CN215375951U - Augmented reality head-up display device and vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to an augmented reality new line display device and vehicle, including the image cell, optical waveguide unit and reflection unit, the image cell is used for producing image light, and guide image light incident to the surface of optical waveguide unit, the optical waveguide unit conducts and jets out towards the reflection unit image light, the reflection unit reflects image light to people's eye and produces the virtual image, the optical waveguide unit includes the optical waveguide layer, and set up first light shield layer and second light shield layer in optical waveguide layer both sides, first light shield layer is used for absorbing the light that transmits from the optical waveguide layer, the second light shield layer is used for absorbing the light that transmits and/or reflects from the optical waveguide layer and the sunlight that passes in from the external transmission, thereby eliminate parasitic light interference, improve the reflection unit and reflect image light to people's eye and produce the quality of virtual image, this augmented reality new line display device possesses big visual field, the reflection unit is used for the image light, and the reflection unit is used for the image light, the light is used for the image light is reflected to be sent to the human eye and is sent to the quality of the virtual image, the real, The performance of small volume, far virtual image distance, and simple structure are applicable to most windshield simultaneously, possess high volume production universality.

Description

Augmented reality head-up display device and vehicle

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an augmented reality head-up display device and a vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of display equipment.

Background

The traditional HUD is an optical-mechanical-electrical coupling component, mainly comprises a main control PCB board, a light source, a display medium, an optical lens group, a direct current motor and the like, and the display light source reflects the information to a transparent medium (a display screen or a windshield) through a plurality of mirror surface structures, so that human eyes see a virtual image which is suspended in front of the eyes.

Currently mainstream HUDs are largely classified into combination type (C-HUD) and (W-HUD) according to product form. Technically, the C-HUD has a simple optical structure and is relatively easy to design, but the display size and the projection distance are limited, and secondary damage to a driver can be caused when a vehicle collides; the W-HUD display effect is more integrated, but its optical structure is complicated, and the design is higher with arranging the degree of difficulty, and it is bulky to occupy, and its optical principle needs the windshield of cooperation complex face type, has increased preparation and volume production degree of difficulty undoubtedly. Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of an optical path of a conventional W-HUD scheme, in which image light rays with different field angles are reflected multiple times by a free-form surface and reflected to human eyes by a windshield. This scheme needs great geometric space volume in order to satisfy the formation of image design, and the virtual image distance that presents is far away inadequately, and the eye box space that possesses is less, and it is possible simultaneously that the sunlight flows backward leads to the device to heat up, influences the quality.

Augmented reality head-up display (AR-HUD) which is popular in recent years superposes digital images on a real environment outside a vehicle, so that a driver obtains an augmented reality visual effect, and the method can be used for AR navigation, self-adaptive cruise, lane departure early warning and the like.

Compared with the current mainstream C-HUD and W-HUD, the AR-HUD has the characteristics of small volume, long projection distance, large field angle, high universality and the like. Augmented Reality (AR) uses diffractive structural elements to control the routing of light, which, in an ideal case, diffracts light to the human eye only. However, light is transmitted through the light guide and light is reflected from the surface of the light guide, which affects the quality of the virtual image formed.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide an augmented reality head-up display device which is high in imaging quality, simple in structure and small in size.

In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an augmented reality new line display device, includes image unit, optical waveguide unit and reflecting element, the image unit is used for producing image light, and guides image light incides to the surface of optical waveguide unit, the optical waveguide unit will image light conduction and orientation the reflecting element jets out, the reflecting element will image light reflects to people's eye and produces the virtual image, the optical waveguide unit includes the optical waveguide layer and sets up the first light shield layer and the setting of optical waveguide layer one side are in the second light shield layer of optical waveguide layer opposite side, first light shield layer is used for absorbing the follow the light that the optical waveguide layer transmits out, the second light shield layer is used for absorbing the follow the light that the optical waveguide layer transmits and/or reflects and the sun ray that gets into from external transmission.

Further, a gap is provided between the first and second light shielding layers and the optical waveguide layer.

Further, the absorptivity of the first light shielding layer and the second light shielding layer to a visible light wave band is larger than 60%.

Further, the optical waveguide layer includes at least one optical waveguide.

Further, the light guide surface is provided with a coupling-in region configured such that the incident image light is coupled into the light guide and guided along the light guide to the coupling-out region, and a coupling-out region configured to eject the image light out of the light guide.

Furthermore, the projection area of the coupling-in area on the surface of the optical waveguide layer is covered by the first light shielding layer, and the projection area of the first light shielding layer on the surface of the optical waveguide layer and the projection area of the coupling-out area on the surface of the optical waveguide layer are arranged separately.

Further, the projection area of the coupling-out area on the surface of the optical waveguide layer is covered by the second light shielding layer in the projection area on the surface of the optical waveguide layer, and the projection area of the second light shielding layer on the surface of the optical waveguide layer is separated from the projection area of the image unit on the surface of the optical waveguide layer.

Further, the coupling-in region and the coupling-out region are periodic grating structures.

Further, the optical waveguide layer includes a first optical waveguide and a second optical waveguide, an adhesion layer is disposed between the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide, the first optical waveguide is used for modulating light in blue and green wavelength bands, and the second optical waveguide is used for light in green and red wavelength bands.

The utility model also provides a vehicle comprising the augmented reality head-up display device.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that: the augmented reality head-up display device disclosed by the utility model has the advantages that the first shading layer is arranged on one side of the optical waveguide layer and used for absorbing light transmitted out of the optical waveguide layer, the second shading layer is arranged on the other side of the optical waveguide layer and used for absorbing light transmitted and/or reflected out of the optical waveguide layer and solar light transmitted from the outside and entering the optical waveguide layer, so that stray light interference is eliminated, the quality that the reflection unit reflects image light to human eyes and generates a virtual image is improved, the augmented reality head-up display device has the performances of large visual field, small volume and far virtual image distance, is simple in structure, is suitable for most windshields, and has high mass production adaptability.

The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic optical path diagram of a conventional W-HUD scheme in the prior art;

fig. 2 is a schematic optical path diagram of an augmented reality head-up display device according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical waveguide shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic partial optical path diagram of the augmented reality head-up display device shown in FIG. 2 without the first light-shielding layer;

FIG. 5 is a schematic partial optical path diagram of the augmented reality head-up display device shown in FIG. 2 with a first light-shielding layer;

FIG. 6 is a schematic partial optical path diagram of the augmented reality head-up display device shown in FIG. 2 without the second light-shielding layer;

FIG. 7 is a schematic partial optical path diagram of the augmented reality head-up display device shown in FIG. 2 with a second light-shielding layer;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the monolithic waveguide shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the dual-sheet dual-channel optical waveguide shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 10 is a graph of the absorption, reflection and transmission efficiency of an optical waveguide for image light versus wavelength.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the mechanism or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

Referring to fig. 2, an augmented reality head-up display device according to an embodiment of the utility model includes an image unit 1, an optical waveguide unit 2, and a reflection unit 3. The image unit 1 is for generating image light and guiding the image light to be incident on the surface of the light guide unit 2. The light guide unit 2 guides the image light while increasing the exit pupil expansion, and exits toward the reflection unit 3. The image light emitted from the optical waveguide unit 2 is irradiated onto the reflection unit 3, and the reflection unit 3 reflects the image light irradiated thereon to human eyes and generates a virtual image.

The head-up display principle of the augmented reality head-up display device is as follows: the image unit 1 emits image light with a certain field angle, the image light enters the optical waveguide unit 2 and exits after the exit pupil of the optical waveguide unit 2 is expanded, the exiting image light is reflected to human eyes at a certain reflection angle through the reflection unit 3, and the human eyes can see a virtual image with a certain projection distance through the reflection unit 3.

The optical waveguide unit 2 includes an optical waveguide layer 21, a first shading layer 22 disposed on one side of the optical waveguide layer 21, and a second shading layer 23 disposed on the other side of the optical waveguide layer 21, wherein the first shading layer 22 is used for absorbing light transmitted from the optical waveguide layer 21, and the second shading layer 23 is used for absorbing light transmitted and/or reflected from the optical waveguide layer 21 and solar light transmitted from the outside.

The first and second light shielding layers 22 and 23 have a gap with the optical waveguide layer 21 to absorb light transmitted or reflected from the optical waveguide layer 21 and prevent absorption of light within the optical waveguide layer 21. The gap is not particularly limited and may be set according to actual needs.

The absorptivity of the first shading layer 22 and the second shading layer 23 to the visible light wave band is greater than 60%, that is, the first shading layer 22 and the second shading layer 23 can be made of a structure with absorptivity to the visible light wave band greater than 60% or a material with absorptivity to the visible light wave band greater than 60%, and specific materials and structures are not listed here one by one and can be selected according to actual needs.

