CN215578637U

CN215578637U - Fuel cell assembly structure

Info

Publication number: CN215578637U
Application number: CN202121372733.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 程旌德; 王春; 徐一凡
Original assignee: Shanghai H Rise New Energy Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai H Rise New Energy Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-06-21
Filing date: 2021-06-21
Publication date: 2022-01-18
Anticipated expiration: 2031-06-21

Abstract

The utility model relates to a fuel cell assembly structure, which comprises a reactor core and end plates, wherein the end plates are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the reactor core to fix the reactor core, the reactor core comprises a plurality of stacked unit assemblies, each unit assembly comprises a cathode plate, a cathode injection molding sealing element, an anode injection molding sealing element and an anode plate which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the anode injection molding sealing element is an annular rectangular plate, the center of the anode injection molding sealing element is an embedded groove, and the periphery of a membrane electrode is embedded into the embedded groove to form fixation; the cathode injection molding sealing piece is also an annular rectangular plate, the top surface of the cathode injection molding sealing piece is attached to the anode injection molding sealing piece, and the bottom surface of the cathode injection molding sealing piece is attached to the cathode plate. Compared with the prior art, the minimum unit assembly of the reactor core of the electric pile is re-planned, and the assembly can be completed only by re-overlapping the unit assemblies in the integral installation process of the fuel cell, so that the precision requirement of the traditional installation is reduced, and the membrane electrode is good in protection.

Description

Fuel cell assembly structure

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell assembly structure.

Background

The fuel cell is a power generation device with the characteristics of environmental friendliness, high working efficiency, long service life and the like. Taking a hydrogen fuel cell (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) as an example, hydrogen enters the cell from the anode side of the cell, hydrogen atoms become protons after the anode loses electrons, the protons pass through the proton exchange membrane in the cell to reach the cathode of the cell, meanwhile, the electrons also reach the cathode of the cell through an external loop, and at the cathode side of the cell, the protons, the electrons and oxygen are combined to generate water, thereby generating current. The conventional fuel cell core structure is a simple membrane electrode and a bipolar plate which are stacked in a staggered manner. Such a conventional fitting structure generally has the following problems: when the fuel cell is assembled, a layer of bipolar plate and a layer of membrane electrode are required to be overlapped and assembled in sequence, and then the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode are fixed through installation pieces such as pull rods, so that the assembly precision requirement is high, the membrane electrode and the bipolar plate which are directly overlapped are not attached to each other easily, the fragile membrane electrode is damaged easily, and the stable work of a stack is influenced.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The present invention is directed to a fuel cell assembly structure that overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.

The purpose of the utility model can be realized by the following technical scheme:

a fuel cell assembly structure comprises a reactor core and end plates, wherein the end plates are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the reactor core to fix the reactor core, the reactor core comprises a plurality of stacked unit assemblies, each unit assembly comprises a cathode plate, a cathode injection molding sealing element, an anode injection molding sealing element and an anode plate which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the anode injection molding sealing element is an annular rectangular plate, the center of the anode injection molding sealing element is an embedded groove, and the periphery of a membrane electrode is embedded into the embedded groove to form fixation; the cathode injection molding sealing piece is also an annular rectangular plate, the top surface of the cathode injection molding sealing piece is attached to the anode injection molding sealing piece, and the bottom surface of the cathode injection molding sealing piece is attached to the cathode plate; and a cathode gas flow channel is arranged between the cathode plate and the membrane electrode, an anode gas flow channel is arranged between the anode plate and the membrane electrode, and a coolant flow channel is formed between the cathode plate and the anode plate of two adjacent unit mechanisms.

Further, the cathode plate comprises a central cathode flow field region and a peripheral cathode sealing region, and the shape of the cathode sealing region is the same as that of the cathode injection molding sealing piece; the anode plate comprises an anode flow field area at the center and an anode sealing area at the periphery, and the shape of the anode sealing area is the same as that of the anode injection molding sealing piece.

