CN215179622U - Multispectral channel device and multispectral channel analysis device - Google Patents
Multispectral channel device and multispectral channel analysis device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a multispectral channel device and a multispectral channel analysis device, which can be used for simple spectral channel calibration so as to obtain scene information with high time resolution, high spatial resolution and high spectral resolution. The multispectral channel device comprises a multispectral film layer, a plurality of spectral channel arrays are distributed, the multispectral channel array comprises spectral channels which are arranged in an array, and each spectral channel in one spectral channel array is used for passing optical signals with different wavelengths; at least one of said spectral channel arrays having more than one of said spectral channels replaced by calibration channels having different light transmittances than said spectral channels to form an array of calibration channels; the photoelectric sensor comprises a pixel array, a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array manner, and a photoelectric conversion unit, wherein the pixel units are arranged below the multispectral film layer and used for receiving optical signals emitted from the spectral channel array and performing photoelectric conversion to output image information.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of spectral channel calibration, in particular to a multispectral channel device and a multispectral channel analysis device.
Background
Spectral acquisition techniques are one of the most important research directions in computational photography. Early spectrum collection techniques, which utilize spectral characteristics, such as collection of spectra using the principle of light interference, were complex and required long measurement times. In the prior art, the three-channel RGB information of a scene is captured by adopting the three-primary-color (RGB: Red, Green, Blue) imaging principle. However, spectral information in real world scenes is very rich, and light emitted from a light source or reflected by an object has rich wavelengths and contains a large amount of information, so that a spectral acquisition technology becomes an effective tool for scientific research and engineering application. If only the color information of the three channels is captured, a large amount of other information is lost, so that the most complete color information cannot be acquired when the scene images are analyzed, and an analysis result has errors. Therefore, how to quickly and accurately complete the calibration of the spectral channel of the system plays an important role in the accuracy of the acquisition result, and the development of the multispectral acquisition technology is urgent.
The multispectral collection technology is a novel imaging technology based on calculation and shooting, can collect and reconstruct spectral information in a whole scene, and can be generally divided into three types: spectrum analyzer, scanning spectral imager and single shot imaging spectrometer. Various technical solutions compensate spectral resolution by sacrificing spatial or temporal resolution to acquire multispectral information, and require calibration of different channels, which is cumbersome and expensive. How to perform simple spectrum channel calibration so as to obtain scene information with high time resolution, high spatial resolution and high spectral resolution is still a difficult problem.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, the present application provides a multispectral channel device and a multispectral channel analysis apparatus, which can perform simple spectral channel calibration, thereby obtaining scene information with high temporal resolution, high spatial resolution, and high spectral resolution, which is still a difficult problem.
The application provides a multispectral channel device, includes: the multispectral film layer is distributed with a plurality of spectral channel arrays, the spectral channel arrays comprise spectral channels which are arranged in an array, and each spectral channel in one spectral channel array is used for passing optical signals with different wavelengths; at least one of said spectral channel arrays having more than one of said spectral channels replaced by calibration channels having different light transmittances than said spectral channels to form an array of calibration channels; the photoelectric sensor comprises a pixel array, wherein the pixel array comprises a plurality of pixel units which are arranged in an array mode, is arranged below the multispectral film layer and is used for receiving optical signals emitted from the spectral channel array and performing photoelectric conversion to output image information.
Optionally, the light transmittance of the calibration channel is ten times or more of that of the spectral channel, and the light transmittance of the spectral channel is less than or equal to 10%.
Optionally, the light transmittance of the spectral channel is ten times or more of that of the calibration channel, and the light transmittance of the calibration channel is less than or equal to 10%.
Optionally, the multispectral film layer includes a filter layer, and different color blocks of the filter layer correspond to different spectral channels.
Optionally, the multispectral film further includes a light shielding sheet disposed in the distribution range of the calibration channel, and configured to adjust the light transmittance of the calibration channel.
Optionally, the spectral channel arrays are arranged in an array, and a distance between two adjacent spectral channel arrays is zero.
