CN215417179U - Novel household circuit demonstration board - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a novel household circuit demonstration board which comprises a base, a handle, an installation panel and a demonstration circuit in a figure 1. The demonstration circuit comprises an electric energy meter, a leakage protector, a single-control first lamp and a first socket in a first loop controlled by a first air switch, a second socket in a second loop controlled by a second air switch, a double-control second lamp in a third loop controlled by a third air switch and a digital display timer at the upper left corner of a panel. The demonstration circuit demonstrates experimental auxiliary equipment-the human simulator of figure 2. The utility model has the advantages that all components on the panel are clear and visual, the composition of modern novel household circuits and the installation mode of all components can be comprehensively displayed, various common fault phenomena can be comprehensively demonstrated, and students can feel strong visually.

Description

Novel household circuit demonstration board

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a junior middle school physics teaching aid, and belongs to the technical field of teaching demonstration equipment.

Background

In the teaching of physics family circuit and family's safe power consumption in junior middle school, mr often only relies on textbook picture of inserting and wall map to carry out the explanation of family's circuit, and the student can't know the composition of family's circuit, the effect of connection and each components and parts directly perceivedly, and some current family's circuit demonstration boards have components and parts of many old-fashioned yet, and student's home has not basically had, causes the teaching difficulty, can not satisfy the needs that the student learnt family's circuit.

The patent authorization bulletin text is a patent authorization bulletin text with an authorization bulletin number of CN206411979U, a publication date of 2017, 08 and 15 and a name of 'a junior middle school physical family circuit demonstration teaching aid', and discloses a junior middle school physical family circuit demonstration teaching aid which only adopts a 12V direct current power supply to simulate some fault phenomena of a family circuit, has limited demonstration content and effect and cannot enable students to visually and truly feel a 220V lighting circuit.

The demonstration board is also an old-fashioned knife switch, adopts an old-fashioned wiring mode with only one loop, is not in line with modern and new-style household circuits, cannot demonstrate the phenomenon of circuit overload, cannot demonstrate the experiment that a leakage protector immediately trips to automatically cut off a circuit to protect the safety of a human body when a person gets an electric shock, cannot demonstrate the fault phenomenon that a zero line is broken, cannot demonstrate the experiment of actual electric power measured and calculated by an electric appliance, and is troublesome to replace once a fuse in the knife switch is blown.

The patent publication No. CN210155959U, published as 2020, 03, 17 and entitled "a household circuit demonstration circuit board" discloses a household circuit demonstration circuit board, the wiring of which does not conform to the actual household circuit wiring and may mislead students, the demonstration circuit board cannot demonstrate the phenomenon of circuit overload, cannot demonstrate the experiment that a leakage protector trips immediately to automatically cut off a circuit to protect the safety of a human body when a person gets an electric shock, cannot demonstrate the fault phenomenon that a zero line is broken, cannot demonstrate the experiment of measuring and calculating the actual electric power of an electric appliance, and the demonstration circuit board is also provided with old fuses which do not conform to the modern household circuit.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the problem that the existing household circuit demonstration teaching aid is not matched with the latest actual household circuit at present, the utility model aims to provide the demonstration teaching aid which has the same structure as the actual household circuit at present, adopts 220V alternating current power supply, can show the modern novel household circuit composition and the connection of various components, demonstrates common faults in the modern household circuit, has multiple demonstration functions, is intuitive in demonstration effect and is convenient to carry.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows:

the novel household circuit demonstration board comprises a base, an installation panel, a demonstration circuit installed on the installation panel, a three-pin male plug at the back of the installation panel and a digital display timer;

the demonstration circuit comprises an electric energy meter and a distribution box, wherein a leakage protector, a first air switch, a second air switch and a third air switch are arranged in the distribution box,

the input ends of a live wire and a zero line of the electric energy meter are respectively connected with corresponding leads in the three-pin male plug; the output ends of the live wire and the zero line of the electric energy meter are respectively connected with the input ends of the live wire and the zero line of the leakage protector; the live wire output end of the leakage protector is connected with the input end of the first air switch, the input end of the second air switch and the input end of the third air switch in parallel;

