CN215426708U

CN215426708U - Dry powder inhalation device

Info

Publication number: CN215426708U
Application number: CN202121856641.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 尼克·迈尔斯; 李国祯; 王筝; 菲利普·赫尔
Original assignee: University of Nottingham Ningbo China
Current assignee: University of Nottingham Ningbo China
Priority date: 2021-08-10
Filing date: 2021-08-10
Publication date: 2022-01-07
Anticipated expiration: 2031-08-10

Abstract

Disclosed is a dry powder inhalation device in which a receptacle contains dry powder to be inhaled, a mouthpiece includes a mouth for inhalation, one end of a communication device communicates with the receptacle, the other end communicates with the mouth, the communication device has an inner tube wall whose axis is curved, a first transition section has a first length and a first cross section in a longitudinal direction of a vortex tube, the first cross section smoothly transitions from a circular shape with a radius R to a vane shape while the first transition section is twisted by a first predetermined angle in the longitudinal direction, the vortex flow section connects the first transition section, the vortex flow section has a second length and a second cross section in the longitudinal direction of the vortex tube, the second cross section smoothly transitions from the vane shape to a circular shape with a radius R while the vortex flow section is twisted by a second predetermined angle in the longitudinal direction, the second transition section has a third length and a third cross section in the longitudinal direction of the vortex tube, and the third cross section smoothly transitions from the vane shape to a circular shape with a radius R while the second transition section is twisted by a third predetermined angle in the longitudinal direction.

Description

Dry powder inhalation device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of oral inhalation preparations, in particular to a dry powder inhalation device.

Background

An oral inhalation formulation refers to a formulation that delivers a drug to the respiratory tract and/or lungs by the inhalation route for local or systemic action, primarily for the treatment of respiratory and other diseases. Clinically, the common oral inhalation preparation comprises an inhalation aerosol and an inhalation powder aerosol. In contrast to aerosols, inhalation powders are no longer dissolved using a propellant and are stored directly in sachets, blisters or reservoirs. When in use, the medicine powder enters the body by the inspiration of the patient, thereby avoiding the problem of the matching of the breath and the external power.

Pulmonary targeted drug delivery is a type of drug delivery method that delivers drugs to the respiratory tract and lungs and allows the drugs to act directly on or be absorbed at the site of delivery for prophylactic, therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. Dry Powder Inhalers (DPIs) are drug delivery devices that disperse micronized drug alone or mixed with a carrier (forming a particle mass) into a mist (dispersing the particle mass into a plurality of individual particles) through active inhalation by a patient through a special drug delivery device, and then the drug enters the respiratory tract to exert local or systemic effects.

Only when the particle size of the medicine powder particles is 1-5 mu m, the aerosol particles can be widely distributed in the lung, thereby achieving the treatment effect. In most dry powder inhalers, two routes of dry powder formulation are used: a carrier system and an agglomeration system. The reason for using carriers is that micron-sized drug particles have poor flowability and dosing of drugs in extremely small volumes/masses is very difficult. Since the drug particles are much smaller (typically by an order of magnitude) than the carrier (e.g. lactose particles), the smaller particles have limited adhesion to the carrier, thereby forming a coherent mixture. During inhalation, the energy of the patient's inhalation must overcome the adhesive forces to release the drug particles from the carrier into the respiratory tract and further into the lungs. The particles of the drug that cannot be released will be deposited with the carrier after impact at the throat and swallowed into the gastrointestinal tract without being absorbed. In contrast to carrier formulations, agglomerated formulations do not contain large inert materials (e.g., lactose carriers) but rather contain many micron-sized, spherical agglomerates suitable for inhalation. By controlling the degree of agglomeration, the fluidity and dispersibility of the powder can be maintained. During inhalation, the agglomeration system needs to rely on the energy of inhalation to break up the powder network structure, producing primary particles of suitable size for inhalation. Drug release and dispersion is primarily based on air flow, drug collisions with the walls of the inhaler device, and agglomerates-to-agglomerates collisions. An effective dry powder inhalation device should have an airway that produces sufficient airflow shear energy, impaction, while maintaining low respiratory resistance. The inhalation flow channel in the prior art is very simple, so that the medicine powder flows unevenly in the inhalation process, the intermediate flow velocity is too large, the medicine powder easily impacts the oral cavity of a patient, and the inhalation efficiency of the effective components is relatively low and is usually less than 30%. Often, increased doses are required to achieve efficacy, thereby increasing costs and possibly causing side effects. Meanwhile, the respiratory characteristics of different age groups are different, and when the inspiration energy is smaller, the air passage of the inhalation device generates enough shearing energy and collision energy to ensure the release and depolymerization of effective components. The above information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the utility model and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a dry powder inhalation device, which is suitable for generating vortex in an inhalation flow channel, generating large fluid shear energy, increasing collision energy of drug aggregates with the wall surface of an airway, fully realizing depolymerization and dispersion of active ingredients of drugs, and improving delivery effect of the active ingredients. . The purpose of the utility model is realized by the following technical scheme.

