CN215418226U

CN215418226U - Metal-air battery cathode

Info

Publication number: CN215418226U
Application number: CN202120579359.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曹梅君
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-03-22
Filing date: 2021-03-22
Publication date: 2022-01-04
Anticipated expiration: 2031-03-22

Abstract

The utility model provides a metal-air battery cathode, comprising: a negative electrode container; the negative electrode body is arranged in a negative electrode container, can be taken out of the negative electrode container and comprises one or more negative electrode layers, and each negative electrode layer comprises a negative electrode framework and an active metal layer loaded on the surface of the negative electrode framework; and the negative electrode lead-out wire is communicated with the negative electrode body. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that the firmness of the cathode structure in the whole reaction stage is ensured by loading the active metal layer on the cathode framework, the reaction material is fully utilized, the utilization rate of the reaction material is improved, and the service life is prolonged.

Description

Metal-air battery cathode

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the field of electrochemistry, and particularly relates to a metal-air battery cathode.

Background

In the discharge process of the metal-air battery, the structure and the composition of the cathode play a very important role in discharge efficiency, discharge voltage, reduction of polarization phenomenon and the like.

However, the conventional negative electrode structure mostly adopts a sheet, porous or other structure directly prepared from a negative electrode reaction metal material, but as a consumption material in the negative electrode reaction, structural damage such as negative electrode falling and breaking can occur in the middle and later stages of the battery due to material consumption, and the structural damage can lead to the early scrapping of the battery in a state that the material is not used up, thereby affecting the service life of the battery.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a metal-air battery cathode.

The specific technical scheme is as follows:

a metal-air battery negative electrode, comprising:

a negative electrode container;

the negative electrode body is arranged in a negative electrode container, can be taken out of the negative electrode container and comprises one or more negative electrode layers, and each negative electrode layer comprises a negative electrode framework and an active metal layer loaded on the surface of the negative electrode framework;

and

a negative lead wire in communication with the negative body;

the metal-air battery negative electrode takes the active metal layer as a raw material to generate an oxidation reaction, and the negative electrode framework does not generate a chemical reaction under the condition that the active metal layer exists.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that the firmness of the cathode structure in the whole reaction stage is ensured by loading the active metal layer on the cathode framework, the reaction material is fully utilized, the utilization rate of the reaction material is improved, and the service life is prolonged.

Furthermore, a plurality of through holes are distributed on the negative electrode framework.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the negative electrode framework adopts a distribution porous structure, which is beneficial to the free diffusion of ions or substances participating in the reaction into a reaction system.

Further, the negative electrode framework comprises a plurality of filiform units, and the filiform units are mutually crossed to form a net structure.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the manufacturing method of the porous structure arranged by the scheme is simpler, saves cost, and has larger through holes and better diffusion effect.

Furthermore, the negative electrode framework is made of a high-conductivity metal material, and the conductivity of the negative electrode framework is higher than that of the active metal layer.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the electrons generated during the discharge reaction can be quickly conducted away through the collecting metal with high conductivity, and because the resistivity of the collecting metal is lower, the voltage loss can be reduced, the voltage of the battery can be increased, the electrons can be quickly conducted away after the current is generated, the polarization phenomenon can be reduced, and the discharge efficiency is improved.

Furthermore, the material of the negative electrode framework is Cu.

Further, the active metal layer is wrapped on the outer layer of the filamentous unit.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the specific surface area of the reaction substance on the negative electrode framework is increased, and the reaction rate is increased.

Further, the metal-air battery negative electrode further includes an electrolyte filled in the negative electrode container.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the electrolyte is filled in the negative electrode container.

Further, the metal-air battery negative electrode further comprises an ion-permeable membrane, and the ion-permeable membrane seals the negative electrode body in the negative electrode container.

Further, the ion permeable membrane comprises an anion exchange membrane layer.

Further, the ion permeable membrane comprises an anion exchange membrane layer and a waterproof membrane layer, and the waterproof membrane layer faces the outside of the cathode container.

Further, the ion-permeable membrane comprises a waterproof membrane layer which is a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane.

Further, the negative electrode container comprises a container body and a cavity opening formed in the container body, and one side of the negative electrode framework distribution through hole faces the cavity opening.