Referring to fig. 3, the optical waveguide layer 21 includes at least one optical waveguide 211, which may be a single-layer optical waveguide 211, a two-layer optical waveguide 211, or a three-layer optical waveguide 211, etc. The surface of the light guide 211 is provided with a coupling-in region 212 and a coupling-out region 213, the coupling-in region 212 being configured such that incident image light is coupled into the light guide 211 and conducted along the light guide 211 to the coupling-out region 213, the coupling-out region 213 being configured to emit the image light in the light guide 211. The image light passes through the coupling-in region 212, is diffracted and totally reflected inside the light guide 211, the diffracted and totally reflected image light is conducted multiple times through the light guide 211, the image light is distributed over the entire coupling-out region 213 and exits at the coupling-out region 213, and thus the exit pupil expansion is realized. The optical waveguide 211 can continuously transmit the coupled light to a specific direction under the condition of satisfying total reflection, the transmittance of the optical waveguide 211 is greater than 80%, and the optical waveguide 211 can be glass, resin or a material with transmittance of greater than 80% under visible light, which is not listed here. The thickness of the optical waveguide 211 is less than 2mm, and the specific thickness of the optical waveguide 211 is not specifically limited herein and can be set according to actual needs.

The coupling-in region 212 and the coupling-out region 213 are structural units with diffraction characteristics, and are essentially nano structures with refractive index gradients and capable of realizing light diffraction and conduction, specifically, the coupling-in region 212 and the coupling-out region 213 are both periodic grating structures, such as a nano-scale relief grating or a volume holographic grating, and the periodic grating structures can be directly fabricated on the optical waveguide 211, or can be fabricated on a film in advance, and then the film with the grating structures is combined with the optical waveguide 211. The bottom of the grating structure forming the coupling-in region 212 and the coupling-out region 213 may be located on the surface of the optical waveguide 211 or within the optical waveguide 211.

The coupling-in area 212 and the coupling-out area 213 may both be rectangular, wherein the coupling-in area 212 may also take a circular or other shape, as desired. The coupling-in region 212 and the coupling-out region 213 are arranged along the same axis on two sides of the same surface or two sides of different surfaces of the optical waveguide 211, and in this embodiment, the coupling-in region 212 and the coupling-out region 213 are located on the same surface of the optical waveguide 211 with a space therebetween. The grating structure can be prepared by adopting a holographic interference technology, a photoetching technology or a nano-imprinting technology, and can be freely selected according to actual needs.

The incoupling regions 212 are preferably slanted relief gratings, and the image light is incident at the location of the incoupling regions 212 and coupled into the light guide 211 by a diffraction process. The diffraction grating arranged obliquely has selectivity on wavelength, avoids dispersion and has higher diffraction efficiency aiming at a certain wavelength band. The period and orientation of the grating structure of the out-coupling region 213 coincides with the grating of the in-coupling region 212, which may be a positive grating or a tilted grating.

By designing parameters such as the period, the depth, the duty ratio, the inclination angle and the like of the grating structure, light with specific wavelength or waveband is selected efficiently, and the wavelength selectivity function is realized. For example, green image light is coupled and then bent and conducted in the waveguide, so that blue and red image light is not affected, and single-channel light diffraction is realized. Or the light of blue and red wave bands is selected with high efficiency, and the dual-channel light diffraction is realized. The light guide 211 with single-channel diffraction only conducts certain color image light, and the rest color image light passes through the light guide 211, so that the light rays are not interfered with each other.

In addition, the surface of the optical waveguide 211 may be provided with a turning region (not shown) for changing the propagation direction of the image light in the optical waveguide 211. When the image light enters the coupling-in region 212, the image light is totally reflected to the turning region in the optical waveguide 211, and the turning region changes the propagation direction of the image light, so that the image light with the changed direction is totally reflected to the coupling-out region 213, and the pupil can be effectively expanded for the output image, thereby expanding the viewing angle range and further meeting the user requirements.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, if the light guide unit 2 is not provided with the first light shielding layer 22, a part of image light transmitted in the light guide layer 21 is emitted through the light guide 211 even after passing through the multiple light guides 211, and particularly, no matter whether the image light is vertically incident or obliquely incident to the coupling-in region 212, only a part of the image light is diffracted and then transmitted in the light guide 211, and 0 th-order diffracted light is emitted through the light guide 211. The partial image light rays are reflected or diffusely reflected by any surface with the reflection characteristic, and the reflected or diffusely reflected light rays are incident into the optical waveguide 211 again, so that stray light is introduced to influence the imaging quality. Referring to fig. 10, after the image light enters the light guide 211 from the coupling-in region 212 in the visible light band, a part of the light is transmitted from the other side of the light guide 211 opposite to the coupling-in region 212. As the wavelength of the image light increases, the reflection efficiency of the optical waveguide 211 to the image light gradually decreases, the transmission efficiency gradually increases, and the absorption efficiency is always close to 0. The first light shielding layer 22 is disposed on the optical waveguide unit 2, so that the first light shielding layer 22 absorbs the image light emitted through the optical waveguide 211, thereby preventing the image light from being reflected or diffusely reflected and then being incident into the optical waveguide 211 again, and improving the imaging quality.

