CN214984841U - Charging protection system for vehicle - Google Patents

Charging protection system for vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN214984841U
CN214984841U CN202121241695.4U CN202121241695U CN214984841U CN 214984841 U CN214984841 U CN 214984841U CN 202121241695 U CN202121241695 U CN 202121241695U CN 214984841 U CN214984841 U CN 214984841U
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China
Prior art keywords
voltage
electronic switch
charging
control circuit
feedback circuit
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CN202121241695.4U
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Chinese (zh)
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纪顺得
许敏泽
邓信良
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Kwang Yang Motor Co Ltd
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Kwang Yang Motor Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A charging protection system of a vehicle comprises a high-voltage battery, a direct-current converter, a vehicle control unit and a low-voltage battery, wherein the high-voltage battery provides a charging power supply; the direct current converter is electrically connected with the high-voltage battery and used for reducing the voltage of the charging power supply; the vehicle control unit is electrically connected with the direct current converter and comprises a charging control loop; the low-voltage battery is electrically connected with the charging control loop of the vehicle control unit; the charging power supply after voltage reduction charges the low-voltage battery through the charging control loop.

Description

Charging protection system for vehicle
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The utility model relates to a charging protection system, in particular to a charging protection system of a vehicle, which is used for improving the safety of the vehicle in charging a battery,
[ background of the invention ]
Referring to fig. 3, taking a conventional electric motorcycle as an example, the electric motorcycle includes a high voltage battery 50, a first dc converter 60 and a vehicle controller 70, an input end of the first dc converter 60 is electrically connected to the high voltage battery 50, an output end of the first dc converter 60 is electrically connected to a low voltage load 80 of the electric motorcycle, and an input end of the vehicle controller 70 is directly electrically connected to the high voltage battery 50. In the known electric motorcycle, the first dc converter 60 steps down the output voltage of the high voltage battery 50, and the voltage value of the high voltage battery 50 is reduced for various low voltage loads 80 in the electric motorcycle.
With the rise of environmental awareness, electric motorcycles replacing traditional fuel vehicles have become the main research and development directions of many manufacturers, in order to improve the performance and efficacy of electric motorcycles, more and more electronic accessories are equipped for electric motorcycles, and electronic accessories such as a Keyless start system (keyles) or a wireless communication module need to be kept in standby when the electric motorcycles are not started, so that a driver can start the electric motorcycles by the Keyless start system at any time, or search for a parking position of the electric motorcycles by connecting a wireless communication module of the electric motorcycles, therefore, a low-voltage battery 90 needs to be arranged to continuously supply power to a low-voltage load 80 such as a Keyless start system (keyles) or a wireless communication module when the electric motorcycles are not started, a second dc converter 71 is arranged in the vehicle controller 70, and the second dc converter 71 reduces the voltage of a high-voltage power supply provided by the high-voltage battery 50, the voltage value of the high-voltage battery 50 is lowered and the low-voltage battery 90 is charged.
However, when the second dc converter 71 is disposed in the vehicle controller 70, part of the electric energy is released in the form of heat energy when the second dc converter 71 steps down the input power, which may cause the vehicle controller 70 to overheat, and affect the control performance of the vehicle controller 70 on the electric motorcycle, and the current of the high-voltage power provided by the high-voltage battery 50 may still be too large after the high-voltage power is stepped down by the second dc converter 71, which may cause damage to the low-voltage battery 90 when charging the low-voltage battery 90.
[ Utility model ] content
The utility model provides a charge protection system of vehicle provides charge protection for the low voltage battery of vehicle, prevents vehicle control unit because of being provided with the overheated problem that direct current converter caused, promotes the security of vehicle on battery charging.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a charge protection system of vehicle includes:
a high voltage battery for providing a charging power;
the direct current converter is electrically connected with the high-voltage battery and used for reducing the voltage of the charging power supply;
the vehicle control unit is electrically connected with the direct current converter and comprises a charging control loop;
the low-voltage battery is electrically connected with the charging control loop of the whole vehicle controller;
