CN215418260U - Device for supplementing electrolyte of molten carbonate fuel cell - Google Patents
Device for supplementing electrolyte of molten carbonate fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN215418260U CN215418260U CN202121081630.8U CN202121081630U CN215418260U CN 215418260 U CN215418260 U CN 215418260U CN 202121081630 U CN202121081630 U CN 202121081630U CN 215418260 U CN215418260 U CN 215418260U
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- fuel cell
- electrolyte
- carbon dioxide
- oxygen
- molten carbonate
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 25
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 6
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell, and particularly relates to a device for supplementing electrolyte of the molten carbonate fuel cell. The utility model provides a device for replenishing electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell, which comprises an alkali metal halide heating device, a water tank, a water pump and a water tank, wherein the alkali metal halide heating device is communicated with a cathode chamber of the fuel cell; a gas cylinder for storing carbon dioxide and oxygen in communication with the cathode chamber of the fuel cell; and the gas heating device is used for heating the carbon dioxide and the oxygen. The alkali metal halide is gasified by using the heating device, then the carbon dioxide and the oxygen in the gas cylinder are preheated by using the gas heating device, then the gasified alkali metal halide and the preheated carbon dioxide and oxygen are introduced into a cathode chamber of the fuel cell, and the supplement of the electrolyte is realized by using a chemical reaction method.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell, and particularly relates to a device for supplementing electrolyte of the molten carbonate fuel cell.
Background
The molten carbonate fuel cell is a high-temperature fuel cell power generation technology, which adopts carbonate (potassium carbonate, lithium carbonate and sodium carbonate) as electrolyte, has the working temperature of about 650 ℃, and has wide fuel sources (hydrogen, natural gas, synthesis gas and the like). The modularization of the fuel cell module can realize the quick installation of the fuel cell, is suitable for distributed or fixed power stations, and is widely applied in various countries of the world.
The molten carbonate fuel cell comprises a bipolar plate, an electrode (anode: nickel, cathode: nickel oxide) and the like, the working principle is electrochemical reaction, the anode is that hydrogen reacts with carbonate to generate water, carbon dioxide and electrons, and the cathode is that oxygen reacts with carbon dioxide and the electrons transmitted by the anode to generate carbonate. The carbonate in the molten state serves as an electrolyte medium to complete the transport of electrons and substances. In addition, the electrolyte is molten at the operating temperature, so that the electrolyte evaporates, and the electrolyte reacts with the bipolar plate and the electrode (corrosion of the bipolar plate and dissolution of the electrode), so that the electrolyte is lost during long-term operation of the fuel cell, and the service life of the fuel cell is influenced.
In the prior art, some molten carbonate fuel cell bipolar plates are perforated to externally supplement electrolyte; some use the external vacuum equipment to replenish the electrolyte slurry, to achieve partial replenishment, or use the battery assembly process, add excess electrolyte. The above methods all need to be supplemented at normal temperature, namely, the fuel cell needs to be cooled, so that the efficiency is low, and the last method only adds excessive electrolyte and is not really supplemented.
Therefore, how to supplement the electrolyte efficiently and rapidly at a higher temperature becomes a key factor for restricting the development of the molten carbonate fuel cell, and is a technical problem to be solved in the field.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to overcome the defects that the electrolyte can be supplemented only at normal temperature, the cell structure can be damaged and the like in the prior art, and thus, the utility model provides a device for supplementing the electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell.
Therefore, the utility model provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a method for replenishing electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell, which comprises the following steps:
heating an alkali metal halide to a first temperature to form a vapor;
heating carbon dioxide and oxygen to a second temperature, introducing the carbon dioxide and oxygen and the steam into a cathode chamber of the molten carbonate fuel cell simultaneously, and reacting alkali metal halide with the carbon dioxide and the oxygen to generate carbonate so as to complete electrolyte supplement.
Optionally, the first temperature is 500-700 ℃;
the second temperature is 520-680 ℃.
Optionally, the first temperature is the same as the second temperature.
Optionally, the method further comprises cooling and recycling unreacted raw materials and generated halide vapor.
Optionally, the alkali metal halide is an alkali metal halide in an electrolyte commonly used in a molten carbonate fuel cell, and may be at least one of lithium iodide, potassium iodide, lithium bromide and potassium bromide.
Optionally, the molar ratio of the alkali metal halide to the carbon dioxide and oxygen is (1.8-2.4): (0.9-1.2): (0.3-0.6);
optionally, the flow rate of the carbon dioxide is controlled at 5-10L/min.
The utility model also provides a device for replenishing electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell, which comprises an alkali metal halide heating device, a water supply device and a water supply device, wherein the alkali metal halide heating device is communicated with the cathode chamber of the fuel cell;
a gas cylinder for storing carbon dioxide and oxygen in communication with the cathode chamber of the fuel cell;
and the gas heating device is used for heating the carbon dioxide and the oxygen.
Optionally, the gas cylinder comprises an oxygen cylinder and a carbon dioxide cylinder which are independently arranged.