the output end (live wire) of the first air switch is connected with the zero line output end of the leakage protector, the first loop live wire, the first loop zero line, the rail clamping type fuse holder, the first switch, the first lamp and the first socket to form a first loop;

the output end (live wire) of the second air switch is connected with the zero line output end of the leakage protector, the live wire of the second loop, the zero line of the second loop and the second socket to form a second loop;

the output end (live wire) of the third air switch is connected with the zero line output end of the leakage protector, the live wire of the third loop, the zero line of the third loop, the second switch, the third switch and the second lamp to form a third loop;

the grounding wire in the three-pin male plug is well connected with the metal shell of the distribution box, the grounding wire of the first socket, the grounding wire of the second socket and the wiring end of the small male plug in parallel.

The installation panel is provided with human simulator outward, and human simulator includes the transparent water bottle that contains water, and transparent water bottle bottom is provided with first naked copper line electrode, and first naked copper line electrode passes through the female plug connection of wire with small-size male plug butt joint, and transparent water bottle top is provided with the naked copper line electrode of second, and the naked copper line electrode of second is connected with the test pencil metal pole.

In the first loop, a first switch is connected in series with a first lamp and then connected in parallel with a first socket between a first loop live wire and a first loop zero wire.

And the second switch, the third switch and the second lamp in the third loop are connected into a double-control lamp circuit.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the technical progress of the utility model is as follows.

1. The novel platform is provided with the base, can be placed on a platform and is convenient for teachers to teach, and the lifting handle is arranged at the top of the platform and is convenient to carry;

2. the power line and the experiment panel are connected in a plug-in mode, and the power line is plugged in the experiment panel when in use and is pulled out and placed into the panel back paper box when not in use, so that the experiment panel is convenient to take and carry;

3. the utility model adopts 220V alternating current power supply, is the same as the current real family circuit, can be used for showing and testing various family circuits, and has strong visual feeling for students;

4. the utility model can demonstrate that when the electric appliances with different powers are connected into the circuit, the times of flickering of the indicator light of the electric energy meter are different, thereby improving the understanding of students on the speed of current doing work;

5. the utility model can really demonstrate, measure and calculate the actual electric power of an electrical appliance;

6. the utility model can truly demonstrate that when a person in a household circuit uses an electric appliance to get an electric shock improperly, the leakage protector trips, and the circuit is automatically cut off, thereby protecting the personal safety;

7. the utility model can truly demonstrate the fault phenomenon when the zero line is broken;

8. the utility model can truly demonstrate the fault phenomenon of the overload of the household circuit;

9. the utility model can truly demonstrate the fault phenomenon of the household circuit short circuit.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the human body simulator according to the present invention;

the labels in the figure are: 1-base, 2-third switch, 3-second lamp, 4-third loop zero line, 5-second switch, 6-third loop live line, 7-second loop live line, 8-first loop live line, 9-first small hole, 10-second small hole, 11-handle, 12-installation panel, 13-electric energy meter, 14-digital display timer, S₁Power supply switch of digital display timer, S₂-a time switch of a digital display timer, 15-live line in house line, 16-neutral line in house line, 17-distribution box, 18-earth-leakage protector, 19-first air switch, 20-second air switch, 21-third air switch, 22-three-pin male plug, 23-clip-rail fuse holder, 24-second loop neutral line, 25-first loop neutral line, 26-first electric lamp, 27-first switch, 28-first socket, 29-first socket earth wire, 30-small male plug, 31-second socket, 32-second socket earth wire, 33-first bare copper wire electrode, 34-pure water bottle, 35-waste transparent plastic wine box, 36-water, 37-second bare copper wire electrode, 38-second hard wire, 39-test pencil tail, 40-test pencil metal rod, 41-test pencil tip, 42-second soft wire, 43-small female plug, 44-first flexible conductor, 45-first rigid conductor.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The new home circuit demonstration board comprises a mounting panel 12 on a base 1 in fig. 1, a demonstration circuit on the mounting panel 12, a three-pin male plug 22 at the back of the mounting panel 12, a digital display timer 14, a human body simulator shown in fig. 2 and the like.

