CN214735577U - High-temperature rotating bed biomass full-gasification furnace - Google Patents
High-temperature rotating bed biomass full-gasification furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN214735577U CN214735577U CN202121113664.0U CN202121113664U CN214735577U CN 214735577 U CN214735577 U CN 214735577U CN 202121113664 U CN202121113664 U CN 202121113664U CN 214735577 U CN214735577 U CN 214735577U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a high temperature rotary bed biomass full gasification furnace, including the gasifier body, unloader, the material loading machine, rotatory ash tray, water seal arrangement, scrape the sediment blade, slag discharging blade and grate, unloader's lower part stretches into in the gasifier body, one side of gasifier body is equipped with the material loading machine, the air vent is densely covered to the unloader lower part, gasifier body lower part center department installs the grate, grate upper portion is circular cone casing form, the lower part of grate is cylindric, the air vent is densely covered to the part of the upper portion circular cone casing of grate, the grate is fixed with in the slope of the outside of every air vent downwards and hides grey sediment sword of scraping, the grate passes through cylindric lateral wall and fixes on the gear wheel, the gear wheel is located the central below of gasifier body, the gear wheel pinion meshing, the pinion is installed on the output shaft of speed reducer, the speed reducer is connected with the motor; an air inlet chamber is welded on the inner side wall of a cylinder at the lower part of the grate, an opening at the center of the bottom of the air inlet chamber is connected with a water seal device, and a rotary ash tray is fixed on the outer side of the upper surface of a large gear.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a biomass gasification stove technical field specifically is a high temperature revolving bed living beings full gasification stove.
Background
At present, biomass gasification furnaces in the market are generally medium-low temperature gasification furnaces, the gasification temperature is low, and the temperature of a gasification layer is uneven. Therefore, gasification of gasified materials is not uniform, part of the materials are over-temperature coked, the gasification temperature of part of the materials is insufficient, the materials cannot be effectively gasified in time and discharged as waste residues, and the material waste and the gasification efficiency are low; the gasification material has high requirement, waste biomass waste containing cement, iron nails and high water content, such as building waste templates and the like, can not be used, and only pure wood chips, low water content and other materials can be used; the gasification production process is slow to start, and the temperature and pressure raising speed of the matched gas equipment is slow, so that the requirement of rapid start, temperature rise and pressure rise of energy equipment is restricted; the concentration of dust particles mixed in the gasified fuel gas is high, and the gasified fuel gas contains much condensate and tar, so that tar residues of subsequent combustion equipment and the tail gas needs to be subjected to dust removal treatment. The slag discharged after gasification contains much residual carbon and much combustible carbon, so that the heat loss of materials and the difficulty in waste residue treatment are caused, the slag discharge of pure ash cannot be realized, and the conversion rate of heat energy of raw materials is low.
Above in the biomass gasification stove on the market, most be half gasifier, still contain a large amount of dust particulate matters in the gas that produces promptly, the subsequent combustion heat transfer system must take environmental protection treatment measure and can realize that tail gas emission to reach standard. The partial gasification furnace products can basically realize full gasification production, namely, after the produced fuel gas is used by a subsequent combustion system, the produced fuel gas does not need any environmental protection treatment measures, but has the defects of low gasification efficiency and great material waste.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The technical insufficiency exists, the utility model aims to provide a high-temperature rotary bed biomass full gasification furnace to solve the problem provided in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a high-temperature rotary bed biomass full gasification furnace, which comprises a gasification furnace body, a blanking device, a feeding machine, a rotary ash tray, a slideway, a water seal device, a slag scraping blade, a slag discharging blade and a fire grate, wherein a feeding hopper is arranged above the gasification furnace body;
the device comprises a feeding device, a gasification furnace body, a screen mesh, air vents, an ash blocking plate, a wire mesh demister, a feeding device and a gasification furnace body, wherein the feeding device is in a horn cylinder shape with a narrow top and a wide bottom;
the gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace body, a furnace grate, a speed reducer, a plurality of air vents, a plurality of ash-blocking slag-scraping knives, a plurality of small gears, a plurality of ash-blocking slag-scraping knives, a plurality of ash-blocking knives, a plurality of small gears and a plurality of small gears, wherein the furnace grate is arranged at the center of the lower part of the gasification furnace body, the upper part of the furnace grate is in the shape of a conical shell, the lower part of the furnace grate is in the shape of a cylinder, the air vents are densely distributed at the part of the conical shell at the upper part of the furnace grate, the furnace grate is obliquely and downwards fixed at the outer side of each air vent, the furnace grate is fixed on the large gear through the cylindrical side wall, the large gear is positioned below the center of the gasification furnace body, the large gear is meshed with the small gear at one side of the gasification furnace body, the small gear is arranged on an output shaft of the speed reducer, and the speed reducer is connected with a motor;
an air inlet chamber is welded on the inner side wall of the lower cylinder of the grate, the air inlet chamber is in a horn shape with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, an opening in the center of the bottom of the air inlet chamber is connected with a water seal device, and water is arranged in the water seal device; the outer side of the water seal device is fixed in a central hole of the large gear, an air inlet pipe is vertically sleeved in the water seal device and is fixed on a foundation, and an air inlet is formed in one side of the lower part of the air inlet pipe;
a gap is reserved between the fire grate and the side wall of the gasification furnace body, a slag discharging section anti-abrasion sheet is circumferentially arranged between the bottom of the gasification furnace body and the fire grate, and the slag discharging section anti-abrasion sheet is welded on the inner wall of the gasification furnace body.
The rotary ash tray is fixed on the outer side of the upper surface of the large gear, the top of the rotary ash tray is higher than the bottom of the gasification furnace body by a certain distance, the aperture of the rotary ash tray is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and ash tray anti-abrasion sheets are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the inner side wall of the rotary ash tray. The rotary ash tray and the slag discharging section of the outer cavity at the bottom of the gasification furnace body are provided with a plurality of L-shaped inner cylinder slag scraping blades, the slag scraping blades are fixed at the inner side of the bottom of the gasification furnace body and have a gap with a bottom plate of the rotary ash tray, the slag discharging blades are spirally arranged at the slag discharging section of the outer cavity at the bottom of the gasification furnace body and are arranged at the outer side of the bottom of the gasification furnace body, and a gap is reserved between the slag discharging blades and the rotary ash tray;
the side wall of the gasification furnace body is provided with four gas outlet devices on the upper circumference of the wire mesh, the gasification furnace body is respectively fixed with an explosion-proof water seal below the four gas outlet devices, the four explosion-proof water seals and the gas outlet devices above the four explosion-proof water seals are respectively communicated with a gas outlet pipe device at the top of the gasification furnace body, the adjacent explosion-proof water seals are communicated through water pipes, and the four explosion-proof water seals are filled with water; and a gas main pipe is arranged on the gas outlet pipe device in an upward inclining manner.
Preferably, the circumference of the middle part of the outer side wall of the gasification furnace body is provided with a fixed support lug, and the gasification furnace body is fixed on the support through the fixed support lug.
Preferably, the feeder is a chain plate type feeder driven by a chain wheel. The silk screen adopts stainless steel material.
Preferably, hide the ash and scrape sediment sword and form by two triangle-shaped plate body coupling, the contained angle between two triangle-shaped plates is not more than 120, hide the ash and scrape the slope of the opening part of sediment sword downwards, hide grey effectual.
Preferably, a bottom plate is symmetrically arranged below the large gear, circular slideways are symmetrically arranged on the lower surface of the large gear and the upper surface of the bottom plate, and a plurality of steel balls are arranged in the slideways; the bottom plate is fixed on the ground through the supporting legs arranged on the circumference.
Preferably, the top of gasifier body is sealed through the water-cooling top cap, the water-cooling top cap is the basin formula, the top of gasifier body is equipped with perpendicularly and is used for the dome lamp device that the gas diffuses.
