CN214991905U - Microbial electrolysis cell - Google Patents

Microbial electrolysis cell Download PDF

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CN214991905U
CN214991905U CN202120378396.9U CN202120378396U CN214991905U CN 214991905 U CN214991905 U CN 214991905U CN 202120378396 U CN202120378396 U CN 202120378396U CN 214991905 U CN214991905 U CN 214991905U
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uranium
microbial
cathode
anode
electrolytic cell
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吴晓燕
谢雯婕
吕春雪
李密
张晓文
孙都
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University of South China
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

The utility model provides a microbial electrolysis cell, this microbial electrolyte includes: an electrolytic cell; electrolyte solution and uranium-containing wastewater are arranged in the electrolytic cell; the biological anode and the biological cathode are arranged in the electrolytic cell; an external circuit connecting the bioanode and the biocathode; the microbial electrolytic cell is used for carrying out microbial electrochemical reduction on the uranium-containing wastewater. Compared with the prior art, the utility model adopts the microbial electrolytic cell to treat the uranium-bearing wastewater, and hexavalent uranium ions with lower concentration can be reduced by applying smaller voltage, so that the application range of the pH value is wide; the biological cathode is established, so that the treatment process of the uranium-containing wastewater is accelerated, the treatment efficiency of the uranium-containing wastewater is improved, and the operation cost is further reduced; moreover, the microbial electrolysis cell can also generate a large amount of hydrogen while treating the uranium-containing wastewater.

Description

Microbial electrolysis cell
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of water treatment, especially, relate to a microbial electrolysis cell.
Background
With the rapid development of economy, fossil fuel energy has not been able to meet the development needs of today's society, and thus more and more countries have turned their attention to nuclear energy. The development of nuclear energy inevitably produces a large amount of uranium-containing wastewater, which is different from common industrial wastewater and has certain radioactivity. After dissolved uranium U (VI) or uranyl ions in the uranium-containing wastewater enter animal and plant bodies through a water body, the dissolved uranium U (VI) or uranyl ions can still undergo transmutation to emit rays, so that the growth of the animal and plant is influenced by stimulation; uranium ions entering human bodies seriously damage the organs of the human bodies and cause corresponding complications, thereby causing great threat to human and environment. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of people and natural environment, the uranium-bearing wastewater needs to be treated timely and effectively.
In 2005, since the discovery of Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) technology by two independent teams at pennsylvania state university and the university of wagonian, MEC has been developed from the early stage of hydrogen production mainly to wastewater treatment, desalination, production of chemical products, and the like. As an emerging bioelectrochemical technology, MEC shows great advantages and potentials in the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals. The basic principle of MEC for treating wastewater containing heavy metals is that microorganisms in an anode chamber of the MEC catalytically oxidize organic matters to generate electrons and protons, the generated electrons are transferred to an anode through extracellular electron carriers of the microorganisms and then transferred to the surface of a cathode through an external circuit under the action of potential difference provided by external voltage, the protons reach a cathode region from an anode region through a proton exchange membrane or a diffusion mode, heavy metal ions in the cathode region are used as electron acceptors, the electrons are reduced and removed, and meanwhile, the protons are combined with the electrons to generate products such as hydrogen, methane and the like. Thereby achieving the purpose of pollutant reduction.
Currently, there are many experts and scholars using MEC to treat wastewater containing heavy metals. If biological cathode of MEC is used to treat wastewater containing nickel, low-potential nickel (Ni) is found2+) The treatment efficiency of (2) is as high as 70%, wherein the electrochemical reduction of the microorganisms is the main reaction process for removing nickel; such as the production of hydrogen and the recovery or disposal of cobalt ions (Co) from wastewater generated during simulated or actual lithium battery production using MEC technology3+) Wherein, when the stainless steel net is used as the cathode, the removal rate of cobalt can reach 75.4 percent under the condition that the applied voltage is 0.5 v; the MEC technology can also be used for treating wastewater containing cadmium (Cd), and has different degrees of influence on the treatment of Cd due to the difference between an external power supply and an input carbon source, wherein the removal rate of sodium acetate is improved by 20 percent compared with that of sodium bicarbonate serving as the carbon source, and the cadmium removal efficiency reaches 7.33 +/-0.37 mg/L/h; in addition, the MEC technology can also be used in the treatment of acid mine wastewater, and achieves better removal effect on removing sulfate and heavy metals in the acid mine wastewater. The research results show that the MEC technology has great research potential and practical feasibility in the field of heavy metal wastewater treatment.
The development direction of the uranium pollution control technology is to realize harmlessness, recycling and energy regeneration. MEC is a new electrochemical technique in which heavy metals such as cadmium, nickel, cobalt, etc. can be reduced by applying a small voltage. Therefore, the establishment of the biological cathode through MEC has great significance for the treatment of uranium-containing wastewater.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a microbial electrolysis cell, which is high in treatment efficiency, environment-friendly, simple in operation and capable of producing hydrogen synchronously.
The utility model provides a microbial electrolysis cell, include:
an electrolytic cell; electrolyte solution and uranium-containing wastewater are arranged in the electrolytic cell;
the biological anode and the biological cathode are arranged in the electrolytic cell; the biological anode comprises an anode current collector and a microbial film arranged on the surface of the anode current collector; the biological cathode comprises a cathode current collector and Ni-Cu/CeO arranged on the surface of the cathode current collector2Catalyst layer and catalyst layer arranged in Ni-Cu/CeO2A microbial film on the surface of the catalytic layer;
an external circuit connecting the bioanode to the biocathode.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the area of the anode current collector to the volume of the electrolytic cell is 5-15 cm2：150～250mL。
Preferably, the ratio of the area of the cathode current collector to the volume of the electrolytic cell is 5-15 cm2：150～250mL。
Preferably, the external circuit includes a power supply and a fixed resistor.
Preferably, the fixed resistor is connected in series between the positive electrode of the power supply and the biological anode.