Further, the negative electrode body includes a plurality of negative electrode layers.

The further scheme has the beneficial effects that the specific surface area and the loading capacity of the metal are further improved, and the reaction rate is improved.

Further, a water absorbing layer that is in contact with the electrolyte is built in the negative electrode container.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the water absorbing layer can absorb water generated in the electrolyte during discharging, so that severe self-corrosion of metal caused by excessive water is avoided, and the reaction rate of the negative electrode is maintained.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a negative electrode of a metal-air battery of example 1;

FIG. 2 is one embodiment of the negative electrode layer of example 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the negative electrode layer of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a front cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a negative electrode of the metal-air cell of example 1;

FIG. 5 is a front cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a negative electrode of the metal-air cell of example 1;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the filamentary element;

FIG. 7 is a side cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a negative electrode of the metal-air cell of example 1;

in the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:

the negative electrode comprises a negative electrode container-1, a container body-101, a cavity opening-102, a negative electrode body-2, a negative electrode layer-201, a negative electrode framework-2011, an active metal layer-2012, a negative electrode lead-out wire-3, a through hole-2011 a, a filamentous unit-2013, an electrolyte-4, an ion permeable membrane-5, a negative electrode collector-6 and a water absorption layer-7.

Detailed Description

The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model.

Example 1

The present embodiment provides a metal-air battery negative electrode, including:

as shown in fig. 1, a negative electrode container 1, a negative electrode body 2 accommodated in the negative electrode container 1, the negative electrode body 2 being removable from the negative electrode container 1, the negative electrode body 2 including one or more negative electrode layers 201, a negative electrode lead 3 communicating with the negative electrode body 2; the negative electrode layer 201 includes a negative electrode skeleton 2011 and an active metal layer 2012 loaded on the surface of the negative electrode skeleton 2011, the active metal layer 2012 is prepared from a metal material capable of undergoing an oxidation reaction in an electrochemical system, and a specific material of the active metal layer 2012 can be replaced according to different requirements or environments of the system, specifically, in this embodiment, the material of the active metal layer is aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the oxidation reaction formula is as follows:

the negative pole body reaction formula is:

Al-3e→Al³⁺

Al³⁺+4OH^-→AlO^2-+2H₂O。

in this embodiment, in order to increase the amount of the reaction metal to be supported and to extend the service life of the battery, the negative electrode body 2 is formed by a plurality of negative electrode layers 201.

As shown in fig. 2 to 6, different negative electrode layers 201 can be formed by using negative electrode skeletons 2011 with various structures and matching with corresponding load modes of the active metal layer 2012.

As shown in fig. 2 to 3, the active metal layer 2012 may be supported on the entire negative electrode skeleton 2011.

In this embodiment, in order to facilitate the passage of ions participating in the oxidation reaction, specifically, OH "ions, a plurality of through holes 2011a are distributed on the negative electrode skeleton 2011, and the shape and the manufacturing form of the through holes are not limited, and various manners may be adopted.

As shown in fig. 4, a through hole 2011a may be formed in the entire negative electrode frame 2011, and the active metal layer 2012 may be loaded on the negative electrode frame 2011 where the through hole is not formed.

Or as shown in fig. 5 to 6, a plurality of filamentous units 2013 are crossed to form a mesh structure, and the active metal layer 2012 is wrapped on the outer layer of the filamentous units 2013. When the scheme is adopted, the manufacturing method is simpler, the cost is saved, the through hole is larger, the diffusion effect is better, the specific surface area of the active metal layer on the negative electrode framework is improved, and the reaction rate is improved.

In this embodiment, in order to increase the conduction rate of electrons generated by the reaction, the negative electrode skeleton 2011 is made of a high-conductivity metal material that does not participate in the reaction (the metal activity is lower than that of the active metal layer), and specifically, in this embodiment, the negative electrode skeleton is made of Cu.

In order to increase the reactive metal layer reaction rate, in this embodiment, the liquid electrolyte 4 is injected into the negative electrode container 1, so that the reactive metal layer 2012 can react with the liquid electrolyte sufficiently. The alcohol anhydrous solvent contains hydroxyl and can form hydrate with water, so that part of inorganic strong base such as potassium hydroxide is dissolved, organic strong base can be completely dissolved, and water molecules generated by the reaction of aluminum hydroxide and the strong base in the reaction can be completely dissolved in the electrolyte.