Optionally, the fuel cell further comprises a cooling device which is communicated with the cathode chamber of the fuel cell. Alternatively, the cooling device may be a water cooling or air cooling device.
Optionally, the gas heating device is a hybrid heater.
Optionally, a container is further provided in the alkali metal halide heating device for containing alkali metal halide, and the container may be a crucible, for example.
The technical scheme of the utility model has the following advantages:
the utility model provides a method for replenishing electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell, which comprises the following steps: heating an alkali metal halide to a first temperature to form a vapor; heating carbon dioxide and oxygen to a second temperature, introducing the carbon dioxide and oxygen and the steam into a cathode chamber of the molten carbonate fuel cell simultaneously, and reacting alkali metal halide with the carbon dioxide and the oxygen to generate carbonate so as to complete electrolyte supplement. The method is firstly used for gasifying alkali metal halide, then preheated carbon dioxide and oxygen are introduced, lithium carbonate is generated in a cathode chamber of the molten carbonate fuel cell by utilizing a chemical reaction, and the supplement effect of electrolyte is realized. The method of the utility model utilizes a chemical reaction method to avoid the problems of long time consumption and low efficiency caused by the need of cooling the fuel cell in the traditional supplement method, and the added electrolyte can solve the problem of the lack of the electrolyte for the long-period operation of the molten carbonate fuel cell.
The method for replenishing the electrolyte of the molten carbonate fuel cell provided by the utility model can reduce the anodic oxidation of the molten carbonate fuel cell by carrying out the chemical reaction of the electrolyte in the cathode chamber.
The method for replenishing the electrolyte of the molten carbonate fuel cell further comprises the step of cooling and recycling unreacted raw materials and generated halide steam, so that the harm to the environment and people can be reduced, and the raw materials can be saved.
The utility model provides a device for replenishing electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell, which comprises an alkali metal halide heating device, a water tank, a water pump and a water tank, wherein the alkali metal halide heating device is communicated with a cathode chamber of the fuel cell; a gas cylinder for storing carbon dioxide and oxygen in communication with the cathode chamber of the fuel cell; and the gas heating device is used for heating the carbon dioxide and the oxygen. The alkali metal halide is gasified by using the heating device, then the carbon dioxide and the oxygen in the gas cylinder are preheated by using the gas heating device, then the gasified alkali metal halide and the preheated carbon dioxide and oxygen are introduced into a cathode chamber of the fuel cell, and the supplement of the electrolyte is realized by using a chemical reaction method.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an apparatus for replenishing electrolyte in a molten carbonate fuel cell according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1, an alkali metal halide heating device; 2. a crucible; 3. an alkali metal halide; 4. a mixing heater; 5. a carbon dioxide cylinder; 6. an oxygen cylinder; 7. a cathode chamber; 8. a cooling device; 9. an anode; 10. separator + electrolyte.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for replenishing electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell, which comprises the following specific steps:
heating lithium iodide to 520 ℃ to form steam;
heating carbon dioxide and oxygen to 520 ℃, introducing the carbon dioxide and the oxygen into a cathode chamber of the molten carbonate fuel cell together with the steam, wherein the molar ratio of lithium iodide to the carbon dioxide to the oxygen is 1.8:0.9:0.3, reacting, and controlling the introduction flow of the carbon dioxide and the oxygen at 5L/min to generate carbonate until the electrolyte supplement is completed.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for replenishing electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell, which comprises the following specific steps:
heating lithium iodide to 550 ℃ to form steam;
heating carbon dioxide and oxygen to 550 ℃, introducing the carbon dioxide and the oxygen into a cathode chamber of the molten carbonate fuel cell together with the steam, wherein the molar ratio of lithium iodide to the carbon dioxide to the oxygen is 2:1:0.5, reacting to generate carbonate, wherein the introduction flow rate of the carbon dioxide and the oxygen is controlled at 6L/min until electrolyte supplement is completed, and cooling and recycling unreacted raw materials and generated halide steam.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for replenishing electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell, which comprises the following specific steps:
heating lithium iodide to 600 ℃ to form steam;
heating carbon dioxide and oxygen to 600 ℃, introducing the carbon dioxide and the oxygen into a cathode chamber of the molten carbonate fuel cell together with the steam, wherein the molar ratio of lithium iodide to the carbon dioxide to the oxygen is 2.2:1.1:0.6, reacting to generate carbonate, wherein the introduction flow rate of the carbon dioxide and the oxygen is controlled at 7L/min until electrolyte supplement is completed, and cooling and recycling unreacted raw materials and generated halide steam.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for replenishing electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell, which comprises the following specific steps:
heating lithium bromide to 620 ℃ to form steam;
heating carbon dioxide and oxygen to 620 ℃, introducing the carbon dioxide and the oxygen into a cathode chamber of the molten carbonate fuel cell together with the steam, wherein the molar ratio of the lithium bromide to the carbon dioxide to the oxygen is 2:1:0.4, reacting to generate carbonate, wherein the introduction flow rate of the carbon dioxide and the oxygen is controlled at 10L/min until the completion of electrolyte supplement, and cooling and recycling unreacted raw materials and generated halide steam.