The first light shielding layer 22 and the coupling-in area (not shown) are disposed at opposite sides of the optical waveguide 211, the first light shielding layer 22 covers the projection area of the coupling-in area on the surface of the optical waveguide layer 21 in the projection area of the surface of the optical waveguide layer 21, and the first light shielding layer 22 is disposed apart from the projection area of the surface of the optical waveguide layer 21 in the coupling-out area (not shown) in the projection area of the surface of the optical waveguide layer 21, thereby maximally absorbing the light transmitted from the surface of the optical waveguide layer 21. That is, the maximum range covered by the first light shielding layer 22 in the projection region on the surface of the optical waveguide layer 21 is an area other than the projection region of the coupling-out region on the surface of the optical waveguide layer 21, and the minimum range is the projection region of the coupling-in region on the surface of the optical waveguide layer 21.

Referring to fig. 6 and 7, if the optical waveguide unit 2 is not provided with the second light shielding layer 23, even after the image light transmitted in the optical waveguide layer 21 passes through the multiple optical waveguides 211, the light is transmitted from the side of the coupling-out region 213 opposite to the reflection unit 3 and the external solar light passes through the reflection unit 3, and then the light is transmitted from the side of the coupling-out region 213 opposite to the reflection unit 3 after entering the optical waveguide 211, meanwhile, when the image light enters the optical waveguide 211, a part of the light is reflected by the surface of the optical waveguide 211, and the light is reflected or diffusely reflected by any surface with reflection characteristics, and the reflected or diffusely reflected light is incident into the optical waveguide 211 again, so as to introduce stray light and affect the imaging quality. And the optical waveguide unit 2 is provided with the second light shielding layer 23, the second light shielding layer 23 absorbs the light rays, so that the light rays are prevented from being reflected or diffused and then being incident into the optical waveguide 211 again, and the imaging quality is improved.

The second light shielding layer 23 and the coupling-out area (not shown) are disposed on both sides of the optical waveguide 211, the second light shielding layer 23 covers the projection area of the coupling-out area on the surface of the optical waveguide layer 21 in the projection area of the surface of the optical waveguide layer 21, and the second light shielding layer 23 is disposed apart from the projection area of the surface of the optical waveguide layer 21 in the projection area of the image unit 1 on the surface of the optical waveguide layer 21, thereby maximally absorbing the light transmitted or/and reflected from the surface of the optical waveguide layer 21. That is, the maximum range covered by the second light shielding layer 23 in the projection region on the surface of the optical waveguide layer 21 is an area other than the projection region of the image unit 1 on the surface of the optical waveguide layer 21, and the minimum range is the projection region of the coupling-out region on the surface of the optical waveguide layer 21.

By setting the size of the grating structures of the coupling-in region 212 and the coupling-out region 213, the distance between the two, the specific structure of the grating, the thickness size of the optical waveguide 211, and the positions and sizes of the first light shielding layer 22 and the second light shielding layer 23, it can be achieved that image light is diffracted and coupled in through the coupling-in region 212, the light is diffracted and transmitted to the coupling-out region 213 through the optical waveguide 211, while the light transmitted and reflected out of the surface of the optical waveguide 211 is absorbed by the first light shielding layer 22 or the second light shielding layer 23, and is emitted and irradiated to the reflection unit 3 from the coupling-out region 213, the light is reflected to human eyes by the reflection unit 3, and a virtual image of the image is formed in front of the human eyes.

Referring to fig. 8, the optical waveguide layer 21 includes a single optical waveguide 211, the surface of the optical waveguide 211 is provided with a coupling-in area 212 and a coupling-out area 213, the single optical waveguide 211 is a color optical waveguide lens for implementing color augmented reality display, and includes red, green and blue three-color image light rays incident into the single optical waveguide 211, the color image light rays are diffracted and bent by the coupling-in area 212 and exit through the coupling-out area 213, and the light rays exit and are integrated through the color optical waveguide lens, thereby implementing color augmented reality display.