In the case of electrolyte injection into the cathode container, to reduce subsequent assembly procedures, OH is conveniently employed^-The negative electrode body 2 is sealed in the negative electrode container 1 by the ion permeable membrane 5, and in this embodiment, the negative electrode container 1 includes a container body 101 and a cavity opening 102 provided in the container body. The configuration of the ion permeable membrane 5 is preferably as shown in fig. 4 and 5, and the side of the negative electrode frame 2011 having the through-hole 2011a faces the orifice, and more preferably, the configuration shown in fig. 5 is used.

In order to further reduce the self-decomposition hydrogen reaction degree of the metal-air battery cathode and greatly improve the utilization rate of the metal active layer, a waterproof measure is adopted in the metal-air battery cathode to prevent water from entering the cathode container, in the embodiment, the ion permeable membrane 5 is overlapped with a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane layer (not shown in the figure) by adopting an anion exchange membrane layer (not shown in the figure), and the polytetrafluoroethylene membrane layer faces the outer side of the cathode container 1 to diffuse OH^-Ions, and can prevent moisture from entering.

Meanwhile, a water absorbing layer 7 which is in contact with the electrolyte 4 is arranged inside the negative electrode container 1, and the material of the water absorbing layer 7 is prepared from anhydrous calcium oxide.

Comparative example 1

This comparative example provides a metal-air battery negative electrode, which was made of the same Al material as in example 1 into a sheet-like structure, removed of the negative electrode skeleton, and charged into the negative electrode cavity, and which was made of the same material as in example 1, and the remaining structure was the same as that shown in fig. 7 of example 1.

Example 2

In each structure of the battery assembled by the negative electrode (containing the water-absorbing layer) having the negative electrode layer structure of fig. 2 in example 1, the negative electrode (containing the water-absorbing layer) shown in fig. 4, the negative electrode (containing the water-absorbing layer) shown in fig. 5, and the negative electrode of comparative example 1 and the positive electrode using oxygen and water as raw materials, the mass of Al was 50g, and when the discharge capacity of the battery in each battery was 0, the mass of unspent Al and the power during discharge were counted, and the test results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 discharge Voltage and duration of use test

Negative electrode	Power (W)	Mass (g) of remaining Al
			FIG. 2	11	4
FIG. 4	26	3.8
			FIG. 5	31	2
Comparative example 1	7	17

As can be seen from table 1, example 1 is different from comparative example 1 in that the negative electrode skeleton is used to support the active metal layer, and the utilization rate and discharge efficiency of the active metal layer are significantly higher than those of the negative electrode skeleton which is not used;

secondly, utility model human finds that the rate of utilization and the efficiency of discharging of the active metal layer of seting up the through-hole on the skeleton carrier are superior to not adopting the through-hole structure, on seting up the mode, adopt filiform unit alternately netted and can further improve rate of utilization and efficiency of discharging again.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the utility model, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. A metal-air battery negative electrode, comprising:

a negative electrode container;

and

and the negative electrode lead-out wire is communicated with the negative electrode body.

2. The metal-air battery cathode as recited in claim 1, wherein the cathode frame has a plurality of through holes, and the active metal layer is supported at the through holes.

3. The metal-air battery negative electrode of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode skeleton comprises a plurality of filiform units, and the filiform units are intersected with each other to form a net structure.

4. The metal-air battery negative electrode of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode backbone is made of a high conductivity metal material.

5. The metal-air battery negative electrode of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode skeleton is made of Cu.

6. The metal-air battery negative electrode of claim 3, wherein the active metal layer is wrapped around an outer layer of the filamentary element.

7. The metal-air battery anode of claim 1, further comprising an electrolyte filled in the anode container.

8. The metal-air battery anode of claim 1, further comprising an ion-permeable membrane that seals the anode body in the anode container.

9. The metal-air battery negative electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the negative electrode body includes a plurality of negative electrode layers and a negative collector electrode, the negative collector electrode connects all the negative electrode layers together, and the negative lead line is connected to the negative collector electrode.

10. The metal-air battery negative electrode of claim 7, wherein a water-absorbing layer that contacts the electrolyte is built into the negative electrode container.