The mounting panel 12 is a 90cm × 60cm 2K drawing board, and has a transverse length of 90cm and a vertical height of 60 cm.

2 square battens (the cross section is 3.5cm multiplied by 2cm) with the length of 30cm are nailed at the two ends of the bottom of the 2K drawing board by iron nails, then a T-shaped stainless steel corner brace is used for reinforcing to form a firm base 1, and a stainless steel handle 11 is arranged in the middle of the top end of the drawing board.

A 4.5cm x 2.5cm hole is made in the upper left corner of the mounting panel 12 for receiving a digital display timer 14.

The electric energy meter 13 is installed at about 2cm from the top 1cm to the right of the digital display timer 14.

A distribution box 17 (a PZ30 open-mounted 8-loop distribution box can be adopted) is mounted at a position of about 7cm below the electric energy meter 13, a 2P 16A leakage protector 18 is mounted on the left side in the distribution box 17, and a first air switch 19 (the specification is 1P 3A), a second air switch 20 (the specification is 1P 6A) and a third air switch 21 (the specification is 1P 6A) are sequentially mounted on the right side.

About 15cm department on block terminal 17 right side is used for installing first electric light 26 apart from about 28cm department installation screw socket lamp stand in the top, is close to the bright box of panel bottom installation plastics below this lamp stand and is used for installing first switch 27, and the bright box of plastics is used for installing first socket 28 in the right-hand height such as about 10cm of this lamp stand and lamp stand installation, and the bright box of plastics is used for installing second socket 31 in the right-hand about 10cm of first socket 28 reinstallation, and the right-hand about 10cm of second socket 31 reinstallation screw socket lamp stand is used for installing second electric light 3. And a plastic exposed box is respectively arranged at the upper right corner and the lower right corner of the panel and is used for installing a second switch 5 and a third switch 2.

At the back left edge of the digital display timer 14, two boat switches (one red mounted on top and one green mounted on bottom) were fixed by being sandwiched by 3 small wooden blocks (4cm × 3.5cm × 2cm) with 102 glue on the back panel (a piece of flexible wire was soldered on the terminals of the two boat switches before fixing). The upper red boat-type switch is a power supply switch S of a digital display timer₁The next green boat-type switch is a time switch S of a digital display timer₂。

The digital display timer 14 is powered by a 6V direct-current power supply, 4 dry batteries of No. 7 can be arranged in 4 battery boxes of No. 7, the battery boxes are correctly connected with a red boat-shaped switch and two power supply lines of the digital display timer, a green boat-shaped switch and two timing lines of the digital display timer are correctly connected, and the digital display timer adopts a 0.56-inch nixie tube to display time. And sleeving a heat-shrinkable tube before connecting each wire, welding all the joints by using an electric iron, moving the heat-shrinkable tube to the welded joints after welding, and heating the heat-shrinkable tube by using a lighter to shrink and fix the heat-shrinkable tube at the welded joints so as to ensure the insulation of the welded joints.

Considering the problem of the center of gravity of the whole teaching aid, a hole with the square of 10cm multiplied by 10cm can be formed at the position of the second electric lamp 3 on the back of the panel, and the battery box is placed in the hole.

A three-pin male plug 22 (the three-pin male plug 22 can adopt a three-pin male plug on a power line of a server PDU) is arranged at the position, 15cm away from the bottom, behind the left edge of a panel, the other end of a female plug of the power line of the server PDU is cut off, the outer skin of the server PDU is stripped off for standby after 10cm long, the three lines inside the server PDU are respectively brown, blue and yellow green, the three lines inside the server PDU are flatly stuck on a wood board by 102 glue, then the upper part and the lower part of the server PDU are respectively clamped by small wood blocks of 4cm multiplied by 3.5cm multiplied by 2cm, the small wood blocks are flatly stuck on the wood board by 102 glue, and after a plurality of hours, the small wood blocks are dried by 102 glue and then fixed by hot melt glue, so as to ensure firm sticking.