the charging power supply after voltage reduction charges the low-voltage battery through the charging control loop.
The utility model has the advantages that: the direct current converter is used for reducing the voltage of the output power supply of the high-voltage battery, the direct current converter is connected between the high-voltage battery and the vehicle control unit, the vehicle control unit is not directly connected with the high-voltage battery, the direct current converter operates outside the vehicle control unit, and heat energy generated when the direct current converter reduces the voltage cannot directly influence the vehicle control unit, so that the problem that the vehicle control unit is overheated due to the fact that the direct current converter of the known vehicle is arranged in the vehicle control unit is solved.
[ description of the drawings ]
Fig. 1 is a circuit block diagram of a charge protection system for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is another circuit block diagram of a charge protection system of a vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a power supply mode of a known electric motorcycle.
[ notation ] to show
10. 50: high voltage battery
20: DC converter
30. 70: vehicle control unit
31: first voltage feedback circuit
311. 312, 341, 342, 353, 354, 355, 356, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366: resistance (RC)
Q1: first electronic switch
Q2: second electronic switch
34: second voltage feedback circuit
35: current feedback circuit
351: current sensor
352: amplifier with a high-frequency amplifier
36: control circuit
367: zener diode
368: bipolar transistor
369: micro-controller
37: overcurrent protection element
40. 90: low-voltage battery
60: first DC converter
71: second DC converter
80: low-voltage load
[ detailed description ] embodiments
Referring to fig. 1, a charging protection system for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a high voltage battery 10, a dc converter 20, a vehicle control unit 30 and a low voltage battery 40, where the high voltage battery 10 can be a power battery inside the vehicle to supply power to a motor and various loads of the vehicle, and in this embodiment, the vehicle is an electric motorcycle, and in an embodiment, the high voltage battery 10 can be a 100V lithium battery.
A power input end of the dc converter 20 is connected to a power output end of the high voltage battery 10, the high voltage battery 10 can directly supply power to a motor controller of the vehicle to operate a motor of the vehicle, the working voltage of a part of low voltage load components of the vehicle is low, through the arrangement of the dc converter 20, the dc converter 20 steps down a charging power provided by the high voltage battery 10, and then supplies power to various low voltage loads of the vehicle, in an embodiment, the dc converter 20 can step down the charging power of the high voltage battery 10 from 100V to 14.5V and output the power.
A power input terminal of the vehicle controller 30 is connected to a power output terminal of the dc converter 20, and the vehicle controller 30 includes a charging control loop, which includes a first voltage feedback circuit 31, a first electronic switch Q1, a second electronic switch Q2, a second voltage feedback circuit 34, a current feedback circuit 35, a control circuit 36, and an overcurrent protection device 37.
A power input terminal of the first voltage feedback circuit 31 is connected to the power output terminal of the dc converter 20; the first electronic switch Q1 comprises a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal of the first electronic switch Q1 is connected to the power output terminal of the dc converter 20 and the power input terminal of the first voltage feedback circuit 31; the second electronic switch Q2 comprises a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal of the second electronic switch Q2 is connected to the second terminal of the first electronic switch Q1; a power input terminal of the second voltage feedback circuit 34 is connected to the second terminal of the second electronic switch Q2; the current feedback circuit 35 has a power input terminal, a power output terminal and a control terminal, the power input terminal of the current feedback circuit 35 is connected to the second terminal of the second electronic switch Q2 and the power input terminal of the second voltage feedback circuit 34; the control circuit 36 is respectively connected to a power output terminal of the first voltage feedback circuit 31, the control terminal of the first electronic switch Q1, the control terminal of the second electronic switch Q2, a power output terminal of the second voltage feedback circuit 34, and the control terminal of the current feedback circuit 35; the overcurrent protection device 37 is connected between the power output terminal of the current feedback circuit 35 and a power input terminal of the low-voltage battery 40, wherein the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2 can be metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs), the first terminal of the first electronic switch Q1 is the drain terminal of the MOSFET, the second terminal is the source terminal of the MOSFET, the control terminal is the gate terminal of the MOSFET, the first terminal of the second electronic switch Q2 is the source terminal of the MOSFET, the second terminal is the drain terminal of the MOSFET, the control terminal is the gate terminal of the MOSFET, the control circuit 36 controls the open or close of the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2 by outputting the voltages of the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2, the over-current protection device 37 may be a fuse or other protection device.