Optionally, the number of the calibration channel arrays is odd number of more than 3, or even number of more than 3, and the even number of more than 3 of the calibration channel arrays are asymmetrically arranged in the distribution area of the spectrum channel array.
Optionally, the distribution area of the spectrum channel array is rectangular, and the number of the calibration channel arrays is 3, and the calibration channel arrays are respectively arranged near different vertex angles of the quadrangle.
Optionally, each calibration channel array includes one calibration channel, and the calibration channels in each calibration channel array are all disposed at the same position of the calibration channel array.
Optionally, at least one spectrum channel array not containing the calibration channel is disposed between the calibration channel array and the outermost edge of the distribution region of the spectrum channel array.
Optionally, the multispectral film further comprises a cover plate, wherein the cover plate is arranged above the multispectral film layer and used for providing protection for the spectral channel and the calibration channel.
The multispectral channel analysis device provided by the application comprises the multispectral channel device and is characterized in that: the memory is used for storing the distribution area of the spectrum channel array, the distribution position of the calibration channel array and the light transmittance of the spectrum channel and the calibration channel; and the controller is connected to the photoelectric sensor and the memory and is used for acquiring the image information and carrying out calibration analysis on the position of the spectral channel according to the image information, the distribution area of the spectral channel array, the distribution position of the calibration channel array and the light transmittance of the spectral channel and the calibration channel.
Optionally, each pixel unit corresponds to a spectrum channel or the calibration channel, and the multispectral channel analysis device further includes a compensation circuit, connected to the memory and the pixel array, and configured to compensate, according to a positional relationship between the spectrum channel and the calibration channel and light transmittances of the spectrum channel and the calibration channel, image information output by the pixel unit corresponding to the calibration channel
The multispectral film layer comprises a spectral channel array, wherein a calibration channel array exists, more than one spectral channel is replaced by the calibration channel, the light transmittance of the calibration channel is different from that of the spectral channel, under the condition that the position of the calibration channel relative to the spectral channel is known and the light transmittance is also known, the position of the calibration channel can be distinguished according to the light transmittance, and the arrangement sequence of the spectral channels is further judged according to the position relation of the calibration channel and the spectral channel, so that the spectral channel calibration of the multispectral system is simply completed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic side cut-away view of the multispectral channel device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a filter layer in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the multispectral channel analysis device according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating steps in performing multi-spectral channel analysis according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The following describes the multispectral channel device and the multispectral channel analysis device with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic side sectional view of the multispectral channel device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In this embodiment, the multispectral channel device includes a multispectral film layer 100, a cover plate 102, and a photosensor, which is not shown in fig. 1.
The multispectral film layer 100 is distributed with a plurality of spectral channel arrays, the spectral channel arrays include spectral channels arranged in an array, and each spectral channel in one spectral channel array is used for passing optical signals with different wavelengths. At least one of the spectral channel arrays has more than one of the spectral channels replaced by calibration channels having a different light transmittance than the spectral channels to form an array of calibration channels.
Because the light transmittance of the calibration channel is different from that of the spectral channel, the position of the calibration channel can be obtained by analyzing the brightness of the optical signal passing through the spectral channel array, so that the position calibration of the multispectral channel is realized.
Fig. 2 is a top view of a filter layer of the multispectral channel device according to an embodiment.
In this embodiment, the spectral channels may be realized by providing filter layers. The filter layer may be made of a material having a certain filtering function, such as color glass. Since only the light rays with the color consistent with the color of the color block of the filter layer can pass through the color block, the filter layer is arranged on the multispectral film layer 100 to realize the wave band limitation of different light rays, so that the spectral channel is constructed.
The type of color patch corresponds to the number of spectral channels. In one of the spectral channel arrays, one each of all kinds of the spectral channels is included.
In this embodiment, the filter layer 101 includes six color patches corresponding to six different colors from S1 to S6, and the six color patches in the spectral channel array are distributed in a 3 × 2 array.