A first wiring hole with the cross-sectional area of 2.5mm is connected to the left side of the lower end of the electric energy meter 13²A red hard wire which forms a live wire 15 in the service wire, and a third wiring hole which is connected with a cross section area of 2.5mm²The black hard wire forms a zero line 16 in the service wire, two holes are drilled on a panel on the left side of the electric energy meter, and a live wire 15 in the service wire and the zero line 16 in the service wire penetrate into the back of the panel for standby.

A second hole at the lower end of the electric energy meter 13 is connected with a cross-sectional area of 2.5mm²A red hard wire (corresponding to a live wire) is connected downwards to a left wiring hole (live wire terminal) at the input end of a leakage protector 18 in a distribution box 17, and a fourth hole at the lower end of the electric energy meter 13 is connected into a cross-sectional area of 2.5mm²A black hard wire (equivalent to the neutral wire) is connected down to the earth leakage protector 18 in the distribution box 17 in the right wiring hole (neutral terminal) at the input end.

A left wiring hole at the output end of the leakage protector 18 is connected with a wiring hole with the cross section area of 2.5mm²A red hard wire as a live wire which is wound from the left side of the earth leakage protector 18 to the input end of the first air switch 19, and the input ends of the first air switch 19, the second air switch 20 and the third air switch 21 are respectively provided with a small section of cross section area of 2.5mm²The red hard wire is well crossed.

A wiring hole with the length of about 120cm and the cross section area of 1mm is connected from the output end of the third air switch 21²The red hard wire is used as a third loop live wire 6, the third loop live wire 6 penetrates out of the distribution box 17 and then is horizontally and vertically connected into the second switch 5, the wire is adhered to the panel by 102 glue, and a right wiring hole with the length of about 120cm and the cross section area of 1mm is connected into the right wiring hole from the output end of the leakage protector 18²And finally, the third circuit zero line 4 is connected to a binding post connected with a lamp holder spiral sleeve where the second lamp 3 is located, and the second lamp, the second switch and the third switch are connected to form a double-control lamp circuit.

A wiring hole with the length of about 120cm and the cross section area of 1mm is connected from the output end of the second air switch 20²The red hard wire is used as a second loop live wire 7, the second loop live wire 7 penetrates out of the distribution box 17 and then is horizontally and vertically connected into a second socket 31, the second loop live wire 7 is adhered to the panel by 102 and is parallel to a third loop zero wire 4, the distance between the two wires is about 1.5cm, and a wire connecting hole with the length of about 120cm and the cross section area of 1mm is connected into the second loop live wire 7 from the right wire connecting hole at the output end of the leakage protector 18²The black hard wire is used as a second loop zero wire 24, the second loop zero wire 24 is stuck on the panel and is parallel to the second loop live wire 7, the distance between the two wires is about 0.5cm, finally, the second loop live wire 7 is connected to a live wire binding post in the second socket 31, the second loop zero wire 24 is connected to a zero wire binding post in the second socket 31, and the socket binding post meets the requirements of left zero and right fire.

A wiring hole with the length of about 60cm and the cross section area of 1mm is connected from the output end of the first air switch 19²The red hard wire is used as a first loop live wire 8, a first small hole 9 with the diameter of about 6mm is drilled at the position 1.5cm below a second loop zero wire 24 above a first switch 27 before the red hard wire is connected with the first loop live wire 8, then the first loop live wire 8 penetrates into the first small hole 9 to the back of a panel, the red hard wire is stuck on the panel by 102 glue and is parallel to the second loop zero wire 24, the distance between the two wires is about 1.5cm, and then a section with the length of about 25cm and the cross-sectional area of 1mm is taken²One end of the red hard wire is connected to the live wire binding post in the first socket 28, the other end of the red hard wire penetrates through the first small hole 9 to the back of the panel, the wire is stuck on the panel by using 102 glue, the wire is parallel to the zero line 24 of the second loop in the horizontal direction, and the distance between the two lines is about 1.5 cm. A second small hole 10 of about 6mm in diameter is also drilled 0.5cm below the live line 8 of the first loop above the lamp base in which the first lamp 26 is located.

