CN215072656U - Night vision imaging system based on single photon sensitivity - Google Patents
Night vision imaging system based on single photon sensitivity Download PDFInfo
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- CN215072656U CN215072656U CN202121664545.4U CN202121664545U CN215072656U CN 215072656 U CN215072656 U CN 215072656U CN 202121664545 U CN202121664545 U CN 202121664545U CN 215072656 U CN215072656 U CN 215072656U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a night vision imaging system based on single photon sensitivity, including image sensor, above-mentioned image sensor front end is equipped with pendulum mirror unit, and above-mentioned pendulum mirror unit is corresponding with the daylighting system of received signal light, and above-mentioned pendulum mirror unit rear end is equipped with the beam expanding unit that corresponds with image sensor, and above-mentioned pendulum mirror unit is used for splitting into N with the incident beam of daylighting system output to the beam expanding unit is spread in the timesharing, and above-mentioned beam expanding unit is used for spreading the incident beam and transmitting to image sensor after expanding; the image sensor comprises a photon detector, the photon detector is used as a pixel of the image sensor, the image sensor transmits a signal to be processed to an analysis system, the analysis system acquires image information through signal data, and the imaging system can reach a single photon magnitude through a night vision imaging system and overcome the problem of insufficient resolution when the single photon detector is used for imaging.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a night vision imaging technology, concretely relates to night vision imaging system based on single photon sensitivity.
Background
In the existing night vision imaging technology, mainly, a CMOS image sensor converts an optical signal collected by a lens into an electronic signal, when the optical signal irradiates the CMOS image sensor, a photoelectric effect occurs to generate a corresponding charge in a pixel unit, and the image signal in a row of pixel units is transmitted to a corresponding analog signal processing unit and an a/D converter through signal buses of respective columns, and is converted into a digital image signal to be output.
Imaging a monochrome image in a dark night environment using a CMOS image sensor; the CMOS image sensor mainly adopts a passive imaging working mode, and under a low-light-level condition, the photosensitive sensitivity of the CMOS image sensor is not high, and the formation of a color image requires a filter to filter a light beam, which may cause the intensity of the light beam acting on the CMOS image sensor to be reduced again, thereby possibly causing the CMOS image sensor to be limited in the photosensitive process and possibly failing to form a clear image.
With scientific progress, a matrix APD is gradually adopted as an image sensor, although the APD image sensor can perform imaging on a lower single photon magnitude, the pixel quantity distribution of the matrix APD is far inferior to that of a CMOS image sensor, and although the APD image sensor can perform image acquisition in a dark night environment, the APD image sensor is limited by insufficient pixel quantity, so that the integration quantity of the APD on the image sensor needs to be increased in an actual application process to meet the pixel requirement, but the volume of the APD image sensor is easily increased by the method; under the same volume, the resolution of the APD image sensor is far lower than that of the CMOS image sensor, and the volume of the APD image sensor also directly affects the installation difficulty and the application scenario of the imaging system, so how to perform imaging on the premise of single photon sensitivity is worthy of study to maintain good imaging quality and reduce the integration number of APDs.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a night vision imaging system based on single photon sensitivity to expect through night vision imaging system, make imaging system can reach the single photon order of magnitude, and overcome the not enough problem of resolution when using single photon detector formation of image.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a night vision imaging system based on single photon sensitivity comprises an image sensor, wherein a swing mirror unit is arranged at the front end of the image sensor and corresponds to a lighting system for receiving signal light, a beam expanding unit corresponding to the image sensor is arranged at the rear end of the swing mirror unit, the swing mirror unit is used for dividing incident beams output by the lighting system into N parts and transmitting the N parts to the beam expanding unit in a time-sharing manner, and the beam expanding unit is used for expanding the incident beams and then transmitting the expanded beams to the image sensor; the image sensor comprises a photon detector, the photon detector is used as a pixel of the image sensor, the image sensor transmits a signal to be processed to an analysis system, and the analysis system acquires image information through signal data.
A processing circuit is arranged between the photon detector and the photon counter, the processing circuit comprises a pulse amplifier, a pulse stretching circuit and a comparator, and the pulse amplifier is used for amplifying an electric pulse signal output by the photon detector; the pulse widening circuit is used for widening the amplified electric pulse signal; the comparator is used for converting the electric pulse signals into standard levels, and the photon counter is used for counting photons of the electric pulse signals output by the comparator.
