CN215581791U

CN215581791U - Lamp system

Info

Publication number: CN215581791U
Application number: CN202120468661.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘建强; 高建强; 翟萍萍; 王安
Original assignee: Shanghai Yaming Lighting Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Yaming Lighting Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-03-04
Filing date: 2021-03-04
Publication date: 2022-01-18
Anticipated expiration: 2031-03-04

Abstract

The utility model provides a lamp system, which comprises a centralized management device, an illuminance measuring device and an LED lamp; the centralized management device is respectively connected with the illuminance measuring device and the LED lamp; the utility model ensures that the illumination of the illumination scene is constant in the life cycle of the lamp by continuously optimizing the luminous flux output of the LED lamp, can be widely used for illumination in large spaces of libraries, reading rooms, schools and office buildings, effectively solves the problems that the illumination of the lamp is gradually reduced and deviates from the original illumination requirement of the lamp due to the increase of the service time of the lamp, meets the illumination use requirement of a user on the lamp, and improves the use experience of the user; the lighting mode can be set according to the requirement of the lighting mode, the constant illumination of a working scene can be ensured, the electric energy is saved, and the comfort level of learning and working of people is effectively improved.

Description

Lamp system

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of illumination, and particularly relates to a lamp system.

Background

Along with the working, learning and living time of people in indoor light environment, higher requirements are put forward on the light quality, especially in scenes such as office buildings, business office buildings, school classrooms and the like, the requirements on the constant illumination lighting environment are particularly urgent, and the basic fact that light attenuation exists in light sources of lamps is that the illumination of the lamps is reduced along with the increase of the service time of the lamps, so that the scene illumination deviates from the original design requirements more and more, and negative influences are brought to the working, learning and living of people.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In view of the above drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a lamp system, which is used to solve the problem in the prior art that the illumination of the lamp gradually decreases with the increase of the service life of the lamp due to the light attenuation of the light source of the lamp, so that the use requirement of the user cannot be met.

To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides a lamp system, including: the system comprises a centralized management device, an illuminance measuring device and an LED lamp; the illumination measuring device is connected with the centralized management device and used for measuring the illumination value of the LED lamp and sending the illumination value to the centralized management device; the centralized management device is connected with the LED lamp and is used for sending a measurement instruction to the illumination measuring device at intervals of preset time so that the illumination measuring device measures the illumination value based on the measurement instruction; and the control unit is used for sending a control instruction to the LED lamp based on the illumination value so as to adjust the luminous flux of the LED lamp and keep the illumination of the LED lamp constant.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the LED lamp includes: the device comprises an optical assembly, a light source assembly and a control device; wherein the control device includes: the system comprises a first communication module, a first central processing unit, a control module and a driving power supply; the first communication module is respectively connected with the centralized management device and the first central processing unit, and is used for receiving the control instruction and sending the control instruction to the first central processing unit; the control module is respectively connected with the first central processing unit and the driving power supply and is used for controlling the driving power supply based on a control instruction processed by the first central processing unit so as to adjust the output current of the driving power supply; the first central processing unit is further used for acquiring driving information of the driving power supply so as to acquire the working state of the LED lamp and sending the driving information to the centralized management device through the first communication module; the driving information comprises any one or a combination of the following components: current, voltage and power; the driving power supply is connected with the light source component.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the optical assembly includes: an optical lens and an optical cavity; the light source assembly is arranged in the optical cavity; the optical lens is arranged on the light-emitting source of the light source component and used for restraining the light rays emitted by the light-emitting source and reducing light leakage so that all the light rays emitted by the light-emitting source are subjected to diffuse reflection through the optical cavity.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the light source assembly includes: a light source, a circuit board and a socket; the light emitting source is arranged on the side surface of the circuit board and used for forming a light emitting surface; the socket is arranged on the circuit board and is connected with the driving power supply.