Preferably, the upper part and the lower part of the gasification furnace body are respectively provided with a temperature measuring instrument for respectively detecting the temperature of the furnace top gas outlet layer and the furnace bottom gasification layer;
preferably, the gasification furnace body is provided with an air pressure detection device at the inlet of the gas outlet device, and an air pressure detection device is also arranged above the gas outlet device header pipe;
preferably, a level indicator device is arranged on the blanking device, and the level indicator device is a rotary resistance type level switch device.
Preferably, the gasification furnace body adopts a water-cooling jacket type gasification furnace body, circulating water is continuously introduced into the water-cooling jacket, and a circulating water inlet and a circulating water outlet are formed. And one side of the lower part of the gasification furnace body is provided with an access hole, so that the gasification furnace is convenient to maintain and inspect.
With the utility model discloses supporting combustion apparatus of gasifier, including steam boiler, leading adiabatic furnace structure is all taken to organic heat carrier stove, drying-machine hot-blast furnace etc. and split type structure is taken to the combustor, disposes and helps oxygen air-blower, flame monitor, high-pressure electron point firearm, combustion-supporting ignition liquefied gas, electromagnetism valves and program control logic.
The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that:
the utility model has the advantages of overcome all shortcomings and not enough of biomass gasification stove product on above-mentioned market, can realize high-efficient, the clean gas of the conversion into of safety and environmental protection with various industry and agriculture abandonment living beings solid materials. The biomass gasification furnace of the utility model is creative in the following aspects:
1. the fire grate is made of high-temperature resistant steel, and the structure of the fire grate adopts a unique high air distribution rate mode of densely distributing holes with small hole diameters. The structure promotes the gasification layer of the gasification furnace to distribute air uniformly and the temperature of the gasification layer to be uniform. On the premise of the same gasification strength, the materials in the whole gasification layer can be gasified at high temperature, so that the gasification speed of the materials is high, and the gasification efficiency is high; the unique high-temperature-resistant air distribution grate is matched with a triangular 'air-shielding-slag-scraping' integral ash-shielding slag-scraping knife structure, so that the problem that local materials are coked and blocked due to the melting of over-temperature ash is avoided, and the problem that the local materials are not completely gasified is avoided. Thereby improving the gasification efficiency of the gasification furnace and greatly reducing the waste of gasification materials.
2. The unique bowl-shaped water-cooling slag quenching rotary ash tray is adopted, and the inner cavity and the outer cavity of the water-cooling type slag quenching rotary ash tray are provided with the slag scraping knives in a special structure, so that ash residues with different shapes and particle sizes of gasification residues can be discharged, small iron pieces mixed in materials, cement blocks, coke blocks in the gasification process and the like can be discharged, slag discharging is smooth and free, and the technical breakthrough is realized for continuous discharge of waste residues with complex components in the production of a gasification furnace. The technology guarantee can be realized for gasifying production by using 'coarse grains' containing cement blocks, small iron parts, high-moisture waste biomass materials and the like.
3. The air distribution of the high-temperature resistant grate gasification layer is uniform, the production starting gas production speed is high, and the production requirement of quickly starting ignition, raising temperature and boosting pressure is realized.
4. The gasification furnace body adopts a high-temperature section water-cooling jacket structure, the gasification furnace body adopts a slender structure with the length/diameter ratio of 2.0-2.5, the flow of the gasified fuel gas in the furnace is lengthened, the contact time of the gasified fuel gas and the material entering the furnace is increased, and the solid material entering the furnace and the gasified fuel gas exchange heat reversely, so that the material entering the furnace absorbs the heat of the gasified fuel gas to realize the drying, cracking and reducing reaction processes of gasification. The reverse heat exchange also realizes the function of intercepting gas dust by solid materials, thereby effectively reducing the gas temperature and the dust content of the gas, and realizing the functions of automatic cooling, automatic dust removal and automatic tar condensation of the gas in the process of producing the gas.
