CN215364918U - Production system for directly realizing one-step conversion from nitrogen to nitric acid by utilizing air - Google Patents
Production system for directly realizing one-step conversion from nitrogen to nitric acid by utilizing air Download PDFInfo
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- CN215364918U CN215364918U CN202121677574.4U CN202121677574U CN215364918U CN 215364918 U CN215364918 U CN 215364918U CN 202121677574 U CN202121677574 U CN 202121677574U CN 215364918 U CN215364918 U CN 215364918U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a production system for directly realizing one-step conversion from nitrogen to nitric acid by using air, which comprises: the device comprises an air purifier, a dryer, a first oxygen inlet pipeline, a pressurizing device, an arc reactor, a cooler, a second oxygen inlet pipeline and a nitric acid generator; the feed inlet of the dryer is communicated with the discharge outlet of the air purifier; the discharge hole of the dryer and the discharge hole of the first oxygen inlet pipeline are communicated with the feed inlet of the pressurizing device; the discharge hole of the pressurizing device is communicated with the feed inlet of the electric arc reactor; the discharge hole of the electric arc reactor is communicated with the feed inlet of the cooler; the discharge hole of the cooler and the discharge hole of the second oxygen inlet pipeline are communicated with the feed inlet of the nitric acid generator. The utility model introduces oxygen, mixes the oxygen with air, pressurizes the mixture, improves the concentration of nitrogen and oxygen by times, and utilizes the arc high-temperature nitrogen fixation to synthesize nitrogen oxide, thereby realizing the one-step high-efficiency conversion method from nitrogen to nitric acid, and having great practical significance and economic value.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of preparing nitric acid by an arc high-temperature method, in particular to a production system for directly realizing one-step conversion from nitrogen to nitric acid by using air.
Background
Nitrogen fixation is a process of converting free nitrogen in the air into chemical nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation can be divided into artificial nitrogen fixation, natural nitrogen fixation and biological nitrogen fixation.
Nitric acid is one of important products in the chemical industry, the world yield of the nitric acid is second to that of sulfuric acid in various acids, and the nitric acid and salts thereof have extremely important significance in national economy. Nitric acid can be used for preparing nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and the like, can be used as raw materials for blasting operation and manufacturing other explosives, can be used for manufacturing other nitrates such as barium nitrate, silver nitrate and the like, and is used for separating noble metals in the nonferrous metallurgy industry.
Common methods for producing nitric acid are the ammonia oxidation method and the electric arc method.
The ammonia oxidation method for producing nitric acid is the most widely applied method in modern times, the main raw materials for the reaction are nitrogen, hydrogen, air and water, and the method has high nitric acid production rate, but is technically complex, high in production cost and serious in environmental pollution. The process for producing the nitric acid by the ammonia oxidation method comprises the following four steps: the first step is as follows: generating ammonia by nitrogen and hydrogen at high temperature and high pressure in the presence of a catalyst; the second step is that: carrying out ammonia oxidation to generate nitric oxide; the third step: nitrogen monoxide is oxidized to generate nitrogen dioxide; the fourth step: the nitrogen dioxide water absorbs to generate nitric acid. The harsh reaction conditions and the complex production process determine the characteristics of large scale and high cost of the nitric acid production process equipment by the ammonia oxidation method, so that the nitric acid cannot be developed in remote areas with deficient conditions of land resources, energy sources and the like. The method has huge energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission problems, and is difficult to develop vigorously under the current low-carbon economic situation of carbon neutralization and carbon peak reaching. The method has large amount of waste water discharge and causes environmental pollution in the process of synthesizing ammonia.
Along with the development of world industry and agriculture, the demand of human beings on nitric acid is more and more, and industrial synthesis of ammonia needs to be carried out under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, so that serious energy waste and environmental pollution are caused. In addition, although the research on arc nitrogen fixation has been successful to some extent, most of the research is still in the theoretical stage and cannot be applied to actual production. Therefore, the research on the technology for producing the nitric acid by fixing nitrogen by the arc method has very important significance.