In fact, the color blocks of different types may be arranged in other arrangement manners, such as in a 2 × 3 array. When the number of spectral channels is different, the spectral channels may also be arranged according to the specific number of spectral channels, for example: when the number of the spectral channels is 8, the spectral channels can be arranged in a 4 × 2 array or a 2 × 4 array.
The optical signals passing through the spectral channel array 201 are subjected to analog-to-digital conversion, digital signal processing, and the like, so that image information outside the multispectral channel device can be acquired.
In this embodiment, the analysis difficulty during calibration can be simplified by the difference between the transmittance of the calibration channel 202 and the spectrum channel. Specifically, the light transmittance of the calibration channel 202 is greatly different from that of the spectrum channel, and after the final image information is obtained, the position of the calibration channel 202 can be directly determined according to the light transmittance difference, so that the position of the spectrum channel is determined.
For example, in an embodiment, the light transmittance of the calibration channel 202 is much higher than the light transmittance of the spectrum channel, and is ten times or more of the light transmittance of the spectrum channel, and the light transmittance of the spectrum channel is less than or equal to 10%, at this time, the light passing through the calibration channel 202 is stronger, the light passing through the spectrum channel is weaker, and on the premise that the positional relationship between the calibration channel 202 and the spectrum channel is known, the position of the calibration channel 202 can be determined by analyzing the brightest point in the image information acquired by the multispectral channel device, and then the position of the spectrum channel is acquired, so as to calibrate the position of the spectrum channel.
In this embodiment, the calibration channel 202 may be constructed by digging an empty slot or a colorless and transparent block in the filter layer 101. The empty groove or the colorless transparent color block can not block the incidence of light, and the light transmittance of the calibration channel 202 can not be influenced by the optical filter.
In this embodiment, the various color blocks, the empty slots, and the colorless transparent blocks all have the same size. In fact, different sizes may be set as desired. For example, to acquire more light in the first wavelength band, the size of the first color block corresponding to the first wavelength band is specially set, and the size of the first color block is set to be larger, so that more acquisition can be achieved.
In another embodiment, the transmittance of the calibration channel 202 is much lower than the transmittance of the spectral channel, which is ten times or more the transmittance of the calibration channel 202, and the transmittance of the calibration channel 202 is less than or equal to 10%.
At this time, the light passing through the spectral channel is stronger, the light passing through the calibration channel 202 is weaker, and on the premise that the positional relationship between the calibration channel 202 and the spectral channel is known, the position of the calibration channel 202 can be determined by analyzing the darkest point in the image information acquired by the multispectral channel device, and then the position of the spectral channel is acquired, so that the position calibration of the spectral channel is realized.
In this embodiment, the calibration channel 202 may be constructed by providing a black color block on the filter layer 101. The calibration channel 202 may be implemented by the filter layer 101. The color blocks of the filter layer 101 corresponding to the calibration channel 202 are black color blocks, and the transmittance of the black color block area is greatly reduced due to good black light absorption.
In other embodiments, the calibration channel 202 may also be constructed by disposing a light shielding sheet in the multispectral film layer 100. The light shielding sheets are distributed in the area corresponding to the calibration channel 202 to shield all light entering, so that the requirement of light transmittance of the calibration channel 202 is met.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the multispectral channel device further includes a pixel array 104, where the pixel array 104 is disposed below the multispectral film layer 100, and includes a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array, and the arrangement of the pixel units is the same as that of the spectral channels, and corresponds to each other. Each pixel unit correspondingly acquires an optical signal emitted from one spectral channel, and performs photoelectric conversion on the optical signals emitted from the spectral channels and the calibration channel 202 to output image information.
The photoelectric sensor comprises a pixel array 104, wherein the pixel array 104 comprises a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array, and the surface area of the pixel array 104 is greater than or equal to that of the multispectral film layer 100. In some other embodiments, the surface area of the pixel array 104 is equal to or greater than the surface area of the distribution area of the spectral and calibration channels 202 when the distribution area of the spectral and calibration channels 202 is not spread over the entire multispectral film layer 100.
