CN215462668U - Dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas - Google Patents
Dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN215462668U CN215462668U CN202023331567.7U CN202023331567U CN215462668U CN 215462668 U CN215462668 U CN 215462668U CN 202023331567 U CN202023331567 U CN 202023331567U CN 215462668 U CN215462668 U CN 215462668U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- dust
- dust removal
- pipeline
- flue gas
- water vapor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Abstract
The utility model discloses a dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas, which comprises a dust-containing flue pipe for conveying flue gas, a dust removal device, a dust-free flue pipe for discharging the flue gas and a smoke exhaust fan, wherein the dust-containing flue pipe is connected with the dust removal device; the dust-containing smoke pipeline is connected with an air inlet of the dust removal device; the dust-free smoke pipeline is connected with an air outlet of the dust removal device; the smoke exhaust fan is arranged in the dust-free smoke pipeline; the dust-containing smoke pipeline is provided with a linear pipe section connected with an air inlet of the dust removal device, and an air channel type heater is arranged on the linear pipe section; the dust removal device comprises at least one dust removal unit, each dust removal unit comprises a shell, a ceramic filter assembly and an ash bucket, the ceramic filter assembly is arranged in an inner cavity of the shell through a filter support plate, and the ash bucket is fixed on the lower side of the shell; a temperature sensor is arranged in the dust-containing smoke pipeline. The dust removal system meets the requirement of a high-temperature waste gas environment, well maintains the thermal stability of the system, and effectively prevents water vapor from being condensed into water, so that the equipment is protected from being corroded and damaged.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the field of dust removal devices, and particularly relates to a dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas.
Background
At present, in the environmental protection treatment industry, dust collectors mainly comprise the following components: bag-type dust remover, water film dust remover, electrostatic dust remover and honeycomb ceramic membrane high temperature dust remover. In the operation process of the honeycomb ceramic membrane high-temperature dust remover, the steam in the flue gas has adverse effect on the operation effect of the dust remover; in the aluminum processing industry, the fuel used by an industrial furnace is generally natural gas, which belongs to clean energy; in the industry, a cloth bag dust remover or a honeycomb ceramic membrane high-temperature dust remover is generally adopted for treating particulate matters in the tail gas of an industrial furnace; in the combustion process of the natural gas, hydrogen and oxygen are combined to generate water, and the water is gasified into steam in the high-temperature flue gas; in an industrial furnace which continuously discharges high-temperature flue gas, the influence of water vapor on a dust remover can be ignored, but the influence is larger in an industrial furnace waste gas treatment facility which intermittently discharges the high-temperature flue gas, the system can keep higher temperature during normal operation, the system temperature is reduced and even maintained at a normal temperature state when the system stops operating intermittently, when the next time of system operation, the high-temperature flue gas is cooled in the system, the water vapor in the flue gas is condensed into liquid water, the liquid water is mixed with dust, massive or pasty substances are easily formed, a filter bag or a honeycomb ceramic core body is blocked, and the normal operation of equipment is influenced; in addition, nitric acid is formed by liquid water and nitrogen oxides in the flue gas, equipment is seriously corroded, and the service life of the equipment is shortened. High-temperature dust-containing flue gas enters a dust remover box body, water vapor is condensed into water after the high-temperature flue gas is cooled, the water and the dust are mixed to block a filter element body, and the water and nitric oxide form nitric acid to corrode equipment.
For the intermittent operation equipment of the type, a method for preventing corrosion is to use stainless steel as a box body material, but the equipment cost is high, and the investment cost is high; for the problem of filter element blockage, through compressed air blowback treatment, wet dust is very easily adhered to the filter cloth bag or the honeycomb ceramic core, blowback pressure is increased, energy consumption is greatly improved, blowback effect is poor, smoke gas passing rate is greatly reduced, and the frequency of replacing the filter element is obviously increased.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas, so as to effectively overcome the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas comprises a dust-containing flue pipe for conveying flue gas, a dust removal device, a dust-free flue pipe for discharging flue gas and a smoke exhaust fan; the dust-containing smoke pipeline is connected with an air inlet of the dust removal device; the dust-free smoke pipeline is connected with an air outlet of the dust removal device; the smoke exhaust fan is arranged in the dust-free smoke pipeline; the dust-containing smoke pipeline is provided with a linear pipe section connected with an air inlet of the dust removal device, and an air channel type heater is arranged on the linear pipe section; the dust removal device comprises at least one dust removal unit, each dust removal unit comprises a shell, a ceramic filter assembly and an ash bucket, the ceramic filter assembly is arranged in an inner cavity of the shell through a filter support plate, and the ash bucket is fixed on the lower side of the shell; a temperature sensor is arranged in the dust-containing smoke pipeline.
