cooling and spraying improves the cooling speed adjusting range of the bainite frog point rail in the quenching and cooling medium temperature stage, and bainite tissues (lath-shaped/granular) with different forms can be obtained through the control of technological means, so that different mechanical performance indexes can be finally obtained.

5. According to the utility model, different wind speeds are set in the left, middle and right subareas according to different thickness sections along the length direction of the frog point rail, so that uniform cooling of different sections of the bainite steel frog point rail is realized; further ensuring that the tissue form and the mechanical performance index are more balanced in the full-length range of the frog point rail; the problem of the air cooling rapid cooling in-process different cross-section difference in temperature is big is solved, performance difference appears in the different position thermal treatment, realizes that the position ability homoenergetic that the heart rail is in different subregion can accomplish the quenching cooling process with the relatively even cooling rate, obtains the product that different position performance uniformity is good.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of the working principle of air cooling, spraying and heat exchange cooling of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side perspective view of the working principle of the present invention in combination with top-down air supply and cooling and heat exchange cooling;

FIG. 3 is a schematic top perspective view of a four-way valve for reversing air supply in the air cooling device of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the lifting principle of the oven door of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged detail schematic structural view of the non-contact water-cooled heat exchange device in FIG. 2 when the water-cooled heat exchange plate is lowered in place;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the pneumatic system of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the pulsed spray cooling of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a control circuit diagram of one embodiment of three cooling modes of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a frequency conversion control circuit of the centrifugal fan of the air cooling device according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a control circuit diagram of the four-way valve of the air cooling device of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a control circuit diagram of a partition tuyere blast gate switch I and a blast gate valve I according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 shows an embodiment of a partitioned tuyere of an air cooling device when the workpiece is a frog point rail.

In the figure: 1-furnace shell, 2-bracket, 3-air cooling device, 4-spray cooling device, 5-non-contact water cooling heat exchange device; 31-a centrifugal fan, 32-a cold air inlet pipe, 33-an upper air box, 34-a lower air box, 35-an exhaust pipe, 36-a four-way valve and 361-a reversing valve plate; 331-subarea tuyere, 37-hot air inlet pipe; 51-water-cooled heat exchange plates; 61-chain, 62-chain wheel transmission mechanism, 63-driving motor, 64-oven door lifting counterweight block, 65-roller and 66-guide rail; 41-upper spray nozzle, 42-lower spray nozzle, 43-water tank, 431-water level perspective window, 44-tap water pipeline valve, 45-overflow valve, 46-blow-down valve, 47-fog nozzle air cooling pipeline, 48-spray water supply pipeline; 7-confluence plate, 8-four-way valve cylinder, 9-water cooling plate cylinder and 10-pulse spray nozzle air cooling valve.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to fig. 1 to 11 in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

(as shown in figure 1 and figure 4) the quenching quick-cooling chamber is provided with a furnace shell 1 and a furnace door 6, wherein a bracket 2 is arranged in the furnace shell 1, and a plurality of workpieces are uniformly placed on the bracket 2.

The support 2 is made of a plurality of I-shaped steels which are uniformly spaced and parallel, the length directions of the I-shaped steels are perpendicular to the length direction of the workpiece to be quenched, and the I-shaped steel supports 2 share the bearing capacity of placing a plurality of workpieces to be quenched which are uniformly spaced and parallel.

An air cooling device 3 and a spray cooling device 4 are arranged above and below the support 2, and a non-contact water-cooling heat exchange device 5 (shown in figure 2) is arranged in the furnace shell 1. The air cooling device 3, the spray cooling device 4 and the non-contact water-cooling heat exchange device 5 are combined to cool the workpiece on the bracket 2 at will.

The utility model adopts the mode of combining the heat exchange, the air cooling and the spraying at will to meet the cooling speed requirements required by the bainite frog steel in different stages of high temperature, medium temperature and low temperature in the quenching process, thereby realizing the diversification of the cooling speed adjusting mode.

Bainite structures (lath-shaped/granular) with different forms can be obtained through control of a process means, different mechanical performance indexes can be finally obtained, and wide adjustment of different cooling speeds in the quenching and cooling process of workpieces such as bainite alloy steel frog center rails, wing rail inserts and the like is realized.

In the above embodiment, further: the air cooling device 3 is provided with a centrifugal fan 31, and the centrifugal fan 31 is a variable-frequency centrifugal fan; the frequency conversion type centrifugal fan has the effects of energy conservation and consumption reduction.

