CN215103470U - Preparation facilities of high tough cast aluminium base composite - Google Patents
Preparation facilities of high tough cast aluminium base composite Download PDFInfo
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- CN215103470U CN215103470U CN202022449349.7U CN202022449349U CN215103470U CN 215103470 U CN215103470 U CN 215103470U CN 202022449349 U CN202022449349 U CN 202022449349U CN 215103470 U CN215103470 U CN 215103470U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a preparation facilities of high tough cast aluminium base composite belongs to metal material processing technology field. The device comprises a stirring mechanism, a charging hopper, a sealing furnace, a preparation crucible, a heater, a crucible rotating shaft, a mould, a gas release valve and an argon supply device; the preparation crucible, the heater, the crucible rotating shaft and the mold are arranged in the sealing furnace, the stirring mechanism is arranged above the preparation crucible and the sealing furnace and can vertically lift into the preparation crucible, the feeding hopper penetrates through the upper cover of the sealing furnace and is arranged above the side of the preparation crucible, the heater is arranged on the periphery of the preparation crucible, the preparation crucible is in butt joint with the mold through the crucible rotating shaft, the air release valve is arranged on the upper cover of the sealing furnace, and the air release valve is connected with an argon supply device arranged outside the sealing furnace. The device can overcome the technical difficulties that the components are difficult to control and the performance fluctuates due to the large volatilization of volatile strengthening elements caused when the traditional high-toughness aluminum-based composite material is cast by vacuum stirring, and the cost is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of metal material processing, in particular to high tough cast aluminium matrix composite's preparation facilities.
Background
The composite material has excellent comprehensive properties of high specific strength, high specific rigidity, high wear resistance, low thermal expansion, excellent damping performance, dimensional stability and the like, is an ideal material for lightening and improving the performance of key parts in the fields of aerospace, automobile manufacturing and the like, and has huge application potential and wide market prospect.
At present, the preparation method of the composite material mainly comprises a powder metallurgy method and a stirring casting method.
The aluminum-based composite material prepared by the powder metallurgy method has good comprehensive performance, can realize the compounding of metal and particles with large volume mass difference, and can prepare a high-volume-fraction particle reinforced composite material, but the method has the outstanding problems of complex process, long flow, higher preparation cost, difficult component control and the like when preparing the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-based composite material.
The stirring casting method is to make the reinforcing material uniformly distributed in the metal melt by the rotating motion of the stirrer, and then cast and mold. The method has the advantages of simple equipment, convenient operation and low cost, but the reinforced particles are not easy to be uniformly mixed with the matrix material, and the air suction of the material is serious. In addition, in the stirring casting method, in order to reduce the air suction in the stirring process, a vacuum stirring casting method can be adopted, but when the vacuum stirring casting method is adopted to prepare the high-toughness cast aluminum-based composite material, because the high-toughness aluminum alloy melt contains a large amount of volatile elements, the precipitation of a large amount of volatile elements is easily caused in the vacuum stirring process, so that the components of the aluminum-based composite material are difficult to control, and the performance is unstable, therefore, the high-toughness aluminum-based composite material is difficult to effectively prepare by adopting a vacuum stirring technology, and the advantages of vacuum stirring are difficult to exert in the preparation of the high-toughness cast aluminum-based composite material.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Therefore, the utility model provides a high tough cast aluminium-based composite's agitating unit to the problem that exists among the prior art.
A preparation device for high-toughness cast aluminum-based composite material comprises a stirring mechanism, a charging hopper, a sealing furnace, a preparation crucible, a heater, a crucible rotating shaft, a mold, a gas release valve, an argon supply device and the like; the preparation crucible, the heater, the crucible rotating shaft and the mold are arranged in the sealing furnace, the stirring mechanism is arranged above the preparation crucible and the sealing furnace and can be lifted up and down to enter the preparation crucible, the charging hopper penetrates through the upper cover of the sealing furnace and is arranged above the side of the preparation crucible, the heater is arranged on the periphery of the preparation crucible, the preparation crucible is in butt joint with the mold through the crucible rotating shaft, the air release valve is arranged on the upper cover of the sealing furnace and is connected with an argon supply device arranged outside the sealing furnace.