5. The blanking device on the furnace top adopts a stainless steel horn-shaped cylinder structure with a small top and a big bottom, the lower part of the blanking device is provided with densely distributed air outlets and ash shielding plates, the gas state gas which moves upwards and the solid state raw material which moves downwards can be automatically and effectively separated in the heat exchange process, the output gas is free of dust and impurities, and the purpose of completely separating the gas state from the solid state which is the standard of clean gas is achieved.
6. A stainless steel support used for supporting a wire mesh demister is designed between the lower portion of the discharging device and the furnace body, a stainless steel wire mesh used for filtering tar, condensate and dust is placed on the support, ash content and liquid content of gasified gas are effectively removed, and the purpose of outputting clean gas is achieved.
7. The wind shielding structure at the ventilation port of the rotary grate adopts a unique triangular integrated structure of wind shielding and slag scraping, thereby effectively preventing ash from falling into the air distribution chamber, scraping gasified residues into the ash tray and realizing the 'gas state-solid state' complete separation technical function of biomass raw material gasification production. The low rotational speed of design, the rotatory ash tray of big moment of torsion, rotatory ash tray design have the broken burnt sediment of positive and negative rotation and the operational function who slags tap, avoid the too high coking problem of gasification layer local temperature to can effectively adjust gasification layer temperature and tend to balanced even, realize biomass raw materials fully gasify, complete gasification, the function of sediment is arranged to the pure ash residue of incomplete carbon, very big improvement biomass raw materials's gasification efficiency, reduce the material waste that the gasification is incomplete to cause.
8. The biomass gasification materials are not limited, and comprise building waste templates and packaging waste wood containing hard impurities such as cement, iron nails and the like, waste tires and waste plastics, waste agricultural production sun-dried straws, forestry processed dried barks, wood flour and sawdust, food processed edible fungus residues, low-moisture bagasse and pericarp, traditional Chinese medicine residues of pharmaceutical factories, waste tobacco stems of tobacco factories and the like. Can be put into a furnace for pyrolysis and gasification, the waste residue is separated, and combustible mixed clean fuel gas is output and supplied to combustion equipment for use as fuel. The output mixed gasified fuel gas contains a certain amount of condensate and tar mixture, therefore, the matched combustion equipment is designed with a heat-insulating preposed hearth, because the combustion equipment is designed to be sealed and heat-insulating, the combustion temperature can be up to over 1200 ℃, the tar can be completely combusted into harmless waste gas, and the condensate is completely evaporated and discharged up to the standard along with the waste flue gas;
9. the gasification process is safe and reliable because the furnace body is provided with the water-cooled jacket, the furnace body does not generate overtemperature deformation to influence the structure safety, and the heat removed by the water-cooled jacket can be supplied to a steam boiler without heat loss.
10. The four-hole type 'gas outlet-explosion-proof-oil removal' integral furnace top gas outlet device not only ensures that the gas generated by the gasification furnace is uniform, and the temperature field of the gasification layer is uniform, but also can effectively prevent the problems that the equipment is not damaged in time by the pressure relief of the furnace internal explosion furnace and the personal safety is endangered when the production is abnormal, and ensure the absolute safety of the production process.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a high-temperature rotary bed biomass full-gasification furnace provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a perspective view of a high-temperature rotary bed biomass full-gasification furnace provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of part A in FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the middle ash-shielding slag scraping knife of the utility model.