The low-voltage battery 40 is connected to a power output end of the charging control circuit of the vehicle control unit 30, the low-voltage battery 40 can be a storage battery in the vehicle, and continuously provides power to various loads of the vehicle when the vehicle is not started, and in one embodiment, the low-voltage battery 40 can be a 13.8V lead-acid battery or a lithium battery.
In the charging control loop, the control circuit 36 senses a charging voltage value output by the dc converter 20 through the first voltage feedback circuit 31 and senses a current battery voltage value of the low-voltage battery 40 through the second voltage feedback circuit 34, when the control circuit 36 determines that the charging voltage value of the dc converter 20 is higher than a preset charging voltage threshold value, which represents that the charging voltage value of the dc converter 20 is too high, the control circuit 36 controls the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2 to be simultaneously turned off, so that an off circuit is formed between the dc converter 20 and the low-voltage battery 40, thereby preventing the low-voltage battery 40 from being damaged by the too high charging voltage and affecting the life of the low-voltage battery 40, and when the control circuit 36 determines that the charging voltage value of the dc converter 20 is not higher than the charging voltage threshold value, when the charging voltage of the dc converter 20 is within a normal range, the control circuit 36 controls the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2 to be turned on simultaneously, so that the charging power provided by the high-voltage battery 10 can be reduced by the dc converter 20 to charge the low-voltage battery 40.
When the control circuit 36 determines that the battery voltage of the low-voltage battery 40 is higher than a preset battery voltage threshold, it represents that the low-voltage battery 40 has sufficient electric quantity and does not need to be charged, the control circuit 36 controls the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2 to be simultaneously turned off, so that an off circuit is formed between the dc converter 20 and the low-voltage battery 40, and when the control circuit 36 determines that the battery voltage of the low-voltage battery 40 is not higher than the battery voltage threshold, it represents that the low-voltage battery 40 has insufficient electric quantity and needs to be charged, the control circuit 36 controls the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2 to be simultaneously turned on, so that the charging power provided by the high-voltage battery 10 can be stepped down by the dc converter 20 and then charge the low-voltage battery 40.
On the other hand, the control circuit 36 can sense a charging current value of the high-voltage battery 10 after being stepped down by the dc converter 20 and charging the low-voltage battery 40 through the current feedback circuit 35, when the charging current value for charging the low-voltage battery 40 is higher than a predetermined charging current threshold, it means that the charging current value is too large, which is likely to cause damage to the low-voltage battery 40, the control circuit 36 controls the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2 to be turned off simultaneously, so that the dc converter 20 and the low-voltage battery 40 are turned off, when the charging current value for charging the low-voltage battery 40 is not higher than a charging current threshold, it represents that the charging current value is within a normal range, the control circuit 36 controls the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2 to be turned on simultaneously, so that the charging power provided by the high-voltage battery 10 can be reduced by the dc converter 20 to charge the low-voltage battery 40.
In addition to controlling the on/off of the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2 according to the charging voltage value outputted by the dc converter 20, the battery voltage value of the low-voltage battery 40 and the charging current value of the low-voltage battery 40, respectively, the control circuit 36 can continuously detect the charging current value of the low-voltage battery 40 and/or the battery voltage value of the low-voltage battery 40 within a predetermined time when the low-voltage battery 40 is charged, and when the control circuit 36 determines that the charging current value is continuously lower than a current state warning value within the predetermined time, or a voltage amplitude of the battery voltage value of the low-voltage battery 40 within the predetermined time is lower than a voltage state warning value, it represents that the charging current value is too small or the low-voltage battery 40 cannot be charged, i.e. the charging of the low-voltage battery 40 is abnormal, the control circuit 36 outputs an alarm signal to warn the user of the battery status, so that the user can replace the low-voltage battery 40 in time. In one embodiment, the vehicle control unit 30 is connected to an instrument panel or a warning light of the vehicle, and the vehicle control unit 30 controls the instrument panel and the warning light to warn a user according to the warning signal.