The image sensor is further provided with a threshold regulator, the threshold regulator is in signal connection with the comparator, and the threshold regulator is used for setting threshold parameters of the comparator.
Preferably, the swing mirror unit comprises a swing mirror and a closed-loop feedback system, and the swing mirror is controlled to swing in the axial direction and the longitudinal direction through the closed-loop feedback system.
According to a further technical scheme, the incident light beams of the swing mirror are reflected to a beam expanding unit, the beam expanding unit is a beam expanding mirror, and the beam expanding mirror is used for expanding the incident light beams to correspond to the image sensor.
Preferably, an optical attenuator is disposed at a front end or a rear end of the swing mirror unit, and the optical attenuator adjusts the beam intensity of the signal light to be within an operating range of the device.
Preferably, a filter is disposed between the image sensor and the beam expander, and the color of the incident light beam is filtered by the filter.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are one of following at least:
the utility model discloses can be under dark night environment, can image to single photon magnitude, show the design size who has reduced image sensor simultaneously. The processing circuit is arranged in the image sensor, so that the sensitivity of single photons is achieved, and the long-distance imaging is convenient to realize; while achieving high resolution imaging. The utility model discloses a timesharing formation of image can dispose the light filter to can reach night vision formation of image effect under the shimmer state under dark night environment, and obtain the color image of high resolution.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a distribution schematic diagram of the photon detector of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the installation of the optical filter of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the output structure of the image sensor of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
the system comprises an image sensor 1, a swing mirror 2, a beam expanding unit 3, a photon detector 4, a photon counter 5, an optical attenuator 6 and an optical filter 7.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 to 4, an embodiment of the present invention is a night vision imaging system based on single photon sensitivity, the front end of the image sensor 1 is provided with a swing mirror unit 2, the swing mirror unit 2 corresponds to a lighting system receiving signal light, the rear end of the swing mirror unit 2 is provided with a beam expanding unit 3 corresponding to the image sensor 1, the swing mirror unit 2 is used for dividing an incident beam output by the lighting system into N parts and transmitting the N parts to the beam expanding unit 3 in a time-sharing manner, and the beam expanding unit 3 is used for transmitting the incident beam to the image sensor 1 after expanding the beam; the image sensor 1 comprises a photon detector 4, the photon detector 4 is used as a pixel of the image sensor 1, the image sensor 1 transmits a signal to be processed to an analysis system, and the analysis system acquires image information through signal data.
The lighting system is an imaging lens of the camera, and imaging light beams are output to the swing mirror unit 2 through the imaging lens.
The image sensor 1 adopts a photon detector 4 to detect an incident beam with a photon magnitude, and the photon detector 4 is a high-sensitivity photoelectric device which enables a junction type semiconductor to generate a carrier avalanche multiplication effect under the action of an electric field. The photon detector 4 is arranged to work in a Geiger mode, the photon detector 4 has good light sensitivity, can actively detect the signal of an incident beam, and can realize single photon magnitude detection in magnitude. Specifically, photons of the incident light beam contain energy, the energy can be absorbed by the photon detector 4 and generate electron-hole pairs, because a higher electric field can be formed in a depletion region through the voltage of the photon detector 4, carriers can be accelerated by a strong electric field to obtain great kinetic energy when passing through the depletion region, so that an impact ionization effect is generated, the carriers collide with lattices of a semiconductor to ionize the lattices to generate secondary electron-hole pairs, and the secondary generated electron-hole pairs are continuously accelerated to generate more electron-hole pairs, so that an avalanche multiplication effect of the carriers is formed, so that the photon detector 4 can obtain enough light sensitivity and quick response time in a geiger mode to meet the system operation.
The incident beam output by the imaging lens is divided into N parts by the swing mirror unit 2, one-nth incident beam is reflected to the beam expanding unit 3 by the swing of the swing mirror unit 2 every time, and one-nth reflected beam is expanded by the beam expanding unit 3 to correspondingly irradiate the one-nth reflected beam to the image sensor 1; one-N incident beams irradiate the image sensor 1 and are completely detected by the photon detector 4; imaging is performed by the image sensor 1.
The beam expanding unit 3 expands the reflected light beam to a size corresponding to the image sensor 1, and the incident light beam can be reflected to the beam expanding unit 3 in a time-sharing manner through N times of swinging of the swing mirror unit 2; and finally the image sensor 1 uses the discrete single photon pulse signal for imaging, so that the image sensor 1 can obtain an image with good resolution under a certain size.
