CN215463342U - Polytetrafluoroethylene and basalt composite fiber hollow ultrafiltration membrane - Google Patents
Polytetrafluoroethylene and basalt composite fiber hollow ultrafiltration membrane Download PDFInfo
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- CN215463342U CN215463342U CN202121247851.8U CN202121247851U CN215463342U CN 215463342 U CN215463342 U CN 215463342U CN 202121247851 U CN202121247851 U CN 202121247851U CN 215463342 U CN215463342 U CN 215463342U
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Abstract
A polytetrafluoroethylene and basalt composite fiber hollow ultrafiltration membrane belongs to a sewage treatment hollow ultrafiltration membrane. The basalt fiber layer of the hollow ultrafiltration membrane is cylindrical, and a polytetrafluoroethylene layer is coated outside the basalt fiber layer; micropores are densely distributed on the cylinder wall of the basalt fiber braided layer, and the combination surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene layer and the basalt fiber layer is compounded at high temperature to form a hollow ultrafiltration membrane with composite fibers with a membrane central hole; the basalt fiber layer is formed by interweaving, laminating and weaving basalt fibers into a barrel shape through a weaving machine, and a central hole of the barrel is a membrane central hole; can isolate microorganisms, colloids and other turbid substances in water; the polytetrafluoroethylene layer is formed by interweaving and laminating polytetrafluoroethylene fibers through a braiding machine, and is wrapped outside the basalt fiber layer in a braided manner. The advantages are that: the utility model has high cost performance, low price, no toxicity and environmental protection; the melting point of basalt is similar to that of polytetrafluoroethylene, the basalt is compounded at high temperature, the breaking strength is high, the flame retardance is good, the modulus is high, and the basalt can efficiently filter high-temperature toxic gas and dust.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a hollow ultrafiltration membrane for sewage treatment, which is used in the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a polytetrafluoroethylene and basalt composite fiber hollow ultrafiltration membrane.
Background
At present, in the sewage treatment industry, ultrafiltration technology is put into large-scale practical application, and ultrafiltration membranes are core elements of ultrafiltration equipment and are high and new technologies widely used in the fields of wastewater purification, solution separation, useful substance extraction from wastewater and wastewater purification and recycling. The common ultrafiltration membrane is characterized in that an outer layer is a coating layer 1-1, the outer layer is made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), the PVDF is fluoroplastic and can bear the high temperature of 175 ℃ and has certain chemical resistance, an inner layer is a fiber weaving layer 1-2, the inner layer is made of PP yarns or glass fibers which are woven into a cylinder shape, holes in the middle of the cylinder are hollow holes 1-3, micropores 1-4 are densely distributed on the wall of the fiber cylinder, the outer layer coating layer 1-1 is coated outside the fiber weaving layer 1-2, and the bonding surface of the coating layer 1-1 and the fiber weaving layer 1-2 is fused together through hot melting.
Fig. 6 and 7 are schematic diagrams of a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane structure, which includes: 1-1 parts of coating layers, 1-2 parts of fiber woven layers, 1-3 parts of hollow holes and 1-4 parts of micropores.
Raw water flows outside or in the cavity of the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane under pressure, the coating layer 1-1 and the fiber braiding layer 1-2 are compounded to form micropores on the cylinder wall to separate water from impurities in the water, and the separation mode is external pressure type separation. Ultrafiltration is a dynamic filtration process, and substances trapped by micropores on the wall of the fiber cylinder can be discharged along with concentrated water, so that the surface of the membrane is not blocked, and purification and recycling are realized.
The hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane in the prior art has the following defects: the filter has low filtration precision, no high temperature resistance, no combustion, no strong acid and strong alkali resistance, no corrosion resistance, poor oxidation resistance, low electrical insulation in severe environment, weak radiation resistance, poor hydrophilicity after long-term use, easy pollution of the membrane, short service life, high membrane manufacturing cost and high energy consumption; the prior art can not treat high-difficulty waste water (high corrosivity and high pollution) such as garbage leachate concentrated solution, desulfurization waste water, printing and dyeing waste water, coal chemical industry waste water, electroplating waste water, tanning waste water, medical waste water, storage chemical industry waste water and the like, and high-temperature toxic gas and dust in the prior art, and the current situation is always a weak link of environmental pollution prevention and control work in China.