When the multispectral channel device is prepared, the photoelectric sensor can be selected according to the requirement of the number of pixel units.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2, the projections of the spectral channels and the calibration channels 202 on the plane of the pixel array 104 coincide with their corresponding pixel units. In fact, the projection of the spectral channel and the calibration channel 202 on the plane of the pixel unit may also have a certain distance from the corresponding pixel unit, as long as the distance is known. At this time, the multispectral film 100 further includes a refraction layer, and the optical signals incident to the spectral channel and the calibration channel 202 pass through the refraction layer and then exit to the corresponding pixel unit.
In this embodiment, the multispectral channel device further includes a cover plate 102, and the cover plate 102 is disposed above the multispectral film layer 100 for providing protection for the spectral channel and the calibration channel 202.
The cover plate 102 directly covers the upper surface of the multispectral film layer 100, and the surface area of the cover plate 102 is greater than or equal to the surface area of the multispectral film layer 100, so as to completely cover the upper surface of the multispectral film layer 100, thereby completely and comprehensively protecting the multispectral film layer 100.
The cover plate 102 comprises at least one of glass, organic plastic, etc., and the cover plate 102 ideally has a light transmittance of 100% without blocking the propagation of light signals incident to the multispectral channel device. Also, the cover plate 102 should be a colorless cover plate 102, preventing any limitation on the wavelength of the optical signal passing through the cover plate 102.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the spectral channel arrays 201 are arranged in an array, and the distance between two adjacent spectral channel arrays 201 is zero.
In a preferred embodiment, the number of the calibration channel array 203 is an odd number of 3 or more, so as to prevent mirror images from occurring during the calibration analysis of the spectral channels by using the multispectral channel device, which results in that the placing direction of each spectral channel cannot be resolved, thereby causing calibration spurious.
In another preferred embodiment, the number of the calibration channel arrays 203 is an even number of more than 3, and the even number of the more than 3 calibration channel arrays are asymmetrically arranged in the distribution area of the spectral channel array to overcome the mirroring problem.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the distribution area of the spectral channel array 201 is rectangular, and the number of the calibration channel arrays 203 is 3, and the calibration channel arrays are respectively arranged near different vertex angles of the quadrangle.
The calibration channel array 203 includes the calibration channels 202(X1, X2, X3), arranged in a second row, a second column, and a second row, a second last column, and a second last row, a second last column in the array formed by the spectral channel array 201. By arranging the calibration channel arrays 203 in these regions, the distance between the calibration channels 202 can be ensured to be wide enough, which is more convenient for identifying the calibration channels 202, and the calibration accuracy of the spectral channels can be increased.
In fact, the specific position of the calibration channel array 203 may also be set as required, such as the calibration channel array 203 is set at the edge position in the distribution area of the spectrum channel array 201, but at the same side edge, etc. The calibration channel 202 is disposed at the edge region of the multispectral film layer 100, so as to facilitate the positioning of the entire multispectral film layer 100.
At least one spectrum channel array 201 without the calibration channel 202 is arranged between the calibration channel array 203 and the outermost edge of the distribution area of the spectrum channel array 201, so that the calibration channel 202 can be prevented from shifting due to imperfect process preparation when the calibration channel 202 is arranged at the outermost edge, and some processing space is reserved for the process preparation, thereby improving the preparation success rate of the multispectral channel device.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, each calibration channel array 203 includes one calibration channel 202, and the calibration channels 202 in each calibration channel array 203 are all disposed at the same position of the calibration channel array 203. When the optical signal emitted from the calibration channel 202 is subsequently compensated, the calibration channels 202 in the calibration channel array 203 may be compensated with uniform amplitude, without performing a targeted compensation calculation for each different calibration channel 202.
In other embodiments, the calibration channels 202 in each calibration channel array 203 may be disposed at different positions to occupy different types of spectral channels, as long as the positions of the calibration channels 202 are known, so as to reduce the difficulty in manufacturing the multispectral channel device.