Compared with the prior art, the dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas adopts the ceramic filter element body, the characteristics of flame retardance, static resistance and surface non-water absorption well meet the requirement of a high-temperature waste gas environment, the air duct type heater connected with the dust removal device through the straight line pipe section well maintains the thermal stability of the system, and water vapor is effectively prevented from being condensed into water, so that the equipment is protected from being corroded and damaged.
Further, the air duct type heater comprises a machine body, a protective cover, a heating element, a temperature measuring tube and a temperature controller, wherein the left side and the right side of the machine body are respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; the protective cover is positioned at the top of the machine body, a mounting plate is arranged in the protective cover, and the temperature controller is arranged at the top of the protective cover; the heating element is a plurality of electric heating pipes which are vertically arranged in the inner cavity of the machine body and penetrate through the mounting plate; the temperature measuring tube is vertically arranged in the inner cavity of the machine body, penetrates through the mounting plate and is positioned between the heating elements; the air outlet with dust collector air inlet is connected, and the air outlet is equipped with a thermometer. The heating element in the inner cavity of the air duct type heater body generates heat to enable the temperature to reach a set value, and therefore water vapor in high-temperature flue gas is prevented from being condensed into water.
Further, ceramic filter assembly includes six filter cores, and three one row is vertical setting side by side in the inside filtration backup pad of casing, the gas outlet corresponds every filter core position and sets up on the casing lateral wall, and every filter core top is equipped with the apron. The cover plate at the top of the filter element plays a role in protecting the filter element, and the core body is convenient to replace.
Further, the dust removing device comprises two dust removing units, and the two dust removing units are arranged side by side.
Furthermore, the air inlet of the dust removal device is arranged on the ash bucket, the dust-containing smoke pipeline is connected with the air inlet and penetrates through the ash bucket, and the pipeline opening is opposite to the ceramic filtering component. The pipeline directly leads into the ash bucket, and the pipe orifice faces the ceramic filtering component, so that dust originally deposited at the bottom of the ash bucket is prevented from being blown up during ventilation.
Furthermore, the dust removal device also comprises a compressed air cylinder, wherein each filter element is fixed outside the shell and connected with the air outlet through a pipeline, and a pulse back-blowing valve is arranged on the pipeline. The compressed air cylinder carries out blowback to the dust of deposit on the filter core, makes it drop to the ash bucket to avoid the excessive jam filter core of dust deposit.
Further, the pipeline comprises a main pipeline and at least six branch pipelines; the main pipeline is connected with the smoke exhaust fan through a dust-free smoke pipeline; one end of the branch pipeline is connected with the air outlet corresponding to the filter element, and the other end of the branch pipeline is connected with the main pipeline.
Furthermore, the filter elements, the air outlet, the pulse back-flushing valve, the branch pipeline and the compressed air cylinder correspond in number.
Furthermore, the device also comprises an automatic control system which is in electric signal connection with the air duct type heater, the temperature sensor and the pulse back-flushing valve.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a chimney, and the bottom of the chimney is provided with an isolating valve; a flue for conveying dust-containing smoke is arranged below the chimney and is connected with a dust removal device through a dust-containing smoke pipeline; and the side wall of the inner cavity of the chimney, which corresponds to the upper part of the isolating valve, is communicated with the smoke exhaust fan through a dust-free smoke pipe.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a dedusting system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the air channel heater according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of an air channel heater according to an embodiment of the utility model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a partial structure of an air channel heater according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a side view of a dust removing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front view of a dust removing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a partial block diagram of a dedusting system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein the reference numerals are: 1. a dusty smoke pipe; 2. a dust removal device; 3. an air duct heater; 4. a dust-free smoke pipeline; 5. A smoke exhaust fan; 7. a chimney; 8. a flue; 21. an air inlet; 22. an air outlet; 23. a dust removal unit; 24. a compressed air cylinder; 25. a main pipeline; 26. a branch pipeline; 231. a housing; 232. a filter support plate; 234. an ash hopper; 233a, a filter element; 233b, a cover plate; 241. a pulse back-flushing valve; 31. a body; 32. a protective cover; 33. a heating element; 34. a temperature measuring tube; 35. a temperature controller; 311. an air inlet; 312. an air outlet; 322. mounting a plate; 71. a block valve.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the utility model is clearly and completely described below by combining the drawings and the embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1, a dust removal system for removing water vapor from high-temperature flue gas comprises a dust-containing flue pipe 1, an air duct type heater 3, a dust removal device 2, a dust-free flue pipe 4, a smoke exhaust fan 5, an automatic control system and a chimney 7; the dust-containing smoke pipeline 1 is connected with an air inlet 21 of the dust removal device 2; the dust-free smoke pipeline 4 is connected with the air outlet 22 of the dust removal device 2; the air duct type heater 3 is arranged on the dust-containing smoke duct 1; the smoke exhaust fan 5 is arranged in the dust-free smoke pipeline 4.