A dry powder inhalation device comprising a dry powder inhaler device,

a receptacle that receives a dry powder to be inhaled,

a mouthpiece, which comprises a mouth for inhalation,

a communicating vessel having one end communicating with the container and the other end communicating with the mouth, the communicating vessel having an inner tubular wall with a curved axis, the inner tubular wall comprising,

a first transition section located at an upper end of the inner pipe wall, the first transition section having a first length in a longitudinal direction of the swirl tube and a first cross section smoothly transitioning from a circular shape having a radius R to a vane shape including a square having a side length of 2R and a semicircle having a radius R extending on each side of the square while the first transition section is twisted by a first predetermined angle in the longitudinal direction, a cross-sectional area of the first cross section remaining constant;

a swirl flow section connecting the first transition section, the swirl flow section having a second length in a longitudinal direction of the swirl flow tube and a second cross section that is the vane shape as the swirl flow section twists by a second predetermined angle in the longitudinal direction;

a second transition section connecting the swirling flow section and located at a lower end of the inner tube wall, the second transition section having a third length and a third cross-section in a longitudinal direction of the swirling flow tube, the third cross-section smoothly transitioning from the vane shape to a circle having a radius R while the second transition section is twisted by a third predetermined angle in the longitudinal direction, a cross-sectional area of the third cross-section remaining unchanged, the cross-sectional areas of the first, second and third cross-sections being the same.

In the dry powder inhalation device, the axis is a spiral curve.

In the dry powder inhalation device, the ratio of the first length or the third length to the second length is equal to the ratio of the first predetermined angle or the third predetermined angle to the second predetermined angle.

In the dry powder inhalation device, the inhalation device further comprises a cover cap detachably connected to the suction nozzle unit to close and open the suction nozzle.

In the dry powder inhalation device, the radius

In the dry powder inhalation device, the container is provided with a plurality of containing cavities for containing different dry powders.

In the dry powder inhalation device, the first predetermined length is one fourth of the inner tube wall, the second predetermined length is one half of the inner tube wall, and the third predetermined length is one fourth of the inner tube wall.

In the dry powder inhalation device, the first predetermined angle is 90 degrees, the second predetermined angle is 180 degrees, and the third predetermined angle is 80 degrees.

In the dry powder inhalation device, the first preset angle is 90 degrees, the second preset angle is 180 degrees, the third preset angle is 80 degrees, and the ratio of the sum of the first length, the second length and the third length to the radius R is 8: 1.

In the dry powder inhalation device, the first preset length, the third preset length or both the first preset length and the third preset length are omitted from the communicating vessel, and only the second preset length is reserved.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:

the utility model can prevent and overcome the over-fast intermediate flow velocity in the traditional flow channel, so that part of drug aggregate enters the oral cavity of a patient in the form of large particle clusters without being fully depolymerized, and fine drug particles cannot be depolymerized and released, thereby entering the respiratory tract. The spiral flow channel can generate vortex when a patient inhales, so that the medicine powder is fully depolymerized and released. The problem that in a straight pipe, particles have few collision chances with the pipe wall, directly leave from the middle and only are close to the periphery of the pipe wall, and the particles collide and disperse with the inner wall of the vortex flow pipe is solved. The curved flow channel can also generate centrifugal force, increase collision of drug particles with the wall surface of the flow channel, improve separation of micron-sized effective particles of the drug from large particle carriers, and generate high shear stress on the wall surface of the flow channel, so that the flow channel has self-cleaning effect. Meanwhile, the spiral flow channel generates small resistance, and even and stable flow can be generated at the outlet of the suction nozzle under different suction flow rates.

The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly apparent, and to make the implementation of the content of the description possible for those skilled in the art, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious, the following description is given by way of example of the specific embodiments of the present invention.

Drawings

Various other advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the utility model. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. Also, like parts are designated by like reference numerals throughout the drawings.

In the drawings:

figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a dry powder inhalation device of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the communicating vessel of the dry powder inhalation device of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a superimposed comparison of the cross-section of the mouthpiece of the dry powder inhalation device of the present invention and the cross-section of a conventional circular conduit of the same cross-sectional area of the mouthpiece connection;

FIG. 4 is a separate comparison of the cross-section of the mouthpiece of the dry powder inhalation device of the present invention with the cross-section of a conventional circular conduit of equal cross-sectional area connecting the mouthpiece;

figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communicating vessel of one embodiment of the dry powder inhalation device of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a graph comparing the dispersion rate of the powder particles in the conventional circular tube, the straight axis vortex tube, and the spiral axis flow channel of the present invention.