The air inlet end of the centrifugal fan 31 is connected with a cold air inlet pipe 32, and the cold air inlet pipe 32 is connected with an upper air box 33 and a lower air box 34. And (5) supplying air from top to bottom for cooling, and uniformly cooling.

An air port of the upper air box 33 is arranged over the bracket 2, and the air supply size of the air port of the upper air box 33 is larger than or equal to the size of the bracket 2; the air port of the lower air box 34 is arranged right below the bracket 2, and the air supply size of the air port of the lower air box 34 is larger than or equal to that of the bracket 2, so that the air supply cooling for covering all the workpieces is realized.

The air outlet end of the centrifugal fan 31 is connected with an exhaust pipe 35 to establish cold air circulation.

(as shown in fig. 3) in the above embodiment, further: the air cooling device 3 is provided with a four-way valve 36, one end of the four-way valve 36 is connected with the cold air inlet pipe 32, and the other end of the four-way valve 36 is connected with the air inlet end of the centrifugal fan 31; the other ends of the four-way valve 36 are connected to the upper and lower bellows 33 and 34, respectively. A reversing valve plate 361 is arranged in the four-way valve 36, and before the reversing valve plate 361 reverses: the upper air box 33 and the lower air box 34 are cooled by blowing air from top to bottom; after the reversing valve plate 361 is reversed, the upper air box 33 and the lower air box 34 are cooled by blowing from bottom to top.

The air cooling device realizes the up-down reversing cooling mode through the four-way valve 36 and the reversing valve plate 361, and compared with the non-reversing air cooling mode, the air cooling device can ensure that the upper surface and the lower surface of a workpiece can be cooled at relatively uniform cooling speed, and avoid the problem of overlarge difference of the hardness of the surface of the workpiece caused by overlarge difference of the cooling speed of the upper surface and the lower surface. Meanwhile, the upper surface and the lower surface of the center rail are uniformly cooled in the whole quenching and cooling process of the bainite steel frog center rail, and the upper deformation and the lower deformation of the center rail can be effectively reduced.

In the above embodiment, further: the reversing valve plate 361 is a valve plate structure which rotates in a fixed shaft manner in the valve cavity of the four-way valve 36; the reversing valve plate 361 sets the reversing interval time by a PLC controller.

Specifically, the reversing valve plate 361 pushes the reversing valve plate 361 to rotate in the cavity of the four-way valve 36 through the four-way valve cylinder 8 shown in fig. 6, so as to realize reversing air supply.

In the above embodiment, further: the upper air box 33 and the lower air box 34 are respectively provided with a plurality of subarea air ports 331 with the same number, and each subarea air port 331 is respectively provided with an independent air valve switch I and an independent air valve I; the air valve switch I controls the opening and closing time through a PLC (programmable logic controller); and the air valve I controls the air quantity through a PLC.

Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: in the whole process of quenching cooling, along the length direction of frog point rail, according to different thickness cross sections, three zones are divided to set different wind speeds, and the cooling speed is set in zones according to the temperature difference of different cross sections in the whole cooling process, so that the problem of large temperature difference of different cross sections in the rapid cooling process is solved. In the height direction of the frog point rail, the uniform cooling of the upper surface and the lower surface of the frog point rail is realized by adopting a mode of air blowing and cooling in an up-and-down reversing manner.

The purpose of zone cooling is as follows: the width along the different cross-sections of length direction department is different, if do not have the subregion, the cooling of wholly unified blowing leads to different cross-sections department because of the size difference certainly, leads to own heat different, cooling rate different, just also leads to the performance after final heat treatment to have the difference. The utility model is in the rapid cooling chamber, along the length direction of the core rail, divide into multiple subareas, when the rapid cooling begins, the multiple subarea air valve switches I are all opened to supply air, when the cooling speed difference value of the surface of the core rail of different subareas reaches the process set value, the pulse type air blowing is carried out by closing the air valve switch I of the subarea with larger cooling speed for a short time and then opening, thereby realizing that the part of the core rail in different subareas can finish the quenching cooling process at relatively uniform cooling speed.

Therefore, the utility model sets different wind speeds in different zones according to different thickness sections along the length direction of the frog point rail, solves the problem of large temperature difference of different sections in the air cooling and quick cooling process, avoids performance difference caused by heat treatment at different positions, realizes that the parts of the point rail in different zones can finish the quenching and cooling process at relatively uniform cooling speed, and obtains products with excellent performance consistency of different parts.