Example 5
The present embodiment provides an apparatus for replenishing electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell, as shown in fig. 1, comprising:
an alkali metal halide heating device 1 in communication with the cathode chamber 7 of the fuel cell;
a gas cylinder for storing carbon dioxide and oxygen, communicating with the cathode chamber 7 of the fuel cell;
and the gas heating device is used for heating the carbon dioxide and the oxygen.
Optionally, the gas cylinders can be an oxygen cylinder 6 and a carbon dioxide cylinder 5 which are independently arranged and are communicated with the mixing heater 4 to realize mixing and preheating of carbon dioxide and oxygen; the alkali metal halide heating device 1 is also provided with a crucible 2 for containing alkali metal halide.
In some preferred embodiments, the device further comprises a cooling device 8 for cooling and recycling the unreacted raw materials and the generated halide vapor, so that the harm to the environment and people can be reduced, and the raw materials can be saved.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a method for replenishing electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell, which comprises the following specific steps:
by adopting the structure shown in figure 1, a crucible 2 is arranged in an alkali metal halide heating device 1, lithium iodide LiI is arranged in the crucible 2, the heating device heats the lithium iodide in the crucible to 630 ℃, lithium iodide is heated to form lithium iodide steam, the steam enters a cathode chamber of a molten carbonate fuel cell 7 through a pipeline, a carbon dioxide gas bottle 5 and an oxygen gas bottle 6 respectively provide carbon dioxide and oxygen gas, the carbon dioxide and oxygen gas enter a mixing heater 4, then the mixed and preheated gas enters the cathode chamber 7, wherein the molar ratio of lithium bromide to carbon dioxide and oxygen gas is 2:1:0.5, the flow rate of the carbon dioxide and oxygen gas is controlled at 5L/min, and the electrochemical reaction of the potassium iodide, oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the cathode chamber of the molten carbonate fuel cell, and the specific reaction equation is as follows:
the lithium carbonate formed by the reaction provides the electrolyte for the fuel cell. Unreacted starting materials and formed I2The cooling device 8 recycles the waste water.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a method for replenishing electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell, which comprises the following specific steps:
the structure shown in figure 1 is adopted, a crucible 2 is arranged in an alkali metal halide heating device 1, lithium bromide LiBr is arranged in the crucible 2, lithium iodide in the crucible is heated to 650 ℃ by the heating device, lithium bromide is heated to form lithium bromide steam, the steam enters a cathode chamber 7 of the molten carbonate fuel cell through a pipeline, a carbon dioxide gas bottle 5 and an oxygen gas bottle 6 respectively provide carbon dioxide and oxygen gas and enter a mixing heater 4, then the mixed and preheated gas enters the cathode chamber 7, the molar ratio of the lithium bromide to the carbon dioxide to the oxygen gas is 2.4:1.2:0.6, the flow rate of the carbon dioxide and the oxygen gas is controlled to be 8L/min, the electrochemical reaction of potassium bromide, the oxygen and the carbon dioxide occurs in the cathode chamber of the molten carbonate fuel cell, and lithium carbonate generated by the reaction provides electrolyte for the fuel cell. Unreacted starting materials and Br formed2The cooling device 8 recycles the waste water.
In the practical use process, the method for replenishing the electrolyte of the molten carbonate fuel cell needs to detect the loss condition of the electrolyte in the fuel cell, calculate the theoretical amount of alkali metal halide, carbon dioxide and oxygen according to the amount of the electrolyte to be replenished, and then introduce corresponding raw materials according to the amount of 100 plus 150 percent to complete the replenishment of the electrolyte.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the utility model may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the utility model.
Claims (7)
1. An apparatus for replenishing electrolyte in a molten carbonate fuel cell, comprising,
an alkali metal halide heating device in communication with the cathode chamber of the fuel cell;
a gas cylinder for storing carbon dioxide and oxygen in communication with the cathode chamber of the fuel cell;
and the gas heating device is used for heating the carbon dioxide and the oxygen.
2. An apparatus for replenishing electrolyte in a molten carbonate fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein said gas cylinders comprise independently disposed oxygen and carbon dioxide cylinders.
3. An apparatus for replenishing electrolyte in a molten carbonate fuel cell according to claim 1 further comprising cooling means in communication with the cathode chamber of the fuel cell.
4. A device for replenishing electrolyte in a molten carbonate fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein said cooling means is an air cooling means or a water cooling means.
5. An apparatus for replenishing electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein said gas heating means is a hybrid heater.
6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alkali metal halide heating means further comprises a container for holding an alkali metal halide.
7. An apparatus for replenishing electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell according to claim 6, wherein the container is a crucible.
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CN202121081630.8U CN215418260U (en) | 2021-05-19 | 2021-05-19 | Device for supplementing electrolyte of molten carbonate fuel cell |
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CN202121081630.8U CN215418260U (en) | 2021-05-19 | 2021-05-19 | Device for supplementing electrolyte of molten carbonate fuel cell |
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