The utility model is further explained below with reference to the figures and examples.

Detailed Description

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 6. While specific embodiments of the utility model are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the utility model may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the utility model to those skilled in the art.

It should be noted that certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, various names may be used to refer to a component. This specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the utility model, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the utility model and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the utility model. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

For the purpose of facilitating understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will be made by taking specific embodiments as examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the drawings are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.

For better understanding, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, a dry powder inhalation device includes,

a receptacle 6, which contains the dry powder to be inhaled,

a mouthpiece 7, which comprises a mouth for inhalation,

a communicating vessel 1, one end of which communicates with the container 6 and the other end of which communicates with the mouth, the communicating vessel 1 having an inner pipe wall 2 with a curved axis, the inner pipe wall 2 comprising,

a first transition section 3 located at the upper end of the inner pipe wall 2, the first transition section 3 having a first length in the longitudinal direction of the swirl tube and a first cross section smoothly transitioning from a circular shape with a radius R to a vane shape comprising a square with a side length 2R and a semicircle with a radius R extending on each side of the square while the first transition section 3 is twisted by a first predetermined angle in the longitudinal direction, the cross-sectional area of the first cross section remaining constant;

a swirling flow section 4 connecting the first transition section 3, the swirling flow section 4 having a second length in the longitudinal direction of the swirling flow tube and a second cross section which is the shape of the vane as the swirling flow section 4 twists by a second predetermined angle in the longitudinal direction;

a second transition section 5 connecting the swirling flow section 4 and located at a lower end of the inner tube wall 2, the second transition section 5 having a third length and a third cross-section in the longitudinal direction of the swirling flow tube, the third cross-section smoothly transitioning from the vane shape to a circle of radius R while the second transition section 5 is twisted by a third predetermined angle in the longitudinal direction, a cross-sectional area of the third cross-section remaining unchanged, the cross-sectional areas of the first, second and third cross-sections being the same. The first predetermined length, or the third predetermined length, or both the first and third predetermined lengths may be omitted from the connector, leaving only the second predetermined length.

In a preferred embodiment of the dry powder inhaler, the axis is a spiral curve. When the radius and length of the flow channel are determined, the flow channel is tilted to the x-axis (and/or y-axis) by a predetermined angle α in the vertical direction (z-axis). The angle alpha should be such that the powder particles entering with the air flow in a direction parallel to the z-axis do not pass directly through the flow channel but collide with the wall of the flow channel. The angle α is preferably selected between 5 ° and 30 °, with 6 ° to 20 ° yielding a better overall collision effect and a lower breathing resistance. The inclined flow path is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise by a predetermined angle β about the z-axis, thereby generating a spiral axis. The direction of rotation should coincide with the direction of rotation of the four-bladed cross-section to increase the energy to generate the shear flow. The rotation angle is preferably controlled between 90 degrees and 270 degrees, the generated medicine powder breaking effect is good, and the respiratory resistance is small. Further, when alpha is 0 degrees and beta is 0 degrees, the axis is a straight line, and the communicating pipe is a straight vortex pipe.

In one embodiment, the centers of the cross sections of the swirling flow channels are arranged along the spiral axis of the upper drawing, so that a series of powder mist dispersing flow channels with spiral axes can be obtained.

In a preferred embodiment of the dry powder inhalation device, the ratio of the first length or the third length to the second length is equal to the ratio of the first predetermined angle or the third predetermined angle to the second predetermined angle.

In a preferred embodiment of the dry powder inhaler, the inhaler further comprises a cap detachably connected to the mouthpiece 7 unit to close and open the mouthpiece 7.

In a preferred embodiment of the dry powder inhaler, the radius is smaller than the radius of the dry powder inhaler

In the preferred embodiment of the dry powder inhalation device, the container 6 has a plurality of cavities for containing different dry powders.

In a preferred embodiment of the dry powder inhaler, the first predetermined length is one fourth of the inner tube wall 2, the second predetermined length is one half of the inner tube wall 2, and the third predetermined length is one fourth of the inner tube wall 2.

In a preferred embodiment of the dry powder inhalation device, the first predetermined angle is 90 degrees, the second predetermined angle is 180 degrees, and the third predetermined angle is 80 degrees.

In a preferred embodiment of the dry powder inhalation device, the first predetermined angle is 90 degrees, the second predetermined angle is 180 degrees, the third predetermined angle is 80 degrees, and the ratio of the sum of the first length, the second length and the third length to the radius R is 8: 1.

In one embodiment, the grid flow channels may or may not be included in the nozzle 7.