A clamping rail type fuse seat 23 is installed below a first loop live wire 8 below a distribution box 17 in parallel, a glass tube fuse is pulled out, and a soft copper wire is welded at two ends of the glass tube fuse by using an electric iron so as to prevent the glass tube fuse from being blown during a short circuit experiment.

Taking a section of the cross section area of 1mm with the length of about 30cm²The black hard wire is connected out of the left end connecting post of the rail clamping type fuse holder 23 to serve as a first loop zero line and is connected to the right connecting hole of the output end of the leakage protector 18.

Taking a section with the length of about 50cm and the cross section area of 1mm²The black hard wire is connected out from a terminal at the right end of the clamping rail type fuse holder 23 and penetrates into the second small hole 10 to the back of the panel as a first loop zero line, the first loop zero line 25 is also adhered to the panel and is parallel to the first loop live wire 8, and the distance between the two lines is determined according to the size of the clamping rail type fuse holder 23.

Taking a section of the steel pipe with the length of about 25cm and the cross section area of 1mm²One end of the black hard wire is connected into the zero line binding post in the first socket 28, the other end of the black hard wire penetrates into the second small hole 10 to the back of the panel, the wire is stuck on the panel by using 102 glue and is parallel to the first loop live wire 8 in the horizontal direction.

Taking a section of the steel pipe with the length of about 20cm and the cross section area of 1mm²One end of the black hard conducting wire is connected to a terminal connected with the lamp and the screw sleeve of the first electric lamp 26, the other end of the black hard conducting wire penetrates through the second small hole 10 to the back of the panel, and the conducting wire is vertically adhered to the panel by using 102 glue.

Taking a section of the material with the length of about 50cm and the cross section area of 1mm²One end of the red hard wire is connected with the first switch 27, the other end of the red hard wire penetrates through the first small hole 9 to the back of the panel, crosses the position of the first loop zero line 25, is bent into an arc shape by a pliers, and is vertically adhered to the panel by 102 glue。

Taking a section of the material with the length of about 30cm and the cross section area of 1mm²One end of the red hard wire is connected into the first switch 27, the other end is connected into the lamp holder of the first lamp 26, and the red hard wire is vertically adhered to the panel by 102 glue.

A small male plug 30 is mounted on the bottom of the panel below the ground lead 29 of the first socket 28. the small male plug 30 can be glued 102 to the bottom of the panel, and then reinforced with hot melt glue when the glue dries.

Three red wires penetrating through the first small holes 9 to the back of the panel are well connected, insulation measures are made, three black wires penetrating through the second small holes 10 to the back of the panel are also well connected, insulation measures are made, and finally the first small holes 9 and the second small holes 10 are blocked by hot melt adhesive.

Grounding terminals in the three-hole sockets of the first socket 28 and the second socket 31 are respectively connected to a grounding terminal with a length of about 30cm and a cross-sectional area of 1mm²The yellow green hard wires are respectively provided with a small hole at a position of about 12cm below each socket, and the respective grounding wires are respectively penetrated into the back of the panel from the small holes.

The live wire 15 in the house lead is well connected with the brown wire in the three-pin male plug 22 at the back of the panel, and insulation measures are taken; the zero line 16 in the house lead is well connected with the blue line in the three-pin male plug 22, and insulation measures are taken; the yellow-green wire in the three-pin male plug 22 is well connected with the metal shell of the distribution box 17, the first socket grounding wire 29, the second socket grounding wire 32 and the terminal of the small male plug 30, and insulation measures are taken.

Because the wiring behind the panel back is more, influence pleasing to the eye, can cover the back with a 90cm x 40cm KT board behind the board, the concrete method is: according to the size of the KT board, 4 small wood blocks of 5cm multiplied by 3.5cm multiplied by 2cm are glued on the back of the panel by 102, and the KT board is fixed on the small wood blocks by self-tapping screws, so that the distance of about 2cm is naturally reserved between the KT board and the drawing board.

A waste paper box of 10cm multiplied by 50cm is fixed on a base 1 at the back of the panel and is used for placing a power line, a test pencil, a spare bulb and the like.