The dust-containing pipeline 1 is provided with a linear pipe section connected with an air inlet 21 of the dust removing device 2, and the linear pipe section is provided with an air duct type heater 3; a temperature sensor is arranged in the dust-containing smoke pipeline 1.
Referring to fig. 2-4, the air duct heater 3 includes a body 31, a protective cover 32, a heating element 33, a temperature measuring tube 34 and a temperature controller 35, wherein an insulating layer is disposed on an outer side wall of the body 31, and an air inlet 311 and an air outlet 312 are respectively disposed on left and right sides of the body 31; the top of the machine body 31 is connected with a protective cover 32, and a mounting plate 322 is arranged in the protective cover 32; the heating element 33 is vertically arranged in the inner cavity of the machine body 31 and penetrates through the mounting plate 322, and the heating element 33 is specifically eighty-four electric heating pipes; the temperature measuring tube 34 is vertically arranged in the center of the inner cavity of the machine body 31 and is positioned between the electric heating tubes; the temperature controller 35 is fixed on the protective cover 32 to control the air channel heater 3.
Referring to fig. 1-7, the dust removing device 2 has an air inlet 21 and an air outlet 22, and includes two dust removing units 23, twelve compressed air cylinders 24, a main pipeline 25, and twelve branch pipelines 26; the dust removing unit 23 comprises a housing 231, a filter supporting plate 232 arranged in the inner cavity of the housing 231, a ceramic filter assembly arranged on the filter supporting plate 232, and an ash bucket 234 fixed on the lower side of the housing 231; the ceramic filter assembly comprises six honeycomb ceramic filter elements 233a, and three honeycomb ceramic filter elements are vertically arranged on a filter support plate 232 in the inner cavity of the shell 231 side by side in a row; the side wall of the shell 231 corresponding to each filter element 233a is provided with an air outlet 22, and each air outlet 22 is respectively connected with each branch pipeline 26; the top of the housing 231 is provided with cover plates 233b, which are arranged corresponding to the filter elements 233a, and the number of the cover plates 233b corresponds to the number of the filter elements 233a one by one; the ash bucket 234 is arranged at the lower side of the shell 231, the side wall of the ash bucket 234 is provided with an air inlet 21, the air inlet 21 is connected with the dust-containing smoke pipeline 1, the dust-containing smoke pipeline 1 penetrates through the ash bucket 234, and the pipeline opening is opposite to the bottom of the ceramic filter component; the compressed air cylinders 24 are respectively arranged on the shell 231 corresponding to each filter element 233a, connected with each filter element 233a through each branch pipeline 26, and provided with pulse back-blowing valves 241 corresponding to the pipelines of each compressed air cylinder 24; the main pipeline 25 is connected with the smoke exhaust fan 5 through the dust-free smoke pipeline 4, one end of the branch pipeline 26 is connected with the air outlet 22 arranged corresponding to the position of each filter element 233a, and the other end is connected with the main pipeline 25. The filter elements 233a, the air outlet 22, the branch pipes 26, the compressed air cylinder 24 and the pulse back-blowing valve 241 are corresponding in number.
The automatic control system is electrically connected with the air duct type heater 3, the temperature sensor, the pulse back-blowing valve 241 and the smoke exhaust fan 5.
The bottom of the chimney 7 is provided with a closing valve 71, a flue 8 for conveying dust-containing flue gas is arranged below the chimney 7 corresponding to the closing valve 71, and the flue is connected with the dust removal device 2 through a dust-containing flue pipeline 1; and a through hole is formed in the side wall of the inner cavity of the chimney 7, which corresponds to the upper part of the isolating valve 71, and the through hole is connected with the smoke exhaust fan 5 through a dust-free smoke pipeline 4.