The sealing furnace is a high-vacuum furnace body, and the absolute pressure of the vacuum degree is 0.01-50000 Pa.
The input voltage of the heater is low voltage, and the voltage is 10-110V, preferably 20-110V.
The stirring speed of the stirring mechanism is adjustable, and the speed is between 5 and 3000 r/min.
The feeding speed of the feeding hopper is adjustable and is between 100 and 2000 g/min.
The crucible rotating shaft is arranged on the outer side of the preparation crucible, and the preparation crucible is driven to rotate by the crucible rotating shaft so as to pour the melt in the preparation crucible into the mold.
The method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness cast aluminum-based composite material by adopting the preparation device comprises the following steps of: the high-strength and high-toughness cast aluminum-based composite material is subjected to material design, the high-strength and high-toughness cast aluminum-based composite material is composed of volatile elements, non-volatile elements, reinforcing materials and aluminum, the volatile elements comprise one or more of magnesium, zinc and lithium, the non-volatile elements comprise one or more of aluminum, copper, silicon, manganese, nickel, iron and chromium, the reinforcing materials are SiC and Al2O3、B4C、AlN、Si3N4And one or more of Si; firstly, smelting and melt processing are carried out, elements which are difficult to volatilize and aluminum are smelted together, and an aluminum alloy melt is obtained; secondly, preparing the aluminum-based composite material, adding a reinforcing phase into the aluminum alloy melt, and carrying out strong shearing and stirring to obtain the aluminum-based composite material; then adding materials and stirring, adding a volatile element alloy into the aluminum-based composite material, and stirring for a short time to promote component homogenization; and finally, casting and forming to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-based composite material.
In the preparation method, the smelting and melt processing comprise the following steps: putting the alloy elements which are not easy to volatilize and aluminum alloy or pure aluminum into a preparation crucible, and vacuumizing a sealed furnace to keep the absolute vacuum degree in the furnace at 0.01-1.00 Pa; heating to melt the alloy, wherein the melting temperature is controlled at 680-830 ℃; then degassing and slagging.
In the preparation method, the preparation of the aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps: starting a stirring mechanism, adjusting the stirring speed to be 1000-3000r/min, stirring the alloy melt, adding the reinforcing material, wherein the adding volume fraction of the reinforcing material is 5-30%, the adding speed of the reinforcing material is 100-2000g/min, continuing stirring the melt after the reinforcing material is added, the stirring time is 30-120min, preparing the aluminum-based composite material, and closing the stirring mechanism.
In the preparation method, the charging and stirring steps comprise the following steps: opening a deflation valve and an argon supply device, filling argon gas to keep the absolute vacuum degree in the sealed furnace at 1-50000Pa, sending volatile elements or alloys into a preparation crucible through a charging hopper, stirring the aluminum-based composite material melt at low intensity after melting is finished, stirring the aluminum-based composite material melt at the stirring intensity of 200-.
In the above preparation method, the casting and forming comprises the following steps: after the preparation of the composite material melt is finished, the melt is adjusted to the casting temperature, the casting temperature is controlled at 610-760 ℃, the composite material melt in the crucible is poured into a mold by rotating a crucible rotating shaft, and a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-based composite material casting or ingot is cast.
The device and the method are also suitable for preparing copper-based composite materials, iron-based composite materials, nickel-based composite materials, cobalt-based composite materials, titanium-based composite materials and other composite materials.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of:
(1) can overcome the defects that the components are difficult to control and the performance fluctuates due to the large volatilization of volatile strengthening elements caused by the traditional vacuum stirring casting of the high-toughness aluminum-based composite material.
(2) The volatilization of volatile elements is greatly reduced, and the cost is reduced.
(3) Simple structure and low investment cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for preparing a composite material.