Further, the anode injection molding sealing element is connected with the membrane electrode in an injection molding mode.

Further, the cathode injection molding sealing member and the anode injection molding sealing member are bonded to each other.

Further, a sealing ring is arranged on the outer side face of the cathode plate, a sealing groove is arranged on the outer side face of the anode plate, and when two adjacent unit assemblies are stacked, the sealing ring is embedded into the sealing groove to form a sealing structure to surround the coolant flow channel.

Further, the cathode injection molding sealing element and the anode injection molding sealing element adopt a silica gel sealing element, an EPDM sealing element or a fluororubber sealing element.

Furthermore, each unit assembly comprises two anode gas inlets and two anode gas outlets, the two anode gas inlets are distributed at two corners of one side of the unit assembly, the two anode gas outlets are distributed at two corners of the other side of the unit assembly, the anode gas flow channel comprises two symmetrically-arranged rows of U-shaped anode sub-flow channels, and two end points of the U shape are respectively connected with one anode gas inlet and one anode gas outlet.

Furthermore, each unit component comprises a plurality of cathode gas inlets and a plurality of cathode gas outlets, the cathode gas inlets and the cathode gas outlets are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the unit component, each cathode gas channel is a plurality of rows of linear sub-channels, two ends of each linear sub-channel are respectively connected with the cathode gas inlets and the cathode gas outlets, the cathode gas inlets are located on the side edges of the unit components provided with the two anode gas outlets, and the cathode gas outlets are located on the side edges of the unit components provided with the two anode gas inlets.

Further, each unit cell includes two coolant inlets and two coolant outlets, one coolant inlet and one coolant outlet being provided on a side of the unit cell where one anode gas inlet and one anode gas outlet are provided, the other coolant inlet and the other coolant outlet being provided on a side of the unit cell where the anode gas inlet and the anode gas outlet are provided, the coolant inlet being adjacent to the anode gas inlet, the coolant outlet being adjacent to the anode gas outlet; the coolant flow channel comprises two symmetrically arranged rows of U-shaped coolant sub-flow channels, and two end points of the U-shaped coolant sub-flow channels are respectively connected with a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

1-the utility model replans the minimum unit component of the reactor core of the electric pile, and realizes the direct encapsulation of the single cathode plate, the single anode plate and the membrane electrode by adopting the injection molding process through designing the anode injection molding sealing element and the membrane electrode with the integrated structure. In the whole installation process of the fuel cell, the assembly can be completed only by overlapping the unit components, the complex operation requirement and the precision requirement of the traditional installation are reduced, the membrane electrode is packaged by the unit components, the problem of the matching of the membrane electrode and the polar plate caused by assembling the galvanic pile is avoided, and the membrane electrode is protected to a certain extent.

2-the utility model designs two symmetrically arranged multi-row U-shaped anode sub-channels, and has two anode gas inlets and two anode gas outlets, the structure can obviously reduce the flow resistance, increase the uniformity of the gas on the reaction area of the polar plate, and improve the reaction efficiency.

The 3-cathode flow channel adopts a plurality of inlets and outlets to arrange a plurality of rows of linear sub-flow channels, so that the on-way resistance of cathode gas can be reduced, the gas concentration on the reaction area of the polar plate is more uniform, and the reaction efficiency is improved.

The 4-coolant flow channel adopts two multi-row U-shaped coolant sub-flow channels, so that the heat transfer efficiency is enhanced, the heat generated by the battery can be taken away in time, and the heat exchange is more sufficient.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a unit assembly.

Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the reactor core.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view a-a in fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the bottom structure of the anode plate.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the anode gas flow in the anode plate.

Fig. 6 is a schematic top view of the cathode plate.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the flow of cathode gas in the cathode plate.

Fig. 8 is a schematic top view of an anode plate.

Figure 9 is a schematic view of the coolant flow in the anode plate.