In the above embodiment, further: the air cooling device 3 has a hot air introducing pipe 37; one end of the hot air inlet pipe 37 is communicated with the cold air inlet pipe 32; the other end of the hot air introducing pipe 37 is communicated with the exhaust pipe 35; an air valve switch II and an air valve II of the hot air inlet pipe 37 are arranged in the hot air inlet pipe 37.

When the air valve switch II of the hot air inlet pipe 37 is closed in a working state, no air flow enters the hot air inlet pipe 37, and when the air valve switch II is opened, the cold air inlet pipe 32 is under negative pressure, so that hot air is introduced into the cold air inlet pipe 32 from the exhaust pipe 35 through the hot air inlet pipe 37, and the hot air is introduced into the rapid cooling chamber, so that the aim of raising the air temperature can be achieved when necessary.

This technical scheme connects blast pipe 35 through hot-blast inlet tube 37 and provides the temperature rise for the air-cooled cooling with the hot-blast in the blast pipe, has and saves special heating device, economic, energy-conserving advantage.

(as shown in fig. 2 and 5) in the above embodiment, further: the non-contact water-cooling heat exchange device 5 is provided with a water-cooling heat exchange plate 51; the water-cooling heat exchange plate 51 is a hollow thin plate cavity structure with circulating water communicated inside; in particular, the cavity may be of an inverted U-shaped configuration.

The number of the water-cooling heat exchange plates 51 is N +1, and N is the number of the processed workpieces; the water-cooling heat exchange plates 51 are arranged on the two sides of each workpiece, so that the water-cooling heat exchange plates 51 are arranged on the left side and the right side of each workpiece, the cooling speed of the two sides of each workpiece is basically consistent, and the left deformation and the right deformation of each workpiece can be reduced.

In the above embodiment, further: the water-cooling heat exchange device 5 is provided with a lifting mechanism, and the lifting tail end of the lifting mechanism is fixedly connected with a water-cooling heat exchange plate 51 to drive the water-cooling heat exchange plate 51 to lift; the water-cooled heat exchange plate 51 is suspended from the lower part of the spray cooling device 4 above in the non-operating state.

In addition to this: (see fig. 7) the water-cooled heat exchange device 5 further has a water tank 43 whose water supply pipe is connected to a municipal tap water pipe provided with a tap water pipe valve 44 to supply water.

A water level perspective window 431 is arranged in the middle of the water tank 43, and the water level perspective window 431 is used for monitoring whether the water level is suitable in real time.

The water tank 43 is connected with an overflow pipeline, and an overflow valve 45 is arranged on the overflow pipeline. The bottom of the water tank 43 is provided with a sewage conduit provided with a sewage valve 46 for discharging sediment.

A water outlet end of the water tank 43 is provided with a spray water supply pipeline 48 which is communicated with a fog nozzle air cooling pipeline 47; the pulse spray mist nozzle air-cooling valve 10 shown in fig. 6 is provided in the mist nozzle air-cooling duct 47, and after the pulse spray mist nozzle air-cooling valve 10 is opened, a pulse air flow is supplied to the spray cooling device.

It should be noted that: air supply principle of the mist nozzle air-cooling duct 47 is shown in fig. 6: the fog nozzle air cooling pipeline 47 is connected with a compressed air source, the compressed air source distributes air through the confluence plate 7, the confluence plate 7 is connected with the four-way valve cylinder 8 through a pipeline connected with a distribution hole of the confluence plate, and the four-way valve cylinder 8 is driven to act to switch the direction of the valve plate and change the direction of the air supply.

Another flow distribution hole of the confluence plate 7 is connected with a water-cooling plate cylinder 9 through a pipeline, and the water-cooling plate cylinder 9 acts to drive the water-cooling plate to lift and lower the temperature through non-contact water cooling.

Under the working state of the water-cooling heat exchange device 5, for example, the water-cooling heat exchange device falls from top to bottom at the high-temperature stage (the temperature range of 920-650 ℃) of rapid cooling of the bainite alloy steel workpieces, and the radiation heat of the two adjacent workpieces is absorbed by the cooling water circulating inside.

The lifting mechanism of the water-cooled heat exchange plate 51 controls the lifting time of the water-cooled heat exchange plate 51 and the keeping time of the water-cooled heat exchange plate 51 in the lifting or falling position through the PLC controller.

The lifting action of the water-cooled heat exchange plate 51 can be realized by the action of an air cylinder or an oil cylinder.

Specifically, the water-cooled heat exchange plate 51 (as shown in fig. 6) is driven to lift by the action of the water-cooled plate cylinder 9.