The main reference numbers:
1 stirring mechanism 2 feeding hopper
3 sealed furnace 4 crucible for preparation
5 reinforcing material 6 heater
7 alloy melt 8 crucible rotating shaft
9 mould 10 casting
11 purge valve 12 supply argon device
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 1, the device is a schematic view of the device for preparing the silicon carbide particle reinforced cast aluminum matrix composite material of the present invention. The device consists of a stirring mechanism 1, a charging hopper 2, a sealing furnace 3, a preparation crucible 4, a heater 6, a crucible rotating shaft 8, a mould 9, a gas release valve 11 and an argon supply device 12; the preparation crucible 4, the heater 6, the crucible rotating shaft 8 and the mold 9 are arranged in the sealing furnace 3, the stirring mechanism 1 is arranged above the preparation crucible 4 and the sealing furnace 3, the stirring mechanism 1 can ascend and descend vertically to enter the preparation crucible 4, the charging hopper 2 penetrates through the upper cover of the sealing furnace 3 and is arranged above the side of the preparation crucible 4, the heater 6 is positioned on the periphery of the preparation crucible 4, the preparation crucible 4 can be in butt joint with the mold 9 through the rotating shaft 8, the air release valve 11 is arranged on the upper cover of the sealing furnace 3, and the air release valve 11 is connected with an argon supply device 12 outside the sealing furnace.
The sealed furnace 3 belongs to a high-vacuum furnace body, and the absolute pressure of the vacuum degree is 0.01-50000 Pa; the input voltage of the heater 6 is 20-110V. The stirring speed of the stirring structure 1 is adjustable, and the speed is 5-3000 r/min; the feeding speed of the feeding hopper 2 is adjustable, and the feeding speed is 100-2000 g/min.
The method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-based composite material by adopting the preparation device mainly comprises the following steps and processes:
(1) material design
The base alloy material for the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-based composite material is designed according to the principle that volatile elements and non-volatile elements are separately designed, wherein the volatile elements comprise magnesium, zinc and lithium, and the non-volatile elements comprise aluminum, copper, silicon, manganese, nickel and iron. The elements which are not easy to volatilize are firstly smelted, the reinforcing phase is added, strong shearing and stirring are carried out to prepare the aluminum-based composite material, then the alloy of the volatile elements is added into the aluminum-based composite material, stirring is carried out for a short time, homogenization of the components is promoted, and finally the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-based composite material is obtained.
(2) Melting and melt processing
Placing the alloy elements which are not easy to volatilize and aluminum alloy or pure aluminum into a preparation crucible 1, vacuumizing a sealing furnace 3, and keeping the absolute vacuum degree in the furnace at 0.01-1.00 Pa; heating to melt the alloy, wherein the melting temperature is controlled at 680-830 ℃; then degassing and slagging.
(3) Preparation of aluminum-based composite material
Starting a stirring mechanism, adjusting appropriate parameters, stirring at a speed of 1000-2O3、B4C、AlN、Si3N4And one or more of Si, the adding speed of the reinforcing material 5 is 200-2000g/min, the adding volume fraction of the reinforcing material 5 is 5-30%, the melt is continuously stirred after the reinforcing material 5 is added, the stirring time is 30-120min, the aluminum-based composite material is prepared, and the stirring mechanism is closed.
(4) Adding and stirring
Opening the charging hopper 2, opening the deflation valve 11 and the argon supply device 12, filling argon to keep the absolute vacuum degree in the sealed furnace 3 at 1-50000Pa, sending the volatile element alloy into the crucible, stirring the aluminum-based composite material melt at low intensity for 1-5min after the melting is finished, stirring at the stirring intensity of 200-.
(5) Casting and forming
And after the composite material is prepared, adjusting the melt to a specified temperature, pouring the prepared composite material into a mold, and casting into a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-based composite material casting or ingot.
The following embodiment is to prepare a 7050 high-strength and high-toughness aluminum matrix composite material reinforced by silicon carbide particles with the volume fraction of 20%, and the specific preparation method and the process are as follows:
(1) material design
The 7050 aluminum alloy comprises the following components: 2.0-2.6% of Cu, 1.9-2.6% of Mg, 5.7-6.7% of Zn, 0.12% of Si, 0.15% of Fe, 0.1% of Mn, 0.04% of Cr and the balance of Al. When designing and proportioning, pure aluminum, pure copper or aluminum-copper intermediate alloy is added according to the proportion. The volatile elements of zinc and magnesium are added in proportion.