The automatic control system sets a specific temperature, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the dust-containing smoke pipeline is lower than the set temperature, a signal is transmitted to the automatic control system, the air duct type heater is automatically started to maintain the thermal stability of the system, and the water vapor is prevented from being condensed into water. When the dust removal system does not exhaust except summer, the automatic control system can automatically start the air duct type heater when receiving the temperature lower than the set temperature during the intermittent operation; when the dust removal system exhausts normally, the automatic control system closes the air duct type heater automatically to reduce energy consumption.
The working process is as follows: high-temperature flue gas enters the dust-containing flue pipe through the flue and is conveyed to the air duct type heater, when a temperature sensor in the dust-containing flue pipe detects that the temperature in the pipe is lower than a set temperature, the automatic control system starts the air duct type heater, and the air duct type heater is heated through the electric heating pipe, so that water vapor is prevented from being condensed into water. The high-temperature flue gas is conveyed into the ash hopper through a linear pipe section connected with the dust removing device through the air outlet of the air duct type heater, and the opening of the pipe is opposite to the ceramic filtering component. The high-temperature flue gas enters the dust removal device, dust is deposited on the surface of a filter element in the ceramic filter assembly, and the purified gas is discharged to each branch pipeline through a gas outlet and then is conveyed to the dust-free flue pipe through a main pipeline connected with the branch pipelines, so that the dust is discharged out of the dust removal device. And the purified gas is conveyed to a chimney through a dust-free smoke pipeline and is discharged through a smoke exhaust fan. The resistance of the ceramic filter component is increased along with the increase of the thickness of the dust layer accumulated on the surface, the ash is removed when the resistance reaches a certain specific value, the automatic control system opens the pulse back-blowing valve, and the compressed air of the compressed air cylinder rushes into the filter element in a very short time, so that the dust on the surface of the filter element is stripped by back-blowing and falls into the ash hopper.
Compared with the prior art, the dust removal system provided by the utility model effectively prevents condensation of water vapor in high-temperature flue gas and back-flushing dust removal through the cooperation of the heater, the dust removal device, the compressed air cylinder and the like, and realizes integration of dust removal, dust removal and protection equipment. The problem of the dust mix block up filter core and comdenstion water corrosion equipment is solved. The ceramic filter body has the characteristics of flame retardance, static resistance and surface non-water absorption, and well meets the high-temperature waste gas environment. The air duct type heater connected with the dust removal device through the straight line pipe section effectively maintains the thermal stability of the system and well prevents the water vapor from being condensed into water. The automatic control system is used for automatically opening or closing the heater according to seasons and the running state of the equipment, so that the energy consumption is reduced while water vapor is prevented from being condensed into water, and the influence of high-temperature flue gas on the running of the dust removal equipment is effectively solved.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express one embodiment of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas comprises a dust-containing flue pipe for conveying flue gas, a dust removal device, a dust-free flue pipe for discharging flue gas and a smoke exhaust fan; the dust-containing smoke pipeline is connected with an air inlet of the dust removal device; the dust-free smoke pipeline is connected with an air outlet of the dust removal device; the smoke exhaust fan is arranged in the dust-free smoke pipeline; the method is characterized in that:
the dust-containing smoke pipeline is provided with a linear pipe section connected with an air inlet of the dust removal device, and an air channel type heater is arranged on the linear pipe section;
the dust removal device comprises at least one dust removal unit, each dust removal unit comprises a shell, a ceramic filter assembly and an ash bucket, the ceramic filter assembly is arranged in an inner cavity of the shell through a filter support plate, and the ash bucket is fixed on the lower side of the shell;
a temperature sensor is arranged in the dust-containing smoke pipeline.
2. The dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas according to claim 1, wherein: the air duct type heater comprises a machine body, a protective cover, a heating element, a temperature measuring tube and a temperature controller, wherein the left side and the right side of the machine body are respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet;
the protective cover is positioned at the top of the machine body, a mounting plate is arranged in the protective cover, and the temperature controller is arranged at the top of the protective cover;
the heating element is a plurality of electric heating pipes which are vertically arranged in the inner cavity of the machine body and penetrate through the mounting plate;
the temperature measuring tube is vertically arranged in the inner cavity of the machine body, penetrates through the mounting plate and is positioned between the heating elements;
the air outlet with dust collector air inlet is connected, and the air outlet is equipped with a thermometer.
3. The dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas according to claim 1, wherein: the ceramic filter assembly comprises six filter elements, wherein the three filter elements are vertically arranged in a row side by side on a filter support plate inside the shell, the gas outlet corresponds to each filter element position and is arranged on the side wall of the shell, and a cover plate is arranged at the top of each filter element.