Reference numerals: 1-a cathode plate; 101-cathode flow field region; 102-a cathode seal zone; 2-cathode injection molding sealing element; 3-a membrane electrode; 4-anodic injection molding sealing element; 41-a tabling groove; 5, an anode plate; 51-anode flow field region; 52-anode sealing area; 6-cathode gas flow channel; 61-linear sub-runners; 7-anode gas flow channel; 71-anode sub-flow channel; 8-coolant flow channels; 81-coolant sub-channels; 9-cathode gas inlet; 10-cathode gas outlet; 11-anode gas inlet; 12-anode gas outlet; 13-coolant inlet; 14-coolant outlet; 15-sealing ring; 16-seal groove.

Detailed Description

The utility model is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment provides a fuel cell assembly structure, which includes a reactor core and end plates, wherein the end plates are disposed at upper and lower ends of the reactor core to fix the reactor core. The reactor core of the electric pile comprises a plurality of stacked unit assemblies, and each unit assembly comprises a cathode plate 1, a cathode injection molding sealing piece 2, an anode injection molding sealing piece 4 and an anode plate 5 which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top. The anode injection sealing element 4 is an annular rectangular plate, the center of the anode injection sealing element 4 is a tabling groove 41, and the periphery of the membrane electrode 3 is embedded into the tabling groove 41 to be fixed. The cathode injection molding sealing piece 2 is also an annular rectangular plate, the top surface of the cathode injection molding sealing piece is attached to the anode injection molding sealing piece 4, and the bottom surface of the cathode injection molding sealing piece is attached to the cathode plate 1. Specifically, the anode injection molding sealing member 4 and the membrane electrode 3 are directly connected and molded by injection molding. The cathode injection seal 2 and the anode injection seal 4 are bonded to each other. The cathode plate 1 includes a central cathode flow field region 101 and a peripheral cathode sealing region 102, the shape of the cathode sealing region 102 being identical to that of the cathode injection seal 2 and being bonded to each other. The anode plate 5 includes a central anode flow field region 51 and a peripheral anode sealing region 52, and the shape of the anode sealing region 52 is the same as that of the anode injection molding sealing member 4 and is adhered to each other. Thereby, the cathode gas flow channel 6 is formed between the cathode flow field region 101 and the membrane electrode sheet 31; an anode gas flow channel 7 is formed between the anode flow field area 51 and the membrane electrode sheet 31; a plurality of unit assemblies are stacked, and a coolant flow channel 8 may be formed between the cathode plate 1 and the anode plate 5 of adjacent two unit assemblies.

In this embodiment, the outer side surface of the cathode plate 1 is provided with a sealing ring 15, the outer side surface of the anode plate 5 is provided with a sealing groove 16, and when two adjacent unit assemblies are stacked, the sealing ring 15 is embedded into the sealing groove 16 to form a sealing structure to surround the coolant flow channel 8 and each inlet and outlet, so that convenience and sealing performance of assembling the adjacent unit assemblies are improved.

The cathode injection molding seal 2 and the anode injection molding seal 4 may employ a silicone seal, an EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) seal, or a fluororubber seal, preferably an EPDM seal.

Typically, the anode gas and cathode gas are both at a higher concentration at the inlet and a lower concentration at the outlet. The anode gas and the cathode gas are arranged in counter-current flow, enabling a balanced matching of the gas concentrations, so that the reaction proceeds relatively uniformly over the entire cell. Meanwhile, the inlet temperature of the coolant is lower, and the outlet temperature is higher. The humidity of the anode gas inlet is smaller, and the humidity of the anode gas outlet is larger. The anode gas reactivity is generally lower at the inlet and then increases, with performance decreasing closer to the outlet due to consumption of the anode gas. The coolant and the anode gas are arranged in the same direction, and the water evaporation and condensation of the cathode can be balanced by utilizing the temperature gradient of the coolant, so that the reaction can be maintained in proper temperature and humidity ranges in the whole section, the mass transfer can be enhanced, and the battery performance can be improved. The specific layout is described below.