Preferably, the fixed resistor has a resistance value of 10 Ω.
Preferably, the system also comprises a data collector; and the data acquisition unit is connected with two ends of the fixed resistor.
Preferably, a reference electrode is also included; the reference electrode is disposed in the cathode region of the electrolytic cell.
Preferably, the biocathode is Ni-Cu/CeO2The mass ratio of Ni, Cu and Ce in the catalyst layer is (15-25): (3-6): (1-3).
The utility model provides a microbial electrolysis cell, this microbial electrolyte includes: an electrolytic cell; electrolyte solution and uranium-containing wastewater are arranged in the electrolytic cell; the biological anode and the biological cathode are arranged in the electrolytic cell; the biological anode comprises an anode current collector and a microbial film arranged on the surface of the anode current collector; the biological cathode comprises a cathode current collector and Ni-Cu/CeO arranged on the surface of the cathode current collector2Catalyst layer and catalyst layer arranged in Ni-Cu/CeO2A biofilm on the surface of the catalytic layer; an external circuit connecting the bioanode and the biocathode; the microbial electrolytic cell is used for carrying out microbial electrochemical reduction on the uranium-containing wastewater. Compared with the prior artCompared with the prior art, the utility model adopts the microbial electrolytic cell to treat the uranium-bearing wastewater, and can reduce the hexavalent uranium ions with lower concentration by adding smaller voltage, thus having wide pH value application range; the biological cathode is established, so that the treatment process of the uranium-containing wastewater is accelerated, the treatment efficiency of the uranium-containing wastewater is improved, and the operation cost is further reduced; moreover, the microbial electrolysis cell can also generate a large amount of hydrogen while treating the uranium-containing wastewater.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microbial electrolytic cell provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The utility model provides a microbial electrolysis cell, include:
an electrolytic cell; electrolyte solution and uranium-containing wastewater are arranged in the electrolytic cell; the biological anode and the biological cathode are arranged in the electrolytic cell; the biological anode comprises an anode current collector and a microbial film arranged on the surface of the anode current collector; the biological cathode comprises a cathode current collector and Ni-Cu/CeO arranged on the surface of the cathode current collector2Catalyst layer and catalyst layer arranged in Ni-Cu/CeO2A microbial film on the surface of the catalytic layer;
an external circuit connecting the bioanode to the biocathode.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microbial electrolysis cell provided by the present invention.
The utility model provides a microbial electrolytic cell which comprises an electrolytic cell; the electrolytic cell can be a single-chamber electrolytic cell or a double-chamber electrolytic cell; when the electrolytic cell is a double-chamber electrolytic cell, the electrolytic cell preferably further comprises an ion exchange membrane, and the two chambers are separated by the ion exchange membrane; the ion exchange membrane is preferably a proton exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane or a cation exchange membrane; in the embodiment provided by the present invention, the ion exchange membrane is specifically a proton exchange membrane.
Electrolyte solution and uranium-containing wastewater are arranged in the electrolytic cell and are places where microbial electrochemical reduction reactions occur; when the electrolytic cell is a single-chamber electrolytic cell, the electrolyte solution preferably comprises nutrient salts, phosphate buffer solution, trace elements and a carbon source; the nutrient salts preferably include ammonium chloride and potassium chloride; the concentration of the nutrient salt in the electrolyte solution is preferably 0.3-0.8 g/L, more preferably 0.4-0.5 g/L, and further preferably comprises 0.31g/L of ammonium chloride and 0.13g/L of potassium chloride; the trace elements preferably comprise calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, manganese sulfate, sodium molybdate, boric acid and zinc chloride; the carbon source is preferably one or more of glucose, sodium acetate, starch and protein, and is specifically sodium acetate in the embodiment provided by the utility model; the adding amount of the carbon source is preferably selected to ensure that the concentration of the carbon source in the electrolyte is 1-1.5 g/L, and more preferably 1.28 g/L; when the electrolytic cell is a double-chamber electrolytic cell, the uranium-containing wastewater is arranged in the electrolytic cell arranged at a biological cathode, and the anode electrolyte solution preferably comprises nutrient salts, trace elements and a carbon source; the cathode electrolyte solution preferably comprises nutrient salt, phosphate buffer solution, trace elements, a carbon source and phosphate buffer solution; the nutrient salts preferably include ammonium chloride and potassium chloride; the concentration of the nutrient salt in the electrolyte solution is preferably 0.3-0.8 g/L, more preferably 0.4-0.5 g/L, and further preferably comprises 0.31g/L of ammonium chloride and 0.13g/L of potassium chloride; the trace elements preferably comprise calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, manganese sulfate, sodium molybdate, boric acid and zinc chloride; the carbon source is preferably one or more of glucose, sodium acetate, starch and protein, and is specifically sodium acetate in the embodiment provided by the utility model; the amount of the carbon source added is preferably such that the concentration of the carbon source in the electrolyte is 1-1.5 g/L, more preferably 1.28 g/L. In the present invention, the phosphate buffer preferably includes sodium dihydrogen phosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate; the concentration of the sodium dihydrogen phosphate is preferably 5-6 g/L, and more preferably 5.54 g/L; the concentration of the disodium hydrogen phosphate is preferably 22-24 g/L, and more preferably 23.1 g/L.
Still be provided with biological anode and biological cathode in the electrolytic bath, just biological anode and biological cathode submergence in electrolyte solution and uranium-bearing waste water.
