Adjusting tool for machining tooth surfaces of bevel gear and worm by high-efficiency polishing
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field related to machining tools, and particularly relates to an adjusting tool for efficiently finishing the tooth surfaces of bevel gears and worms.
Background
When the traditional centrifugal barreling and polishing processing equipment is used for processing disk parts such as gears, the axis of the disk parts such as the gears is parallel to the axis of the charging barrel after the disk parts are installed, abrasive flow rotates along with the charging barrel during polishing processing, a streamline formed by flowing of the abrasive flow rotates around the axis of the charging barrel, the processed parts rotate in the opposite direction, and the abrasive flow enters the tooth grooves to perform polishing processing on the surfaces of the gear teeth through the relative motion of the abrasive flow and the processed parts. For the worm shaft and the bevel gear with the small taper angle, the tooth direction of the worm shaft and the bevel gear with the small taper angle gradually shrinks from the large end to the small end, and the tooth width gradually decreases, so that the abrasive flow rotates around the axis of the cylinder to form the finish machining on the top surface of the tooth on one hand, and simultaneously, the abrasive flow flows in the tooth groove to further generate a certain finish machining effect on the tooth surface due to the flow guiding effect of the tooth groove.
The prior centrifugal type barreling and polishing equipment is mainly used for polishing the surfaces of disk parts by forming abrasive material flow under the driving of a charging barrel and then generating micro-cutting action on the surfaces of the processed parts by relative motion between the abrasive material flow and the surfaces of the processed parts, thereby realizing the processing of the surfaces; fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of gear machining movement of a conventional barreling and burnishing machine, in which solid lines with arrows indicate the rotation directions of bevel gears or worms and dotted arrows indicate the flow directions of abrasive streams. However, when the relative movement direction between the abrasive and the surface to be processed is perpendicular or even the structure of the surface to be processed causes the relative movement speed between the abrasive and the surface to be processed to decrease, the processing effect will be significantly decreased, and the conventional method is to increase the processing time to achieve the processing target. However, for parts such as gears, after the machining time is increased, when the target surface machining effect meets the requirement, the rest positions may be over-machined, so as to damage the tooth profile curve or other key parameters of the gear, and further influence the meshing state or transmission precision of the worm or bevel gear in the transmission.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide an adjusting tool for efficiently finishing the tooth surfaces of bevel gears and worm gears, and aims to solve the problems that the grinding materials are unbalanced, the processing time is prolonged, and the gear transmission precision is influenced in the background technology.
According to the principle of finishing, when the speed direction of the abrasive flow is consistent with the trend of the processed surface, the relative speed of the abrasive flow and the processed surface is the maximum, so that the processing effect is the best. Therefore, in order to improve the finishing effect of the worm shaft and the bevel gear, the included angle between the axis of the worm shaft or the bevel gear and the axis of the charging barrel during finishing needs to be adjusted by combining the tooth direction of the worm or the taper angle of the bevel gear, so that the tooth space direction is along the abrasive flow direction, and the processing effect is further enhanced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model provides the following technical scheme: an adjusting tool for efficiently finishing the tooth surfaces of bevel gears and worms comprises a tool shaft and a gear shaft rod, wherein one end of the gear shaft rod is fixedly connected with the bevel gears or the worms to be machined, a bearing support is sleeved outside the middle section of the gear shaft rod, the upper end of the bearing support is fixedly connected with a first fixing plate, a driving device which is axially vertical to the gear shaft rod is installed on the first fixing plate, and a transmission assembly which is used for enabling the gear shaft rod to rotate in a manner of being matched with the driving device is arranged in the bearing support;
one end of the tool shaft is hinged to the first fixing plate, one side of the tool shaft is provided with an electric expansion piece which is parallel to the axial direction of the tool shaft, the electric expansion piece is fixedly installed on the second fixing plate, one end of the second fixing plate is hinged to the tool shaft, the expansion amount is adjusted through the electric expansion piece to enable the tooth crest face of a bevel gear or a worm to be machined at the end part of the gear shaft rod to be parallel to the horizontal plane, therefore, the polishing machining of the tooth flank at the bottom of the bevel gear or the worm to be machined by abrasive is achieved, meanwhile, the bevel gear or the worm to be machined slowly rotates around the axis of the gear shaft rod in a matched mode of a driving device, and therefore the uniform machining of the tooth flank of the whole bevel gear or the worm to be machined, wherein the tooth flank is circumferentially distributed.