The following describes the manufacturing process of the human body simulator in fig. 2:

(1) taking a section with the cross section area of about 1mm²A red hard wire 45 with the length of about 15cm is removed, an insulating skin with the length of about 5cm is removed, then a small hole is scalded in the center of the bottom of a 500ml waste pure water bottle 34, so that the bare copper wire can penetrate into the small hole for about 4.8cm to form a first bare copper wire electrode 33 at the bottom, the bare copper wires are fixed at the small hole by hot melt adhesive inside and outside the bottle, water cannot leak, and the bare copper wires outside the bottle are sealed by hot melt adhesive to ensure insulation.

(2) A small hole is ironed in the middle of the cover of the waste purified water bottle 34, and another section with the cross section area of 1mm is taken²A red second hard wire 38 approximately 15cm in length. The wire penetrates through the small hole by about 8cm, the wire is fixed on the bottle cap through hot melt adhesive, the contact position of the wire and the bottle cap cannot leak water, the insulating skin of the wire in the bottle is peeled by about 7cm to form a top second bare copper wire electrode 37, a proper amount of water 36 (simulating a human body) is filled into the bottle, the cap is screwed on, and when the second bare copper wire electrode under the bottle cap is immersed into the water by about 2cm, the bottle cap is screwed down.

(3) In order to ensure the safety of teachers during operation, double-layer insulation can be arranged, namely, the water bottle 34 is put into a 13cm x 33cm waste transparent plastic wine box 35, a small hole is formed at the top of the wine box, a second hard wire 38 on a water bottle cap is penetrated out, the second hard wire 38 is fixed at the small hole by hot melt adhesive, an insulating skin of about 1cm is broken at a port, one end of a section of 30cm long second soft wire 42 is removed with an insulating skin of about 1cm and then is welded with the second hard wire 38, a heat shrinkable tube is sleeved at the welding position for insulation, a soft copper wire is wound on a metal test pencil rod 40 after the other end of the soft wire is removed with an insulating skin of about 3cm, then a thick layer of hot melt adhesive is poured on the surface of the soft copper wire to ensure that the soft copper wire is well insulated from the outside, a small hole is also formed on the side surface of the bottom of the wine box, a first hard wire 45 at the bottom of the water bottle is penetrated out from the small hole, and the first hard wire 45 is fixed at the small hole by the hot melt adhesive, the port is broken by about 1cm of insulating skin, one end of the other 40cm long first flexible conductor 44 is removed by about 1cm of insulating skin and then welded with the hard conductor, the welding position is sheathed with heat-shrinkable tube for insulation, and the other end of the flexible conductor is connected with a female plug 43 corresponding to the small male plug 30. Thus, a simple and safe human body simulator is made.

The teaching and demonstration process by adopting the utility model is as follows:

(1) the novel household circuit demonstration board is placed on a platform, faces students, a 60W incandescent lamp is arranged in a lamp holder of a first electric lamp 26, a 10W LED lamp is arranged in a lamp holder of a second electric lamp 3, and the structure of a household circuit is explained to form the functions and the installation mode of all components of the household circuit.

(2) The leakage protector switch and each air switch are closed, a pin tail female plug of a power line (a 5m long power line of an electric cooker can be adopted) is inserted into the three-pin male plug 22 of the demonstration board, and then the three-pin plug at the other end of the power line is inserted into a three-hole socket of a 220V lighting circuit in a classroom.

(3) The first switch 27 is opened and the first lamp 26 is illuminated, which is a single control lamp circuit.

(4) The second switch 5 and the third switch 2 are respectively pulled, and the second lamp 3 can be controlled by observing the two switches, which is a double-control lamp circuit.

(5) The stylus point metal bodies are inserted into the left jacks of the first socket 28 and the second socket 31 respectively, the neon tubes of the stylus are not luminous, and then the stylus point metal bodies are inserted into the right jacks of the two sockets respectively, the neon tubes of the stylus are luminous, and the condition that the left jacks of the two sockets are connected with a zero line and the right jacks of the two sockets are connected with a live line is shown.

(6) The demonstration compares the energy-saving conditions of the incandescent lamp and the LED lamp. The specific method comprises the following steps: when the 60W incandescent lamp of the first electric lamp 26 and the 10W LED lamp of the second electric lamp 3 are turned on, the 10W LED lamp can be observed to have a brightness greater than that of the 60W incandescent lamp, indicating that the LED lamp is more energy-saving than the incandescent lamp.

(7) The demonstration household circuit is characterized in that all the electric appliances are connected in parallel. The specific method comprises the following steps: the first electric lamp 26 and the second electric lamp 3 are both lighted, a glove is provided, one of the bulbs is unscrewed, the operation of the other bulb cannot be influenced, and the operation of the electric appliances of the parallel circuit is not interfered mutually.

(8) Demonstrating the relationship between the speed of the electric energy meter indicator lamp flickering and the electric power of the electric appliance connected to the circuit: the specific method comprises the following steps: the first electric lamp 26 is turned on to emit light, the electric energy meter indicator lamp is observed to flicker slowly, the electric lamp is turned off, a hair drier with the rated power of about 2000W is inserted into the second socket 31, the hair drier working switch is turned on to start working, and the electric energy meter indicator lamp is observed to flicker quickly.

(9) Demonstrating and measuring the actual electric power of an electrical appliance: the specific method comprises the following steps: all the electric appliances on the panel are closed, one electric hair drier is inserted into the second socket 31, and the power supply switch S of the digital display timer 14 at the upper left corner of the panel is opened₁The digital display timer 14 displays zero, and then the hair dryer work switch and the digital display timer 14 are closed simultaneously to time the switch S₂When the electric hair drier starts to work, the digital display timer 14 starts to time, the time required by the indicator lamp on the electric energy meter 13 to flash for N times is recorded, and the actual electric power of the electric hair drier can be calculated by combining the data plate on the electric energy meter 13.

(10) And (5) demonstrating the fault phenomenon when the zero line is broken. The specific method comprises the following steps: closing the first switch 27 to enable the first lamp 26 to emit light, measuring the left and right jacks of the first socket 28 by using the test pencil, and finding that when the test pencil measures the left jack, the neon tube of the test pencil does not emit light, and when the test pencil measures the right jack, the neon tube of the test pencil emits light; the first switch 27 is turned off to turn off the first lamp 26, and the left and right insertion holes of the first socket 28 are measured by a test pencil, which causes the same phenomenon as before. And then, the first switch 27 is closed, the first lamp still emits light, at the moment, the fuse on the rail clamping type fuse holder 23 on the zero line of the first circuit is pulled out, the zero line 25 of the first circuit is cut off, the first lamp 26 is extinguished, the left jack and the right jack of the first socket 28 are respectively measured by the test pencil, the neon tubes of the test pencil all emit light, the rail clamping type fuse is inserted after the demonstration is finished, and the original state is recovered.

(11) The phenomenon that when someone in a household circuit improperly contacts a live wire to get an electric shock by using an electric appliance, the leakage protector trips to automatically cut off the circuit is demonstrated. The specific method comprises the following steps: the female plug 43 in the human body simulator of fig. 2 is inserted into the small male plug 30 (equivalent to a person standing on the ground), the pen tail 39 of the test pencil is held by a hand, the pen point 41 of the test pencil is contacted with the live wire (equivalent to a person touching the live wire), the current flows into the ground through the human body simulator, the earth leakage protector trips instantly, the circuit is cut off automatically, and personal safety is protected. After the demonstration, firstly, a reset button of the leakage protector is pressed, then a switch of the leakage protector is closed, and the original shape is recovered.

(12) And demonstrating the fault of the circuit breaking. The specific method comprises the following steps: the first electric lamp 26 is turned on to emit light, the second electric lamp 3 is turned on to emit light, an electric appliance is inserted into the first socket 28 and the second socket 31 respectively to enable the electric appliances to work normally, the first air switch 19 is turned off, the first electric lamp 26 is turned off, and the electric appliances on the first socket 28 stop working. The second air switch 20 is turned off and the electrical consumer at the second socket 31 stops operating. The third air switch 21 is turned off and the second lamp 3 is extinguished. The first air switch 19, the second air switch 20 and the third air switch 21 are switched on, the switch of the leakage protector 18 is switched off, and all the electric appliances stop working. After the experiment, all the electric appliances are closed, and the switch of the leakage protector 18 is closed.

(13) And demonstrating the fault of the circuit overload. The specific method comprises the following steps: when the first electric lamp 26 is turned on, the first electric lamp 26 emits light, then a hair drier with the volume of about 2000W is inserted into the first socket 28, the hair drier working switch is turned on, after about 2 seconds, the first air switch 19 trips, the hair drier stops working, and the first electric lamp 26 is turned off. After the experiment is finished, the electric hair drier is pulled off, and the first air switch 19 is closed.

(14) And demonstrating the fault of the short circuit. The specific method comprises the following steps: a copper core hard wire with two ends of about 10cm long and a small section of insulating sheath removed is used, the insulating edge is held by one hand, the two ends of the copper core hard wire are respectively inserted into live wire and zero wire jacks of a second socket 31, the second air switch 20 and the leakage protector 18 can be tripped immediately (the air switch in a classroom can also be tripped simultaneously), the copper core hard wire is automatically disconnected, the leakage protector 18 and the second air switch 20 are closed after the demonstration is finished, and the original state is recovered.

(15) After the demonstration is finished, the power cord is pulled down, folded and placed in the paper box at the back.

Claims (4)

1. The novel household circuit demonstration board is characterized by comprising a base (1), an installation panel (12), a demonstration circuit arranged on the installation panel (12), a three-pin male plug (22) at the back of the installation panel (12) and a digital display timer (14);

the demonstration circuit comprises an electric energy meter (13) and a distribution box (17), wherein a leakage protector (18), a first air switch (19), a second air switch (20) and a third air switch (21) are arranged in the distribution box (17);

the input ends of a live wire and a zero wire of the electric energy meter (13) are respectively connected with corresponding leads in the three-pin male plug (22); the live wire output end and the zero wire output end of the electric energy meter (13) are respectively connected with the live wire input end and the zero wire input end of the leakage protector (18) correspondingly; the live wire output end of the leakage protector (18) is connected with the input end of the first air switch (19), the input end of the second air switch (20) and the input end of the third air switch (21) in parallel;

the live wire output end of the first air switch (19) is connected with the zero line output end of the leakage protector (18), the first loop live wire (8), the first loop zero line (25), the rail clamping type fuse holder (23), the first switch (27), the first electric lamp (26) and the first socket (28) to form a first loop;

the live wire output end of the second air switch (20) is connected with the zero line output end of the leakage protector (18), the second loop live wire (7), the second loop zero line (24) and the second socket (31) to form a second loop;

the live wire output end of the third air switch (21) is connected with the zero line output end of the leakage protector (18), the third loop live wire (6), the third loop zero line (4), the second switch (5), the third switch (2) and the second lamp (3) to form a third loop;

the grounding wire in the three-pin male plug (22) is well connected with the metal shell of the distribution box (17), the grounding wire of the first socket (28), the grounding wire of the second socket (31) and the terminal of the small male plug (30) in parallel.

2. The new home electronics demonstration board of claim 1, wherein: the human body simulator is arranged outside the mounting panel (12) and comprises a transparent water bottle (34) containing water, a first bare copper wire electrode (33) is arranged at the bottom of the transparent water bottle (34), the first bare copper wire electrode (33) and a first hard wire (45) are connected with a small female plug (43) through a first soft wire (44), a second bare copper wire electrode (37) is arranged at the top of the transparent water bottle (34), and the second bare copper wire electrode (37) and a second hard wire (38) are connected with a test pencil metal rod (40) through a second soft wire (42).

3. The new home electronics demonstration board of claim 1, wherein: in the first loop, a first switch (27) and a first electric lamp (26) are connected in series and then connected between a first loop live wire (8) and a first loop zero wire (25) in parallel with a first socket (28).

4. The new home electronics demonstration board of claim 1, wherein: and a second switch (5), a third switch (2) and a second electric lamp (3) in the third loop are connected into a double-control lamp circuit.

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