The biological anode comprises an anode current collector and a microbial film arranged on the surface of the anode current collector; the anode current collector is preferably a carbon material, and more preferably a carbon cloth; the rough surface of the carbon cloth is more beneficial to forming a film on the surface of the mixed bacteria, and the mixed bacteria are not easy to fall off after the film is hung; the preferred ratio of the area of the anode current collector to the volume of the electrolytic cell is 5-15 cm2: 150 to 250mL, more preferably 8 to 12cm2: 150 to 250mL, and more preferably 9cm2: 150-250 mL; and a microbial film is arranged on the surface of the anode current collector. The microbial membrane is preferably formed by an electrogenic bacterium; the electrogenic bacteria are preferably derived from one or more of anaerobic sludge of a sewage treatment plant cultured by the uranium-containing wastewater, effluent of a microbial fuel cell and a microbial electrolytic cell, and particularly anaerobic sludge of the sewage treatment plant cultured by the uranium-containing wastewater in the embodiment provided by the utility model; microorganisms are attached to the surface of the anode current collector to form a biological anode, organic matters in electrolyte solution in an anode area can be oxidized and metabolized to generate electrons and protons, and the electrons are transferred to the anode through external microbial electron carriers; the anode reaction formula is:
CH3COO-+2H2O→CO2+8e-+7H+
the biological cathode comprises a cathode current collector and Ni-Cu/CeO arranged on the surface of the cathode current collector2Catalyst layer and catalyst layer arranged in Ni-Cu/CeO2A microbial film on the surface of the catalytic layer; the cathode current collector is preferably a stainless steel mesh, a platinum mesh or titanium foam; the surface area of the cathode current collector is preferably 5-15 cm2More preferably 8 to 12cm2And is further preferably 9cm2(ii) a The preferred ratio of the area of the cathode current collector to the volume of the electrolytic cell is 5-15 cm2: 150 to 250mL, more preferably 8 to 12cm2: 150 to 250mL, and more preferably 9cm2: 150-250 mL; the surface of the cathode current collector is provided withNi-Cu/CeO2The catalyst layer, wherein the mass ratio of Ni, Cu and Ce is preferably (15-25): (3-6): (1-3), more preferably (18-22): (4-6): 2, more preferably 20: 5: 2; if the mass of the microbial film is neglected, the loading amount of the Ni element in the biological cathode is preferably 15-25 wt%, more preferably 18-22 wt%, and still more preferably 20 wt%; the loading amount of the Cu element is preferably 3-6 wt%, more preferably 4-6 wt%, and still more preferably 5 wt%; the preferable load amount of the Ce element is 1-3 wt%, and the more preferable load amount is 2 wt%; the surface is provided with Ni-Cu/CeO2The catalyst layer is more beneficial to the growth of microorganisms, improves the electron accepting efficiency, accelerates the establishment of a biological cathode and reduces overpotential; Ni-Cu/CeO2A microbial film forming biological cathode is arranged on the surface of the catalytic layer and serves as a catalyst of cathode reaction, so that the reduction of hexavalent uranium and the generation of hydrogen can be accelerated; the cathode reaction formula is:
UO2 2++2e-→U4+
2H++e-→H2
the utility model selects the loaded nanometer Ni-Cu/CeO2Catalytic electrodes are not replaceable with all three metals. The addition of non-noble metal Ni improves the catalytic activity of the electrode, reduces the overpotential of the reactor and improves the hydrogen production rate of the reactor. And due to the synergistic electronic effect among metals, the performance of the nickel alloy in the aspect of catalytic hydrogen production is superior to that of the nickel metal alone. Therefore, Ni-Cu alloy is used; loading the auxiliary agent Ce inorganic salt and Ni-Cu alloy on the formed stainless steel net/foam titanium, and finally obtaining the nano Ni-Cu/CeO by various means2A catalytic electrode. Compared with a common cathode electrode, the catalyst electrode accelerates the starting of the reactor under the metal matching, improves the removing efficiency of uranium and other metal ions, and improves the removing efficiency of COD (chemical oxygen demand) and ammonia nitrogen in the reactor.
In addition, the microbes attached to the anode and the cathode have wide sources and extremely low cost, and the microbes have excellent adaptability to various environments.
The biological anode and the biological cathode are communicated through an external circuit; the external circuit comprises a power supply and a fixed resistor; the power supply is preferably a direct current stabilized power supply; the fixed resistor is preferably connected in series between the positive electrode of the power supply and the biological anode; the resistance value of the fixed resistor is preferably 10 Ω.
The utility model provides a microbial electrolysis cell which preferably also comprises a data collector; and the data collector is connected with two ends of the fixed resistor and used for recording voltages at two ends of the fixed circuit and calculating the current value in the circuit through ohm's law.
The cathode area of the microbial electrolysis cell provided by the utility model is preferably also provided with a reference electrode; the reference electrode is preferably Ag/AgCl.
The utility model also provides a uranium-bearing waste water's processing method, include: the method is suitable for the microbial electrolytic cell to carry out microbial electrochemical reduction on the uranium-containing wastewater.
Wherein, the utility model discloses do not have special restriction to the source of all raw materials, for the market can.
The composition of the microbial electrolysis cell is the same as that described above, and the details are not repeated.
The biocathode is preferably prepared according to the following steps: dipping and drying a cathode current collector in a solution containing nickel ions, cerium ions and copper ions, and sintering to obtain a cathode electrode; and domesticating the cathode electrode in an electrolyte solution containing an electrogenic flora and a carbon source by electrode polarity inversion under the condition of external voltage to obtain the biological cathode.
Wherein the cathode current collector is preferably a stainless steel mesh, a platinum mesh or titanium foam; the surface area of the cathode current collector is preferably 5-15 cm2More preferably 8 to 12cm2And is further preferably 9cm2(ii) a The nickel ions are preferably provided by an inorganic salt of nickel, more preferably by nickel nitrate; the cerium ions are preferably provided by an inorganic salt of cerium, more preferably by cerium nitrate; the copper ions are preferably provided by a soluble inorganic salt of copper, preferably copper nitrate; the drying temperature is preferably 100-120 ℃, and in the utility model, the drying temperature is 110 ℃; the drying time is preferably 1-3 h, and in the embodiment provided by the utility model, the drying time is specifically 2 h; in the bookRepeating the steps of dipping and drying until the preset loading capacity is reached; the sintering temperature is preferably 300-550 ℃; the sintering time is preferably 3-5 min; the heating rate of sintering is preferably 5-15 ℃/min, and more preferably 8-12 ℃/min.
