CN214782244U

CN214782244U - High-stability electroplating roller

Info

Publication number: CN214782244U
Application number: CN202120356824.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈云松; 黄其培
Original assignee: Dingqun Technology Shenzhen Co ltd
Current assignee: Dingqun Technology Shenzhen Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-02-07
Filing date: 2021-02-07
Publication date: 2021-11-19
Anticipated expiration: 2031-02-07

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of electroplating equipment, in particular to an electroplating roller with high stability. A high-stability electroplating roller comprises a bracket, a roller, a driving mechanism and a stirring mechanism, wherein the roller is rotationally connected with the bracket; the roller comprises a gear plate, a hexagonal connecting plate and a mesh cover plate, wherein the hexagonal connecting plate is fixedly connected to the surface of the gear plate; the mesh cover plate is connected to the side face of the hexagonal connecting plate through bolts; the stirring mechanism comprises a connecting block, a connecting rod, a rotating rod, a stirring paddle and a first transmission gear, and the connecting block is fixedly connected to the surface of the gear plate; the connecting rod is vertically downwards fixedly connected to the lower surface of the connecting block; the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the connecting rod; the rotating rod is positioned between the connecting rods and is positioned at the lower part of the roller; the stirring paddles are arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotating rod, and the distance between every two adjacent stirring paddles is equal; the first transmission gear is engaged with the gear plate. This application adopts rabbling mechanism to carry out the convection current to the plating solution and stirs for the plating solution exchange among the electroplating process is accelerated, thereby promotes electroplating efficiency.

Description

High-stability electroplating roller

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of electroplating equipment, in particular to an electroplating roller with high stability.

Background

The device made of conventional metals such as iron and copper is easily oxidized under the action of water vapor and oxygen in the air, so that the mechanical property of the metal device is reduced, and the metal device is damaged and cannot be used. For this reason, metal surface treatment is required. The conventional metal device surface treatment principle is oxygen isolation of a coating, and specifically comprises a coating method, an electroplating method, a physical vapor deposition coating method and the like. Among them, the electroplating method has mature process, good oxidation resistance and protection performance and relatively low cost, and is widely applied to the field of metal surface treatment. Electroplating is a surface processing method which takes a plated base metal as a cathode in a salt solution containing the metal to be plated, and the cathode obtains electrons through electrolysis, so that cations in the salt solution obtain electrons to be deposited on the surface of the base metal to form a plating layer.

At present, an electroplating roller is generally adopted for carrying out surface treatment on smaller parts such as scattered hardware, a metal part to be plated is placed into the roller, the roller drives the metal part to roll after being immersed in electroplating liquid, then the metal part is electrified for electroplating, and various metal or alloy coatings are deposited on the surface of the part in an indirect electric conduction mode under a rolling state. Notice No. CN206457550U discloses an electroplating barrel, including the frame, rotate the stack shell of installing on the support, wherein the frame is including setting up the girder, conducting head, two sets of support parts and the drive assembly that are used for supporting whole electroplating barrel in support top, and the support part is installed respectively in the stack shell both sides and is connected the girder respectively, and the support part includes respectively by outer current collection copper, insulation board, fixed plate and the backup pad of installing in proper order to interior, and the conducting head is installed on the current collection copper.

Aiming at the prior art: the inventor finds that the plating solution exchange is slow in the plating process, the plating time is prolonged, and the plating electric loss is increased.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the problem that the exchange of plating solution is slower among the current electroplating process, prolong the electroplating time, increase electroplating electricity loss, this application aim at provides a high stability's electroplating barrel.