The unit assembly is provided with a cathode gas inlet 9, a cathode gas outlet 10, an anode gas inlet 11, an anode gas outlet 12, a coolant inlet 13, and a coolant outlet 14. The cathode gas inlet 9 and the cathode gas outlet 10 are connected to the cathode gas flow channel 6. The anode gas inlet 11 and the anode gas outlet 12 communicate with the anode gas flow passage 7. The coolant inlet 13 and the coolant outlet 14 are connected to the coolant flow passage 8.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the unit assembly includes two anode gas inlets 11 and two anode gas outlets 12, which are distributed at four corners of the unit assembly. Two anode gas inlets 11 are distributed at both corners of the upper side of the unit assembly, and two anode gas outlets 12 are distributed at both corners of the lower side of the unit assembly. The anode gas channel 7 specifically includes two symmetrically disposed rows of "U" -shaped anode sub-channels 71, and two ends of the "U" -shape are respectively connected to an anode gas inlet 11 and an anode gas outlet 12.

As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the cathode gas inlet 9 is located on the side of the unit assembly where the two cathode gas outlets 12 are provided, i.e., the upper side of the unit assembly; the cathode gas outlet 10 is located on the side of the unit cell where the two anode gas inlets 11 are provided, i.e., the lower side of the unit cell. The cathode gas flow path 6 is a plurality of linear sub-flow paths 61, and both ends of each linear sub-flow path 61 are respectively connected to the cathode gas inlet 9 and the cathode gas outlet 10. The number of the cathode gas inlets 9 and the number of the cathode gas outlets 10 are the same and are symmetrically distributed, and generally, the number of the cathode gas inlets is 4 to 8, and preferably 6 in the embodiment.

As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the unit assembly includes two coolant inlets 13 and two coolant outlets 14. One coolant inlet 13 and one coolant outlet 14 are provided on the unit block side provided with one anode gas inlet 11 and anode gas outlet 12, that is, the left side of the unit block, and the other coolant inlet 13 and one coolant outlet 14 are provided on the unit block side provided with the other anode gas inlet 11 and anode gas outlet 12, that is, the right side of the unit block. The coolant inlet 13 is close to the anode gas inlet 11 and the coolant outlet 14 is close to the anode gas outlet 12. The coolant flow channel 8 includes two symmetrically arranged rows of "U" -shaped coolant sub-flow channels 81, and two ends of the "U" shape are respectively connected to a coolant inlet 13 and a coolant outlet 14. The coolant flow channel 8 adopts two multi-row U-shaped coolant sub-flow channels 81, so that the heat transfer efficiency is enhanced, the heat generated by the battery can be taken away in time, and the heat exchange is more sufficient.

In the embodiment, the minimum unit assembly of the reactor core is re-planned, and the direct packaging of the single cathode plate 1, the single anode plate 5 and the membrane electrode 3 is realized by designing the anode injection molding sealing element 2 and the membrane electrode 3 which are of an integrated structure and adopting an injection molding process. In the whole installation process of the fuel cell, the assembly can be completed only by overlapping the unit components, the complex operation requirement and the precision requirement of the traditional installation are reduced, the membrane electrode is packaged by the unit components, the problem of the matching of the membrane electrode and the polar plate caused by assembling the galvanic pile is avoided, and the membrane electrode is protected to a certain extent.