And domesticating the cathode electrode in an electrolyte solution containing an electrogenic flora and a carbon source by electrode polarity inversion under the condition of external voltage to obtain the biological cathode. The applied voltage is preferably 0.3-0.5V, and more preferably 0.4V; the electrogenesis flora is derived from one or more of anaerobic sludge of a sewage treatment plant cultured by uranium-containing wastewater, effluent of a microbial fuel cell and a microbial electrolytic cell, and is specifically anaerobic sludge of the sewage treatment plant cultured by the uranium-containing wastewater in the embodiment provided by the utility model; the adding amount of the anaerobic sludge and the volume of the electrolyte solution are preferably 1: (2-5), more preferably 1: 3; the carbon source is preferably one or more of glucose, sodium acetate, starch and protein, and is specifically sodium acetate in the embodiment provided by the utility model; the adding amount of the carbon source is preferably selected to ensure that the concentration of the carbon source in the electrolyte is 1-1.5 g/L, and more preferably 1.28 g/L; the microbial fuel cell MFC catholyte solution during said start-up is preferably a potassium ferricyanide solution; the concentration of the potassium ferricyanide solution is preferably 5/40 (namely 0.125) mmol/L; before acclimation, preferably introducing protective gas to remove oxygen contained in the electrolyte solution, and keeping operating in an anaerobic environment; the protective gas is preferably at least one of nitrogen, argon and helium with a purity of no less than 99.999%, and is specifically nitrogen in the embodiment provided by the utility model. According to the utility model, microbial nutrient elements are preferably added into the electrolyte solution to provide mineral substances and nutrient elements required by the growth of microorganisms; the microbial nutrient element is preferably CaCl2、MgSO4、NaCl、MnSO4、AlCl3、Na2MoO4·2H2O、H3BO3And ZnCl2One or more of; the domestication is realized by monitoring the voltage value of the fixed resistor in real time by using a data acquisition unit, and replacing 70-80 percent when the voltage value of one period is reduced to about 0.1VWhen the reactor stably and continuously produces the maximum voltage of more than 0.5V for 3 continuous periods in the feeding circulation, and simultaneously the COD removal rate in the reactor in each period reaches more than 90 percent, the success of the film formation of the electrode slice is shown; the bacteria source is preferably added in an amount such that the volume ratio of the bacteria source to the electrolyte is maintained at 1: (2-5), more preferably 1: 3.
the bioanode is preferably prepared according to the following steps: domesticating an anode current collector in an electrolyte solution containing an electrogenic flora and a carbon source to obtain a biological anode; the anode current collector is preferably a carbon material, and more preferably a carbon cloth; preferably, the anode current collector is subjected to high-temperature ammonia treatment and then domestication; the temperature of the high-temperature ammonia gas treatment is preferably 600-900 ℃, more preferably 700 ℃, and the time is preferably 0.5-2 h, more preferably 1 h; the anode current collector is preferably acclimated in a two-compartment microbial fuel cell; the electrogenesis flora is derived from one or more of anaerobic sludge of a sewage treatment plant cultured by uranium-containing wastewater, effluent of a microbial fuel cell and a microbial electrolytic cell, and is specifically anaerobic sludge of the sewage treatment plant cultured by the uranium-containing wastewater in the embodiment provided by the utility model; the volume ratio of the anaerobic sludge addition amount to the electrolyte solution is preferably 1: (2-5), more preferably 1: 3; the anode electrolyte solution in the double-chamber microbial fuel cell preferably comprises a carbon source, nutrient salts, trace elements and a phosphate buffer solution; the carbon source is preferably one or more of glucose, sodium acetate, starch and protein, and is specifically sodium acetate in the embodiment provided by the utility model; the adding amount of the carbon source is preferably selected to ensure that the concentration of the carbon source in the electrolyte is 1-1.5 g/L, and more preferably 1.28 g/L; the catholyte solution is preferably one or more of a potassium ferricyanide solution, a phosphate solution and a borate solution; specifically, a phosphate buffer solution or a potassium ferricyanide solution is selected; the concentration of the potassium ferricyanide solution is preferably 5/40 (namely 0.125) mmol/L; before acclimation, preferably introducing protective gas to remove oxygen contained in the electrolyte solution, and keeping operating in an anaerobic environment; the protective gas is preferably at least one of nitrogen, argon and helium with the purity of no less than 99.999 percentThe embodiment that the utility model provided specifically is nitrogen gas. According to the utility model, trace elements are added into the electrolyte solution as microorganism nutrient elements to provide mineral substances and nutrient elements required by the growth of microorganisms; the microbial nutrient element is preferably CaCl2、MgSO4、NaCl、MnSO4、AlCl3、Na2MoO4·2H2O、H3BO3And ZnCl2One or more of; according to the present invention, the nutrient salts in the electrolyte solution preferably include ammonium chloride and potassium chloride; the concentration of the nutrient salt in the electrolyte solution is preferably 0.3-0.8 g/L, more preferably 0.4-0.5 g/L, and further preferably comprises 0.31g/L of ammonium chloride and 0.13g/L of potassium chloride; the domestication specifically comprises the steps of monitoring the voltage value of a fixed resistor in real time by using a data acquisition unit, replacing 70-80% of electrolyte solution when the voltage value of one period is reduced to about 0.1V, simultaneously adding a proper bacteria source (keeping the content of the bacteria source constant), stably and continuously producing the maximum voltage of more than 0.5V for 3 continuous periods in a feeding cycle of a reactor, and simultaneously enabling the COD removal rate in the reactor to reach more than 90% in each period, thereby indicating that the film formation of an electrode plate is successful.