The application purpose of the application is realized by the following technical scheme: a high-stability electroplating roller comprises a bracket, a roller, a driving mechanism and a stirring mechanism, wherein the roller is rotationally connected with the bracket; the driving mechanism is used for driving the roller to rotate around the axial direction of the roller; the roller comprises a gear plate, a hexagonal connecting plate and a mesh cover plate, wherein the hexagonal connecting plate is fixedly connected to the surface of the gear plate; the mesh cover plate is connected to the side face of the hexagonal connecting plate through bolts; the stirring mechanism comprises a connecting block, a connecting rod, a rotating rod, a stirring paddle and a first transmission gear, and the connecting block is fixedly connected to the surface of the gear plate; the connecting rod is vertically downwards fixedly connected to the lower surface of the connecting block; the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the connecting rod; the rotating rod is positioned between the connecting rods and is positioned at the lower part of the roller; the stirring paddles are arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotating rod, and the distance between every two adjacent stirring paddles is equal; the first transmission gear is engaged with the gear plate.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, actuating mechanism can drive the cylinder and rotate, and the pivoted gear plate drives a transmission gear and rotates to make dwang and stirring rake revolute the dwang axial and rotate, carry out the convection current to the plating solution that lies in the cylinder lower part and stir, make the plating solution exchange of electroplating in-process accelerate, thereby promote electroplating efficiency.

Preferably, the connecting rod comprises a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod, and the second connecting rod is connected in the first connecting rod in a sliding manner; one end of the first connecting rod, which is back to the second connecting rod, is fixedly connected to the connecting block; one end of the second connecting rod, which is back to the first connecting rod, is circumferentially provided with a rotating hole for the rotating rod to be rotatably connected; a plurality of threaded holes are formed in the first connecting rod in the circumferential direction along the axial direction of the first connecting rod; the distance between adjacent threaded holes is equal; the first connecting rod is in threaded connection with a fastening bolt; the fastening bolt is in threaded connection with the threaded hole and abuts against the outer wall of the second connecting rod.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the accessible is adjusted the distance of connecting rod and is realized adjusting the intensity that the convection current stirred, and the electroplating operation that can be adapted to the plating bath of different specifications to use and different plating solution types.

Preferably, the stirring paddle comprises a circular ring body, two inclined blades and two straight blades, the circular ring body is in threaded connection with a bolt, and the bolt is abutted against the outer wall of the rotating rod; the two oblique blades are fixedly connected to the outer circumferential direction of the circular ring body; the two straight blades are fixedly connected to the outer circumferential direction of the circular ring body; the oblique blades and the straight blades are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the ring body.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, straight blade makes the plating solution from supreme motion down, and the oblique blade not only can make the plating solution from supreme motion down, but also can make plating solution horizontal motion, further promotes convection current stirring intensity, promotes plating solution exchange efficiency, promotes electroplating efficiency.

Preferably, the lifting gantry comprises a lifting gantry frame and a cylinder, wherein the lifting gantry frame is fixedly connected to the ground through bolts; the cylinder is fixedly connected to the lifting portal frame; the cylinder push rod is detachably connected to the support.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the setting of liter portal frame and cylinder can guarantee that this application has better electroplating stability and cylinder lifting support for the cylinder is promoted and is convenient for treat the interpolation and the taking out of electrolysis spare.

Preferably, the bracket comprises a connecting top plate, side plates, a transmission shaft and a second transmission gear, and the side plates are respectively arranged on two sides of the gear plate; the top of the side plate is fixedly connected with the connecting top plate; the upper surface of the connecting top plate is detachably connected with the cylinder push rod; the transmission shaft is rotatably connected to the side plate; the transmission shaft is positioned at the upper part of the roller, and the central axis of the transmission shaft is parallel to the central axis of the roller; the side plate is fixedly connected with a transverse plate positioned at the lower part of the transmission shaft, and the lower surface of the transverse plate is abutted against the top surface of the electroplating bath; the upper surface of the transverse plate far away from the side plate is fixedly connected with a conductive rod; the conducting rod is connected with a conducting head extending into the inner roller.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the support carries out effectual support to the cylinder, can be fixed in the plating bath with the cylinder, guarantees the stability of electroplating.

Preferably, the driving mechanism comprises a driving motor, a driving gear and a third transmission gear, and the driving motor is fixedly connected to the lifting portal frame; the driving gear is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the driving motor; the third transmission gear is fixedly connected to the circumferential direction of the transmission shaft and meshed with the driving gear.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, actuating mechanism can drive the transmission shaft and rotate, and axle pivoted second drive gear drives the cylinder and rotates, and the pivoted cylinder drives the dwang and rotates, and the stirring rake on the dwang can stir the plating solution by convection for the plating solution exchange promotes electrolysis efficiency.