The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the utility model has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A fuel cell assembly structure comprises a reactor core and end plates, wherein the end plates are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the reactor core to fix the reactor core, and the fuel cell assembly structure is characterized in that the reactor core comprises a plurality of stacked unit assemblies, each unit assembly comprises a cathode plate (1), a cathode injection molding sealing element (2), an anode injection molding sealing element (4) and an anode plate (5) which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein the anode injection molding sealing element (4) is an annular rectangular plate, the center of the anode injection molding sealing element (4) is provided with an embedded groove (41), and the periphery of a membrane electrode (3) is embedded into the embedded groove (41) to form fixation; the cathode injection molding sealing piece (2) is also an annular rectangular plate, the top surface of the cathode injection molding sealing piece is attached to the anode injection molding sealing piece (4), and the bottom surface of the cathode injection molding sealing piece is attached to the cathode plate (1); a cathode gas flow channel (6) is arranged between the cathode plate (1) and the membrane electrode (3), an anode gas flow channel (7) is arranged between the anode plate (5) and the membrane electrode (3), and a coolant flow channel (8) is formed between the cathode plate (1) and the anode plate (5) of two adjacent unit mechanisms.

2. A fuel cell assembly structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the cathode plate (1) comprises a central cathode flow field region (101) and a peripheral cathode sealing region (102), the shape of the cathode sealing region (102) being the same as the shape of the cathode injection seal (2); the anode plate (5) comprises a central anode flow field area (51) and a peripheral anode sealing area (52), and the shape of the anode sealing area (52) is the same as that of the anode injection molding sealing piece (4).

3. A fuel cell assembly structure according to claim 1, wherein the anode injection-molded seal member (4) and the membrane electrode (3) are injection-molded.

4. A fuel cell assembly structure according to claim 1, wherein said cathode injection-molded seal member (2) and said anode injection-molded seal member (4) are bonded to each other.

5. A fuel cell mounting structure according to claim 1, wherein the cathode plate (1) is provided with a seal ring (15) on the outer side surface thereof, the anode plate (5) is provided with a seal groove (16) on the outer side surface thereof, and when two adjacent unit components are stacked, the seal ring (15) is fitted into the seal groove (16) to constitute a seal structure surrounding the coolant flow passage (8).

6. A fuel cell assembly structure according to claim 1, wherein said cathode injection-molded seal member (2) and said anode injection-molded seal member (4) are formed of a silicone seal member, an EPDM seal member or a fluororubber seal member.

7. A fuel cell mounting structure according to claim 1, wherein each unit assembly includes two anode gas inlets (11) and two anode gas outlets (12), the two anode gas inlets (11) are distributed at two corners of one side of the unit assembly, the two anode gas outlets (12) are distributed at two corners of the other side of the unit assembly, the anode gas flow channel (7) includes two symmetrically arranged rows of "U" -shaped anode sub-flow channels (71), and two ends of the "U" -shaped anode sub-flow channels are respectively connected with one anode gas inlet (11) and one anode gas outlet (12).

8. A fuel cell assembly structure according to claim 7, wherein each unit module comprises a plurality of cathode gas inlets (9) and a plurality of cathode gas outlets (10) symmetrically distributed on both sides of the unit module, the cathode gas flow channels (6) are a plurality of rows of linear sub-flow channels (61), both ends of each linear sub-flow channel (61) are respectively connected with the cathode gas inlets (9) and the cathode gas outlets (10), the cathode gas inlets (9) are located on the side of the unit module where the two anode gas outlets (12) are located, and the cathode gas outlets (10) are located on the side of the unit module where the two anode gas inlets (11) are located.

9. A fuel cell assembly structure according to claim 7, wherein each unit assembly includes two coolant inlets (13) and two coolant outlets (14), one coolant inlet (13) and one coolant outlet (14) being provided on the unit assembly side provided with one anode gas inlet (11) and anode gas outlet (12), the other coolant inlet (13) and one coolant outlet (14) being provided on the other unit assembly side provided with the anode gas inlet (11) and anode gas outlet (12), the coolant inlet (13) being close to the anode gas inlet (11), the coolant outlet (14) being close to the anode gas outlet (12); the coolant flow channel (8) comprises two symmetrically arranged rows of U-shaped coolant sub-flow channels (81), and two end points of the U shape are respectively connected with a coolant inlet (13) and a coolant outlet (14).