In an embodiment of the utility model, the light-emitting sources are LED particles, and the number of the light-emitting sources is at least two, and at least two of the light-emitting sources are spaced apart from each other to form a strip-shaped light-emitting surface.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the illuminance measuring apparatus includes: the device comprises a communication assembly, an illumination sensor and a first power supply; the illumination sensor is connected with the communication assembly and used for collecting the illumination value and sending the illumination value to the communication assembly; the communication assembly is connected with the centralized management device, and is used for receiving the measurement instruction and sending the illumination value to the centralized management device; the first power supply is respectively connected with the illumination sensor and the communication assembly and used for supplying power to the illumination sensor and the communication assembly.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the communication module includes: the second central processing unit and the wireless communication module; the second central processing unit is respectively connected with the illumination sensor and the wireless communication module and is used for processing the illumination value and sending the processed illumination value to the wireless communication module; the wireless communication module is connected with the centralized management device and used for sending the processed illuminance value to the centralized management device.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the centralized management apparatus includes: the display module, the second communication module, the third central processing unit and the second power supply; the second power supply is respectively connected with the display assembly, the second communication module and the third central processing unit and is used for supplying power to the display assembly, the second communication module and the third central processing unit; the display assembly is connected with the third central processing unit and is used for displaying the illumination value; the second communication module is respectively connected with the third central processing unit, the illuminance measuring device and the LED lamp, and is used for sending the control instruction to the LED lamp and sending the measuring instruction to the illuminance measuring device; the centralized management device is further used for acquiring the position information of the LED lamp to control the luminous flux of the LED lamp at the position corresponding to the position information.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the display device includes: the display device comprises a touch display screen and a display driving module; the touch display screen is connected with the display driving module and is used for displaying the illumination value and setting an illumination mode of the LED lamp and a corresponding preset illumination in the illumination mode; the illumination mode comprises any one or a combination of the following modes: work, class, rest and projection.

As described above, the lamp system of the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) compared with the prior art, the LED lamp has the advantages that the luminous flux output of the LED lamp is continuously optimized to ensure that the illumination of an illumination scene is constant in the life cycle of the lamp, the LED lamp can be widely used for illumination in large spaces of libraries, reading rooms, schools and office buildings, the problems that the illumination of the lamp is gradually reduced due to the increase of the service time of the lamp and deviates from the original illumination requirement of the lamp are effectively solved, the illumination use requirement of a user on the lamp is met, and the use experience of the user is improved.

(2) The utility model can set the illumination mode according to the requirements of the illumination mode (such as rest, work, meeting and the like), can ensure constant illumination of a working scene, not only saves electric energy, but also effectively improves the comfort level of people in study and work, and particularly for schools, classrooms, reading rooms and other places, the utility model uses the lamp system with constant illumination, is an effective means for preventing teenagers from being short-sighted, and can generate great social benefit.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an operation of a lamp system according to an embodiment of the utility model.

Description of the reference symbols

1 centralized management device

11 display assembly

111 touch display screen

112 display driving module

12 second communication module

13 third central processing unit

14 second power supply

2 illuminance measuring device

21 communication assembly

211 second central processing unit

212 wireless communication module

22 illuminance sensor

23 first power supply

3 LED lamp

31 light source assembly

311 light emitting source

312 Circuit Board

313 socket

32 optical assembly

321 optical lens

322 optical cavity

33 control device

331 first communication module

332 first central processing unit

333 control module

334 driving power supply

S1-S4

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided by way of specific examples, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein. The utility model is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.

It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the drawings only show the components related to the present invention rather than the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed freely, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.

Compared with the prior art, the lamp system ensures that the illumination of an illumination scene is constant in the life cycle of the lamp by continuously optimizing the luminous flux output of the LED lamp, can be widely used for illumination of large spaces of libraries, reading rooms, schools and office buildings, effectively solves the problems that the illumination of the lamp is gradually reduced due to the increase of the service time and deviates from the original illumination requirement of the lamp, meets the illumination use requirement of a user on the lamp, and improves the use experience of the user; the utility model can set the illumination mode according to the requirements of the illumination mode (such as rest, work, meeting and the like), can ensure constant illumination of a working scene, not only saves electric energy, but also effectively improves the comfort level of people in study and work, and particularly for schools, classrooms, reading rooms and other places, the utility model uses the lamp system with constant illumination, is an effective means for preventing teenagers from being short-sighted, and can generate great social benefit.