Preferably, the rotating rod comprises a plurality of reciprocating screw rods, a limiting ring and a rotating rod, each reciprocating screw rod is rotatably connected with a stirring paddle, and the reciprocating screw rods are connected end to form the stirring rod; the limiting ring is fixedly connected to the joint of the adjacent reciprocating screw rods; the rotating rods are coaxially and fixedly connected with two end faces of the stirring rod.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can further promote the stirring efficiency of stirring oar to the plating solution to promote electroplating efficiency.

Preferably, an exhaust fan is arranged on the lifting portal frame; the air suction end of the exhaust fan faces the electroplating bath, and the air outlet pipe of the exhaust fan faces away from the electroplating bath.

By adopting the technical scheme, dust and particle impurities in the air can be prevented from falling into the electroplating bath, and the electroplating quality is improved.

In summary, the present application has the following advantages:

1. this application adopts rabbling mechanism to carry out the convection current to the plating solution and stirs for the plating solution exchange among the electroplating process is accelerated, thereby promotes electroplating efficiency.

2. The utility model provides a dwang adopts a plurality of reciprocal lead screws to constitute, can further promote the stirring efficiency of stirring rake to the plating solution to promote electroplating efficiency.

3. The application sets up the air exhauster, dust, granule impurity in the reducible air fall into the plating bath, promote the electroplating quality.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of embodiment 1 in the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the connecting structure of the support, the drum, the driving mechanism and the stirring mechanism of example 1 in this application.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a mesh cover plate of example 1 in the present application.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a connecting rod of embodiment 1 in the present application.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a rotating lever in embodiment 2 of the present application.

In the figure, 1, a portal frame is lifted; 10. a cylinder; 100. an exhaust fan; 11. a vertical pillar; 12. a cross beam; 121. mounting holes; 2. a support; 20. connecting the top plate; 21. a side plate; 22. a drive shaft; 23. a second transmission gear; 24. a transverse plate; 25. a conductive rod; 26. a conductive head; 27. a V-shaped conductive support seat; 3. a drum; 31. a gear plate; 32. a hexagonal connecting plate; 33. a mesh cover plate; 331. a filling opening; 332. sealing the mesh plate; 34. a rotating shaft; 341. perforating the thread; 4. a drive mechanism; 41. a drive motor; 42. a driving gear; 43. a third transmission gear; 5. a stirring mechanism; 51. connecting blocks; 52. a connecting rod; 521. a first link; 522. a second link; 523. rotating the hole; 524. a threaded hole; 525. fastening a bolt; 53. rotating the rod; 530. a stirring rod; 531. a reciprocating screw rod; 532. a limiting ring; 533. a rotating rod; 54. a stirring paddle; 541. a torus; 542. oblique blades; 543. a straight blade; 544. a bolt; 55. a first drive gear.

Detailed Description

The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-5.

Example 1:

referring to fig. 1, the high-stability electroplating roller disclosed in the present application includes a lifting gantry 1, a cylinder 10, a bracket 2, a roller 3, a driving mechanism 4 and a stirring mechanism 5. The lifting gantry 1 comprises two vertical pillars 11 and a beam 12 which are spaced from each other, and the beam 12 is fixedly connected to the upper surfaces of the vertical pillars 11. The center of the upper surface of the beam 12 is vertically provided with a mounting hole 121 for the cylinder 10 to be arranged. The push rod of the cylinder 10 is fixedly connected to the support 2, the roller 3 is rotatably connected to the support 2, the stirring mechanism 5 is rotatably connected to the roller 3, the driving mechanism 4 is fixedly connected to the periphery of the vertical strut 11, and the roller 3 and the stirring mechanism 5 can be driven to rotate synchronously by the driving mechanism 4. In order to prevent dust and particle impurities in the air from falling into the electroplating bath, an exhaust fan 100 is connected to the vertical strut 11 at a circumferential height. The suction end of the exhaust fan 100 faces the electroplating bath and the outlet pipe of the exhaust fan 100 faces away from the electroplating bath.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the drum 3 includes two spaced gear plates 31, and a hexagonal connection plate 32 is fixedly connected to a surface of each gear plate 31. The surface of each gear plate 31, which faces away from the hexagonal connecting plate 32, is coaxially and fixedly connected with a rotating shaft 34, and the rotating shaft 34 is rotatably connected to the bracket 2. Six mesh cover plates 33 are arranged between the two hexagonal connecting plates 32, and the width of each mesh cover plate 33 is equal to the side length of a regular hexagon formed by vertical projection of the hexagonal connecting plates 32. The mesh cover 33 is connected to the side of the hexagonal connection plate 32 by fixing bolts. A filling port 331 is formed in the center of one mesh cover plate 33 of the six mesh cover plates 33, the mesh cover plate 33 is hinged with a sealing mesh plate 332, and the sealing mesh plate 332 is connected to the mesh cover plate 33 through fixing bolts.