The non-contact water-cooling heat exchange technology provided by the utility model can be used for effectively avoiding the problem of heat treatment deformation of the workpiece caused by overlarge core surface temperature difference compared with the contact water-cooling technology while meeting the quenching cooling speed requirement of the workpiece by utilizing the rapid heat exchange capacity of circulating water and absorbing the radiant heat of the workpiece by adopting the non-contact water-cooling heat exchange device. Has the characteristics of stable process, simple and convenient operation, small deformation, good quality and the like.

(as shown in fig. 4) in the above embodiment, further: the furnace shell 1 is provided with a lifting furnace door 6; the oven door 6 is lifted and lowered by an oven door lifting chain 61.

The chain transmission is adopted for lifting, the lifting height meets the requirement, the transmission is stable, and the parking is convenient.

The chain 61 engages the sprocket drive 62; the chain wheel transmission mechanism 62 is driven to run by a driving motor 63; the driving motor 63 is a speed reducing motor, a power output shaft of the speed reducing motor drives a driving chain wheel to rotate, the driving chain wheel is meshed with a chain, and the chain wheel transmission mechanism further comprises a driven chain wheel and a guide chain wheel. The driven chain wheel, the guide chain wheel and the meshed chain are synchronously lifted at the same height through the chain to lift the two sides of the top end of the door body vertically.

Moreover, rollers 65 are arranged on two sides of the furnace door 6; guide rails 66 are arranged on two sides of the furnace shell 1; the roller 65 is in rolling friction fit with the guide rail 66 to realize vertical linear lifting of the oven door 6.

The lifting oven door 6 is provided with an oven door lifting counterweight block 64. The furnace door lifting balancing weight 64 is used for balanced lifting of the furnace door, so that the problem of quick drop is avoided.

In the above embodiment, further: the spray cooling device 4 is provided with a plurality of upper spray nozzles 41 and a plurality of lower spray nozzles 42 which are equal in number; spraying up and down, and cooling at the same temperature.

The upper spray nozzle 41 is provided at the lower part of the air inlet of the air cooling device 3 at the upper part and is not shielded. The lower spray nozzle 42 is disposed between the air cooling device 3 and the support 2 below and is not shielded.

The upper spray nozzle 41 and the lower spray nozzle 42 are opposite up and down and are uniformly distributed along the transverse direction at equal intervals, and the temperature is uniformly reduced.

Each spray nozzle is provided with an electromagnetic valve respectively to control the spraying intervals, such as three intervals or five, four and the like.

And each spray nozzle is a pulse spray nozzle, so that the cooling is efficient and rapid.

The pulse spraying nozzle supplies cold air for the nozzle by connecting the fog nozzle air cooling pipeline 47, thereby realizing pulse spraying by mixing the cold air with the water of the spraying water supply pipeline 48 of the spraying nozzle, and the pulse structure is self-made, and is economical and practical.

The fog nozzle air cooling pipeline 47 is provided with a fog nozzle air cooling valve 10, and the fog nozzle air cooling valve 10 can regulate whether pulse spraying is carried out or not and can be used as required.

The PLC controller controls the upper spray nozzle 41 and the lower spray nozzle 42 to alternately spray pulses or spray pulses simultaneously; the PLC controls the opening time and the opening duration of the pulse spraying of the upper spraying nozzle 41 and the lower spraying nozzle 42.

The utility model adopts the pulse type spray cooling device connected with the gas source, can effectively reduce the temperature difference of the core surface of the workpiece, and can ensure that the performance index of the cross section of the workpiece after heat treatment is more uniform while reducing the deformation of heat treatment.

The working principle of the utility model is as follows: opening a furnace door of a quick cooling chamber, placing workpieces needing quick cooling on a support at a fixed distance, closing the furnace door, manually clicking to start a quick cooling program, and automatically stopping after the quick cooling is finished.

The parameters which can be set by the quick cooling program comprise the rotating speed and the duration of the centrifugal fan; the opening time and the duration of the upper spray nozzle and the lower spray nozzle; the reversing time interval of a valve plate in the four-way valve; the time and duration of closing or opening of the five partitions in the upper air box and the lower air box. The time and duration of the falling of the water-cooled heat exchange plate.