In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical powder may be a single component or a combination of two components.

In one embodiment, the blade shapes may include different numbers of blades, such as a four-blade configuration, a three-blade configuration, and a two-blade configuration. The blade structures may have the same or different blade lengths, or the same or different twist angles.

In one embodiment, the drug delivery device further comprises a cap removably attachable to the suction nozzle 7 unit to close and open the suction nozzle 7.

To further understand the present invention, in one embodiment, the communicating vessel 1 is a curved cylindrical pipe having a cross-section of a blade shape consisting of 4 arc radii r of 180 ° in the inner wall of the pipe, as shown in fig. 4 to 5. The cross section area of the communicating vessel 1 is the same as the equivalent radius cross section area of the circular pipeline, the radius R and the communicating vessel 1 connected with the communicating vessel. The cross section of the communicating vessel 1 comprises a square ABCD and 4 arcs of 180 degrees, and the calculation formula of the radius r of the arcs is as follows:

the connector 1 comprises a transition section of 1/4 lengths at each end and a full vortex flow portion in the middle 1/2. The gradual change section realizes smooth transformation of the shape of the blade with the cross section consisting of a circular arc to 4 arcs of 180 degrees, and simultaneously ensures that the area of the cross section is unchanged, thereby reducing pressure drop caused by vortex flow. Each transition section achieves a cross-sectional twist of 90 °, the complete vortex flow portion achieves a cross-sectional twist of 180 °, thus achieving a cross-sectional twist of 360 ° in the entire connector 1. The ratio of the total length of the single communicating vessel 1 to the equivalent diameter (the equivalent radius is defined as the inner diameter of a circular pipe having the same cross-sectional area as the communicating vessel 1) is 8: 1. for example, fig. 2 shows that the total length of the adopted communicating vessel 1 is 20mm, and the equivalent radius is 2.5 mm. Fig. 6 shows that the ratio of the total length to the equivalent diameter (equivalent radius is defined as the diameter of a circular pipe having the same cross-sectional area as the communicating vessel 1) of a single communicating vessel 1 is 4: 1. In terms of application, the communicating vessel 1 has no moving parts, so the size of the communicating vessel 1 can be enlarged or reduced in an equal ratio according to the equivalent radius of the pipeline to which the communicating vessel is applied. The equivalent radius may be 0.01m to 0.1 m. The wall thickness of the communicating vessel 1 is selected according to the conditions of manufacturing materials, applied pressure, applied temperature and the like.

As shown in FIG. 6, the utility model remarkably improves the dispersion effect of the particle groups, and the dispersion efficiency reaches 99.24%.

The foregoing describes the general principles of the present application in conjunction with specific embodiments, however, it is noted that the advantages, effects, etc. mentioned in the present application are merely examples and are not limiting, and they should not be considered essential to the various embodiments of the present application. Furthermore, the foregoing disclosure of specific details is for the purpose of illustration and description and is not intended to be limiting, since the foregoing disclosure is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise details disclosed.

The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, the description is not intended to limit embodiments of the application to the form disclosed herein. While a number of example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions and sub-combinations thereof.

Claims

1. A dry powder inhalation device comprising,

a receptacle that receives a dry powder to be inhaled,

a mouthpiece, which comprises a mouth for inhalation,

2. The dry powder inhalation device of claim 1, wherein said axis is a helical curve.

3. The dry powder inhalation device of claim 1, wherein the ratio of said first or third length to said second length is equal to the ratio of said first or third predetermined angle to said second predetermined angle.

4. The dry powder inhalation device of claim 1, wherein said inhalation device further comprises a cap detachably attached to the mouthpiece unit to close and open the mouthpiece.

5. The dry powder inhalation device of claim 1, wherein said radius

6. The dry powder inhalation device of claim 1, wherein said receptacle has a plurality of receiving chambers for receiving different dry powders.

7. The dry powder inhalation device of claim 1, wherein the first length is one-quarter of the inner tube wall, the second predetermined length is one-half of the inner tube wall, and the third predetermined length is one-quarter of the inner tube wall.

8. The dry powder inhalation device of claim 1, wherein said first predetermined angle is 90 degrees, said second predetermined angle is 180 degrees, and said third predetermined angle is 90 degrees.

9. The dry powder inhalation device of claim 1, wherein said first predetermined angle is 90 degrees, said second predetermined angle is 180 degrees, and said third predetermined angle is 90 degrees, and the ratio of the sum of said first length, said second length and said third length to the radius R is from 2: 1 to 8: 1.

10. The dry powder inhalation device of claim 1, wherein the connector omits the first predetermined length, or the third predetermined length, or both the first and third predetermined lengths, leaving only the second predetermined length.