Adding electrolyte solution and uranium-containing wastewater into an electrolytic cell for microbial electrochemical reduction; the electrolyte solution is preferably one or more of potassium ferricyanide solution, phosphate solution and borate solution; the specific selection is potassium ferricyanide solution or phosphate buffer solution; the concentration of the potassium ferricyanide solution is preferably 5/40 (namely 0.125) mmol/L; the concentration of hexavalent uranium ions in the uranium-containing wastewater is preferably more than or equal to 0.5mg/L, and more preferably more than or equal to 5 mg/ml; in the embodiment provided by the utility model, the concentration of hexavalent uranium ions in the uranium-containing wastewater is specifically 5mg/ml or 10 mg/L; the preferable pH value of electrolyte solution and uranium-containing waste water is 4 ~ 8 in the electrolytic cell during microbial electrochemical reduction, in the embodiment that the utility model provides an, the pH value of electrolyte solution and uranium-containing waste water specifically is 7; in the utility model, anaerobic sludge cultured by uranium-containing wastewater is preferably added into the electrolytic tank; the volume ratio of the anaerobic sludge addition amount to the electrolyte is preferably 1: (2-5), more preferably 1: 3; the voltage of the microbial electrochemical reduction is preferably 0.4-1.6V, more preferably 0.6-1.4V, and in the embodiment provided by the utility model, the voltage of the microbial electrochemical reduction is specifically 0.8V or 1V; the time for the electrochemical reduction of the microorganisms is preferably 40-120 h.
In the utility model, the fixed stable period measured in the microbial electrochemical reduction process is preferably reacted by the condition of system current increase, specifically, the voltage value of the series fixed resistor 10 omega in the circuit is preferably calculated; more preferably, real-time voltage data is recorded every 30min interval, and the voltage of the fixed external resistance is measured for calculating the current of the system. And after the operation period is finished, measuring the electrochemical index, which comprises the following steps: cathode output voltage, cathode current density, CV curve.
And after the microbial electrolysis reaction is operated for hours, disconnecting the external circuit, preferably collecting the tetravalent uranium precipitate deposited at the bottom of the MEC reactor and on the cathode, and putting the precipitate into dilute nitric acid for oxidation recovery, namely completing the process of recovering uranium by the MEC.
The utility model discloses utilize microbial electrolysis cell to handle the uranium-bearing waste water of low concentration based on the principle that the dissolved hexavalent uranium ion of water environment gets the electron and can reduce into the tetravalent uranium ion of precipitation attitude, can reduce the hexavalent uranium ion of lower concentration through plus less voltage, power consumption is low, and pH value application scope is wide simultaneously; the biological cathode is established, so that the treatment process of the uranium-containing wastewater is accelerated, the treatment efficiency of the uranium-containing wastewater is improved, and the operation cost is further reduced; moreover, the microbial electrolysis cell can also generate a large amount of hydrogen while treating the uranium-containing wastewater.
Contain uranium waste water composition complicacy among the actual conditions, wherein not only contain radioactive element such as uranium, still contain other heavy metal ion and ammonia nitrogen, index such as COD are too high scheduling problem, the utility model discloses a microbial electrolysis technique not only can get the electron and be reduced to generate the sediment and get rid of through the different impressed voltage of control in the different periods of negative pole with uranium in the waste water and other heavy metals to COD in the uranium waste water, ammonia nitrogen then can regard as the carbon source and the nutritive material of microorganism and are consumed and get rid of, consequently the utility model provides a microbial electrolysis pond technical treatment scope is very extensive.
Further, the utility model discloses inject into the anaerobism mud of process uranium-bearing waste water culture domestication in uranium-bearing waste water treatment process, it contains many anaerobes, can the oxidative degradation organic matter produce a large amount of electrons, transmit for the positive pole through microorganism extracellular electron carrier, then transmit the negative pole surface through outer circuit under the effect of the potential difference that outer voltage provided, for hexavalent uranium ion in the negative pole region, other impurity metal ions provide the electron acceptor, thereby the hexavalent uranium ion of dissolved state and other impurity metal ions accept the electron and reduce into the purpose that the state of precipitation reached to get rid of.
In order to further explain the utility model, the following detailed description will be made on the microorganism electrolytic cell and the uranium-bearing wastewater treatment method provided by the utility model in combination with the examples.
The reagents used in the following examples are all commercially available.
Example 1
The nano Ni-Cu/CeO2The catalytic electrode is prepared by a dipping sintering method, wherein the molar ratio of Ni/Ce/Cu is 7: 2: 1. using a surface area of 9cm2The stainless steel mesh or the foamed nickel is used as a cathode current collector, the cathode current collector is placed in a solution formed by weighing 4.07106g of nickel nitrate hexahydrate, 1.6964g of cerium nitrate and 0.59112g of copper nitrate hexahydrate, dissolving and mixing the materials in a proper amount of deionized water, and the solution is sequentially soaked, dried and sintered to obtain the cathode electrode.
Wherein the dipping and drying times are 15 times; the dipping amount is only needed to cover the electrode plate; the Ni (NO)3)2·6H2O、Cu(NO3)2·6H2O and Ce (NO)3)·6H2The amount of O was controlled to 5 wt% Cu, 20 wt% Ni and 2 wt% Ce.
The drying temperature is 110 ℃, and the drying time is 2 hours;
the sintering temperature is 450 ℃; the heating rate is 10 ℃/min; the sintering time was 5 min.