Referring to fig. 2, the bracket 2 includes a connecting top plate 20, two side plates 21, a transmission shaft 22, a second transmission gear 23, and two cross plates 24. Each side plate 21 is arranged on the side of the gear plate 31 facing away from the hexagonal connecting plate 32. The tops of the two side plates 21 are fixedly connected to the connecting top plate 20, and the connecting top plate 20 is horizontally arranged. The center of the upper surface of the connecting top plate 20 is connected with a push rod bolt of the cylinder 10. The transmission shaft 22 is horizontally arranged and is positioned at the upper part of the roller 3. The transmission shaft 22 is rotatably connected to the side plate 21 and the central axis of the transmission shaft 22 is parallel to the central axis of the drum 3. The transverse plate 24 is located between the transmission shaft 22 and the drum 3, and the transverse plate 24 is horizontally and vertically fixedly connected to the side surface of the side plate 21 opposite to the gear plate 31. The lower surface of the transverse plate 24 is padded with a silicon rubber sheet which is abutted against the top surface of the electroplating bath. The upper surface of the transverse plate 24 far from the side plate 21 is fixedly connected with a conductive rod 25 communicated with a power supply, and the conductive rod 25 is connected with a conductive head 26 extending into the roller 3 through a conducting wire. The rotating shaft 34 is coaxially provided with a wire through hole 341, and the conductive head 26 is provided with the wire through hole 341 to enter the drum 3. The top of the electroplating bath is provided with V-shaped conductive supporting seats 27 which are symmetrical left and right and matched with the conductive heads 26.

Referring to fig. 2, the driving mechanism 4 includes a driving motor 41, a driving gear 42, and a third transmission gear 43, wherein the driving motor 41 is fixedly connected to the circumference of the vertical pillar 11. The driving gear 42 is fixedly connected to the circumference of the output shaft of the driving motor 41, and the central axis of the output shaft of the driving motor 41 is parallel to the central axis of the transmission shaft 22. The third transmission gear 43 is fixedly connected to the circumferential direction of one end of the transmission shaft 22, and the driving gear 42 is meshed with the driving gear 42, so that the driving motor 41 drives the transmission shaft 22 to rotate, and the roller 3 and the stirring mechanism 5 synchronously rotate.

Referring to fig. 2, the agitating mechanism 5 includes a connecting block 51, a connecting rod 52, a rotating rod 53, a plurality of paddles 54 spaced apart from each other, and a first transmission gear 55. The connecting block 51 is connected to the surface of the gear plate 31 facing away from the hexagonal connecting plate 32 by fixing bolts. The connecting rod 52 is a telescopic rod and includes a first connecting rod 521 and a second connecting rod 522 slidably connected in the first connecting rod 521, and one end of the first connecting rod 521, which is opposite to the second connecting rod 522, is welded to the lower surface of the connecting block 51. A rotating hole 523 is circumferentially formed in one end of the second connecting rod 522, which faces away from the first connecting rod 521, and a central axis of the rotating hole 523 is perpendicular to a central axis of the second connecting rod 522. The rotating lever 53 is rotatably coupled in the rotating hole 523. The first transmission gear 55 is fixedly connected to the rotation lever 53 in the circumferential direction and engaged with the gear plate 31. The paddle 54 is provided in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 53.

Referring to fig. 4, in order to adjust and control the distance from the rotating rod 53 to the drum 3, a plurality of threaded holes 524 are formed in the circumferential direction of the first link 521 at equal intervals along the axial direction of the first link 521. The first link 521 is screwed with a fastening bolt 525, and the second link 522 is fixedly connected in the first link 521 by the fastening bolt 525.

Referring to fig. 2, in order to improve the convection agitation efficiency, the stirring paddle 54 includes a circular ring body 541, two inclined blades 542, and two straight blades 543. The ring body 541 is connected with a bolt 544 through a thread, when the ring body 541 is installed, the ring body 541 is sleeved on the circumferential direction of the rotating rod 53 and slides to a preset installation position, the bolt 544 is screwed up to enable the bolt 544 to be abutted against the outer wall of the rotating rod 53, and therefore the ring body 541 is fixed on the circumferential direction of the rotating rod 53. The two straight blades 543 are welded to the outer circumference of the ring 541. The vertical projection of the straight blade 543 is circularly symmetric about the vertical projection of the torus 541. The two oblique blades 542 are welded to the outer circumference of the ring 541. The vertical projections of the two oblique blades 542 are circularly symmetric about the vertical projection of the torus 541. The inclined blades 542 and the straight blades 543 are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the ring body 541, and the connecting line of the vertical center lines of the two inclined blades 542 is perpendicular to the connecting line of the vertical center lines of the two straight blades 543.

The principle of the embodiment of the application is as follows: driving motor 41 drives driving gear 42 and rotates, and driving gear 42 drives third drive gear 43 and rotates, and transmission shaft 22 rotates around self axial, and second drive gear 23 rotates, and drive gear plate 31 rotates, drives first drive gear 55 and rotates, has realized that dwang 53 drives stirring rake 54 and has rotated for the plating solution convection current is stirred, and the plating solution exchange accelerates, promotes electroplating efficiency.

Example 2:

example 2 differs from example 1 in that: referring to fig. 5, the rotating rod 53 is composed of five reciprocating screws 531, four stopper rings 532, and two rotating rods 533. Each reciprocating screw 531 is rotatably connected with a stirring paddle 54, and the ring body 541 can axially reciprocate along the reciprocating screw 531. The reciprocating screw rods 531 are coaxially welded end to form the stirring rod 530, the limiting rings 532 are sleeved at the joints of the adjacent reciprocating screw rods 531, and then the limiting rings 532 and the reciprocating screw rods 531 are welded together. The rotating rod 533 is coaxially and fixedly connected to both end surfaces of the stirring rod 530, the rotating rod 533 is rotatably connected to the rotating hole 523, and the first transmission gear 55 is fixedly connected to the rotating rod 533 in the circumferential direction.

The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the scope of protection of the present application is not limited by the embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A high stability's electroplating barrel which characterized in that: comprises a bracket (2), a roller (3), a driving mechanism (4) and a stirring mechanism (5), wherein the roller (3) is rotationally connected with the bracket (2); the driving mechanism (4) is used for driving the roller (3) to rotate around the self axial direction; the roller (3) comprises a gear plate (31), a hexagonal connecting plate (32) and a mesh cover plate (33), wherein the hexagonal connecting plate (32) is fixedly connected to the surface of the gear plate (31); the mesh cover plate (33) is connected to the side surface of the hexagonal connecting plate (32) through bolts; the stirring mechanism (5) comprises a connecting block (51), a connecting rod (52), a rotating rod (53), a stirring paddle (54) and a first transmission gear (55), and the connecting block (51) is fixedly connected to the surface of the gear plate (31); the connecting rod (52) is vertically and downwards fixedly connected to the lower surface of the connecting block (51); the rotating rod (53) is rotatably connected to the connecting rod (52); the rotating rod (53) is positioned between the connecting rods (52) and is positioned at the lower part of the roller (3); the stirring paddles (54) are arranged on the circumferential direction of the rotating rod (53), and the distance between every two adjacent stirring paddles (54) is equal; the first transmission gear (55) is engaged with the gear plate (31).

2. A plating barrel with high stability according to claim 1, wherein: the connecting rod (52) comprises a first connecting rod (521) and a second connecting rod (522), and the second connecting rod (522) is connected in the first connecting rod (521) in a sliding mode; one end of the first connecting rod (521), which is back to the second connecting rod (522), is fixedly connected to the connecting block (51); one end of the second connecting rod (522), which is back to the first connecting rod (521), is circumferentially provided with a rotating hole (523) for the rotating rod (53) to be rotatably connected; a plurality of threaded holes (524) are formed in the circumferential direction of the first connecting rod (521) along the axial direction of the first connecting rod (521); the adjacent threaded holes (524) are equally spaced; the first connecting rod (521) is in threaded connection with a fastening bolt (525); the fastening bolt (525) is in threaded connection with the threaded hole (524) and the fastening bolt (525) is abutted against the outer wall of the second connecting rod (522).

3. A plating barrel with high stability according to claim 1, wherein: the stirring paddle (54) comprises a ring body (541), two inclined blades (542) and two straight blades (543), the ring body (541) is in threaded connection with a bolt (544), and the bolt (544) is abutted to the outer wall of the rotating rod (53); the two inclined blades (542) are fixedly connected to the annular body (541); the two straight blades (543) are fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the ring body (541); the inclined blades (542) and the straight blades (543) are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the ring body (541).

4. A plating barrel with high stability according to claim 1, wherein: the lifting gantry comprises a lifting gantry frame (1) and a cylinder (10), wherein the lifting gantry frame (1) is fixedly connected to the ground through bolts; the cylinder (10) is fixedly connected to the lifting portal frame (1); the push rod of the air cylinder (10) is detachably connected to the bracket (2).

5. A plating barrel with high stability according to claim 4, wherein: the support (2) comprises a connecting top plate (20), side plates (21), a transmission shaft (22) and a second transmission gear (23), and the side plates (21) are respectively arranged on two sides of the gear plate (31); the top of the side plate (21) is fixedly connected with the connecting top plate (20); the upper surface of the connecting top plate (20) is detachably connected with a push rod of the cylinder (10); the transmission shaft (22) is rotatably connected to the side plate (21); the transmission shaft (22) is positioned at the upper part of the roller (3), and the central axis of the transmission shaft (22) is parallel to the central axis of the roller (3); the side plate (21) is fixedly connected with a transverse plate (24) positioned at the lower part of the transmission shaft (22), and the lower surface of the transverse plate (24) is abutted against the top surface of the electroplating bath; the transverse plate (24) is far away from the upper surface of the side plate (21) and is fixedly connected with a conductive rod (25); the conducting rod (25) is connected with a conducting head (26) extending into the roller (3).

6. A plating barrel with high stability according to claim 5, wherein: the driving mechanism (4) comprises a driving motor (41), a driving gear (42) and a third transmission gear (43), and the driving motor (41) is fixedly connected to the lifting portal frame (1); the driving gear (42) is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the driving motor (41); the third transmission gear (43) is fixedly connected to the circumferential direction of the transmission shaft (22) and meshed with the driving gear (42).

7. A plating barrel with high stability according to claim 1, wherein: the rotating rod (53) comprises a plurality of reciprocating screw rods (531), limiting rings (532) and rotating rods (533), each reciprocating screw rod (531) is rotatably connected with a stirring paddle (54), and the reciprocating screw rods (531) are connected end to form stirring rods (530); the limiting ring (532) is fixedly connected to the joint of the adjacent reciprocating screw rods (531); the rotating rods (533) are coaxially and fixedly connected to two end faces of the stirring rod (530).

8. A plating barrel with high stability according to claim 4, wherein: an exhaust fan (100) is arranged on the lifting gantry (1); the air suction end of the exhaust fan (100) faces the electroplating bath, and the air outlet pipe of the exhaust fan (100) faces back to the electroplating bath.