The arc process is to directly pass air through an arc furnace at a high temperature of 3000 ℃ to directly synthesize nitric oxide from nitrogen and oxygen in the air. The main advantages of the arc method are that the raw material is taken from air and the equipment is simple. However, since the generated nitric oxide is extremely easily decomposed at high temperature and also decomposed during cooling, and the concentration of the finally obtained nitric oxide is very low, about 1.5% to 2%, it takes a long time to oxidize the nitric oxide having such a low concentration into nitrogen dioxide, and the reaction volume of the absorption apparatus needs to be increased, which increases the costs for equipment construction and maintenance, and thus, has not been greatly developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the utility model provides a production system for directly realizing one-step conversion from nitrogen to nitric acid by using air. The utility model introduces oxygen, mixes the oxygen with air, pressurizes the mixture, improves the concentration of nitrogen and oxygen by times, and utilizes the arc high-temperature nitrogen fixation to synthesize nitrogen oxide, thereby realizing the one-step high-efficiency conversion method from nitrogen to nitric acid, and having great practical significance and economic value.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a production system for directly converting nitrogen into nitric acid in one step by using air, comprising: the device comprises an air purifier, a dryer, a first oxygen inlet pipeline, a pressurizing device, an arc reactor, a cooler, a second oxygen inlet pipeline and a nitric acid generator;
the feed inlet of the dryer is communicated with the discharge outlet of the air purifier;
the discharge hole of the dryer is communicated with the feed inlet of the pressurizing device;
the discharge hole of the first oxygen inlet pipeline is also communicated with the feed hole of the pressurizing device;
the discharge hole of the pressurizing device is communicated with the feed inlet of the electric arc reactor;
the discharge hole of the electric arc reactor is communicated with the feed inlet of the cooler;
the discharge hole of the cooler is communicated with the feed inlet of the nitric acid generator;
and the discharge hole of the second oxygen inlet pipeline is also communicated with the feed inlet of the nitric acid generator.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the production system further comprises a metering device, and the metering device is installed in front of the feeding hole of the air purifier.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the production system further comprises an air feeder, a feed port of the air feeder is communicated with a discharge port of the dryer, and a discharge port of the air feeder is communicated with a feed port of the pressurizing device.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the discharge hole of the first oxygen inlet pipeline is communicated with the feed inlet of the air feeder.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the pressurizing device is a compressor.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the heating temperature of the electric arc reactor is more than 3000 degrees.
The arc method of the present invention may be carried out using an arc furnace as is commonly used in the art. In the arc reactor, several arc generators (according to the output of the device) are arranged, and the local temperature of the arc is controlled at 3000 ℃.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the cooler is a heat exchanger.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the nitric acid generator is an absorption tower.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
and metering devices are further installed on the first oxygen inlet pipeline and the second oxygen inlet pipeline.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the production system also comprises a nitric acid discharging pipeline which is communicated with a discharging hole of the nitric acid generator.
The utility model has the following beneficial effects:
the production system for directly realizing one-step conversion from nitrogen to nitric acid by using air is environment-friendly, free of waste water and waste gas emission, simple and efficient in process flow, low in investment and operation cost, high in yield and small in occupied area, and solves the problems that in the prior art, ammonia is synthesized firstly, then the ammonia is converted into a nitrogen source for producing nitric acid, and further the cost for reproducing nitric acid is high, and a device is complex.
In conclusion, the utility model has obvious economic benefit and social benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a production system of the present invention for directly converting nitrogen gas into nitric acid in one step by using air.
The method comprises the following steps of 1-air purifier, 2-dryer, 3-first oxygen inlet pipeline, 4-blower, 5-pressure device, 6-arc reactor, 7-cooler, 8-second oxygen inlet pipeline and 9-nitric acid generator.
Detailed Description
While the present invention will be described in detail and with reference to the specific embodiments thereof, it should be understood that the following detailed description is only for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, as those skilled in the art will appreciate numerous insubstantial modifications and variations therefrom.
The utility model relates to a production system for directly realizing one-step conversion from nitrogen to nitric acid by using air, which is shown in figure 1 as follows:
the production system includes: the device comprises an air purifier 1, a dryer 2, a first oxygen inlet pipeline 3, a pressurizing device 5, an arc reactor 6, a cooler 7, a second oxygen inlet pipeline 8 and a nitric acid generator 9;
the feed inlet of the dryer 2 is communicated with the discharge outlet of the air purifier 1;
the discharge hole of the dryer 2 is communicated with the feed inlet of the pressurizing device 5;
the discharge hole of the first oxygen inlet pipeline 3 is also communicated with the feed hole of the pressurizing device 5;
the discharge hole of the pressurizing device 5 is communicated with the feed inlet of the electric arc reactor 6;
the discharge hole of the electric arc reactor 6 is communicated with the feed hole of the cooler 7;
the discharge hole of the cooler 7 is communicated with the feed inlet of the nitric acid generator 9;
the discharge hole of the second oxygen inlet pipeline 8 is also communicated with the feed hole of the nitric acid generator 9.