When the first electronic switch Q1 and the second electronic switch Q2 are damaged and cannot be switched to an open circuit or the charging control of the control circuit 36 fails, if the charging current for charging the low-voltage battery 40 is too large, the overcurrent protection element 37 can open the charging circuit of the low-voltage battery 40, thereby preventing the too large charging current from flowing into the low-voltage battery 40 and providing a second charging protection for the low-voltage battery 40.
Referring to fig. 2, a detailed circuit architecture of the charge control loop is described below. The first voltage feedback circuit 31 may be composed of a resistor 311 and a resistor 312, wherein the resistor 311 and the resistor 312 are connected in series between the ground terminal and the power output terminal of the dc converter 20.
The first electronic switch Q1 can be a mosfet switch, and the drain of the first electronic switch Q1 is connected to the power output terminal of the dc converter 20 and the resistor 311.
The second electronic switch Q2 may be a mosfet switch, with the source of the second electronic switch Q2 connected to the source of the first electronic switch Q1.
The second voltage feedback circuit 34 may be composed of a resistor 341 and a resistor 342, and the resistor 341 and the resistor 342 are connected in series between the ground terminal and the drain of the second electronic switch Q2.
The control circuit 36 may include a plurality of resistors 361-366, a zener diode 367, a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) 368 and a microcontroller 369, wherein one end of the resistor 361 is connected to the microcontroller 369, and the other end of the resistor 361 is connected to the base of the Bipolar Transistor 368; one end of the resistor 362 is connected to the base of the bipolar transistor 368, and the other end of the resistor 362 is connected to the emitter of the bipolar transistor 368; one end of the resistor 363 is connected to the collector of the bipolar transistor 368, and the other end of the resistor 363 is connected to the resistor 364, the resistor 365, the zener diode 367, and the resistor 366; one end of the resistor 364 is connected to the gate of the first electronic switch Q1, and the other end of the resistor 364 is connected to the resistor 363; one end of the resistor 365 is connected to the source of the first electronic switch Q1 and the source of the second electronic switch Q2, and the other end of the resistor 365 is connected to the resistor 363; one end of the resistor 366 is connected to the gate of the second electronic switch Q2, and the other end of the resistor 366 is connected to the resistor 363; the zener diode 367 is connected between the source of the second electronic switch Q2 and the resistor 363, a negative terminal of the zener diode 367 is connected to the source of the first electronic switch Q1 and the source of the second electronic switch Q2, and a positive terminal of the zener diode 367 is connected to the resistor 363; the emitter of the bipolar transistor 368 is grounded; the microcontroller 369 is coupled to the resistor 311, the resistor 312, the resistor 341, the resistor 342, and the resistor 361.
The current feedback circuit 35 may include a current sensor 351, an amplifier 352, and a plurality of resistors 353-356, wherein a power input terminal of the current sensor 351 is connected to the drain of the second electronic switch Q2, and a power output terminal of the current sensor 351 is connected to the power input terminal of the over-current protection device 37; the resistor 353 is connected between the power input terminal of the current sensor 351 and a non-inverting input terminal of the amplifier 352; the resistor 354 is connected between the power output of the current sensor 351 and an inverting input of the amplifier 352; one end of the resistor 355 is connected to the resistor 354 and the inverting input terminal of the amplifier 352, and the other end of the resistor 355 is connected to an output terminal of the amplifier 352; one end of the resistor 356 is connected to a 2.5V reference voltage, and the other end is connected to the resistor 353 and the non-inverting input of the amplifier 352.
To sum up, the utility model discloses the charge protection system of vehicle sets up this direct current converter 20 and this vehicle control unit 30 separation to overcome among the prior art because of the inside overheated situation that leads to of vehicle control unit 30, just the utility model discloses well this charge control return circuit is through this first voltage feedback circuit 31, this second voltage feedback circuit 34 and this current feedback circuit 35 sensing this low-voltage battery 40's the situation of charging, controls this first electronic switch Q1 and this second electronic switch Q2's the circuit breaking or switches on, borrows this to prevent that too big charging voltage, charging current from charging this low-voltage battery 40 and causing this low-voltage battery 40 to damage, thereby provide charge protection for this low-voltage battery 40.