The air cooling, water cooling heat exchange and spraying three systems in the rapid cooling chamber are controlled in an industrial personal computer in a closed loop mode according to time, can work independently or randomly in combination at different stages of quenching and cooling, and realize the wide adjustment of different cooling speeds in the quenching and cooling process of the bainitic alloy steel core rail

The rapid cooling procedure, taking the quenching cooling of six frog point rails as shown in fig. 12 as an example:

high temperature stage (920-: the six frog point rails adopt air cooling and non-contact water cooling heat exchange to absorb the radiation heat of the frog point rails at the high-temperature stage of quenching and cooling.

The method of combining air cooling and non-contact cooling water absorption frog point rail radiation heat improves the cooling speed of the bainite steel frog point rail at a high temperature stage, and avoids the generation of eutectoid ferrite in the structure transformation process of the frog point rail.

Medium temperature stage (650-450 ℃): the six frog point rails are combined by two cooling modes of air cooling and spraying at the medium temperature stage of quenching and cooling. Pulse type uniform spraying is carried out on the upper surface and the lower surface of the point rail, and the wide adjustment of the cooling speed in the temperature area is realized.

The method of combined use of air cooling and spraying improves the cooling speed adjusting range of the bainite frog point rail in the quenching and cooling medium temperature stage, and bainite structures (lath-shaped/granular-shaped) with different forms can be obtained through the control of technological means, so that different mechanical performance indexes can be finally obtained.

Taking the heat treatment process of No. 60-12 frog point rail as an example, in the temperature region, when a single air cooling mode is adopted, the surface cooling speed of the point rail can be controlled between 4-7 ℃ per minute by adjusting the rotating speed of a centrifugal fan, when a single spraying mode is adopted, the surface cooling speed of the point rail can be controlled between 8-15 ℃ per minute by adjusting the spraying duration, and if an air cooling and spraying combined mode is adopted, the cooling speed can be controlled between 8-18 ℃. In conclusion, the cooling speed of the surface of the heart rail under the temperature zone can be controlled within the range of 4-18 ℃/min through different combination and adjustment of three modes.

In the low-temperature stage (450 ℃ -. For example: when the rotation speed of a centrifugal fan of 1100 revolutions is used for continuously supplying air until the surface temperature of the core rail is reduced to 200 ℃, the surface hardness of the finally obtained product can reach more than HRC45, and when the centrifugal fan blows to the surface temperature of the core rail of 300 ℃, the air is stopped, and the surface hardness of the obtained product is HRC 40-42.5.

The three modes of air cooling, non-contact water-cooling radiation heat exchange and spraying are controlled in a PLC (programmable logic controller) industrial personal computer in a closed-loop manner according to time, and work independently or in any combination at different stages of quenching and cooling, so that the wide adjustment of different cooling speeds of workpieces such as bainite alloy steel frog point rails, wing rail inserts and the like in the quenching and cooling process is realized.

From the above description it can be found that: the utility model adopts a cooling mode of arbitrary combination of air cooling, spraying and non-contact water cooling heat exchange, and realizes the industrialized, large-batch, deformation-preventing, high-efficiency, stable-quality, economical and practical quenching cooling production of large-size long-axis parts such as railway frog point rails and the like.

All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. Quenching rapid cooling chamber has stove outer covering (1) and furnace gate (6), its characterized in that: a support (2) is arranged in the furnace shell (1), and a plurality of workpieces are uniformly placed on the support (2); an air cooling device (3) and a spray cooling device (4) are arranged above and below the support (2), and a non-contact water-cooling heat exchange device (5) is arranged in the furnace shell (1); the air cooling device (3), the spray cooling device (4) and the non-contact water-cooling heat exchange device (5) are combined to cool the workpiece on the bracket (2) at will.

2. The quenching rapid cooling chamber of claim 1, characterized in that: the air cooling device (3) is provided with a centrifugal fan (31), and the centrifugal fan (31) is a variable-frequency centrifugal fan; the air inlet end of the centrifugal fan (31) is connected with a cold air inlet pipe (32), and the cold air inlet pipe (32) is connected with an upper air box (33) and a lower air box (34); the air opening of the upper air box (33) is arranged over the bracket (2), and the air supply size of the air opening of the upper air box (33) is more than or equal to the size of the bracket (2); the air opening of the lower air box (34) is arranged right below the bracket (2), and the air supply size of the air opening of the lower air box (34) is more than or equal to the size of the bracket (2); the air outlet end of the centrifugal fan (31) is connected with an exhaust pipe (35).