Referring to fig. 9, the optical waveguide layer 21 includes two pieces of dual-channel optical waveguides, specifically, a first optical waveguide 214 and a second optical waveguide 215, an adhesive layer 216 is disposed between the first optical waveguide 214 and the second optical waveguide 215, the first optical waveguide 214 is used for modulating light in blue and green wavelength bands, and the second optical waveguide 215 is used for light in green and red wavelength bands. By combining two pieces of double-channel optical waveguides, red, green and blue light modulation is realized, and the effect of color augmented reality display is achieved.

Referring to fig. 2, the optical waveguide layer 21 includes three optical waveguides 211, and the three optical waveguides 211 respectively regulate one of red, green, and blue colors, and regulate different colors, so as to realize red, green, and blue three-color light modulation, thereby achieving a color augmented reality display effect. The specific number of the optical waveguides 211 and the color thereof to be controlled are not limited herein, and may be set according to actual needs, and are not listed here.

The utility model also provides a vehicle comprising the augmented reality head-up display device as described above, wherein a virtual image is formed in front of the windshield. The vehicle may be a bicycle, an electric vehicle, and the like, for example, a pure electric vehicle, an extended range electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a fuel cell vehicle, a new energy vehicle, and the like, which is not particularly limited.

In summary, the augmented reality head-up display device of the present invention is configured to dispose the first light shielding layer on one side of the optical waveguide layer to absorb the light transmitted from the optical waveguide layer, and dispose the second light shielding layer on the other side of the optical waveguide layer to absorb the light transmitted and/or reflected from the optical waveguide layer and the solar light transmitted from the outside, so as to eliminate the parasitic light interference and improve the quality of the reflection unit to reflect the image light to the human eyes and generate the virtual image.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the utility model. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides an augmented reality new line display device which characterized in that, includes image unit, optical waveguide unit and reflection unit, image unit is used for producing image light, and guides image light incides to optical waveguide unit's surface, optical waveguide unit will image light conduction and orientation reflection unit jets out, reflection unit will image light reflects to people's eye and produces the virtual image, optical waveguide unit includes the optical waveguide layer and sets up the first light shield layer and the setting of optical waveguide layer one side are in the second light shield layer of optical waveguide layer opposite side, first light shield layer is used for absorbing the follow the light that the optical waveguide layer transmits out, the second light shield layer is used for absorbing the follow the light that the optical waveguide layer transmits and/or reflects out and the sun ray that gets into from external transmission.

2. The augmented reality heads-up display device of claim 1 wherein the first and second light shielding layers have a gap with the optical waveguide layer.

3. The augmented reality heads-up display device of claim 1 wherein the first and second light shielding layers have an absorptivity of greater than 60% in the visible light band.

4. The augmented reality heads-up display device of claim 1 wherein the optical waveguide layer comprises at least one layer of optical waveguides.

5. The augmented reality heads-up display device of claim 4 wherein the light guide surface is provided with a coupling-in region configured such that the incident image light is coupled into the light guide and guided along the light guide to the coupling-out region, and a coupling-out region configured to eject the image light out of the light guide.

6. The augmented reality head-up display device according to claim 5, wherein the first light shielding layer covers a projection area of the coupling-in area on the surface of the optical waveguide layer, and the projection area of the first light shielding layer on the surface of the optical waveguide layer and the projection area of the coupling-out area on the surface of the optical waveguide layer are provided apart from each other.

7. The augmented reality head-up display device according to claim 5, wherein the projection area of the second light shielding layer on the surface of the optical waveguide layer covers the projection area of the coupling-out area on the surface of the optical waveguide layer, and the projection area of the second light shielding layer on the surface of the optical waveguide layer and the projection area of the image unit on the surface of the optical waveguide layer are provided apart from each other.

8. The augmented reality heads-up display device of claim 5 wherein the in-coupling region and the out-coupling region are periodic grating structures.

9. The augmented reality heads-up display device of claim 1 wherein the optical waveguide layer comprises a first optical waveguide and a second optical waveguide with an adhesion layer disposed therebetween, the first optical waveguide for modulating blue and green band light and the second optical waveguide for green and red band light.

10. A vehicle characterized by comprising an augmented reality heads-up display device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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