As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment, the lamp system of the present invention includes a centralized management device 1, an illuminance measurement device 2, and an LED lamp 3.

Specifically, the illuminance measuring device 2 is connected to the centralized management device 1, and is configured to measure an illuminance value of the LED lamp 3 and send the illuminance value to the centralized management device 1; the centralized management device 1 is connected with the LED lamp 3, and is configured to send a measurement instruction to the illuminance measurement device 2 every preset time, so that the illuminance measurement device 2 measures the illuminance value based on the measurement instruction; and the controller is used for sending a control instruction to the LED lamp 3 based on the illuminance value so as to adjust the luminous flux of the LED lamp 3 and keep the illuminance of the LED lamp 3 constant.

It should be noted that the "preset time" is a preset fixed value, so that the centralized management device 1 sends a measurement instruction to the illuminance measurement device 2 every preset time, so as to perform an illuminance measurement operation; the specific value of the preset time is not a condition for limiting the present invention, and may be determined according to different application scenarios.

It should be noted that the working principle of the lamp system is as follows:

the centralized management device 1 regularly and repeatedly reads illuminance values measured by the illuminance measuring devices 2 distributed in the lighting scene at regular time intervals, sends an instruction to the LED lamp 3 after comparison, calculation, analysis and judgment to change luminous flux output, and continuously optimizes the luminous flux output of the LED lamp 3 by reading the illuminance values for multiple times and changing the luminous flux output for multiple times so as to ensure that the illuminance of the application scene is kept constant.

Further, the centralized management device 1 is further configured to obtain the position information of the LED lamp 3, so as to control the luminous flux of the LED lamp 3 at the position corresponding to the position information.

It should be noted that, by acquiring the position information of the LED lamp 3, the luminous flux of the LED lamp at the position corresponding to the position information is controlled according to the position information and the illuminance value collected by the illuminance measurement device 2.

It should be noted that, when there are a plurality of LED lamps in a lighting scene, or there are a plurality of LED lamps in a plurality of lighting scenes, the luminous flux of an LED lamp at a certain position can be accurately adjusted by combining the position information of the LED lamps, so as to avoid the problem of error adjustment of the luminous flux of the LED lamps.

Further, the central management apparatus 1 can also acquire the position information of the illuminance measurement apparatus 2.

As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment, the LED lamp 3 includes a light source assembly 31, an optical assembly 32 and a control device 33.

Specifically, the light source assembly 31 includes a light emitting source 311, a circuit board 312 and a socket 313; the light emitting source 311 is disposed on a side surface of the circuit board 312, and is configured to form a light emitting surface; the socket 313 is disposed on the circuit board 312.

Further, the number of the light source modules 21 can be two or more (as shown in FIG. 1, the lamp system includes two light source modules 31 for illustration)

As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment, the light sources 311 are LED particles, and the number of the light sources is at least two, and at least two of the light sources 311 are disposed at intervals to form a strip-shaped light emitting surface together.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the optical assembly 32 includes an optical lens 321 and an optical cavity 322.

Specifically, the light source assembly 31 is disposed within the optical cavity 322; the optical lens 321 is disposed on the light emitting source 311, and is configured to constrain the light emitted by the light emitting source 311 and reduce light leakage, so that all the light emitted by the light emitting source 311 is diffusely reflected by the optical cavity 322, thereby forming a soft and uniform light emitting surface.

It should be noted that, no matter the number of the light source modules 21 is several, the several light source modules 21 are all disposed in the optical cavity 322, and for a light source module 21, an optical lens 321 is needed; specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the lamp system includes two light source modules 31, the two light source modules 31 are disposed in the same optical cavity 322, and an optical lens 321 is disposed on the light emitting source 311 of each light source module 31.