Claims (12)

1. A charge protection system for a vehicle, comprising:
a high voltage battery for providing a charging power;
the direct current converter is electrically connected with the high-voltage battery and used for reducing the voltage of the charging power supply;
the vehicle control unit is electrically connected with the direct current converter and comprises a charging control loop;
the low-voltage battery is electrically connected with the charging control loop of the whole vehicle controller;
and the charging power supply after voltage reduction charges the low-voltage battery through the charging control loop.
2. The charge protection system of a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the charge control loop includes:
the first voltage feedback circuit is connected with the direct current converter;
the first electronic switch is connected with the direct current converter and the first voltage feedback circuit;
the second electronic switch is connected with the first electronic switch;
the second voltage feedback circuit is connected with the second electronic switch and the low-voltage battery;
and the control circuit is connected with the first voltage feedback circuit, the first electronic switch, the second electronic switch and the second voltage feedback circuit and controls the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch to be switched off or switched on.
3. The charge protection system of a vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: the control circuit senses the charging voltage value output by the direct current converter through the first voltage feedback circuit and senses the battery voltage value of the low-voltage battery through the second voltage feedback circuit;
when the control circuit judges that the charging voltage value is higher than a preset charging voltage threshold value, the control circuit controls the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch to be simultaneously switched off; or
When the control circuit judges that the battery voltage value is higher than a preset battery voltage threshold value, the control circuit controls the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch to be simultaneously switched off.
4. The charge protection system of a vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that: the charging control loop comprises a current feedback circuit, and the current feedback circuit is connected with the second electronic switch and the second voltage feedback circuit;
the control circuit senses the charging current value of the low-voltage battery after the charging power supply is reduced in voltage through the current feedback circuit, and when the control circuit judges that the charging current value is higher than a preset charging current threshold value, the control circuit controls the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch to be simultaneously switched off.
5. The charge protection system of a vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that: the control circuit continuously detects the charging current value or the battery voltage value of the low-voltage battery within a preset time when the low-voltage battery is charged;
when the control circuit judges that the charging current value is continuously lower than a current state warning value within the preset time, the control circuit outputs a warning signal; or
When the control circuit judges that the voltage amplification of the low-voltage battery in the preset time is lower than a voltage state warning value, the control circuit outputs the warning signal.
6. The charge protection system of a vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: the charging control circuit comprises an overcurrent protection element, and the overcurrent protection element is connected between the second electronic switch and the low-voltage battery.
7. The charge protection system of a vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: the first voltage feedback circuit comprises a plurality of resistors which are connected in series between a grounding end and the direct current converter.
8. The charge protection system of a vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: the first electronic switch is a Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET), the drain of the MOSFET is connected with the DC converter and the first voltage feedback circuit, the grid of the MOSFET is connected with the control circuit, and the source of the MOSFET is connected with the second electronic switch.
9. The charge protection system of a vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: the second electronic switch is a Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET), the source electrode of the MOSFET is connected with the first electronic switch, the grid electrode of the MOSFET is connected with the control circuit, and the drain electrode of the MOSFET is connected with the second voltage feedback circuit.
10. The charge protection system of a vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: the second voltage feedback circuit comprises a plurality of resistors which are connected in series between a grounding end and the second electronic switch.
11. The charge protection system of a vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: the control circuit includes:
a Zener diode connected to the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch;
a bipolar transistor, a collector of which is connected to the zener diode via a resistor, and an emitter of which is grounded; and
the microcontroller is connected with the base electrode of the bipolar transistor through a resistor and is connected with the first voltage feedback circuit and the second voltage feedback circuit.
12. The charge protection system of a vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that: the current feedback circuit includes:
the current sensor is connected with the second electronic switch, the second voltage feedback circuit and the low-voltage battery; and
and the amplifier is connected with the current sensor and the control circuit.
CN202121241695.4U 2021-01-04 2021-06-04 Charging protection system for vehicle Active CN214984841U (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TW110200008U TWM618805U (en) 2021-01-04 2021-01-04 Charging protection system of vehicle
TW110200008 2021-01-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN214984841U true CN214984841U (en) 2021-12-03

Family

ID=79086410

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202121241695.4U Active CN214984841U (en) 2021-01-04 2021-06-04 Charging protection system for vehicle

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN214984841U (en)
TW (1) TWM618805U (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TWM618805U (en) 2021-11-01

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