Example 2: electrode acclimation
The area is 9cm2The carbon cloth and the cathode electrode prepared in example 1 were placed in a stably operating two-compartment microbial fuel cell, anaerobic sludge was used as an inoculum (the ratio of the amount added to the volume of the anolyte was 1:3), sodium acetate was used as a carbon source (the mass concentration was 1.28g/L), and an electrolyte solution (1.28g/L sodium acetate, 0.31g/L NH) was added to the anode compartment of the microbial fuel cell4Cl、0.13g/L KCl、5.54g/L NaH2PO4·2H2O、23.1g/L Na2HPO4·12H2O and 20mg/L of trace elements are added, and the formula of the trace elements is 0.01g/L of CaCl2、1.2g/L MgSO4、2×10-3g/L NaCl、7.6×10-4g/L MnSO4、5×10-4g/L AlCl3、3×10-3g/L Na2MoO4·2H2O、1×10-3g/L H3BO3And 1X 10- 3g/L ZnCl2) 5/40mmol/L potassium ferricyanide solution was added to the cathode chamber. And simultaneously, the voltage value of the resistor is monitored in real time by using a data acquisition unit. When the voltage value of one period is reduced to about 0.1V, 80% of electrolyte in the reactor and sludge with yellowing phenomenon at the upper layer are replaced, and meanwhile, a proper bacteria source is supplemented (the ratio of the sludge amount to the electrolyte is always kept to be 1: 3). When the reactor stably and continuously generates the maximum voltage of more than 0.5V in 3 continuous periods in the feeding circulation, and simultaneously the COD removal rate in the reactor in each period reaches more than 90 percent, the carbon cloth film forming is successful, and the biological anode is obtained. And respectively transferring the carbon cloth and the cathode electrode which are successfully filmed to the anode and the cathode of the MEC to serve as the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the MEC, and introducing nitrogen to remove oxygen in the reactor before adding the solution. Then sequentially adding 1.28g/L of sodium acetate and trace elements (0.01g/L of CaCl)2、1.2g/L MgSO4、2×10-3g/L NaCl、7.6×10-4g/L MnSO4、5×10-4g/L AlCl3、3×10-3g/L Na2MoO4·2H2O、1×10- 3g/L H3BO3And 1X 10-3g/L ZnCl2)，5.54g/L NaH2PO4·2H2O、23.1g/L Na2HPO4·12H2O, 5mg/L uranium-containing wastewater, and carrying out cathode biofilm formation by electrode polarity inversion under the condition of applying 0.8V voltage. The successful film formation mark is the same as that of the anode of the microbial fuel cell.
Example 3: treatment of low-concentration uranium-containing wastewater by double-chamber MECs
The anode chamber and the cathode chamber of the double-chamber MECs are both 100mL, namely the total volume of the MECs is 200 mL. The anode and the cathode are separated by a diaphragm to form two chambers, and the diaphragm is a proton exchange membrane. Wherein the anode electrode is the biological anode obtained by domestication in the example 2, and the cathode electrode is the nano Ni-Cu/CeO loaded electrode prepared in the example 1 after domestication2Stainless steel mesh. The water inlet of the anode is injected with a solution containing 0.31g/LNH4Cl, 0.13g/L KCl nutritive salt and 5.54g/L NaH2PO4·2H2O、23.1g/L Na2HPO4·12H2Phosphate buffer solution of O and 20mg/L of trace elements (the formula of the trace elements is 0.01g/L of CaCl)2、1.2g/L MgSO4、2×10-3g/L NaCl、7.6×10-4g/L MnSO4、5×10-4g/L AlCl3、3×10-3g/L Na2MoO4·2H2O、1×10-3g/L H3BO3And 1X 10-3g/L ZnCl2) 0.64g/L sodium acetate solution, and finally keeping the volume ratio of the added anaerobic sludge to the anolyte at 1:3), the initial COD concentration of the anode chamber is 500mg/L, and the pH is about 7.0. Sludge cultured by uranium-containing wastewater (the volume ratio of the added amount to the catholyte is 1:3) contains 0.31g/LNH4Cl, 0.13g/L KCl nutrient salt and 20mg/L trace elements (the formula of the trace elements is 0.01g/L CaCl)2、1.2g/L MgSO4、2×10-3g/L NaCl、7.6×10-4g/L MnSO4、5×10-4g/L AlCl3、3×10-3g/L Na2MoO4·2H2O、1×10-3g/L H3BO3And 1X 10-3g/L ZnCl2) 0.68g/L sodium acetate solution, phosphate buffer solution (5.54g/L NaH)2PO4·2H2O、23.1g/L Na2HPO4·12H2O) and 10.0mL of uranium containing wastewater at a concentration of 1g/L (U (vi) added at a concentration of about 10.0mg/L), at a pH of about 7.0, were added to the cathode chamber of MECs after start-up and the cathode chamber was purged with high purity nitrogen to drive off dissolved oxygen from the cathode chamber solution. The anode microorganisms oxidize the organic matter in the anode compartment and release electrons and protons, wherein the electrons are transferred to the cathode compartment through an external circuit under the action of a potential difference provided by an external voltage, and the protons reach the cathode compartment through the ion exchange membrane. The microorganism attached to the cathode acts as a catalyst to accelerate hexavalent uranium ions to obtain uranium with electrons reduced into a tetravalent precipitate state. And connecting the cathode and the anode through a titanium wire, connecting an external circuit, keeping the applied voltage at 0.8V and the external resistance at 10 omega, and carrying out microbial electroreduction at normal temperature and normal pressure for 48 hours to obtain the uranium precipitate by enriching on the surface of the cathode electrode. After the microorganism is electrochemically reduced for 120 hours, the uranium concentration in the water body is reduced to 0.40mg/L, and the uranium removal efficiency reaches 96%. The residual COD in the reactor is 60mg/L, and the removal rate of the COD is 88 percent.