The high-difficulty wastewater generally refers to the wastewater containing high ammonia nitrogen, high COD, high salt, high toxicity and difficult microbial degradation components, and if the discharged high-difficulty wastewater is directly discharged into a water body without being treated, the water body is polluted greatly; if the discharged high-difficulty wastewater is treated, the treatment cost is high and the technical difficulty is high; high-difficulty wastewater is a technical problem which cannot be solved by the conventional sewage treatment process. The highly difficult wastewater includes: the treatment difficulties of the garbage leachate concentrated solution, the printing and dyeing wastewater, the electroplating wastewater, the tanning wastewater and the medical wastewater are as follows:
the difficulty of the landfill leachate concentrated solution is that the existing technologies such as desulfurization, energy consumption reduction, secondary pollution and the like cannot be treated, and domestic sewage experts are troubled all the time.
The treatment difficulty of the printing and dyeing wastewater is complex components, high organic matter content, deep chromaticity, chemical oxygen demand, relatively low biochemical oxygen demand, poor biodegradability and large discharge, and the prior art is difficult to meet the requirements.
The coal chemical wastewater treatment difficulty has large wastewater discharge amount and complex water quality components, and contains heterocyclic and polycyclic aromatic compounds such as phenol, oil, naphthalene, pyridine, quinoline, anthracene and the like besides inorganic pollution such as ammonia, nitrogen, cyanogen, thiocyanate and the like.
The difficulty of the electroplating wastewater is that the quality of the electroplating wastewater is complex, the components are not easy to control, and the heavy metal ions such as chromium, copper, nickel, cadmium, zinc, gold, silver and the like and cyanides contained in the electroplating wastewater need to be treated in the chemical wastewater treatment. The treatment technology has high separation efficiency and high precision, and can isolate and recover heavy metals, so the treatment technology has important position in the treatment of electroplating wastewater in future.
The difficulty of the tannery wastewater is that the concentration of three indexes (COD, S2-NH 3-N) is increased and the salt content is increased.
The medical wastewater is difficult because the production characteristics of chemical raw material medicine products are long flow, complex reaction and more byproducts, and reaction raw materials are often solvent substances or compounds with ring-packed structures, so that the wastewater has complex pollutant components, high content, high COD (chemical oxygen demand) value, more toxic and harmful substances and more substances which are difficult to biodegrade, and the wastewater is often difficult to treat and has high treatment cost.
The strong acid and strong base wastewater in the wastewater difficult to treat is difficult to treat. The acidic waste water is mainly from chemical plants, fuel plants, electroplating plants and the like, and the waste water treatment mainly treats various harmful substances or heavy metal salts. The mass fraction of acid in the wastewater treatment is greatly different, the lower is less than 1 percent, and the higher is more than 10 percent. The alkaline waste water mainly comes from printing factories, leather factories, paper factories, oil refineries and the like. When the wastewater is treated, the wastewater contains organic alkali or inorganic alkali, wherein the mass fraction of the alkali is higher than 5 percent, and the mass fraction of the alkali is lower than 1 percent. Acid and alkali wastewater contains acid and alkali, acid salt, basic salt and other inorganic and organic matters.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a polytetrafluoroethylene and basalt composite fiber hollow ultrafiltration membrane, which solves the problems of low filtration precision, no high temperature resistance, no strong acid and strong alkali corrosion resistance, easy pollution, short service life, high membrane manufacturing cost and difficulty in treating wastewater in the prior art.
The purpose of the utility model is realized as follows: the hollow ultrafiltration membrane comprises: a basalt fiber layer, a polytetrafluoroethylene layer, micropores and a membrane central hole; the basalt fiber layer is cylindrical, and a polytetrafluoroethylene layer is coated outside the basalt fiber layer; micropores are densely distributed on the wall of the cylinder of the basalt fiber braided layer, and the combination surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene layer and the basalt fiber layer is compounded at high temperature to form the hollow ultrafiltration membrane with the composite fiber with the membrane central hole.