Example 2:
based on the above-mentioned embodiment, refer to fig. 2 and show, another embodiment of the utility model is that above-mentioned image sensor 1 includes carrier 101, and above-mentioned photon detector 4 is array distribution on the carrier, and above-mentioned night vision imaging system still includes photon counter 5, and above-mentioned photon counter 5 corresponds with photon detector 4, gathers light signal and forms pulse signal by above-mentioned photon detector 4, counts pulse signal and forms signal data by photon counter 5.
The carrier 101 is used as a bearing unit of the image sensor 1, and the photon detectors 4 are distributed on the carrier in an array according to the required size; the larger the number of the photon detectors 4 distributed on the image sensor 1 is, the smaller the value of N divided into N by the oscillating mirror unit 2 is.
Photon counting is carried out on the photon-level light beam through the photon counter 5, when photons reach the photon counter 5 during detection, the photon counter 5 carries out photon counting according to pulses, data are transmitted to the analysis system, the analysis system processes data signals, and finally image data are obtained.
For example, the time for the imaging lens to capture an image of one frame is about 40ms, i.e., the duration of one incident light beam is about 40 ms; the image sensor 1 adopts a 16X16 resolution distribution of photon detectors 4, one photon detector 4 for each pixel, i.e. the image sensor 1 can obtain 256 pixels at a time. The swing mirror divides the wavefront of an incident light beam into 3600 parts, the swing mirror transmits the light beam divided into 3600 parts to the beam expanding unit 3 within 40ms, the light beam is transmitted to the image sensor 1 after being expanded by the beam expanding unit 3, signals obtained by the image sensor 1 form a frame of image through an analysis system at the rear end of the image sensor 1, and the pixel quantity of the image can meet the resolution of 1280X 720.
For example, the time for the imaging lens to capture an image of one frame is about 40ms, i.e., the duration of one incident light beam is about 40 ms; the image sensor 1 adopts photon detectors 4 with 25X25 resolution to distribute, that is, 625 pixels can be obtained by the image sensor 1 once, the swing mirror divides the wavefront of an incident light beam into 1475 parts, the swing mirror swings 1475 times within 40ms, the swing mirror totally reflects the 1475 parts of the light beam to the beam expanding unit 3, and after the light beam is expanded by the beam expanding unit 3, a frame image with 1280X720 resolution is formed.
Further, a processing circuit is further arranged between the photon detector 4 and the photon counter 5, and the processing circuit comprises a pulse amplifier and a comparator, wherein the pulse amplifier is used for amplifying an electric pulse signal output by the photon detector 4; the comparator is used for converting the electric pulse signal into a standard level, and the photon counter 5 is used for counting photons of the electric pulse signal output by the comparator.
The electric pulse signals are converted into standard levels through the comparator, and the standard levels are beneficial to the photon counter 5 to carry out technology on one hand, and are beneficial to the back-end photon counter 5 to identify possible false pulses based on pulse width on the other hand.
Furthermore, the processing circuit is further provided with a threshold regulator, the threshold regulator is in signal connection with the comparator, and the threshold regulator is used for setting the threshold parameter of the comparator. The pulses which need to be screened by the comparator are preliminarily screened by the threshold regulator, so that the condition that the pulse signals which exceed the threshold range are recorded by the photon counter 5 is avoided. Wherein, the data recorded by the photon counter 5 is displayed in digital form and is directly input into an analysis system for analysis and processing in the form of digital signals; the analysis system processes the data signals by combining with a corresponding algorithm to form image data, and finally, the image data can be converted into readable data to be displayed on a computer display.
Example 3:
based on the above embodiment, another embodiment of the present invention is that the swing mirror unit 2 includes a swing mirror and a closed-loop feedback system, and the swing mirror is controlled to swing in the axial direction and the longitudinal direction by the closed-loop feedback system; the signal light generates an imaging incident light beam through the imaging lens, and the incident light beam is conveniently divided in the axial direction and the longitudinal direction by utilizing the axial direction and the longitudinal direction of the swing mirror.
The closed-loop feedback system is an existing system unit, the swing mirror is controlled to swing through the closed-loop feedback system, the deviation value is corrected through the closed-loop feedback system, therefore, incident light beams are divided through the swing mirror according to the dividing requirements, when the controlled swing mirror sends any one of the divided incident light beams to the beam expanding unit 3, a CPU of the closed-loop feedback system controls the swing mirror to send out a new command according to a set target value, the swing mirror swings again, and the time-sharing emitting effect is achieved. It is important to note that the swing mirror unit 2 can be adapted to an open loop control system in addition to a closed loop feedback system.