Preferably, the driving device comprises a motor fixedly mounted on the first fixing plate, the motor is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the motor through a micro coupler, a bevel pinion is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor, and a controller for adjusting the rotating speed of the motor is mounted on the motor.
Preferably, the transmission assembly comprises a large bevel gear and a transmission bearing, the large bevel gear is rotatably connected with the bearing support through the transmission bearing, and the large bevel gear is meshed with the small bevel gear.
Preferably, the transmission bearing comprises an inner roller, an outer ring and an inner ring, a circle of annular groove is formed in the circumferential outer wall of the inner ring, the inner roller is uniformly distributed in the annular groove, and the outer ring is sleeved outside the inner ring and limits the inner roller in the annular groove.
Preferably, the outer wall of the gear shaft rod is sleeved with a bearing gland, the outer wall of the bearing gland is provided with a plurality of first screw holes distributed in an annular mode, and the bearing gland penetrates into the first screw holes from outside to inside through screws so that the bearing gland is installed on the outer ring of the transmission bearing.
Preferably, a plurality of second screw holes distributed in an annular shape are formed in the outer wall of the circumference of the outer ring, and the outer ring penetrates into the second screw holes from outside to inside through screws so that the outer ring is fixedly connected with the bearing support.
Preferably, the electric expansion piece comprises a barrel body, the barrel body is fixed on the second fixing plate, a telescopic rod is connected inside the barrel body in a sliding mode, the lower end of the telescopic rod is hinged to a lantern ring, the lantern ring is sleeved on the gear shaft rod, and the lantern ring and the bearing support are connected with the gear shaft rod in a rotating mode through the crossed roller bearing.
Preferably, the inner ring of the crossed roller bearing is fixedly connected with the inner ring of the transmission bearing, the end face of the inner ring of the crossed roller bearing is connected with the three-jaw chuck through a bolt, the other end of the inner ring of the transmission bearing is fixedly connected with the large bevel gear, secondary fixation of a bevel gear shaft or a worm shaft to be machined can be achieved, and the rigidity of the fixture for fixing the bevel gear shaft or the worm shaft is improved.
Compared with the existing bevel gear and worm tooth surface finishing processing technology, the utility model provides an adjusting tool for efficiently finishing bevel gears and worm tooth surfaces, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. the whole set of tool is hung on a tool disc, a charging barrel of a centrifugal type barreling finishing machine drives grinding materials to form grinding material flow, the rotating speed of the finishing machine tool disc is adjusted to be 0, the height of the polishing machine tool disc is adjusted to enable all gear teeth below the axis of a bevel gear or a worm to be immersed in the grinding materials, then the expansion amount of an electric expansion piece is adjusted to enable the top surfaces of the bevel gear or the worm to be parallel to the horizontal plane, the grinding materials can be used for finishing the tooth surfaces of the gear teeth at the bottom, and meanwhile, a motor is started to enable a bevel gear shaft or a worm shaft to slowly rotate around the axis of the bevel gear shaft or the worm shaft, so that the uniform processing of the tooth surfaces distributed on the circumference of the whole bevel gear or the worm is realized;
2. the tool disclosed by the utility model can avoid the situation that when the bevel gear or the worm is vertically installed by the traditional centrifugal type barreling finishing processing equipment, the abrasive flow is vertical to the tooth surface, the relative cutting force is small, and the bevel gear or the worm with a small taper angle can not be effectively processed, so that the abrasive enters from the large end of the tooth groove and flows out from the small end, and the abrasive flows along the tooth surface to generate a tangential cutting force, the processing effect is improved, the defect that the traditional centrifugal type barreling finishing processing machine can not effectively process the bevel gear and the worm is overcome, and the application range of the centrifugal type barreling finishing processing equipment is expanded;
3. according to the utility model, the tool is improved, and the relative position relationship between the tool shaft and the bevel gear or worm shaft shown in FIG. 1 is changed, so that the speed direction of abrasive flows in from the large end and the small end along the tooth grooves of the bevel gear or worm when the abrasive flows, and the speed direction of the abrasive at this time is just cut on the tooth surface, so that the cutting component force is maximum, and the processing effect on the surface is best;