As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment, the control device 33 includes a first communication module 331, a first central processing unit 332, a control module 333 and a driving power supply 334.

Specifically, the first communication module 331 is connected to the centralized management apparatus 1 and the first central processing unit 332, and is configured to receive the control instruction and send the control instruction to the first central processing unit 332; the control module 333 is respectively connected to the first central processing unit 332 and the driving power supply 334, and is configured to control the driving power supply 334 based on a control instruction processed by the first central processing unit 332 so as to adjust an output current of the driving power supply 334; the driving power supply 334 is connected to the socket 313.

It should be noted that, after receiving the control instruction sent by the centralized management apparatus 1, the first communication module 331 transmits the control instruction to the first central processing unit 332, and finally, the control module 333 controls the driving power supply 334 to adjust the output current of the driving power supply 334.

Further, when the centralized management device 1 needs to read the working state of the LED lamp 3, the first central processing unit 332 is configured to collect the driving information of the driving power supply 334 to obtain the working state of the LED lamp 3, and send the driving information to the centralized management device 1 through the first communication module 331.

It should be noted that the driving information includes, but is not limited to, any one or a combination of the following: current, voltage, and power.

It should be noted that the LED lamp 3 includes, in addition to the light source assembly 31, the optical assembly 32 and the control device 33, corresponding structural components, and the structural components provide reasonable support and beautiful appearance for the LED lamp 3; the specific structure of the structural component is not a condition for limiting the present invention, and therefore, the detailed description thereof is omitted herein (refer to the conventional structure of the existing lamp).

As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment, the illuminance measurement device 2 includes a communication device 21, an illuminance sensor 22 and a first power supply 23.

Specifically, the illuminance sensor 22 is connected to the communication component 21, and is configured to collect the illuminance value and send the illuminance value to the communication component 21; the communication component 21 is connected to the centralized management apparatus 1, and is configured to receive the measurement instruction and send the illuminance value to the centralized management apparatus 1; the first power supply 23 is connected to the illuminance sensor 22 and the communication module 21, respectively, and is configured to supply power to the illuminance sensor 22 and the communication module 21.

It should be noted that the communication module 21 performs half-duplex serial communication with the central management apparatus 1, and sends the illuminance value collected by the illuminance sensor 22 to the central management apparatus 1 when receiving the measurement instruction sent by the central management apparatus 1.

As shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment, the communication device 21 includes a second central processing unit 211 and a wireless communication module 212.

Specifically, the second central processing unit 211 is respectively connected to the illuminance sensor 22 and the wireless communication module 212, and is configured to process the illuminance value and send the processed illuminance value to the wireless communication module 212; the wireless communication module 212 is connected to the centralized management apparatus 1, and is configured to send the processed illuminance value to the centralized management apparatus 1.

It should be noted that the centralized management device 1 is a control core of the entire lighting system, and reads the position information of the illuminance measurement device 2 and the illuminance value acquired by the illuminance measurement device, the position information of the LED lighting fixture 3, the operating state, and the like, and correspondingly sends various parameters and lighting modes considered to be set to the specified LED lighting fixture.

As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment, the centralized management apparatus 1 includes a display device 11, a second communication module 12, a third central processing unit 13, and a second power supply 14.

Specifically, the second power supply 14 is respectively connected to the display module 11, the second communication module 12 and the third central processing unit 13, and is configured to supply power to the display module 11, the second communication module 12 and the third central processing unit 13; the display component 11 is connected with the third central processing unit 13 and is used for displaying the illumination value; the second communication module 12 is connected to the third central processing unit 13, the illuminance measuring device 2, and the LED lamp 3, and is configured to send the control instruction to the LED lamp 3 and send the measurement instruction to the illuminance measuring device 2.

It should be noted that the display module 11 can display the position information of the LED lamp 3 and the working parameters such as input/output current, voltage, and power thereof, the position of the illuminance measuring device 2 and the illuminance value collected by the illuminance measuring device, and also can be used to set the lighting mode of the LED lamp 3, including setting illuminance data, and presetting and setting the lighting mode of class, rest, work, and projection.