3. The quenching rapid-cooling chamber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the air cooling device (3) is provided with a four-way valve (36), one end of the four-way valve (36) is connected with a cold air inlet pipe (32), and the other end of the four-way valve (36) is connected with an air inlet end of a centrifugal fan (31); the other two ends of the four-way valve (36) are respectively connected with the upper wind box (33) and the lower wind box (34); be equipped with switching-over valve plate (361) in four-way valve (36), switching-over valve plate (361) are before changing to: the upper air box (33) and the lower air box (34) are blown from top to bottom for cooling; after the reversing valve plate (361) is reversed, the upper air box (33) and the lower air box (34) are blown from bottom to top for cooling.

4. The quenching rapid cooling chamber of claim 3, characterized in that: the reversing valve plate (361) is a valve plate structure which rotates in a fixed shaft manner in a valve cavity of the four-way valve (36); the reversing valve plate (361) sets reversing interval time through a PLC controller.

5. The quenching rapid-cooling chamber according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the upper air box (33) and the lower air box (34) are respectively provided with a plurality of subarea air ports (331) with the same number, and each subarea air port (331) is respectively provided with an independent air valve switch I and an independent air valve I; the air valve switch I controls opening and closing time through a PLC (programmable logic controller); and the air valve I controls the air quantity through a PLC.

6. The quenching rapid-cooling chamber according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the air cooling device (3) is provided with a hot air inlet pipe (37); one end of the hot air inlet pipe (37) is communicated with the cold air inlet pipe (32); the other end of the hot air introducing pipe (37) is communicated with an exhaust pipe (35); and an air valve switch II and an air valve II of the hot air inlet pipe (37) are arranged in the hot air inlet pipe (37).

7. The quenching rapid cooling chamber of claim 1, characterized in that: the non-contact water-cooling heat exchange device (5) is provided with a water-cooling heat exchange plate (51); the water-cooling heat exchange plate (51) is of a hollow thin plate cavity structure with circulating water communicated inside; the number of the water-cooling heat exchange plates (51) is N +1, and N is the number of the processed workpieces; both sides of each workpiece are provided with water-cooling heat exchange plates (51).

8. The quenching rapid-cooling chamber according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: the water-cooling heat exchange device (5) is provided with a lifting mechanism, and the lifting tail end of the lifting mechanism is fixedly connected with a water-cooling heat exchange plate (51) to drive the water-cooling heat exchange plate (51) to lift; the water-cooling heat exchange plate (51) is suspended at the lower part of the spray cooling device (4) above in a non-working state; the lifting mechanism controls the lifting time of the water-cooling heat exchange plate (51) and the keeping time of the water-cooling heat exchange plate (51) in the lifting or falling position through a PLC controller.

9. The quenching rapid cooling chamber of claim 1, characterized in that: the furnace shell (1) is provided with a lifting furnace door (6); the furnace door (6) is lifted and lowered through a furnace door lifting chain (61), and the chain (61) is meshed with a chain wheel transmission mechanism (62); the chain wheel transmission mechanism (62) is driven to operate by a driving motor (63); rollers (65) are arranged on two sides of the furnace door (6); guide rails (66) are arranged on two sides of the furnace shell (1); the roller (65) is in rolling friction fit with the guide rail (66) to realize vertical linear lifting of the furnace door (6); the lifting oven door (6) is provided with an oven door lifting counterweight block (64).

10. The quenching rapid cooling chamber of claim 1, characterized in that: the spray cooling device (4) is provided with a plurality of upper spray nozzles (41) and a plurality of lower spray nozzles (42) which are equal in number; the upper spraying nozzle (41) is arranged at the lower part of the air opening of the air cooling device (3) at the upper part, and the lower spraying nozzle (42) is arranged between the air cooling device (3) at the lower part and the bracket (2); the upper spray nozzle (41) and the lower spray nozzle (42) are opposite up and down and are uniformly distributed along the transverse direction at equal intervals; each spray nozzle is provided with an electromagnetic valve, each spray nozzle is a pulse spray nozzle, the pulse spray nozzles supply cold air for the nozzles by connecting a spray nozzle air-cooling pipeline (47), and the cold air is mixed with water and air of a spray water supply pipeline (48) of the spray nozzles to realize pulse spraying, wherein the spray nozzle air-cooling pipeline (47) is provided with a spray nozzle air-cooling valve (10); the PLC controller controls the upper spray nozzle (41) and the lower spray nozzle (42) to alternately spray pulses or spray pulses simultaneously; the PLC controller controls the starting time and the starting duration of the pulse spraying of the upper spraying nozzle (41) and the lower spraying nozzle (42).

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