4. according to the utility model, the transmission bearing in the bearing support is rotationally connected with the gear shaft rod by using the crossed roller bearing, and the three-jaw chuck structure is added on the end surface of the inner ring of the crossed roller bearing, so that a bevel gear shaft or a worm shaft to be processed can be fixed, the gear shaft rod can rotate along with the transmission relationship between the large bevel gear and the small bevel gear, and simultaneously, due to the self property of the crossed roller bearing, the gear shaft rod can bear loads in all directions, further can rotate to a certain angle along with the angle of the gear shaft rod, and the adjustment of the top surface of the bevel gear or the worm gear to be processed is met.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the utility model and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the utility model and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the utility model without limiting the utility model in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a gear machining process using a conventional barreling and burnishing machine;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an adjusting tool for efficiently finishing bevel gears and worm gear faces according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of an adjusting tool for efficiently finishing bevel gears and worm gear faces according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a three-jaw chuck according to the present invention in the direction A;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 2, taken along line B in accordance with the present invention;
in fig. 1: 1. a tooling plate; 2. a tooling shaft; 3. a bevel gear to be processed;
fig. 2 to 4: 1. a tooling shaft; 2. a drive device; 3. a bevel gear or a worm to be processed; 4. a gear shaft lever; 5. a transmission assembly; 6. a first fixing plate; 7. an electric expansion piece; 8. a second fixing plate; 9. a bearing support; 10. a crossed roller bearing; 21. a motor; 22. a controller; 23. a bevel pinion gear; 24. a miniature coupler; 41. a bearing gland; 51. a large bevel gear; 52. a drive bearing; 521. an inner roller; 522. An outer ring; 523. an inner ring; 5221. a first screw hole; 5222. a second screw hole; 71. a barrel; 72. a telescopic rod; 73. a collar; 101. a three-jaw chuck.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2-5, the present invention provides a technical solution: an adjusting tool for efficiently polishing and processing bevel gears and worm gear surfaces comprises a tool shaft 1 and a gear shaft rod 4, one end of the gear shaft rod 4 is fixedly connected with a bevel gear or a worm 3 to be processed, a bearing support 9 is sleeved outside the middle section of the gear shaft rod 4, the upper end of the bearing support 9 is fixedly connected with a first fixing plate 6, a driving device 2 which is vertical to the axial direction of the gear shaft rod 4 is installed on the first fixing plate 6, the driving device 2 comprises a motor 21 which is fixedly installed on the first fixing plate 6, the motor 21 is fixedly connected with an output shaft thereof through a micro coupling 24, the output shaft end of the motor 21 is fixedly connected with a bevel pinion 23, a controller 22 for adjusting the rotating speed of the motor 21 is installed on the motor 21, the bevel pinion 23 is driven to rotate through the motor 21, and then acts on the gear shaft 4 through a transmission component 5 to drive the bevel gear or the worm 3 to be processed at the end part of the gear shaft rod 4 to rotate, and the bevel gear or the worm 3 to be processed is processed by grinding materials by matching with the feeding barrel, the motor 21 is provided with a controller 22 for adjusting the rotating speed of the motor 21, and the rotating speed of the gear shaft lever 4 can be adjusted according to the grinding requirement.
It should be noted that, a transmission assembly 5 for cooperating with the driving device 2 to rotate the gear shaft 4 is disposed in the bearing support 9, the transmission assembly 5 includes a large bevel gear 51 and a transmission bearing 52, the large bevel gear 51 is rotatably connected with the bearing support 9 through the transmission bearing 52, the large bevel gear 51 is meshed with the small bevel gear 23, so that the large bevel gear 51 is rotated through the meshing relationship between the large bevel gear 51 and the small bevel gear 23, and the gear shaft 4 is driven to rotate synchronously.
It should be understood that the transmission bearing 52 includes an inner roller 521, an outer ring 522 and an inner ring 523, a circle of annular groove is formed on the circumferential outer wall of the inner ring 523, the inner rollers 521 are uniformly distributed in the annular groove, the outer ring 522 is sleeved outside the inner ring 523 and limits the inner rollers 521 in the annular groove, a bearing gland 41 is sleeved on the outer wall of the gear shaft rod 4, a plurality of first screw holes 5221 are formed on the outer wall of the bearing gland 41, the bearing gland 41 penetrates into the first screw holes 5221 from outside to inside through screws, so that the bearing gland 41 is installed on the outer ring 522 of the transmission bearing 52, a plurality of second screw holes 5222 are formed on the circumferential outer wall of the outer ring 522, the outer ring 522 penetrates into the second screw holes 5222 from outside to inside through screws, so that the outer ring 522 is fixedly connected with the bearing support 9, so that the gear shaft rod 4 can synchronously rotate along with the bevel gear 51 on the inner ring 523, and the outer ring 522 is integrally connected to the bearing holder 9 and can be kept stationary when the gear shaft 4 rotates.
It should be noted that one end of the tool shaft 1 is hinged to the first fixing plate 6, one side of the tool shaft 1 is provided with an electric expansion device 7 parallel to the axial direction of the tool shaft 1, the electric expansion device 7 comprises a cylinder 71, the cylinder 71 is fixed on the second fixing plate 8, the cylinder 71 is connected with a telescopic rod 72 in a sliding manner, the lower end of the telescopic rod 72 is hinged with a lantern ring 73, the lantern ring 73 is sleeved on the gear shaft rod 4, the lantern ring 73 and the bearing support 9 are both rotationally connected with the gear shaft rod 4 through a crossed roller bearing 10, the inner ring of the crossed roller bearing 10 is fixedly connected with the inner ring 523 of the transmission bearing 52, the end face of the inner ring of the crossed roller bearing 10 is connected with a three-jaw chuck 101 through a bolt, the other end 523 of the inner ring on the transmission bearing 52 is fixedly connected with the large bevel gear 51, the bevel gear shaft to be processed is fixed by adding the structure of the three-jaw chuck 101, so that the gear shaft rod 4 can rotate along with the transmission relationship between the large bevel gear 51 and the small bevel gear 23, meanwhile, due to the self property of the crossed roller bearing 10, the load in each direction can be borne, and further the load can rotate to a certain angle along with the angle of the gear shaft rod 4, the adjustment of the tooth top surface of the bevel gear or the worm 3 to be processed is met, the electric expansion piece 7 is fixedly installed on the second fixing plate 8, one end of the second fixing plate 8 is hinged with the tool shaft 1, the tooth top surface of the bevel gear or the worm 3 to be processed at the end part of the gear shaft rod 4 is parallel to the horizontal plane by adjusting the expansion amount of the electric expansion piece 7, so that the polishing processing of the tooth surface at the bottom of the bevel gear or the worm 3 to be processed by abrasive is realized, meanwhile, the bevel gear or the worm 3 to be processed slowly rotates around the axis of the gear shaft rod 4 by matching with the driving device 2, and the uniform processing of the tooth surface of the whole bevel gear or the worm 3 to be processed, which is circumferentially distributed, is realized.
The working principle and the using process of the utility model are as follows: when in use, the whole set of tool is hung on a tool tray, a charging barrel of a centrifugal barrel grinding and polishing machine drives abrasive materials to form abrasive material flow, the rotating speed of the tool tray of the polishing machine is adjusted to be 0, the height of a gear shaft rod 4 is adjusted, so that part of gear teeth below the axis of a bevel gear or a worm 3 to be processed at the end part of the gear shaft rod 4 are completely immersed in the abrasive materials, then the expansion amount of an electric expansion piece 7 is adjusted, the gear shaft rod 4 is pushed or stretched, the gear shaft rod 4 is limited by a three-jaw chuck 101 structure on a bearing gland 41 arranged on a roller bearing 10 with two crossed ends, so that the tooth top surface of the bevel gear or the worm 3 to be processed is parallel to the horizontal plane, the polishing and processing of the tooth surface at the bottom of the bevel gear or the worm 3 to be processed by the abrasive materials can be realized, meanwhile, a motor 21 is started, a small bevel gear 23 is driven to rotate by the motor 21, and the meshing relationship of the large bevel gear 51 and the small bevel gear 23, the large bevel gear 51 is rotated, so that the gear shaft lever 4 synchronously rotates along with the large bevel gear 51 on the inner ring 523, the outer ring 522 is integrally connected with the bearing support 9, the gear shaft lever 4 can be kept fixed when rotating, the bevel gear or the worm 3 to be processed at the end part of the gear shaft lever 4 is driven to slowly rotate around the axis of the gear shaft lever, and the gear shaft lever is matched with the feeding barrel to carry out abrasive processing on the bevel gear or the worm 3 to be processed, so that the uniform processing of the tooth surface of the whole bevel gear or the worm which is circumferentially distributed is realized.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the utility model, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.