The main flowing medium in the production system of the utility model is gas, and the communication among the components can adopt a suitable communication mode in the prior art, preferably pipeline communication.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the production system further comprises a metering device which is installed in front of the feed inlet of the air purifier 1. The metering device is intended for metering air and any suitable device for metering gas known in the art may be used.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the production system further comprises a blower 4, wherein a feed port of the blower 4 is communicated with a discharge port of the dryer 2, and a discharge port of the blower 4 is communicated with a feed port of the pressurizing device 5.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the discharge hole of the first oxygen inlet pipeline 3 is communicated with the feed hole of the blower 4. One of the functions of the blower of the present invention is to feed the mixed gas into the pressurizing device, and other devices having a gas introducing function in the prior art can be adopted.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the pressurizing device 5 is a compressor. The purpose of the pressurizing device is to pressurize the mixed gas, and a compressor is preferable, and other devices having a gas pressurizing function in the prior art may be used.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the heating temperature of the electric arc reactor is more than 3000 degrees. The arc method of the present invention may be carried out using an arc furnace as is commonly used in the art. In the arc reactor, several arc generators (according to the output of the device) are arranged, and the local temperature of the arc is controlled at 3000 ℃.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the cooler 7 is a heat exchanger, and the purpose of the cooler is to cool the gas, and preferably, a heat exchanger, and other devices having a gas cooling function in the related art may be used.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the nitric acid generator 9 is an absorption tower. The purpose of the nitric acid generator is to react with water to produce nitric acid, preferably an absorption column, although other prior art devices for generating nitric acid containing water may also be used.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
metering devices are further mounted on the first oxygen inlet pipeline 3 and the second oxygen inlet pipeline 8. The metering device is intended for metering oxygen and any suitable gas metering device known in the art may be used.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the production system also comprises a nitric acid discharging pipeline which is communicated with a discharging hole of the nitric acid generator 9.
The production method of the production system for directly realizing one-step conversion from nitrogen to nitric acid by utilizing air comprises the following steps:
a. air enters the air purifier 1 through a metering device to remove acid gases such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and the like in the air, the purified air enters the dryer 2 to remove moisture in the air, and oxygen input by the first oxygen inlet pipeline 3 is mixed with the air flowing out of the dryer 2 and enters the blower 4.
b. The mixed gas of air and oxygen (according to the reaction theoretical amount of nitrogen and oxygen) is sent to a compressor 5 by a blower 4 for compression, and after being compressed by the compressor 5, the pressure of the mixed gas is increased to 1.0-10 MPa.
c. And c, enabling the compressed mixed gas obtained in the step b to enter an arc reactor 6, and reacting nitrogen and oxygen at the arc temperature of 3000 ℃ to generate nitric oxide gas.
d. And c, cooling the gas discharged from the arc reactor obtained in the step c through a heat exchanger 7, and reducing the temperature of the gas to 40-50 ℃ after the gas passes through the heat exchanger 7.
e. The nitric oxide obtained in step d is mixed with oxygen input by the second oxygen inlet line 8 to react to generate nitrogen dioxide, so as to obtain nitrogen oxides (mainly generated nitrogen dioxide gas and a small amount of unreacted nitric oxide gas), and the oxygen input by the second oxygen inlet line 8 is 1-10 times of the theoretical amount of nitrogen dioxide generated by the reaction of nitric oxide and oxygen.
f. And e, the nitrogen oxide obtained in the step e enters an absorption tower to prepare a nitric acid product, and the nitric acid product is discharged through a nitric acid discharge pipeline.