The basalt fiber layer is formed by interweaving, laminating and weaving basalt fibers into a barrel shape through a weaving machine, and is a supporting barrel body of the composite fiber hollow ultrafiltration membrane; the central hole of the cylinder is a membrane central hole, and the aperture of the membrane central hole is woven according to the requirement; can isolate microorganisms, colloids and other turbid substances in water.
The polytetrafluoroethylene layer is formed by interweaving and laminating polytetrafluoroethylene films through a braiding machine, and is wrapped outside the basalt fiber layer in a braided mode.
The polytetrafluoroethylene layer is coiled by a polytetrafluoroethylene film and is coated outside the basalt fiber layer.
The composite fiber hollow ultrafiltration membrane has the beneficial effects that by adopting the scheme, the inner layer of the structural layer is the basalt fiber layer, the basalt fiber layer is interwoven, laminated and woven by a weaving machine to form a barrel body which is used as a supporting barrel body of the composite fiber hollow ultrafiltration membrane, the polytetrafluoroethylene layer coated outside the supporting barrel body is the polytetrafluoroethylene film, the polytetrafluoroethylene film is woven or wound on the supporting barrel body in a winding and arranging manner, the basalt fiber and the polytetrafluoroethylene film are extremely easy to fuse together at the temperature of 330-340 ℃ after high-temperature compounding because the hot melting temperature of the basalt fiber and the polytetrafluoroethylene film is close, and the fused basalt fiber and the polytetrafluoroethylene film are subjected to hydrophilic treatment to form the composite fiber hollow ultrafiltration membrane.
Because the inner and outer layers of the filter membrane are compounded at high temperature by adopting a double-layer weaving and coating process, the micropores are 0.1-0.3 micron, and bacteria, viruses, suspended matters and the like in water can be effectively removed, the filter precision is ultra-precise; the outer layer of the utility model is a polytetrafluoroethylene layer, so that the utility model has good low friction, smooth surface, easy ash removal, low application resistance, good flame resistance, good insulativity and long service life; because the continuous use temperature range of the basalt fiber is-269-650 ℃, and the polytetrafluoroethylene can be used at-180-260 ℃ for a long time, the utility model has the advantages of high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, strong acid resistance, strong alkali resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, radiation resistance, heat insulation, sound insulation, good filtration, super hydrophilicity, high flux, compressive strength and shear strength, and is suitable for being used in various severe environments, so that the utility model can still realize physical filtration and purification treatment on high-difficulty wastewater such as garbage leachate concentrated solution, desulfurization wastewater, printing and dyeing wastewater, coal chemical wastewater, electroplating wastewater, tanning wastewater, medical wastewater, storage chemical wastewater and the like, and solves a great problem of sewage treatment.
The membrane in the prior art can lose effectiveness and be damaged in strong acid and strong alkali wastewater at early stage; the utility model resists strong acid and strong alkali, and has no pollution and long service life in the waste water of strong acid and strong alkali.
The basalt fiber is an environment-friendly high-performance inorganic silicate fiber, is one of four major fibers which are mainly developed in China, and consists of multiple oxides of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide and titanium dioxide. The basalt fiber is prepared by melting basalt stone at 1450-1500 ℃ and then rapidly drawing the basalt stone through a bushing plate, wherein the continuous use temperature range of the basalt fiber is-269-650 ℃. Compared with high-technology fibers (various high-technology fibers, high-performance fibers, functional fibers, differential fibers, green fibers, new chemical fiber varieties) such as carbon fibers, aramid fiber ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers and the like, the basalt fibers have the characteristics of high strength and high modulus of the high-technology fibers, unique high temperature resistance, strong acid and alkali resistance, oxidation resistance, radiation resistance, heat insulation and sound insulation, good filtration, compression strength and shear strength resistance, are suitable for being used in various severe environments, and are high in cost performance and low in price, so that the basalt fibers are natural inorganic non-metallic materials.