4. The dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas according to claim 3, wherein: the dust removal device comprises two dust removal units which are arranged side by side.
5. The dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas according to claim 4, wherein: the air inlet of the dust removing device is arranged on the ash bucket, the dust-containing smoke pipeline is connected with the air inlet and penetrates through the ash bucket, and the pipeline opening is opposite to the ceramic filtering component.
6. The dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas according to claim 5, wherein: the dust removal device also comprises a compressed air cylinder, wherein each filter element is fixed outside the shell correspondingly and is connected with the air outlet through a pipeline, and a pulse back-blowing valve is arranged on the pipeline.
7. The dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas according to claim 6, wherein: the pipeline comprises a main pipeline and at least six branch pipelines; the main pipeline is connected with the smoke exhaust fan through a dust-free smoke pipeline; one end of the branch pipeline is connected with the air outlet corresponding to the filter element, and the other end of the branch pipeline is connected with the main pipeline.
8. The dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas according to claim 7, wherein: the filter elements, the air outlet, the pulse back-flushing valve, the branch pipeline and the compressed air cylinder are corresponding in number.
9. The dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas according to claim 1, wherein: and the automatic control system is in electrical signal connection with the air duct type heater, the temperature sensor and the pulse back-blowing valve.
10. The dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas according to claim 1, wherein: the chimney is provided with an isolating valve at the bottom; a flue for conveying dust-containing smoke is arranged below the chimney and is connected with a dust removal device through a dust-containing smoke pipeline; and the side wall of the inner cavity of the chimney, which corresponds to the upper part of the isolating valve, is communicated with the smoke exhaust fan through a dust-free smoke pipe.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202023331567.7U CN215462668U (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202023331567.7U CN215462668U (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN215462668U true CN215462668U (en) | 2022-01-11 |
Family
ID=79718283
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202023331567.7U Active CN215462668U (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN215462668U (en) |
-
2020
- 2020-12-30 CN CN202023331567.7U patent/CN215462668U/en active Active
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN201735287U (en) | High-temperature dust remover of ceramic filter drum | |
| CN102125787B (en) | Runoff long-bag low-pressure pulse bag type dust collector | |
| CN201643893U (en) | Radial flow long-bag low-pressure pulse bag type dust collector | |
| CN106178739A (en) | A kind of horizontally loaded type hot precipitator | |
| CN112870946A (en) | Useless line flue gas purification processing system that burns of danger | |
| CN111440640A (en) | Coal gas high-temperature purification system capable of utilizing waste heat and using method | |
| CN101851695A (en) | Dry bag-type coal gas purifying and recycling process for oxygen-resistant converter | |
| CN215462668U (en) | Dust removal system for removing water vapor in high-temperature flue gas | |
| CN219630891U (en) | Novel converter gas dry-method high-temperature-resistant double-layer filter cylinder dust remover | |
| CN111575435B (en) | Primary dry dedusting system and method for ultra-clean gas recovery converter | |
| CN214233213U (en) | Coal-saving emission-reducing energy-saving device for coal-fired power plant | |
| CN212178910U (en) | Organic waste gas treatment control system | |
| CN201482350U (en) | Pulse-jetting purifying and dust removing system of alkali recovering furnace with multiple black liquor processing capacities | |
| CN102071281A (en) | Converter gas dry method bag type recovering and purifying system and process | |
| CN211274055U (en) | Cremation machine tail gas treatment equipment | |
| CN214182226U (en) | Industrial furnace cloth bag dust remover capable of detecting and replacing damaged cloth bag on line | |
| CN108379956A (en) | A kind of dust-extraction unit | |
| CN203625414U (en) | Dry cloth-bag dust removal device for carbon steel converter capable of recovering waste heat in whole process | |
| CN209638994U (en) | A kind of soot blower system of heating pulverized-coal fired boiler | |
| CN208482176U (en) | The dust pelletizing system of flue gas of pneumatic steelmaking | |
| CN214513433U (en) | High-temperature flue gas waste heat utilization and purification device | |
| CN110848663A (en) | High-efficient automatic coal-fired heating device | |
| CN219141524U (en) | Dust removal treatment equipment for kiln smoke of glass melting furnace | |
| CN216346306U (en) | Novel solve heat accumulation formula thermal oxidation of energy-conserving and environmental protection of production device | |
| CN101664616B (en) | Alkali recovery boiler pulse spay-blow purifying and dedusting system with various black liquid processing abilities |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |