CN2147545Y - Electric spoon type intelligent electric power meter - Google Patents
Electric spoon type intelligent electric power meter Download PDFInfo
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- CN2147545Y CN2147545Y CN 92209607 CN92209607U CN2147545Y CN 2147545 Y CN2147545 Y CN 2147545Y CN 92209607 CN92209607 CN 92209607 CN 92209607 U CN92209607 U CN 92209607U CN 2147545 Y CN2147545 Y CN 2147545Y
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an intelligent electric power meter which is mainly composed of a current circuit, a voltage sensor, an analogue-digital conversion circuit, a single chip computer, and an electric spoon which is used for storing the instruction of a power supply administration department and the electrical energy used by users. The utility model has the key point that the analogue-digital conversion circuit of the electric meter is a circuit which can digitize the analog type current and the voltage signals directly. The single chip computer is a special-purpose single chip computer that can directly calculate the active power, the reactive power and the electric degree by the digitized current and the voltage signal. The matched electric spoon adopts the encapsulation structure with small volume. The intelligent electric power meter has the advantages of small electrical power consumption, low cost price, high accuracy, and reliable and durable effect. The utility model is appropriate for industrial departments and civil users.
Description
The utility model relates to a kind of watt-hour meter that is used for watt metering, particularly a kind of electric spoon type intelligent kilowatt-hour meter that can connect with the computer system of power supply management.
At present, the problem that the mechanical turntable type watt-hour meter that power department generally adopts exists is to need manual metering, and itself does not have load controlling function watt-hour meter, and its precision is low, maintenance load is big, is difficult to control effectively load, and electricity consumption and prepaid system are difficult to realize a plan.
Existing intelligent card type watt-hour meter, though overcome the problems referred to above substantially, also there is following shortcoming, cause intelligent kilowatt-hour meter to fail popularization and application quickly.
(1). aspect watt metering, existing intelligent kilowatt-hour meter still need rely on the mechanical type watt-hour meter maybe will carry out Power Conversion with mimic channels such as electromagnetic type active power transducer, analog multipliers, so just is difficult to reduce cost, power consumption and error;
(2). at the microcomputer design aspect, existing intelligent kilowatt-hour meter all adopts universal microcomputer and middle small scale integrated circuit, and therefore, the volume of circuit board is big, also causes power consumption big, the result that cost is high;
(3). aspect reliability, the electric card structure of existing intelligent kilowatt-hour meter, data encryption and data protection aspect lack reliable measure.
The purpose of this utility model provides the intelligent kilowatt-hour meter that a kind of cost is low, power consumption is little and precision is high.
Another purpose of the present utility model is to improve the confidentiality and the reliability of intelligent kilowatt-hour meter, with in preventing to use to the distorting and forging of data, guarantee the objective rationality of power consumption and charge, so that apply.
For achieving the above object, the utility model is taked following measure:
For reducing cost and power consumption, single-chip microcomputer of the present utility model adopts the dedicated semiconductor chip that integrated level is high, all digital circuit all is integrated on the chip piece, so that this single-chip microcomputer is mixed electric current, voltage sensor, analog to digital converter, on-load switch and the display unit of different model, can constitute the single-phase of different accuracy and different capabilities or three-phase intelligent watt-hour meter.
The design concept of intelligent kilowatt-hour meter of the present utility model is to adopt the Direct Power operation method, and single-chip microcomputer directly draws electric power and electric degree numerical value by digitized electric current, voltage signal, and formula is as follows:
Wp＝
∑ nI（Tn）·V（Tn）·△Tn
（n＝1、2、3、4┉）
Wherein: I(Tn), V(Tn) be respectively voltage, the current values of n sub-sampling, △ Tn is the time interval of secondary sample, following formula can be expressed as integration type:
Wp＝
∫ ti（t）.v（t）dt
Because i(t wherein), v(t) be instantaneous value, so integration also is suitable for for non-sinusoidal current, magnitude of voltage, and the phase differential of electric current and voltage has been reflected in the instantaneous value, the fluctuation of the phase place of voltage and current waveform, amplitude and frequency does not influence the accuracy of this formula.
The concrete formation of intelligent kilowatt-hour meter of the present utility model:
This electric spoon type intelligent kilowatt-hour meter comprises external storage and the installing component that ammeter casing, panel, ammeter movement, user use; The ammeter movement is sealed in the casing, and links to each other with panel; The ammeter movement comprises following parts:
One is used for the single-chip microcomputer of watt metering, data storing, load control and data communication;
One is connected on a voltage sensor and the current sensor in the subscriber's line circuit;
One is used for the analog to digital conversion circuit with analog signal digital;
One IO interface; One external storage socket;
One sound and light show circuit, one is used to send the hummer and a light emitting diode of alarm signal;
One is used to realize using the on-load switch of electric control;
One is the ammeter direct current power source supplying power;
The analog to digital conversion circuit of this watt-hour meter is the analog electric current, voltage signal of a direct received current, voltage sensor output and with its digitized analog to digital conversion circuit; Single-chip microcomputer is the digitizing electric current, the voltage signal that receive analog to digital conversion circuit output, and directly by its special-purpose single-chip microcomputer that calculates meritorious, reactive power and electric degree number and have error correcting function; The external storage that the user uses is one " the electricity spoon " that have the EEPROM semi-conductor chip of serial read-write interface and take hermetically-sealed construction.
Watt-hour meter of the present utility model also is provided with built-in eeprom memory except that adopting external storage to carry out the data communication of off-line type in ammeter, its effect is:
A. when grid power blackout, preserve record data, key and load control instruction in the ammeter and since eeprom memory can be under no any power source electric power thus supplied the long preservation data, this method is better than the method with battery preservation data;
B. be used to store the index correction curve of ammeter itself, this curve has deposited among the built-in EEPROM before ammeter dispatches from the factory, single-chip microcomputer is revised error automatically by this calibration curve when carrying out the electric degree computing, thereby improve the precision of watt-hour meter, and power supply department can revise this calibration curve at any time, to eliminate because the error that device aging causes.
For improving the reliability of watt-hour meter, in single-chip microcomputer, be provided with the self-diagnosable system that detects single-chip microcomputer hardware and software work state.
For guaranteeing that the data on the electricity spoon are not forged, the utility model adopts a kind of " all-key dynamic encryption module " to encrypt for electricity spoon data software, and the principal feature of this encrypting module is:
1, the encryption and decryption algorithm secret key of storage correspondence respectively in the database of watt-hour meter and power supply management system; The key of every watt-hour meter is different;
2, change (the corresponding algorithm synchronous change in ammeter and the database) after algorithm secret key is used once automatically; Power supply management department changes the algorithm secret key in the ammeter as required;
3, the electricity spoon upward contains the information of a series of mutual check checking computations through the data (reaching input and output, record data) of encryption, has from distinctive;
4, useful data, the checking data in the electricity spoon, the data integral body of recognizing password and some randomnesss mix, and carry out the all-key encryption.
Whole encryption system place database management, control under, adopt each table different, once effective dynamic algorithm key, ciphertext has from distinctive, reaching the all-key encryption is four technical characterstics of electricity spoon data encryption system of the present utility model, makes whole encryption system as safe as a house reliable.
The utility model adopts the electric spoon type external memory storage, as two-way transmission regulation and control instruction between power supply management system and intelligent kilowatt-hour meter with use electrographic carrier.The eeprom memory chip that one serial read-write is arranged in the electricity spoon.The encapsulating structure of electricity spoon and the design that patches part are than ordinary semiconductor storage card (semiconductor memory card that refers to the PCMCIA standard), and be more durable in use.
Be the reliability of guaranteeing to electrically connect between electricity spoon and the described external storage socket, take following structure: the external storage socket is a socket that can rotate under the electricity spoon drives, its inside be equipped with can electrically contact with the conducting terminal of described electricity spoon and with the joining conductive contact pin of internal circuit, the orientation of conductive contact pin and socket differs 90 degree, when the electricity spoon injects socket, need revolve and turn 90 degrees, the conductive contact pin in its conducting terminal and the machine is connected; This can make outside conductive contact pin is not exposed to, and is difficult for causing its surperficial dirt and oxidation because of dust in air and smog, and influences conductive effect.
Effect of the present utility model:
The utility model is owing to the power transducer, analog multiplier, the potential pulse frequency changer constant power change-over circuit that save in circuit in the general circuit, the cost and the power consumption of watt-hour meter have been reduced, and improved precision, the power consumption of this watt-hour meter can be reduced to below half of mechanical watt-hour meter power consumption of equal capacity, is starkly lower than existing intelligent kilowatt-hour meter; In addition, electricity spoon volume is little, the employing encapsulating structure, takes special construction because of the external storage socket again, and is more durable in use than common standard semiconductor memory card; Because single-chip microcomputer is provided with internal memory, when having a power failure, but show interior data long preservation again.Long-life storage battery in the table only is used for keeping the operation of real-time clock when grid power blackout, battery need not be changed for many years.
Be example now, be described as follows with regard to the composition of the utility model each several part and the relation of each several part with a single-phase watt-hour meter:
Fig. 1 the utility model electric spoon type intelligent kilowatt-hour meter structural drawing;
Fig. 2 the utility model electric spoon type computerized electric watt hour watch circuit is always schemed;
The special-purpose single chip circuit block diagram of Fig. 3 the utility model;
Fig. 4 the utility model double-channel analog/digital change-over circuit figure;
Fig. 5 the utility model electricity spoon structure cross-sectional schematic
The program module synoptic diagram of Fig. 6 the utility model single-chip microcomputer;
Fig. 7 the utility model reading and writing data process flow diagram.
As shown in Figure 1,
The utility model mainly comprises: ammeter casing 501, panel 502, be sealed in ammeter movement in the casing 501, the socket 106 of the electricity spoon 105 that is used to peg graft, and installing component 503, lead sealing is traditional thread binding 504, the ammeter movement links to each other with panel; Be positioned at the digital display screen 110 on the panel, light emitting diode 113, hummer 112, on-load switch 107, digital displaying contents switching push button 111 is positioned at the power supply base 108 below the casing 501; The orientation of conductive contact pin is horizontal direction (shown in the dotted line among the figure) in the socket of the vertical socket of placing 106, machine.
As shown in Figure 2, the watch core of present embodiment comprises column circuits down:
Be contained in voltage and current sensor 103,104 in the subscriber's line circuit, its output end signal is transported to double-channel analog/digital change-over circuit 102, this analog to digital conversion circuit is digital signal with this conversion of signals and is input to single-chip microcomputer 101, this single-chip microcomputer draws active power, reactive power and electric degree value with the digital signal of being received through computing, deposit in electricity spoon 105 and the built-in storer, and be treated as the signal that can on display screen 110, show through sound and light show circuit, utilize switching push button 111 can select the numeral of required demonstration, as electric degree numerical value etc.
The utility model saves power transducer, analog multiplier, the voltage one pulsed frequency transducer constant power change-over circuit in the watt-hour meter in the past;
Single-chip microcomputer 101 is by the electric current in the breaking coil of driving transistors BG control bipolarity air switch 107, and the break-make of control circuit is to reach the purpose of load control.
Power unit: direct supply 108 provides required direct supply for this machine; Battery 109 is used for keeping the clock operation when grid power blackout.
In addition, this watch core also is provided with serial communication interface 114 and power output interface 116.
As shown in Figure 3, embodiment of the present utility model adopts the special-purpose single-chip microcomputer 101 of SMART36020 type, its inner hardware configuration comprises: read only memory ROM 201, readable and writable memory RAM202, built-in EEPROM203, arithmetic logical operation unit ALV206, vibration and timing circuit OSC209, TIMER208, two 16 bit parallel inputs, output port PORTA and PORTB213,214, the driving circuit LCDGEN that liquid crystal digital shows, LCDLATCH215, with the synchronous serial read-write interface SPI216 of electricity spoon communication, but the Asynchronous Serial Interface SCI217 of external printer or modulator-demodular unit; Self-diagnostic circuit DIAG212, Interrupt Process circuit I NT210, programmable counter PC204, register cell REG207, address register ADDR205 instruction decode control circuit IDCL211 and internal data bus BUS218 etc.
The principle of work of this part is according to reading and writing data flow process shown in Figure 7, read in the electricity consumption regulation and control instruction on the electricity spoon or the digital signal of double-channel analog/digital converter 102 inputs calculated according to corresponding software, draw corresponding output signal, handling through display circuit provides the signal that can show, print or export.
As shown in Figure 4, analog to digital conversion circuit of the present utility model is a double-channel analog/digital change-over circuit 102, comprising: current amplification circuit 306, voltage amplifier circuit 307, SMP-10 type two tunnel sampling/holding circuits 304,305, analog switch (SW01) 303, DC level shift circuit 302; 12 single channel analog to digital converters (PM7572) 301; Electric current, voltage sensor adopt electromagnetic type electric current, voltage sensor in this embodiment, their output signal is taken a sample through two tunnel sampling/holding circuits sampling 304,305 after being amplified by amplifier 306,307 respectively, S1, S2 through analog switch 303 is input to DC level shift circuit 302 respectively successively again, the bipolar signal of input is changed into unipolar signal, with suitable with digital circuit; Because two tunnel sampling/holding circuits 304,305 are taken a sample simultaneously, make two channel signals not have additional phase displacement error, described analog switch is used to make two channel signals to be changed by a channel modulus converter.
As shown in Figure 5, the electricity spoon of this utility model as the key of same 5～6cm size, its eeprom chip 401 is placed on the inner circuit board 405 of electricity spoon, circuit board and chip plastic compression also are sealed in the plastic housing 404, each input, output terminal, ground terminal and the power supply on the chip by go between 402 with board edge on be exposed at the outer gold-plated conducting terminal 403 of seal and be connected.
As shown in Figure 6, the program module of single chip microcomputer leaves in the ROM201 of single-chip microcomputer, mainly contain electric degree computing module METER602, real-time calendar clock module RCLK604, instruction programming module OPCMD601, logging modle RECORDER603, execution module EXEC605, electricity spoon read-write encrypt and decrypt module ENCIPHER/DECIPHER606 algorithm secret key and power failure monitoring and data are preserved module DATASAVE608 etc.
Now that the function description of each module and relevant hardware thereof is as follows:
1, watt metering
Watt metering program METER(602) by analog to digital conversion circuit to sampling of electric current and voltage signal and analog to digital conversion, and according to the requirement of regulation and control instruction, calculate meritorious and reactive power, electric degree, power factor etc.
2, real-time calendar clock RCLK(604)
The Program of Calendar Clocks is with the crystal oscillation OSC(209 of single-chip microcomputer in real time) and timing circuit TIMER(208) be benchmark, produce from second, assign to the moon, the real-time calendar clock in year.When grid power blackout, single-chip microcomputer enters the power saving duty.Vibration, timing circuit and the real-time The Program of Calendar Clocks in single-chip microcomputer, other parts all quit work at this moment.Therefore power consumption is minimum, can be under reserve battery to be supported, and the real-time calendar clock of long term maintenance continues operation.
3, electricity spoon data write
Include electricity spoon two-way transfer of data between the computing machine of watt-hour meter and power supply management system of eeprom chip.The computing machine of electric power system and database (610) are purchased electric weight to the user, every power consumption index, and the terminal in each time zone, every record and the instruction of rationing the power supply etc. is write after encryption in the electricity spoon EEPROM of access customer.The user is during with the electricity spoon read-write socket (106) of this electricity spoon insertion ammeter, regulation and control instruction programming module OPCMD(601) will from the electricity spoon go up reading of data and by encryption and decryption module DECIPHER(606) electricity spoon data are decrypted and differentiate.If differentiate errorless, just will new electricity consumption regulation and control instruction and purchase data write memory such as electric weight, write electric spoon behind the electricity consumption recording of encrypted in will show then.So that will send database back to electrographic recording through the electricity spoon.There is the close system of corresponding mirror that the electricity spoon read-write in record data deciphering and discriminating, the ammeter is seen Fig. 7 with the main flow process of enabling decryption of encrypted program in the database of power supply management system (610).Algorithm secret key CIPHERKEY(607 in the ammeter) changes with the interior corresponding key synchronization of database.
4, programmable regulation and control instruction system
From the regulation and control instruction of electricity spoon input ammeter is under the unified management of power supply management database, its content can be provided with flexibly, comprise rising of peak, flat, paddy time zone up to point, divide the time limit power and the value of rationing the power supply, time-shared charge rate etc., and at the various regulation measures that transfinite and different time zone will be taked, major measure has: on-load switch tripping operation and No switching on, change the charging multiplying power, write down the electricity consumption data that transfinite, acousto-optic warning etc.Instruction programming module OPCMD(601) per 15 minutes kinds are according to the regulation and control instruction from the electricity spoon, every record and the control manipulation order that will carry out in next 15 minutes of layout again.Execution module EXEC(605) according to these control manipulation orders and actual electricity consumption record data to on-load switch, liquid crystal digital shows that devices such as sound and light alarm are made corresponding data and operating impulse.
5, show, report to the police
6 liquid crystal digital display screen LCD(110) can show data such as accumulative total power consumption and residue available power, displaying contents can be switched by button (111).Residue available power in ammeter is lower than lower limit, and ammeter fault or electricity spoon read-write make mistakes etc. under the situation, hummer (112) and LED(113) can send sound, light caution signal.
6, calibration
Ammeter is provided with output pulses output socket PHC(116), calibration power/power test instrument of can external calibration using.RV1, RV2 are the potentiometer of adjustment voltage and current channel gain, and RV3, RV4 are the passage zero potentiometer.
Preserve data when 7, having a power failure
DATASAVE(608 in the single-chip microcomputer) module often monitors line voltage, when grid power blackout, this module can perceive and the data that need in the internal memory to preserve be write among the EEPROM of single-chip microcomputer inside, these data can be preserved in long-term (more than 10 years) under the condition that does not rely on any power source, when power system restoration was powered, the start-up routine of single-chip microcomputer write back the data among the built-in EEPROM203 in the internal memory again and goes.
In sum, watt-hour meter of the present utility model can directly be calculated meritorious, idle power and electric degree number from electric current, voltage, and can realize time-shared charge according to regulation and control instruction, timesharing is rationed the power supply, and time-sharing recording gives load controls such as putting available power and electricity consumption writing function.Regulation and control instruction, can be with electrographic recording by electricity spoon or serial communication interface transmission, electricity spoon The data all-key dynamic encryption.Inner another eeprom memory in addition of special-purpose single-chip microcomputer, be used for when grid power blackout, using in the preservation table data such as electrographic recording and regulation and control instruction, can be in long preservation data under the non-powered state, the real-time calendar clock in the single-chip microcomputer provides time reference for every timesharing adjusting function.Rechargeable battery in the table only is used for keeping the operation of real-time clock when grid power blackout.Battery need not changed for many years.Because in circuit design, the improvement of program design and structural design aspect and adopt the special-purpose single-chip microcomputer of high integration is reduced to below half of mechanical watt-hour meter power consumption of equal capacity the power consumption of complete machine, significantly is lower than existing intelligent kilowatt-hour meter; Precision can reach more than 0.5 grade; Used integrated circuit cost and circuit board size all are starkly lower than existing intelligent kilowatt-hour meter.Whole in the ordinary course of things ammeter need not keep in repair.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of electric spoon type intelligent kilowatt-hour meter comprises external storage and installing component that ammeter casing, panel, ammeter movement, user use; The ammeter movement links to each other with panel; The ammeter movement comprises following parts:
One is used for the single-chip microcomputer of watt metering, data storing, load control and data communication;
One is connected on a voltage sensor and the current sensor in the subscriber's line circuit;
One is used for the analog to digital conversion circuit with analog signal digital;
One IO interface; One external storage socket;
One sound and light show circuit, one is used to send the hummer and a light emitting diode of alarm signal;
One is used to realize using the on-load switch of electric control;
One is the ammeter direct current power source supplying power;
It is characterized in that:
A. analog-digital conversion circuit as described is the analog electric current, voltage signal of a direct received current, voltage sensor output and with its digitized analog to digital conversion circuit;
B. described single-chip microcomputer is the digitizing electric current, the voltage signal that receive analog to digital conversion circuit output, and, especially adopt the data processor of SMART36020 model directly by its data processor that calculates meritorious, reactive power and electric degree number and have error correcting function;
C. described external storage is one " the electricity spoon " that have the EEPROM semi-conductor chip of serial read-write interface and take hermetically-sealed construction.
2, electric spoon type intelligent kilowatt-hour meter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: single-chip microcomputer is provided with the built-in eeprom memory of preserving the data in the watt-hour meter and have calibration curve when grid power blackout.
3, electric spoon type intelligent kilowatt-hour meter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the semi-conductor chip in the described electricity spoon is positioned on the inner circuit board of electricity spoon, and circuit board and chip plastic compression form seal in plastic casing; Each input, output terminal, ground terminal and the power supply of chip is connected by being exposed at seal conducting terminal outward on lead-in wire and the board edge.
4, according to claim 1,3 described electric spoon type intelligent kilowatt-hour meters, it is characterized in that: described external storage socket is a socket that can rotate under the electricity spoon drives, the conductive contact pin that can electrically contact with the conducting terminal of described electricity spoon is equipped with in its inside, and the orientation of conductive contact pin and socket differs 90 degree.
5, electric spoon type intelligent kilowatt-hour meter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: have in the described single-chip microcomputer input and output and record data are encrypted so that data contain the all-key dynamic encryption module of mutual check checking computations information.
6, electric spoon type intelligent kilowatt-hour meter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described on-load switch is the bipolarity air switch that is provided with breaking coil in, described single-chip microcomputer is by the electric current in the driving transistors control breaking coil, with the break-make of control circuit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92209607 CN2147545Y (en) | 1992-05-15 | 1992-05-15 | Electric spoon type intelligent electric power meter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92209607 CN2147545Y (en) | 1992-05-15 | 1992-05-15 | Electric spoon type intelligent electric power meter |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2147545Y true CN2147545Y (en) | 1993-11-24 |
Family
ID=33762797
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92209607 Expired - Fee Related CN2147545Y (en) | 1992-05-15 | 1992-05-15 | Electric spoon type intelligent electric power meter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN2147545Y (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102338820A (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-02-01 | 杭州炬华科技股份有限公司 | Active-reactive three-phase four-wire electric energy meter |
| CN103675442A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-03-26 | 龙霏 | Household green power utilization indicating device and achieving method |
| CN105424088A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-03-23 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Internet-of-things-based distribution room monitoring system |
-
1992
- 1992-05-15 CN CN 92209607 patent/CN2147545Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102338820A (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-02-01 | 杭州炬华科技股份有限公司 | Active-reactive three-phase four-wire electric energy meter |
| CN103675442A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-03-26 | 龙霏 | Household green power utilization indicating device and achieving method |
| CN105424088A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-03-23 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Internet-of-things-based distribution room monitoring system |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |