CN215415023U - Novel low-power consumption infrared gas sensor - Google Patents
Novel low-power consumption infrared gas sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN215415023U CN215415023U CN202120108511.0U CN202120108511U CN215415023U CN 215415023 U CN215415023 U CN 215415023U CN 202120108511 U CN202120108511 U CN 202120108511U CN 215415023 U CN215415023 U CN 215415023U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a novel low-power consumption infrared gas sensor which comprises a gas absorption pool, an optical transceiver module, a data processing module, a temperature and humidity sensor and a power management unit, wherein the gas absorption pool is connected with the optical transceiver module; the temperature and humidity sensor collects temperature and humidity information in the gas absorption tank; the optical transceiver module comprises a light source driving and detector simulation front end unit, an LED infrared light source, a measurement photoelectric detector and a reference photoelectric detector, wherein the LED infrared light source emits a measurement light beam; the reference photoelectric detector receives the measuring light beam which does not pass through the gas absorption cell to generate a reference light signal; the measuring photoelectric detector receives the measuring light beam passing through the gas absorption cell to generate a measuring light signal; the data processing module controls the light source driving and detector analog front end unit to generate a light source driving pulse signal for driving the LED infrared light source to emit measuring light beams, and calculates and obtains hydrocarbon gas concentration data according to the measuring light signal, the reference light signal and the temperature and humidity signal.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of fire fighting equipment, in particular to a novel low-power-consumption infrared gas sensor.
Background
With the vigorous development of the oil and gas industry and the coal industry in China, accidents related to hydrocarbon gas leakage are increasing day by day. The integrated, miniaturized, low-power-consumption and maintenance-free novel gas sensor is developed, can accurately detect the leakage of hydrocarbon gas in pipelines of industrial areas and residential areas and the accumulation of hydrocarbon gas in mines in real time, and has important significance for guaranteeing safe production and improving the quality of life of people.
Common methods for detecting hydrocarbon gas include electrochemical method, catalytic combustion method, solid electrolyte method, infrared spectrum absorption method, etc. The detection method based on the infrared spectrum absorption principle has the advantages of high sensitivity, high response speed, good selectivity and the like, and has a good application prospect.
At present, in some occasions, such as battery-powered underground pipe networks, battery-powered industrial wireless alarms, portable instruments and other application fields with requirements on low power consumption, the traditional infrared gas sensor cannot meet the requirement on low power consumption.
In order to solve the above problems, people are always seeking an ideal technical solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a novel low-power infrared gas sensor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that: a novel low-power consumption infrared gas sensor comprises a gas absorption cell, an optical transceiver module, a data processing module, a temperature and humidity sensor and a power management unit;
the temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in the gas absorption tank and used for collecting temperature and humidity information in the gas absorption tank and outputting temperature and humidity signals;
the optical transceiver module comprises a light source driving and detector simulation front end unit, an LED infrared light source, a measurement photoelectric detector and a reference photoelectric detector, wherein the LED infrared light source is arranged at a light source inlet of the gas absorption cell and used for emitting a measurement light beam to the gas absorption cell; the reference photoelectric detector is arranged between the LED infrared light source and the light source inlet and used for receiving the measuring light beam which does not pass through the gas absorption cell and generating a reference light signal; the measurement photoelectric detector is arranged at a light source outlet of the gas absorption cell and used for receiving the measurement light beam passing through the gas absorption cell and generating a measurement light signal; the light source driving and detector analog front end unit is respectively connected with the LED infrared light source, the measuring photoelectric detector and the reference photoelectric detector, and is used for generating a light source driving pulse signal for driving the LED infrared light source to emit a measuring light beam and amplifying and performing analog-to-digital conversion on the measuring light signal and the reference light signal;
the data processing module is respectively connected with the light source driving and detector analog front end unit and the temperature and humidity sensor, and is used for controlling the light source driving and detector analog front end unit to generate the light source driving pulse signal, receiving the measuring light signal and the reference light signal sent by the light source driving and detector analog front end unit and the temperature and humidity signal sent by the temperature and humidity sensor, and calculating to obtain hydrocarbon gas concentration data according to the measuring light signal, the reference light signal and the temperature and humidity signal;
the power management unit is respectively connected with the data processing module, the temperature and humidity sensor and the optical transceiver module and used for supplying power to the data processing module and the optical transceiver module.
Based on the above, the gas absorption cell comprises a shell, a reflector seat, an emission receiving seat and a light source detector PCB are oppositely arranged in the shell, and the LED infrared light source, the measurement photoelectric detector and the light source drive and detector analog front end unit are respectively installed on the light source detector PCB; a light source inlet and a light source outlet of the gas absorption cell are respectively arranged on the transmitting and receiving seat, and at least one reflecting surface is arranged between the light source inlet and the light source outlet; the reflector seat is provided with at least two reflecting surfaces, wherein the reflecting surface on the transmitting and receiving seat and the reflecting surface on the reflector seat are arranged at intervals; the LED infrared light is emitted to the reflector base from the light source inlet, and is emitted to the measuring photoelectric detector from the light source outlet after being reflected for multiple times by reflecting surfaces on the reflector base and the transmitting and receiving base.
Based on the above, a first parabolic curved surface reflecting cup is arranged at the light source inlet, the focus of the first parabolic curved surface reflecting cup is the central position of the light source inlet, and the first parabolic curved surface reflecting cup is used for focusing light emitted by the light source inlet through a parabolic curved surface thereof to obtain a beam of parallel light beams to be emitted;
and a second parabolic curved surface reflecting cup is arranged at the light source outlet, the focus of the second parabolic curved surface reflecting cup is the central position of the light source outlet, and the second parabolic curved surface reflecting cup is used for focusing the parallel light beams reflected by the reflecting surface on the transmitting and receiving seat through the parabolic curved surface thereof and transmitting the parallel light beams from the light source outlet.
Based on the above, the transmitting and receiving seat and the reflecting surface on the reflector seat as well as the first parabolic curved surface reflecting cup and the second parabolic curved surface reflecting cup are coated with the anti-oxidation coating layer.
Based on the above, all seted up the gas inlet port on the lateral wall of shell and the diapire, the outside of inlet port is provided with waterproof ventilated membrane.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has substantive characteristics and progress, concretely, the utility model is provided with an LED infrared light source at the light source inlet, a measuring photoelectric detector at the light source outlet for receiving a photometric beam to measure the concentration of hydrocarbon gas, and a reference photoelectric detector at the LED infrared light source side for detecting the light output power of the LED infrared light source in real time so as to eliminate the influence of the light output power change on a sensor caused by the change of ambient temperature or the aging of the light source; meanwhile, compensation is carried out by utilizing a temperature and humidity sensor; compared with the traditional infrared gas sensor, the infrared gas sensor has the advantages of low power consumption, sensitive reaction, long service life, no poisoning, saturation resistance and the like compared with an electrochemical sensor and a catalytic sensor.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an optical path transceiver module according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of a data processing module according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a housing; 2. a mirror base; 3. a transmitting and receiving seat; 4. a light source inlet; 5. a light source outlet; 6. a reflective surface; 7. a first parabolic curved surface reflector cup; 8. a second parabolic curved surface reflector cup; 9, LED infrared light source; 10. a reference photodetector; 11. a measuring photodetector; 12. light source detector PCB board.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a novel low-power consumption infrared gas sensor, which includes a gas absorption cell, an optical transceiver module, a data processing module, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a power management unit;
the temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in the gas absorption tank and used for collecting temperature and humidity information in the gas absorption tank and outputting temperature and humidity signals;
the optical transceiver module comprises a light source driving and detector simulation front end unit, an LED infrared light source, a measurement photoelectric detector and a reference photoelectric detector, wherein the LED infrared light source is arranged at a light source inlet of the gas absorption cell and used for emitting a measurement light beam to the gas absorption cell; the reference photoelectric detector is arranged at the light source inlet of the gas absorption cell and used for receiving the measuring light beam which does not pass through the gas absorption cell and generating a reference light signal; the measurement photoelectric detector is arranged at a light source outlet of the gas absorption cell and used for receiving the measurement light beam passing through the gas absorption cell and generating a measurement light signal; the light source driving and detector analog front end unit is respectively connected with the LED infrared light source, the measuring photoelectric detector and the reference photoelectric detector, and is used for generating a light source driving pulse signal for driving the LED infrared light source to emit a measuring light beam and amplifying and performing analog-to-digital conversion on the measuring light signal and the reference light signal;
the data processing module is respectively connected with the light source driving and detector analog front end unit and the temperature and humidity sensor, and is used for controlling the light source driving and detector analog front end unit to generate the light source driving pulse signal, receiving the measuring light signal and the reference light signal sent by the light source driving and detector analog front end unit and the temperature and humidity signal sent by the temperature and humidity sensor, and calculating to obtain hydrocarbon gas concentration data according to the measuring light signal, the reference light signal and the temperature and humidity signal;
the power management unit is respectively connected with the data processing module, the temperature and humidity sensor and the optical transceiver module and used for supplying power to the data processing module and the optical transceiver module.
Because the light source of the novel low-power consumption infrared gas sensor is an infrared LED, the novel low-power consumption infrared gas sensor adopts an electroluminescence PN junction mechanism, has very high response speed, and can emit light with very high energy by driving for 1 mu s. The light source adopts a pulse modulation mode, and even if the instantaneous driving current is as high as 1-2A, the power consumption can be in a muA level due to the extremely high response speed and the very low duty ratio. The LED light source has high modulation frequency, can be measured for many times in a short time, and further improves the measurement accuracy of the sensor. The wavelength coverage range of the existing infrared LED light source is 1.6-5.5 mu m, and the LED light sources with different central wavelengths are required to be selected for measuring different hydrocarbon gases.
Preferably, the power management unit uses a low-dropout, low-quiescent current linear regulator with a turn-off pin, which can improve the power utilization and minimize the standby power consumption of the sensor. The data processing module comprises a low-power microcontroller chip.
The novel low-power consumption infrared gas sensor adopts the LED light source with extremely low power consumption and the photoelectric detector with very high response speed as core elements, and uses the low-duty-cycle pulse modulation mode to drive the light source, so that the running power consumption of the sensor can be as low as muA level, and the novel low-power consumption infrared gas sensor is suitable for application fields with requirements on low power consumption, such as underground pipe networks powered by batteries, industrial wireless alarms powered by batteries, portable instruments and the like.
The LED infrared light source is arranged at the inlet of the light source, the measuring photoelectric detector is arranged at the outlet of the light source to receive a photometric light beam to measure the concentration of hydrocarbon gas, and the reference photoelectric detector is also arranged at the side of the LED infrared light source to detect the light output power of the LED infrared light source in real time so as to eliminate the influence of the light output power change on the sensor caused by the change of the environmental temperature or the aging of the light source; meanwhile, compensation is carried out by utilizing a temperature and humidity sensor; compared with the traditional infrared gas sensor, the infrared gas sensor has the advantages of low power consumption, sensitive reaction, long service life, no poisoning, saturation resistance and the like compared with an electrochemical sensor and a catalytic sensor.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the data processing module is implemented as follows:
when no gas exists, the same light signal sent by the LED infrared light source is irradiated to the reference photoelectric detector and the measurement photoelectric detector respectively, under the condition that the ambient temperature and the light path structure are unchanged, the intensity of the received signal on the reference photoelectric detector and the intensity of the signal received on the measurement photoelectric detector are changed along with the change of the light source light-emitting power, and the change trends are consistent.
The ratio of the intensity of the received signal on the measuring photoelectric detector to the intensity of the received signal on the reference photoelectric detector can eliminate the influence of the change of the light source light-emitting power, and the ratio is constant under the condition that the environmental temperature and the light path structure are unchanged.
However, since the measurement photodetector and the reference photodetector are affected by the difference of the materials for preparation, the position in the sensor is not consistent, and the like, the signal intensity varies with the temperature under the same light power irradiation, and the variation trend is not consistent.
Specifically, when there is no hydrocarbon gas in the environment, the ratio of the intensity of the signal received by the measuring photodetector to the intensity of the signal received by the reference photodetector is defined as a zero point, and the zero point is affected by temperature, and the formula is as follows:
When no hydrocarbon gas exists in the environment, calibrating the zero points under different environment temperatures, and calculating the relation curve between the environment temperature and the zero point. And calculating the zero point of the sensor according to the relation curve and the current environment temperature value.
The humidity correction can eliminate zero drift caused by water-air interference, correct the zero point of the sensor in different humidity environments, and calculate a humidity correction curve. And correcting the zero point of the sensor according to the humidity value in the gas absorption tank.
According to the lambert beer's theorem, when hydrocarbon gas exists in the environment, the light signal emitted by the light source penetrates through the hydrocarbon gas to be absorbed partially, and the intensity of the signal received by the measuring photoelectric detector is reduced.
Wherein, the lambert beer theorem: when the incident light intensity is constant, the absorbance of the medium is proportional to the product of the concentration of the light-absorbing substance in the medium and the light-absorbing optical path length L. The formula is as follows:
A = 
wherein A is the absorbance, IOIs the intensity of incident light, ItIn terms of transmitted light intensity, K is the molar absorption coefficient, l is the thickness of the medium, and c is the concentration of the light absorbing material, wherein the molar absorption coefficient K is affected by the ambient temperature.
Defining the change of the signal intensity of the measuring photodetector caused by the absorption of the optical signal as absorbance, which is expressed by the following formula:
And calibrating the absorbance under the environment that the ambient temperature is unchanged and the hydrocarbon gas with different concentrations, and calculating a concentration curve. And calculating the concentration of the hydrocarbon gas in the environment according to the concentration curve and the current absorbance value.
According to the lambert beer's theorem, the ambient temperature will have a certain influence on the intensity of the light signal absorbed by the gas, and the calculated hydrocarbon gas concentration needs to be corrected according to the current ambient temperature.
Under the environment containing the hydrocarbon gas with the same concentration, the different environmental temperatures can cause different absorbances, and the coefficient curves of the influence of the different environmental temperatures on the absorbances are calculated. And correcting the calculated hydrocarbon gas concentration according to the coefficient curve and the current environment temperature, and outputting the measured hydrocarbon gas concentration data.
Example 2
The specific structure of the gas absorption cell is provided in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the gas absorption cell includes a housing, a reflector base 2, an emission receiving base 3, and the light source detector PCB board 12 are relatively disposed in the housing 1, and the LED infrared light source 9, the measurement photodetector 11, and the light source drive and detector analog front end unit are respectively mounted on the light source detector PCB board 12; specifically, the LED infrared light source 9 is provided with the light source detector PCB 12 corresponding to the light source inlet 4, the measurement photodetector 11 is provided with the light source detector PCB 12 corresponding to the light source outlet 5, and the light source driving and detector analog front end unit is further provided on the light source detector PCB 12; a light source inlet 4 and a light source outlet 5 of the gas absorption cell are respectively arranged on the transmitting and receiving seat 3, and at least one reflecting surface is arranged between the light source inlet 4 and the light source outlet 5; the reflector base 2 is provided with at least two reflecting surfaces, wherein the reflecting surface on the transmitting and receiving base 3 and the reflecting surface on the reflector base 2 are arranged at intervals; the LED infrared light is emitted to the reflector base 2 from the light source inlet 4, and is reflected to the measuring photoelectric detector 11 from the light source outlet 5 after being reflected for multiple times by the reflecting surfaces on the reflector base 2 and the transmitting and receiving base 3.
The lateral wall and the bottom wall of the shell are both provided with gas inlet holes, so that gas enters the gas absorption pool formed by the shell 1, the reflector base 2 and the transmitting and receiving base 3. The outer side of the air inlet hole is provided with a waterproof breathable film, so that the light path structure can be prevented from being polluted by liquid and dust.
The reflecting surfaces on the reflector base 2 and the transmitting and receiving base 3 are both reflecting curved surfaces, and the number of the reflecting surfaces arranged between the light source inlet 4 and the light source outlet 5 is one less than that of the reflecting surfaces arranged on the reflector base 2; two reflecting surfaces on the edge of the reflector base 2 correspond to the light source inlet 4 and the light source outlet 5 respectively.
In this embodiment, the infrared light entering from the light source inlet 4 is reflected by the first reflection surface on the reflector base 2, and then is converged onto the first reflection surface of the transceiver base 3, and then is sequentially converged onto the second reflection surface on the reflector base 2 and the second reflection surface of the transceiver base 3.
The light source inlet 4 is also provided with a first parabolic curved surface reflecting cup 7, the focus of the first parabolic curved surface reflecting cup 7 is the central position of the light source inlet 4, and the first parabolic curved surface reflecting cup 7 is used for focusing light emitted by the light source inlet 4 through a parabolic curved surface thereof to obtain a beam of parallel light beams to be emitted;
the light source outlet 5 is further provided with a second parabolic curved surface reflective cup 8, the focal point of the second parabolic curved surface reflective cup 8 is the central position of the light source outlet 5, and the second parabolic curved surface reflective cup 8 is used for focusing the parallel light beams reflected by the reflecting surface on the transmitting and receiving seat 3 through the parabolic curved surface thereof and transmitting the parallel light beams from the light source outlet 5.
According to the utility model, the first parabolic curved surface reflecting cup 7 and the second parabolic curved surface reflecting cup 8 are arranged, so that the capture and convergence of infrared light can be realized, and gas detection can be realized even if weak light exists.
Under the condition of constant ambient temperature, the zero point of the sensor is influenced by the aging and pollution of the light path structure, the interference of water vapor and the like. Therefore, the anti-oxidation coatings are coated on the reflecting surfaces of the transmitting and receiving base 3 and the reflector base 2 and on the first parabolic curved surface reflecting cup 7 and the second parabolic curved surface reflecting cup 8 to inhibit the aging of the optical path structure.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the utility model or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the utility model as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A novel low-power consumption infrared gas sensor is characterized in that: the device comprises a gas absorption cell, an optical transceiver module, a data processing module, a temperature and humidity sensor and a power management unit;
the temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in the gas absorption tank and used for collecting temperature and humidity information in the gas absorption tank and outputting temperature and humidity signals;
the optical transceiver module comprises a light source driving and detector simulation front end unit, an LED infrared light source, a measurement photoelectric detector and a reference photoelectric detector, wherein the LED infrared light source is arranged at a light source inlet of the gas absorption cell and used for emitting a measurement light beam to the gas absorption cell; the reference photoelectric detector is arranged between the LED infrared light source and the light source inlet and used for receiving the measuring light beam which does not pass through the gas absorption cell and generating a reference light signal; the measurement photoelectric detector is arranged at a light source outlet of the gas absorption cell and used for receiving the measurement light beam passing through the gas absorption cell and generating a measurement light signal; the light source driving and detector analog front end unit is respectively connected with the LED infrared light source, the measuring photoelectric detector and the reference photoelectric detector, and is used for generating a light source driving pulse signal for driving the LED infrared light source to emit a measuring light beam and amplifying and performing analog-to-digital conversion on the measuring light signal and the reference light signal;
the data processing module is respectively connected with the light source driving and detector analog front end unit and the temperature and humidity sensor, and is used for controlling the light source driving and detector analog front end unit to generate the light source driving pulse signal, receiving the measuring light signal and the reference light signal sent by the light source driving and detector analog front end unit and the temperature and humidity signal sent by the temperature and humidity sensor, and calculating to obtain hydrocarbon gas concentration data according to the measuring light signal, the reference light signal and the temperature and humidity signal;
the power management unit is respectively connected with the data processing module, the temperature and humidity sensor and the optical transceiver module and used for supplying power to the data processing module and the optical transceiver module.
2. The novel low power consumption infrared gas sensor of claim 1, characterized in that: the power management unit comprises a low dropout regulator, and the data processing module comprises a low-power consumption microcontroller chip.
3. The novel low power consumption infrared gas sensor of claim 1, characterized in that: the gas absorption pool comprises a shell, a reflector seat, an emission receiving seat and a light source detector PCB are oppositely arranged in the shell, and the LED infrared light source, the measurement photoelectric detector and the light source drive and detector analog front end unit are respectively arranged on the light source detector PCB; a light source inlet and a light source outlet of the gas absorption cell are respectively arranged on the transmitting and receiving seat, and at least one reflecting surface is arranged between the light source inlet and the light source outlet; the reflector seat is provided with at least two reflecting surfaces, wherein the reflecting surface on the transmitting and receiving seat and the reflecting surface on the reflector seat are arranged at intervals; the LED infrared light is emitted to the reflector base from the light source inlet, and is emitted to the measuring photoelectric detector from the light source outlet after being reflected for multiple times by reflecting surfaces on the reflector base and the transmitting and receiving base.
4. The novel low power consumption infrared gas sensor of claim 3, characterized in that: the reflecting surfaces on the reflector seat and the transmitting and receiving seat are reflecting curved surfaces, and the number of the reflecting surfaces arranged between the light source inlet and the light source outlet is one less than that of the reflecting surfaces arranged on the reflector seat; two reflecting surfaces on the edge of the reflector seat respectively correspond to the light source inlet and the light source outlet.
5. The novel low power consumption infrared gas sensor of claim 3, characterized in that: the light source inlet is provided with a first parabolic curved surface reflecting cup, the focus of the first parabolic curved surface reflecting cup is the central position of the light source inlet, and the first parabolic curved surface reflecting cup is used for focusing light emitted by the light source inlet through a parabolic curved surface thereof to obtain a beam of parallel light beams to be emitted;
and a second parabolic curved surface reflecting cup is arranged at the light source outlet, the focus of the second parabolic curved surface reflecting cup is the central position of the light source outlet, and the second parabolic curved surface reflecting cup is used for focusing the parallel light beams reflected by the reflecting surface on the transmitting and receiving seat through the parabolic curved surface thereof and transmitting the parallel light beams from the light source outlet.
6. The novel low-power consumption infrared gas sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that: and the transmitting and receiving seat, the reflecting surface on the reflector seat, the first parabolic curved surface reflecting cup and the second parabolic curved surface reflecting cup are sprayed with an anti-oxidation coating.
7. The novel low power consumption infrared gas sensor of claim 3, characterized in that: the gas inlet holes are formed in the side wall and the bottom wall of the shell, and waterproof breathable films are arranged on the outer sides of the gas inlet holes.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111323376A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-06-23 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Parallel incidence infrared thermal radiation photoacoustic spectrum gas sensing device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111323376A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-06-23 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Parallel incidence infrared thermal radiation photoacoustic spectrum gas sensing device |
| CN111323376B (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2023-03-28 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Parallel incidence infrared thermal radiation photoacoustic spectrum gas sensing device |
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