It should be noted that the second communication module 12 is used as a link and a transfer station for connecting the centralized management device 1 and the illuminance measuring device 2, and the LED lamp 3, and is used for receiving data (such as the illuminance value) required by the third central processing unit 13 and transmitting instructions (such as the measurement instruction) required by the third central processing unit 13.

It should be noted that, the third central processing unit 13 is responsible for processing the data received and sent by the second communication module 12, including processing the illuminance value collected by the illuminance measuring device 2, setting the output current of each path of the driving power supply of the LED lamp 3, and the like, during the normal operation, it needs to read the working states such as the measured data (illuminance value) of the illuminance measuring device 2, the voltage and current of the driving power supply 334, and the like, through the second communication module 12 at regular time, and adjust each path of the output current of the driving power supply 334 of the LED lamp according to the read illuminance value, so as to achieve the purpose of keeping the illuminance constant, during the manual setting, it needs to process the working mode setting data of the LED lamp 3, and display through the display module 11, to implement the man-machine conversation, and send these data to the driving power supply 334 of the corresponding LED lamp 3 through the second communication module 12, and stores currently set key information, such as illumination information, position information, output current of the driving power supply 334, working color temperature of the LED lamp 3, and the like, for direct calling when the lamp is turned on next time.

As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment, the display device 11 includes a touch screen 111 and a display driving module 112.

Specifically, the touch display screen 111 is connected to the display driving module 112, and is configured to display the illuminance value, and set an illumination mode of the LED lamp 3 and a preset illuminance corresponding to the illumination mode.

It should be noted that the illumination mode includes, but is not limited to, any one or a combination of the following: work, class, rest and projection.

It should be noted that the display driving module 112, the second communication module 12, the wireless communication module 212, the first communication module 331 and the control module 333 all adopt conventional technical means in the field, and the specific structural composition and connection relationship thereof are not used as conditions for limiting the present invention.

Further, the lamp system can be applied to a distributed lighting scene in which a plurality of independently installed LED lamps 3 with variable luminous flux, a plurality of independently installed illuminance measuring devices 2, and an independently installed centralized management device 1 are included; specifically, the working principle of the lamp system applied to the distributed lighting scene is the same as that of the lamp system, and detailed description is omitted here.

It should be noted that the number of the LED lamps 3 is not necessarily equal to the number of the illuminance measuring devices 2, and one illuminance measuring device 2 may be used to measure the illuminance value of light emitted by the LED lamps (including one or more LED lamps in the space range) in a certain space range, so as to adjust one or more of the LED lamps in the space range or the luminous flux of all the LED lamps (in combination with the position information of the LED lamps) according to the illuminance value, thereby implementing constant illuminance illumination in the space range; specifically, in the application scenario, the working principle of the lamp system is referred to above, and is not described in detail herein.

In summary, compared with the prior art, the lamp system provided by the utility model ensures that the illumination of the illumination scene is constant in the life cycle of the lamp by continuously optimizing the luminous flux output of the LED lamp, can be widely used for illumination in large spaces of libraries, reading rooms, schools and office buildings, effectively solves the problems that the illumination of the lamp is gradually reduced due to the increase of the service time and deviates from the original illumination requirement of the lamp, meets the illumination use requirement of a user on the lamp, and improves the use experience of the user; the utility model can set the illumination mode according to the requirements of the illumination mode (such as rest, work, meeting and the like), can ensure the constant illumination of the working scene, not only saves the electric energy, but also effectively improves the comfort level of people in study and work, and particularly for schools, classrooms, reading rooms and other places use the lamp system with constant illumination, which is an effective means for preventing teenagers from being short-sighted and can generate huge social benefits; therefore, the utility model effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the utility model. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A light fixture system, comprising: the system comprises a centralized management device, an illuminance measuring device and an LED lamp;