The polytetrafluoroethylene is abbreviated as PTFE in English and is commonly called plastic king, and is a high molecular polymer prepared by polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene as a monomer. After the polytetrafluoroethylene material is subjected to the puffing biaxial stretching process, micropores are uniformly and densely distributed on the prepared wide-band film, the micropores on the film are naturally formed after the polytetrafluoroethylene material is subjected to the puffing biaxial stretching process, the film has a good filtering effect, the pore diameter of the micropores of the film is 0.1-0.3 micrometer, the distribution is uniform, the porosity is high, and dust particles can be filtered while air circulation is kept. The polytetrafluoroethylene has excellent heat resistance and cold resistance, and can be used for a long time at minus 180-260 ℃. The fiber material has the characteristics of strong acid resistance, strong alkali resistance, oxidation resistance and various organic volume resistance, and is almost insoluble in all solvents; high lubrication, which is the lowest coefficient of friction in the fibrous material; the porous membrane has the chemical properties of fine and smooth surface fibers, small friction coefficient, dust resistance, hydrophobicity and stability, so that dust deposited on the surface is easy to clean, and the porous membrane is difficult to adhere even if the dust is wet and is the smallest surface tension in the fiber material; it has no adhesion of any substance and no toxicity. The composite material is applied to the field of filter materials, can be used for filtering high-temperature and high-humidity dust and corrosion-resistant gas, has good low friction, smooth surface, easy ash removal, low application resistance, good flame retardancy, insulativity, heat insulation and long service life.
The utility model relates to an organic and inorganic high-temperature composite hollow ultrafiltration membrane, wherein micropores are distributed on the inner layer and the outer layer, the ultrafiltration membrane is placed in a polluted water pool to be treated and subjected to negative pressure core pulling, microorganisms, colloids, other turbid substances and the like in water are intercepted and separated by a membrane, and purified water is taken out from the membrane pores. And in the same way, when the high-temperature industrial exhaust waste gas and dust are filtered, toxic particles are polluted, the dust is touched and isolated, and the purified gas is taken away from the membrane holes.
The utility model solves the problems of low filtration precision, no high temperature resistance, no strong acid and strong alkali corrosion resistance, easy pollution, short service life, high membrane cost and high difficulty in treating wastewater in the prior art, and achieves the aim of the utility model.
The advantages are that: the utility model has high cost performance, low price, no toxicity and environmental protection; the basalt has the advantages of flame retardance, high breaking strength, strong acid and alkali corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, radiation resistance, heat insulation and sound insulation, super hydrophilicity, no pollution, long service life, high fiber strength of the polytetrafluoroethylene with the melting point of 327 ℃ and high-temperature compounding of the basalt and the fiber, so the basalt has the advantages of high breaking strength, good flame retardance, high modulus, no adhesion and low friction, can efficiently filter high-temperature toxic gas and dust, and solves the problem that high-difficulty waste water is difficult to treat.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a left side view of the structure of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the external pressure type ultrafiltration membrane of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a front view of a prior art structure.
Fig. 7 is a left side view of a prior art structural schematic.
In the figure, 1, a basalt fiber layer; 2. a polytetrafluoroethylene layer; 3. micropores; 4. a central hole of the membrane cylinder; 5. micropores; 6. purifying water; 7. water to be treated; 8. turbid materials.
1-1, coating layer; 1-2, weaving layers of fiber yarns; 1-3, hollow core holes; 1-4, micropores.
Detailed Description
Example 1: the hollow ultrafiltration membrane comprises: the basalt fiber layer 1, the polytetrafluoroethylene layer 2, the micropores 3 and the membrane central hole 4; the basalt fiber layer 1 is cylindrical, and a polytetrafluoroethylene layer 2 is coated outside the basalt fiber layer 1; micropores 3 are densely distributed on the wall of the basalt fiber braided layer, and the combination surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene layer 2 and the basalt fiber layer 1 is compounded at high temperature to form the hollow ultrafiltration membrane with the composite fiber of the membrane central hole 4.