Further, the oscillating mirror reflects the incident light beam to the beam expanding unit 3, the beam expanding unit 3 is a beam expanding mirror, and the beam expanding mirror is used for expanding the incident light beam and enabling the incident light beam to correspond to the size of the image sensor 1.
The beam expander can adjust the divergence angle of the light beam, specifically, the incident light beam reflected by the swing mirror can be divided into N parts, the divergence angle of each divided light beam cannot directly correspond to the image sensor 1, and for the convenience of acquisition of the image sensor 1, after the incident light beam divided by the swing mirror is expanded by the beam expander, the incident light beam can correspond to the image sensor 1 in size; thereby obtaining good matching effect. The beam expander transmits the incident beam to the image sensor 1, so that the photon detector on the image sensor 1 can well detect the incident beam.
Example 4:
based on the above embodiment, another embodiment of the present invention is that the front end or the rear end of the swing mirror unit 2 is provided with an optical attenuator 6, and the optical attenuator 6 adjusts the beam intensity of the signal light to be within the working range of the device; the optical attenuator 6 is an existing commercial product, and the main optical attenuator 6 adjusts the intensity of the light beam with the illumination parameter exceeding the working range of the system, so as to ensure that the system can be used in different illumination environments.
Example 5:
based on the above embodiment, another embodiment of the present invention is that an optical filter 7 is disposed between the image sensor 1 and the beam expanding unit 3, and the color of the incident light beam is filtered by the optical filter 7; the optical filter 7 is an existing optical element, the light beam is filtered into three colors of red, green and blue through the optical filter 7, and the optical filter 7 is divided into a red filter, a blue filter and a green filter because one photon detector 4 is a pixel. Each pixel is assigned to a color filter and is formed in an array in front of the image sensor 1, and the red, blue and green filters of the filter 7 may be implemented by the existing Bayer array.
It should be noted that although the optical filter 7 reduces the light intensity, the influence of the photon detector 4 capable of collecting the photon magnitude is very small, so that an image with color can be obtained even in a dark night state.
Example 6:
based on the above embodiment, an embodiment of the utility model is an operation embodiment, a night vision imaging method, with incident beam through pendulum mirror unit 2 split into N, and every light beam all transmits image sensor 1 through the mode of expanding the beam, makes the light beam after expanding match with image sensor 1, makes pendulum mirror unit 2 swing N times in horizontal and vertical in the settlement time, makes image sensor 1 obtain the pixel volume of self N times.
Furthermore, in cooperation with a night vision imaging system, firstly, the size of the image sensor 1 is determined, the photon detectors 4 are integrated on the image sensor 1, and the photon detectors 4 are distributed in an array manner, so that each pixel of the image sensor 1 has sensitivity of single photon magnitude, and the installation of the image sensor 1 is completed; then adjusting the swing mirror unit 2 and the beam expanding unit 3 to enable the swing mirror unit 2 to correspond to the beam expanding unit 3, and adjusting a lens of the beam expanding unit 3 to enable a light beam expanded by the beam expanding unit 3 to correspond to the size of the image sensor 1; that is, the focal plane of the expanded light coincides with the image sensor 1 and forms a complete coverage.
For example, after determining the size of the image sensor 1, the photon detectors 4 are integrated on the image sensor 1, and the photon detectors 4 are distributed in an array, so as to complete the installation of the image sensor 1, wherein each photon detector 4 is a pixel, and the photon detectors 4 facilitate the use of the geiger mode.
It should be noted that photon counters 5 may be added at the rear end of the image sensor 1, so that one photon counter 5 corresponds to one photon detector 4, thereby obtaining photon count data.
Adjusting the swing mirror unit 2 and the beam expanding unit 3, wherein the swing range of the swing mirror unit 2, the cambered surface of the reflected light beam and the reflection form are adjusted, so that the swing mirror unit 2 can reflect the light beam to the beam expanding unit 3, namely the emergent light beam of the swing mirror unit 2 enters the field angle range of the beam expanding unit 3; the lens of the beam expanding unit 3 is adjusted, the focal length, the cambered surface and the thickness of the lens group of the beam expanding unit 3 are adjusted, and the beam expanding angle is adjusted, so that the light beam corresponds to the size of the image sensor 1 after being expanded by the beam expanding unit 3. The beam is divided into N parts by the oscillating mirror unit 2, so that one-N parts of the beam can be collected by the image sensor 1.