the illumination measuring device is connected with the centralized management device and used for measuring the illumination value of the LED lamp and sending the illumination value to the centralized management device;

the centralized management device is connected with the LED lamp and is used for sending a measurement instruction to the illumination measuring device at intervals of preset time so that the illumination measuring device measures the illumination value based on the measurement instruction; and the centralized management device is used for sending a control instruction to the LED lamp based on the illuminance value so as to adjust the luminous flux of the LED lamp and keep the illuminance of the LED lamp constant, and comprises: the display module, the second communication module, the third central processing unit and the second power supply;

the second power supply is respectively connected with the display assembly, the second communication module and the third central processing unit and is used for supplying power to the display assembly, the second communication module and the third central processing unit;

the display assembly is connected with the third central processing unit and is used for displaying the illumination value;

the second communication module is respectively connected with the third central processing unit, the illuminance measuring device and the LED lamp, and is used for sending the control instruction to the LED lamp and sending the measuring instruction to the illuminance measuring device.

2. The light fixture system of claim 1 wherein the LED light fixture comprises: the device comprises an optical assembly, a light source assembly and a control device; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the control device includes: the system comprises a first communication module, a first central processing unit, a control module and a driving power supply;

the first communication module is respectively connected with the centralized management device and the first central processing unit, and is used for receiving the control instruction and sending the control instruction to the first central processing unit;

the control module is respectively connected with the first central processing unit and the driving power supply and is used for controlling the driving power supply based on a control instruction processed by the first central processing unit so as to adjust the output current of the driving power supply;

the first central processing unit is further used for acquiring driving information of the driving power supply so as to acquire the working state of the LED lamp and sending the driving information to the centralized management device through the first communication module; the driving information comprises any one or a combination of the following components: current, voltage and power;

the driving power supply is connected with the light source component.

3. The light fixture system of claim 2 wherein the optical assembly comprises: an optical lens and an optical cavity;

the light source assembly is arranged in the optical cavity;

the optical lens is arranged on the light-emitting source of the light source component and used for restraining the light rays emitted by the light-emitting source and reducing light leakage so that all the light rays emitted by the light-emitting source are subjected to diffuse reflection through the optical cavity.

4. The light fixture system of claim 2 wherein the light source assembly comprises: a light source, a circuit board and a socket;

the light emitting source is arranged on the side surface of the circuit board and used for forming a light emitting surface; the socket is arranged on the circuit board and is connected with the driving power supply.

5. The lamp system of claim 4, wherein the light sources are LED particles, and the number of the light sources is at least two, and at least two of the light sources are spaced apart to form a strip-shaped light emitting surface.

6. The light fixture system of claim 1 wherein the illuminance measurement device comprises: the device comprises a communication assembly, an illumination sensor and a first power supply;

the illumination sensor is connected with the communication assembly and used for collecting the illumination value and sending the illumination value to the communication assembly;

the communication assembly is connected with the centralized management device, and is used for receiving the measurement instruction and sending the illumination value to the centralized management device;

the first power supply is respectively connected with the illumination sensor and the communication assembly and used for supplying power to the illumination sensor and the communication assembly.

7. The light fixture system of claim 6 wherein the communication assembly comprises: the second central processing unit and the wireless communication module;

the second central processing unit is respectively connected with the illumination sensor and the wireless communication module and is used for processing the illumination value and sending the processed illumination value to the wireless communication module;

the wireless communication module is connected with the centralized management device and used for sending the processed illuminance value to the centralized management device.

8. The lamp system of claim 1, wherein the centralized management device is further configured to obtain location information of the LED lamp, so as to control a luminous flux of the LED lamp at a location corresponding to the location information.

9. The light fixture system of claim 1, wherein the display assembly comprises: the display device comprises a touch display screen and a display driving module;

the touch display screen is connected with the display driving module and is used for displaying the illumination value and setting an illumination mode of the LED lamp and a corresponding preset illumination in the illumination mode; the illumination mode comprises any one or a combination of the following modes: work, class, rest and projection.