(2) Melting and melt processing
Putting pure aluminum, pure copper or aluminum-copper intermediate alloy and nonvolatile alloy elements Si, Fe, Mn and Cr into a preparation crucible, and vacuumizing to keep the absolute vacuum degree in the furnace at 0.06 Pa; the alloy was melted by heating, the melting temperature being 720 ℃. Then degassing and slagging.
(3) Preparation of aluminum-based composite material
Starting a stirring mechanism, stirring at 1200r/min, stirring the alloy melt, and feeding the reinforcing material SiCp，SiCpThe adding speed is 500g/min, the volume fraction of the added SiC accounts for 20 percentpContinuously stirring for 90min after the addition is finished, and preparing the SiC with the volume fraction of 20 percentpAnd/7050 Al-based composite material, and closing the stirring mechanism.
(4) Adding and stirring
Opening a charging hopper, opening a deflation valve, filling argon gas to keep the absolute vacuum degree in the sealed furnace at 6000Pa, sending the volatile elements pure zinc and pure magnesium which are proportioned into a crucible through the charging hopper, after the melting is finished, starting a stirring mechanism, stirring the alloy melt for 2min, wherein the stirring strength is 300r/min, uniformly distributing the volatile alloy elements pure zinc and pure magnesium into the melt to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-based composite material, and closing the stirring mechanism and lifting.
(5) Casting and forming
And after the preparation of the composite material is finished, adjusting the temperature of the melt to 680 ℃, pouring the prepared composite material into a mold by rotating a rotating shaft of the crucible, and casting the composite material into a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-based composite material casting or ingot.
The utility model discloses a device can separately design the ratio with volatile element and the difficult volatile element, through smelting the difficult volatile element earlier, adds the reinforcing phase, carries out strong shearing stirring and prepares out aluminium matrix composite, then adds volatile element alloy toward aluminium matrix composite in, carries out the stirring of short time, promotes the composition homogenization, obtains aluminium matrix composite of high toughness at last. The device can overcome the technical difficulties that the components are difficult to control and the performance fluctuates due to the large volatilization of volatile strengthening elements caused when the traditional high-toughness aluminum-based composite material is cast by vacuum stirring, and the cost is greatly reduced.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating but not limiting the technical solutions of the present invention, and although the above embodiments have described the present invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: the invention can be modified or replaced by equivalent means, and any modification and partial replacement without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention should be covered by the claims of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation facilities of high tough cast aluminium base composite material which characterized in that: the device comprises a stirring mechanism, a charging hopper, a sealing furnace, a preparation crucible, a heater, a crucible rotating shaft, a mould, a gas release valve and an argon supply device; the preparation crucible, the heater, the crucible rotating shaft and the mold are arranged in the sealing furnace, the stirring mechanism is arranged above the preparation crucible and the sealing furnace and can be lifted up and down to enter the preparation crucible, the charging hopper penetrates through the upper cover of the sealing furnace and is arranged above the side of the preparation crucible, the heater is arranged on the periphery of the preparation crucible, the preparation crucible is in butt joint with the mold through the crucible rotating shaft, the air release valve is arranged on the upper cover of the sealing furnace and is connected with an argon supply device arranged outside the sealing furnace.
2. The device for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness cast aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the crucible rotating shaft is arranged on the outer side of the preparation crucible, the preparation crucible is driven to rotate by the crucible rotating shaft, and the melt in the preparation crucible is poured into the mold.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202022449349.7U CN215103470U (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2020-10-29 | Preparation facilities of high tough cast aluminium base composite |
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| CN202022449349.7U CN215103470U (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2020-10-29 | Preparation facilities of high tough cast aluminium base composite |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114427044A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-03 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation device and method for high-toughness cast aluminum-based composite material |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114427044A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-03 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation device and method for high-toughness cast aluminum-based composite material |
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