The preferred production method of the production system for directly realizing the one-step conversion from nitrogen to nitric acid by using air in the embodiment 1 of the utility model is as follows:
a. air enters the air purifier 1 through a metering device to remove acid gases such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and the like in the air, the purified air enters the dryer 2 to remove moisture in the air, and oxygen input by the first oxygen inlet pipeline 3 is mixed with the air flowing out of the dryer 2 and enters the blower 4.
b. A mixed gas of air and oxygen (according to the theoretical amount of reaction of nitrogen and oxygen) is sent to a compressor 5 by a blower 4 for compression, and after the mixed gas is compressed by the compressor 5, the pressure of the mixed gas is increased to 8 MPa.
c. And c, enabling the compressed mixed gas obtained in the step b to enter an arc reactor 6, and reacting nitrogen and oxygen at the arc temperature of 3000 ℃ to generate nitric oxide gas.
d. And c, cooling the gas discharged from the arc reactor obtained in the step c by a heat exchanger 7, and reducing the temperature of the gas to 45 ℃ after the gas passes through the heat exchanger 7.
e. The nitric oxide obtained in step d is mixed with oxygen input by the second oxygen inlet line 8 to react to generate nitrogen dioxide, so as to obtain nitrogen oxides (mainly generated nitrogen dioxide gas and a small amount of unreacted nitric oxide gas), and the oxygen input by the second oxygen inlet line 8 is 6 times of the theoretical amount of nitrogen dioxide generated by the reaction of nitric oxide and oxygen.
f. And e, allowing the nitrogen oxide obtained in the step e to enter an absorption tower to prepare a nitric acid product, wherein the mass concentration of the nitric acid product discharged through a nitric acid discharge pipeline is 64%.
Comparative example 1
The manufacturing method and process system of comparative example 1 are substantially the same as those of example 1 except that comparative example 1 is a method in which air is directly compressed without supplementing oxygen to form compressed air; the nitric acid product prepared in comparative example 1 had a mass concentration of 30%.
Through the comparison, the utility model can be seen that the concentration of nitrogen and oxygen is improved by times by supplementing oxygen to form compressed mixed gas, and meanwhile, the method realizes the one-step efficient conversion of nitrogen to nitric acid by fixing nitrogen at high temperature by utilizing electric arc to synthesize nitrogen oxide, thereby having great practical significance and economic value.
Claims (10)
1. A production system for directly realizing one-step conversion from nitrogen to nitric acid by utilizing air is characterized in that,
the method comprises the following steps: the device comprises an air purifier, a dryer, a first oxygen inlet pipeline, a pressurizing device, an arc reactor, a cooler, a second oxygen inlet pipeline and a nitric acid generator;
the feed inlet of the dryer is communicated with the discharge outlet of the air purifier;
the discharge hole of the dryer is communicated with the feed inlet of the pressurizing device;
the discharge hole of the first oxygen inlet pipeline is also communicated with the feed hole of the pressurizing device;
the discharge hole of the pressurizing device is communicated with the feed inlet of the electric arc reactor;
the discharge hole of the electric arc reactor is communicated with the feed inlet of the cooler;
the discharge hole of the cooler is communicated with the feed inlet of the nitric acid generator;
and the discharge hole of the second oxygen inlet pipeline is also communicated with the feed inlet of the nitric acid generator.
2. The production system for directly realizing one-step conversion from nitrogen to nitric acid by using air according to claim 1,
the production system further comprises a metering device, and the metering device is installed in front of the feeding hole of the air purifier.
3. The production system for directly realizing one-step conversion from nitrogen to nitric acid by using air according to claim 1,
the production system further comprises an air feeder, a feed port of the air feeder is communicated with a discharge port of the dryer, and a discharge port of the air feeder is communicated with a feed port of the pressurizing device.
4. The production system for directly realizing one-step conversion from nitrogen to nitric acid by using air according to claim 3,
the discharge hole of the first oxygen inlet pipeline is communicated with the feed inlet of the air feeder.
5. The production system for directly realizing one-step conversion from nitrogen to nitric acid by using air according to claim 1,
the pressurizing device is a compressor.
6. The production system for directly realizing one-step conversion from nitrogen to nitric acid by using air according to claim 1,
the heating temperature of the electric arc reactor is more than 3000 degrees.
7. The production system for directly realizing one-step conversion from nitrogen to nitric acid by using air according to claim 1,
the cooler is a heat exchanger.
8. The production system for directly realizing one-step conversion from nitrogen to nitric acid by using air according to claim 1,
the nitric acid generator is an absorption tower.
9. The production system for directly realizing one-step conversion from nitrogen to nitric acid by using air according to claim 1,
and metering devices are further installed on the first oxygen inlet pipeline and the second oxygen inlet pipeline.
10. The production system for directly realizing one-step conversion from nitrogen to nitric acid by using air according to claim 1,
the production system also comprises a nitric acid discharging pipeline which is communicated with a discharging hole of the nitric acid generator.
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