Example 4: treatment of low-concentration uranium-containing wastewater by double-chamber MECs
The anode chamber and the cathode chamber of the double-chamber MECs are both 100mL, namely the total volume of the MEC is 200 mL. The anode and cathode are separated by a membrane, which may be a proton exchange membrane, forming two chambers. Wherein the anode electrode is the biological anode obtained by domestication in the example 2, and the cathode electrode is the nano Ni-Cu/CeO loaded electrode prepared in the example 1 after domestication2The titanium foam electrode of (1). The water inlet of the anode is injected with a solution containing 0.31g/LNH4Cl, 0.13g/LKCl nutrient salt, 5.54g/L NaH2PO4·2H2O、23.1g/L Na2HPO4·12H2Phosphate buffer solution of O and 20mg/L of trace elements (the formula of the trace elements is 0.01g/L of CaCl)2、1.2g/L MgSO4、2×10-3g/L NaCl、7.6×10-4g/L MnSO4、5×10-4g/L AlCl3、3×10-3g/L Na2MoO4·2H2O、1×10-3g/L H3BO3And 1X 10-3g/L ZnCl2) 0.64g/L sodium acetate solutionAnd anaerobic sludge (the volume ratio of the added amount to the catholyte is 1:3) domesticated by culturing the uranium-containing wastewater, the initial COD concentration of the anode chamber is 500mg/L, and the pH is about 7.0. Sludge cultured by uranium-containing wastewater (the volume ratio of the added amount to the catholyte is 1:3) contains 0.31g/LNH4Cl, 0.13g/L KCl nutrient salt and 20mg/L trace elements (the formula of the trace elements is 0.01g/L CaCl)2、1.2g/L MgSO4、2×10-3g/L NaCl、7.6×10-4g/L MnSO4、5×10-4g/L AlCl3、3×10-3g/L Na2MoO4·2H2O、1×10-3g/L H3BO3And 1X 10-3g/L ZnCl2)0.68g/L sodium acetate, phosphate buffer solution (5.54g/L NaH)2PO4·2H2O、23.1g/L Na2HPO4·12H2O) and 10.0mL of 1g/L uranium containing wastewater (U (vi) concentration about 10.0mg/L), pH about 7.0, were added to the MEC cathode chamber after start-up and the cathode chamber was purged with high purity nitrogen to drive off dissolved oxygen from the cathode chamber solution. Microorganisms are attached to the surface of the anode, oxidize organic matters in the anode chamber and release electrons and protons, wherein the electrons are transferred to the cathode chamber through an external circuit under the action of a potential difference provided by an external voltage, and the protons reach the cathode chamber through the ion exchange membrane. The microorganism attached to the cathode acts as a catalyst to accelerate hexavalent uranium ions to obtain uranium with electrons reduced into a tetravalent precipitate state. And connecting the cathode and the anode through a titanium wire, connecting an external circuit, keeping the applied voltage at 0.8V and the external resistance at 10 omega, and carrying out microbial electroreduction at normal temperature and normal pressure for 48 hours to obtain the uranium precipitate by enriching on the surface of the cathode electrode. After the microorganism is electrochemically reduced for 120 hours, the uranium concentration in the water body is reduced to 0.18mg/L, and the uranium removal efficiency reaches 98.2%. The residual COD in the reactor was 47mg/L, and the removal rate of COD was 90.6%.
Example 5: single-chamber MEC (Membrane enhanced multi-reactor) for treating low-concentration uranium-containing wastewater
The volume of the single-chamber MEC is 200 mL. Wherein the anode electrode is the carbon cloth acclimatized in the embodiment 2, and the cathode electrode is the nano Ni-Cu/CeO loaded after the acclimatization in the embodiment 22OfA steel mesh electrode. The anode and cathode are fixed to complete the assembly of the MEC. Anaerobic sludge cultured by uranium-containing wastewater is used as an inoculum (the volume ratio of the added amount to the electrolyte of the whole electrolytic cell is 1:3), sodium acetate is used as a carbon source (the added amount is 0.64g/L), and 0.31g/LNH is added4Cl, 0.13g/LKCl nutrient salt and 20mg/L mineral elements (element ratio: 0.01g/L CaCl)2、1.2g/L MgSO4、2×10-3g/L NaCl、7.6×10-4g/L MnSO4、5×10-4g/L AlCl3、3×10-3g/L Na2MoO4·2H2O、1×10-3g/L H3BO3And 1X 10-3g/L ZnCl2) And phosphate buffer (5.54g/L NaH)2PO4·2H2O、23.1g/L Na2HPO4·12H2O), forming a microbial electrolyte solution, wherein the initial COD concentration is 500 mg/L; injecting a microbial electrolyte solution into the MEC, wherein high-purity nitrogen is introduced into the electrolyte solution to exhaust dissolved oxygen in the electrolyte solution; after the MEC is started, uranium-containing wastewater (the concentration of U (VI) is about 5.0mg/L) is injected into the MEC, the pH value in the MEC reactor is adjusted to 7.0, an external circuit is connected, the applied voltage is kept to be 1.0V, the external resistance is 10 omega, and after microbial electro-reduction is carried out for 48 hours at normal temperature and normal pressure, tetravalent uranium precipitate is enriched on the surface of the cathode electrode. After the microorganism is electrochemically reduced for 120 hours, the uranium concentration in the water body is reduced to 0.1mg/L, and the uranium removal efficiency reaches 98%.
Example 6: single-chamber MEC (Membrane enhanced multi-reactor) for treating low-concentration uranium-containing wastewater
The volume of the single-chamber MEC is 200 mL. Wherein the anode electrode is the carbon cloth acclimatized in the embodiment 2, and the cathode electrode is the nano Ni-Cu/CeO loaded after the acclimatization in the embodiment 22The titanium foam electrode of (1). The anode and cathode are fixed to complete the assembly of the MEC. Anaerobic sludge cultured by uranium-containing wastewater is used as an inoculum (the volume ratio of the added amount to the electrolyte of the whole electrolytic cell is 1:3), sodium acetate is used as a carbon source (the added amount is 0.64g/L), and 0.31g/LNH is added4Cl, 0.13g/LKCl nutrient salt and 20mg/L mineral elements (the element ratio is 0.01g/L CaCl)2、1.2g/L MgSO4、2×10-3g/L NaCl、7.6×10-4g/L MnSO4、5×10-4g/L AlCl3、3×10-3g/L Na2MoO4·2H2O、1×10-3g/L H3BO3And 1X 10-3g/L ZnCl2) And phosphate buffer (5.54g/L NaH)2PO4·2H2O、23.1g/L Na2HPO4·12H2O), forming a microbial electrolyte solution, wherein the initial COD concentration is 500 mg/L; injecting a microbial electrolyte solution into the MEC, wherein high-purity nitrogen is introduced into the electrolyte solution to exhaust dissolved oxygen in the electrolyte solution; after the MEC is started, uranium-containing wastewater (the concentration of U (VI) is about 5.0mg/L) is injected into the MEC, the pH value in the MEC reactor is adjusted to 7.0, an external circuit is connected, the applied voltage is kept to be 1.0V, the external resistance is 10 omega, and after microbial electro-reduction is carried out for 48 hours at normal temperature and normal pressure, tetravalent uranium precipitate is enriched on the surface of the cathode electrode. After the microorganism is electrochemically reduced for 120 hours, the uranium concentration in the water body is reduced to 0.01mg/L, and the uranium removal efficiency reaches 98%.