The basalt fiber layer 1 is a barrel-shaped interlaced and laminated structure formed by weaving basalt fibers by a weaving machine, and is a supporting barrel body of the composite fiber hollow ultrafiltration membrane; the central hole of the cylinder is a membrane central hole 5, and the aperture of the membrane central hole 5 is woven according to the requirement; the micropores 3 on the wall of the basalt fiber layer can isolate microorganisms, colloids and other turbid substances in water.
The polytetrafluoroethylene film is a wide-band film manufactured by a biaxial stretching process, the wide-band film is woven outside the support cylinder body of the basalt fiber 1 by a weaving machine, the wide-band film is mutually interwoven and laminated in the weaving process, gaps of weaving cross points are sealed into a whole by hot melting, micropores on the polytetrafluoroethylene film still exist, and the polytetrafluoroethylene film has a good filtering effect.
The film made of the polytetrafluoroethylene material through the puffing biaxial stretching process is a film with micropores, the pore diameter of the micropores of the film is 0.1-0.3 micron, the distribution is uniform, the porosity is high, and dust particles can be filtered while air circulation is kept. Because the surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene film is extremely fine and smooth, has small friction coefficient, is not sticky with dust, is hydrophobic and has stable chemical properties, dust deposited on the surface is easy to clean, and even moist dust is difficult to adhere. The polytetrafluoroethylene layer 2 and the basalt fiber layer 1 are compounded together at high temperature to form the hollow fiber ultra-precision filter membrane.
Example 2: in fig. 5, the polytetrafluoroethylene film is adopted as the polytetrafluoroethylene film for the polytetrafluoroethylene layer 2, the polytetrafluoroethylene film is wound and coated outside the support cylinder of the basalt fiber layer 1, the wound and coated gap is sealed into a whole through hot melting, and micropores on the polytetrafluoroethylene film still exist, so that the polytetrafluoroethylene film has a good filtering effect.
The rest was the same as in example 1.
Claims (4)
1. A polytetrafluoroethylene and basalt composite fiber hollow ultrafiltration membrane is characterized in that: the hollow ultrafiltration membrane comprises: a basalt fiber layer, a polytetrafluoroethylene layer, micropores and a membrane central hole; the basalt fiber layer is cylindrical, and a polytetrafluoroethylene layer is coated outside the basalt fiber layer; micropores are densely distributed on the wall of the basalt fiber layer, and the combination surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene layer and the basalt fiber layer is compounded at high temperature to form the hollow ultrafiltration membrane with the composite fiber with the membrane central hole.
2. The polytetrafluoroethylene basalt composite fiber hollow ultrafiltration membrane according to claim 1, wherein: the basalt fiber layer is formed by interweaving, laminating and weaving basalt fibers into a barrel shape through a weaving machine, and is a supporting barrel body of the composite fiber hollow ultrafiltration membrane; the central hole of the cylinder is a membrane central hole, and the aperture of the membrane central hole is woven according to the requirement; can isolate microorganisms, colloids and other turbid substances in water.
3. The polytetrafluoroethylene basalt composite fiber hollow ultrafiltration membrane according to claim 1, wherein: the polytetrafluoroethylene layer is formed by interweaving and laminating polytetrafluoroethylene films through a braiding machine, and is wrapped outside the basalt fiber layer in a braided mode.
4. The polytetrafluoroethylene basalt composite fiber hollow ultrafiltration membrane according to claim 1, wherein: the polytetrafluoroethylene layer is coiled by a polytetrafluoroethylene film and is coated outside the basalt fiber layer.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202121247851.8U CN215463342U (en) | 2021-06-05 | 2021-06-05 | Polytetrafluoroethylene and basalt composite fiber hollow ultrafiltration membrane |
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| CN202121247851.8U CN215463342U (en) | 2021-06-05 | 2021-06-05 | Polytetrafluoroethylene and basalt composite fiber hollow ultrafiltration membrane |
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