The embodiment of the application also provides a multispectral channel analysis device.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the multispectral channel analysis device according to an embodiment.
In this embodiment, the multispectral channel analysis device includes a multispectral channel device 300, a memory 302 and a controller 303 as described in the embodiments shown in fig. 1 and 2.
The memory 302 is used for storing the distribution area of the spectral channel array 201 and the distribution position of the calibration channel array 203, and the light transmittance of the spectral channels and the calibration channel 202.
The memory 302 includes a nonvolatile memory 302 such as an SSD solid state disk or a flash memory, or further includes a cache implemented by a DRAM or an SDRAM, and when the multispectral channel analysis device is powered on, the nonvolatile memory 302 loads information such as a distribution area of the spectral channel array 201, a distribution position of the calibration channel array 203, and light transmittance of the spectral channel and the calibration channel 202 into the cache for the controller 303 to quickly access, so as to accelerate the multispectral analysis speed.
The controller 303 is connected to the photosensor and the memory 302, and is configured to obtain the image information, and perform a spectral channel position calibration analysis according to the image information, the distribution area of the spectral channel array 201, the distribution position of the calibration channel array 203, and the light transmittance of the spectral channel and the calibration channel 202.
The controller 303 may be implemented by at least one of a single chip, a programmable logic device, or a microcontroller 303.
In this embodiment, the multispectral channel analysis apparatus further includes an input/output device, which is connected to the memory 302, and a user can input the positional relationship between the spectral channel and the calibration channel 202 and the transmittance of the spectral channel and the calibration channel 202 into the multispectral channel analysis apparatus through the input/output device.
The pixel units in the pixel array 104 are distributed in a one-to-one correspondence with the spectral channels and the calibration channels 202, and the multispectral channel analysis device further includes a compensation circuit, connected to the memory 302 and the pixel array 104, for compensating image information output by the pixel units corresponding to the calibration channels 202 according to a position relationship between the spectral channels and the calibration channels 202 and light transmittances of the spectral channels and the calibration channels 202.
In a preferred embodiment, all the calibration channels 202 are disposed at the same position in different calibration channel arrays 203, and occupy the position of the same spectral channel, so that when pixel information corresponding to the calibration channels 202 is compensated, the calibration channels 202 can be compensated in a uniform amplitude without performing targeted compensation calculation on different calibration channels 202.
In other embodiments, all of the calibration channels 202 may be disposed at different positions in different first arrays, and occupy different types of spectral channels, as long as the positions of the calibration channels 202 are known, so as to reduce the difficulty in manufacturing the multispectral channel device 300.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart illustrating steps of performing calibration of spectral channels by using the multispectral channel analysis device according to an embodiment.
In this embodiment, when the multispectral channel analysis device in the embodiment shown in fig. 3 is used to perform calibration analysis on a spectral channel, the method includes the following steps:
step S401: placing a multispectral channel device 300 under a white light source for image acquisition, wherein the position of a calibration channel 202 in the multispectral channel device 300 is known, the light transmittance of the calibration channel 202 is 100%, and the light transmittance of the spectral channel is 9%, so that the light transmittance of the calibration channel 202 is more than 10 times that of the spectral channel;
step S402: finding out the brightest 3 points in the acquired image, and corresponding to the position of the calibration channel 202, thereby calculating the positions of other spectrum channels;
step S403: recording the sequence of the spectral channels obtained after calibration;
step S404: and repairing the pixel information acquired by the pixel unit corresponding to the calibration channel 202, and outputting the repaired pixel unit.
Because the light transmittance of the calibration channel 202 is different from the light transmittance of other spectral channels, and the light transmittance of the calibration channel 202 is at least 10 times of the light transmittance of the spectral channels, the points corresponding to the calibration channels 202 can be determined to be dead points of the acquired image, and when repairing, an interpolation repairing method can be adopted, and the repairing of the points is realized by using the correlation of the effectiveness of a dead point region and a surrounding region, or the repairing is realized by using an iterative algorithm.
The goal of the restoration is to restore the image formed by the optical signals passing through the calibration channel 202, which is relatively abnormal with respect to the original spectral channel, to the original state, and to restore the pixel points from the highlighted bad point state to the original state.
It should be noted that in this embodiment, the compensation circuit is not provided, and the compensation circuit is used to implement the dead pixel repair, but rather, the algorithm compensation is performed after the image information is acquired through a built-in algorithm of the computer.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present application, and not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and all equivalent structures or equivalent flow transformations made by the contents of the specification and the drawings, such as the combination of technical features between the embodiments and the direct or indirect application to other related technical fields, are also included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (13)
1. A multispectral channel device, comprising:
the multispectral film layer is distributed with a plurality of spectral channel arrays, the spectral channel arrays comprise spectral channels which are arranged in an array, and each spectral channel in one spectral channel array is used for passing optical signals with different wavelengths;
at least one of said spectral channel arrays having more than one of said spectral channels replaced by calibration channels having different light transmittances than said spectral channels to form an array of calibration channels;
the photoelectric sensor comprises a pixel array, wherein the pixel array comprises a plurality of pixel units which are arranged in an array mode, is arranged below the multispectral film layer and is used for receiving optical signals emitted from the spectral channel array and performing photoelectric conversion to output image information.
2. The multispectral channel device of claim 1, wherein the calibration channel has a transmittance that is ten times or more that of the spectral channel, and the spectral channel has a transmittance that is less than or equal to 10%.
3. The multispectral channel device of claim 1, wherein the spectral channel has a transmittance that is ten times or more that of the calibration channel, and the transmittance of the calibration channel is less than or equal to 10%.
4. The multispectral channel device of claim 1, wherein the multispectral film layers comprise filter layers, wherein different color patches of the filter layers correspond to different spectral channels.
5. The multispectral channel device of claim 1, wherein the multispectral film further comprises a light shielding sheet disposed in the distribution range of the calibration channel for adjusting the light transmittance of the calibration channel.
6. The multispectral channel device of claim 1, wherein each of the spectral channel arrays is arranged in an array, and a distance between two adjacent spectral channel arrays is zero.
7. The multispectral channel device according to claim 6, wherein the spectral channel array distribution area is rectangular, and the number of the calibration channel arrays is 3, each being disposed near a different vertex of the quadrilateral.
8. The multispectral channel device of claim 1, wherein each of the calibration channel arrays comprises one of the calibration channels, and the calibration channels in each of the calibration channel arrays are disposed at the same location in the calibration channel array.
9. The multispectral channel device according to claim 1, wherein at least one spectral channel array not containing the calibration channels is arranged between the calibration channel array and the outermost edge of the distribution area of the spectral channel array.
10. The multispectral channel device according to claim 1, wherein the number of the calibration channel arrays is an odd number of 3 or more, or an even number of 3 or more, and the even number of the 3 or more calibration channel arrays are asymmetrically arranged in the distribution area of the spectral channel array.
11. The multispectral channel device of claim 1, further comprising a cover disposed over the multispectral film layer for providing protection to the spectral and calibration channels.
12. An apparatus for multispectral channel analysis, comprising the multispectral channel device of any one of claims 1 to 11, and:
the memory is used for storing the distribution area of the spectrum channel array, the distribution position of the calibration channel array and the light transmittance of the spectrum channel and the calibration channel;
and the controller is connected to the photoelectric sensor and the memory and is used for acquiring the image information and carrying out calibration analysis on the position of the spectral channel according to the image information, the distribution area of the spectral channel array, the distribution position of the calibration channel array and the light transmittance of the spectral channel and the calibration channel.
13. The device according to claim 12, wherein each pixel unit corresponds to a spectral channel or the calibration channel, and further comprising a compensation circuit, connected to the memory and the pixel array, for compensating the image information output by the pixel unit corresponding to the calibration channel according to the position relationship between the spectral channel and the calibration channel and the transmittance of the spectral channel and the calibration channel.
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