Comparative example 1: double-chamber MEC for treating low-concentration uranium-bearing wastewater (cathode is common stainless steel/foam titanium electrode)
The anode chamber and the cathode chamber of the double-chamber MECs are both 100mL, namely the total volume of the MECs is 200 mL. The anode and the cathode are separated by a diaphragm to form two chambers, and the diaphragm is a proton exchange membrane. Wherein the anode electrode is carbon cloth acclimatized according to the method of the embodiment 2, and the cathode electrode is stainless steel net acclimatized according to the method of the embodiment 2. The process for treating uranium-containing wastewater is the same as in example 3. Compared with the former, the method adopts the method of not loading nano Ni-Cu/CeO2The MEC cathode of the stainless steel mesh electrode has long starting period and low system voltage, the MEC starting period is about 5 weeks, and the system voltage is maintained at about 0.1V; and the MEC starting period of the loaded catalytic electrode is 3 weeks, and the system voltage can reach about 0.5V. Finally, at a uranium concentration of 10mg/L, at the end of a cycle, the residual uranium content of the reactor was 4.3mg/L, with a removal efficiency of 57%. The residual COD in the reactor was 130mg/L, and the COD removal rate was 74%.
Comparative example 2: single chamber MEC for treating low concentration uranium-bearing waste water (cathode is common stainless steel/foam titanium electrode)
The volume of the single-chamber MEC is 200 mL. Wherein the carbon cloth acclimatized according to the method of example 2 and the cathode electrode are common stainless steel mesh electrodes acclimatized according to the method of example 2. The anode and cathode are fixed to complete the assembly of the MEC. The process for treating the uranium-containing wastewater is the same as that in example 5. Compared with the former, the method adopts the method of not loading nano Ni-Cu/CeO2The MEC cathode of the stainless steel mesh electrode has long starting period and low system voltage, the MEC starting period is about 5 weeks, and the system voltage is maintained at about 0.1V; and the MEC starting period of the loaded catalytic electrode is 3 weeks, and the system voltage can reach about 0.5V. Finally, at a uranium concentration of 10mg/L, at the end of a cycle, the residual uranium content of the reactor was 4.8mg/L, with a removal efficiency of 52%. The residual COD in the reactor was 150mg/L, and the COD removal rate was 70%.
Comparative example 3
If the metal loading proportion is changed, for example, the proportion of Ce is increased to 8 wt%, the proportion of Cu is increased to 15 wt%, and the proportion of Ni is increased to 40 wt%. Compared with common stainless steel/foam titanium electrode, the nano Ni-Cu/CeO with the proportion2The catalytic electrode has no benefit on the MEC reactor in treating the uranium-containing wastewater. The treatment efficiency of uranium-containing wastewater treated by a single-chamber common electrode MEC is 52%, while the removal efficiency of the single-chamber MEC is only 43%. Supposing that the activity of microorganisms is inhibited due to the high dosage of Ce, and the long-term stability and the high efficiency of the MEC system are influenced. Too high Ni content also affects the stability and catalytic activity of the electrode.

Claims (9)

1. A microbial electrolysis cell, comprising:
an electrolytic cell; electrolyte solution and uranium-containing wastewater are arranged in the electrolytic cell;
the biological anode and the biological cathode are arranged in the electrolytic cell; the biological anode comprises an anode current collector and a microbial film arranged on the surface of the anode current collector; the biological cathode comprises a cathode current collector and Ni-Cu/CeO arranged on the surface of the cathode current collector2Catalyst layer and catalyst layer arranged in Ni-Cu/CeO2A microbial film on the surface of the catalytic layer;
an external circuit connecting the bioanode to the biocathode.
2. The microbial electrolysis cell according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the area of the anode current collector to the volume of the cell is 5-15 cm2：150～250mL。
3. The microbial electrolysis cell according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the area of the cathode current collector to the volume of the cell is 5-15 cm2：150～250mL。
4. The microbial electrolysis cell of claim 1, wherein the external circuit comprises a power source and a fixed resistance.
5. The microbial electrolysis cell of claim 4, wherein the fixed resistor is connected in series between the positive pole of the power supply and the bioanode.
6. The microbial electrolysis cell of claim 4, wherein the fixed resistance has a resistance value of 10 Ω.
7. The microbial electrolysis cell of claim 4, further comprising a data collector; and the data acquisition unit is connected with two ends of the fixed resistor.
8. The microbial electrolysis cell of claim 1, further comprising a reference electrode; the reference electrode is disposed in the cathode region of the electrolytic cell.
9. The microbial electrolysis cell of claim 1, wherein the biocathode is Ni-Cu/CeO2The mass ratio of Ni, Cu and Ce in the catalyst layer is (15-25): (3-6): (1-3).
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113880234A (en) * 2021-10-14 2022-01-04 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 Method for continuously and efficiently removing and recycling uranium in water by using microbial electrolysis cell

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113880234A (en) * 2021-10-14 2022-01-04 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 Method for continuously and efficiently removing and recycling uranium in water by using microbial electrolysis cell
CN113880234B (en) * 2021-10-14 2023-10-20 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 Microbial electrolysis method for continuously and efficiently removing and recycling uranium in water

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