Since the light beam reflected by the oscillating mirror unit 2 cannot be directly matched with the image sensor 1, the reflected light beam needs to be expanded by the beam expanding unit 3. The oscillating mirror unit 2 is oscillated N times within a certain time by the oscillating mirror unit 2, and the resolution N times the pixel quantity of the image sensor 1 is obtained. In actual operation, the user determines the value of N according to the imaging resolution:
for example, in the case of determining the pixel quantity of the image sensor 1, the larger the N value is, the higher the imaging resolution of the pendulum is; similarly, the image sensor 1 has a constant pixel amount, and the smaller the N value, the lower the imaging resolution.
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment," "another embodiment," "an embodiment," "a preferred embodiment," or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment described generally in this application. The appearances of the same phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the scope of the invention to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments.
Although the invention has been described herein with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this invention. More specifically, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the disclosure, the drawings and the appended claims. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, other uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A night vision imaging system based on single photon sensitivity, comprising an image sensor (1), characterized in that: the front end of the image sensor (1) is provided with a swing mirror unit (2), the swing mirror unit (2) corresponds to a lighting system for receiving signal light, the rear end of the swing mirror unit (2) is provided with a beam expanding unit (3) corresponding to the image sensor (1), the swing mirror unit (2) is used for dividing an incident beam output by the lighting system into N parts and transmitting the N parts to the beam expanding unit (3) in a time-sharing manner, and the beam expanding unit (3) is used for expanding the incident beam and then transmitting the expanded beam to the image sensor (1); the image sensor (1) comprises a photon detector (4), the photon detector (4) is used as a pixel of the image sensor (1), the image sensor (1) transmits a processing signal to an analysis system, and the analysis system acquires image information through signal data.
2. The night vision imaging system based on single photon sensitivity of claim 1, characterized in that: the image sensor (1) comprises a carrier (101), the photon detectors (4) are distributed on the carrier in an array mode, the night vision imaging system further comprises photon counters (5), the photon counters (5) correspond to the photon detectors (4), the photon detectors (4) collect optical signals and form pulse signals, and the photon counters (5) count the pulse signals and form signal data.
3. The night vision imaging system based on single photon sensitivity of claim 2, characterized in that: a processing circuit is further arranged between the photon detector (4) and the photon counter (5), the processing circuit comprises a pulse amplifier and a comparator, and the pulse amplifier is used for amplifying electric pulse signals output by the photon detector (4); the comparator is used for converting the electric pulse signals into standard levels, and the photon counter (5) counts photons of the electric pulse signals output by the comparator.
4. The night vision imaging system based on single photon sensitivity of claim 3, characterized in that: and the processing circuit is also provided with a threshold regulator, the threshold regulator is in signal connection with the comparator, and the threshold regulator is used for setting the threshold parameter of the comparator.
5. The night vision imaging system based on single photon sensitivity of claim 1, characterized in that: the swing mirror unit (2) comprises a swing mirror and a closed-loop feedback system, and the swing mirror is controlled to swing in the axial direction and the longitudinal direction through the closed-loop feedback system.
6. The night vision imaging system based on single photon sensitivity of claim 5, characterized in that: the incident beam of the swing mirror is reflected to the beam expanding unit (3), the beam expanding unit (3) is a beam expanding mirror, and the beam expanding mirror is used for expanding the incident beam to correspond to the image sensor (1).
7. The night vision imaging system based on single photon sensitivity of claim 1, characterized in that: the front end or the rear end of the swing mirror unit (2) is provided with an optical attenuator (6), and the optical attenuator (6) adjusts the light beam intensity of the signal light to be within the working range of the equipment.
8. The night vision imaging system based on single photon sensitivity of claim 1, characterized in that: an optical filter (7) is arranged between the image sensor (1) and the beam expanding unit (3), and the color of the incident light beam is filtered by the optical filter (7).
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| CN202121664545.4U CN215072656U (en) | 2021-07-21 | 2021-07-21 | Night vision imaging system based on single photon sensitivity |
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| CN202121664545.4U CN215072656U (en) | 2021-07-21 | 2021-07-21 | Night vision imaging system based on single photon sensitivity |
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