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the middle slag discharging blade of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a gasification furnace body; 2-a blanking device; 3-feeding machine; 4-a discharge valve; 5-a ceiling light device; 6-rotating the ash pan; 7-a bull gear; 71-pinion gear; 8-a slideway; 9-water seal device; 10-ash-shielding and slag-scraping knife; 11-a slag scraping blade; 12-a tapping blade; 13-water-cooling the top cover; 14-a grate; 15-gas outlet device; 16-an outlet pipe means; 17-a gas main; 18-a temperature measuring instrument; 19-air pressure detection means; 20-a level gauge device; 21-a motor; 22-a base plate; 23-a leg; 24-fixed lugs; 25-a feed hopper; 26-an air inlet chamber; 27-slag section wear prevention sheet; 28-a speed reducer; 29-ash pan wear prevention sheet; 30-manhole; 31-a screen; 32-explosion-proof water seal.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1-5, the utility model provides a high-temperature rotary bed biomass full gasification furnace, which comprises a gasification furnace body 1, a blanking device 2, a feeding machine 3, a rotary ash tray 6, a slideway 8, a water seal device 9, a slag scraping blade 11, a slag discharging blade 12 and a fire grate 14, wherein the circumference of the middle part of the outer side wall of the gasification furnace body 1 is provided with 4 fixed support lugs 24, the gasification furnace body 1 is fixed on a bracket (not shown in the figure) through the fixed support lugs 24, a feeding hopper 25 is arranged above the gasification furnace body 1, the bottom of the feeding hopper 25 is communicated with the inlet at the top of the blanking device 2 through a discharging valve 4, the lower part of the blanking device 2 extends into the gasification furnace body 1, one side of the gasification furnace body 1 is provided with the feeding machine 3, the feeding machine 3 is a chain plate type feeding machine driven by a chain wheel, the feeding hopper 25 is positioned below the discharging part of the feeding machine 3, the raw materials are upwards conveyed from the lower part through the feeding machine 3, conveyed to the uppermost part and then fall into the feeding hopper 25, the discharge valve 4 is opened, the discharging (namely feeding) to the furnace is started, and after the furnace is fully charged, the discharge valve 4 stops discharging.
the gasification furnace body 1 lower part center department installs grate 14, grate 14 upper portion is the conical shell body form, the lower part of grate 14 is cylindricly, the part of the conical shell body of upper portion of grate 14 gathers the air vent (not marking out in the figure), grate 14 is fixed with downwards in the slope of the outside of every air vent and hides grey sediment sword 10 of scraping, hide grey sediment sword 10 of scraping and be formed by two triangle-shaped plate body coupling, the contained angle between two triangle-shaped plates is not more than 120, hide the slope of the opening part that grey sediment sword 10 of scraping is downward, hide grey effectual. The fire grate 14 is fixed on a large gear 7 through a cylindrical side wall, the large gear 7 is positioned below the center of the gasification furnace body 1, the large gear 7 is meshed with a small gear 71 on one side of the gasification furnace body 1, the small gear 71 is arranged on an output shaft of a speed reducer 28, and the speed reducer is connected with a motor 21; when the fire grate works, the motor 21 drives the speed reducer 28 to rotate, the speed reducer 28 drives the pinion 71 to rotate, the pinion 71 drives the bull gear 7 to rotate, and the bull gear drives the fire grate 14 and the air inlet chamber 26 to rotate.
A bottom plate 22 is symmetrically arranged below the large gear 7, circular slideways 8 are symmetrically arranged on the lower surface of the large gear 7 and the upper surface of the bottom plate 22, and a plurality of steel balls (not shown in the figure) are arranged in the slideways 8; the bottom plate 22 is fixed on the ground through the support legs 23 arranged circumferentially;
an air inlet chamber 26 is welded on the inner side wall of a cylinder at the lower part of the grate 14, the air inlet chamber 26 is in a horn shape with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, an opening at the center of the bottom of the air inlet chamber 26 is connected with a water seal device 9 through a flange, water is injected into the water seal device 9, the water seal device adopts the prior art and is not described again; the outer side of the water seal device 9 is fixed in a central hole of the large gear 7, an air inlet pipe (not shown in the figure) is vertically sleeved in the water seal device 9, the air inlet pipe is fixed on a foundation, and one side of the lower part of the air inlet pipe is provided with an air inlet;
gaps exist between the fire grate 14 and the side wall of the gasification furnace body 1, a slag discharging section anti-abrasion sheet 27 is circumferentially arranged between the bottom of the gasification furnace body 1 and the fire grate 14, and the slag discharging section anti-abrasion sheet 27 is welded on the inner wall of the gasification furnace body 1.
The outer side of the upper surface of the large gear 7 is fixedly provided with a rotary ash disc 6, the top of the rotary ash disc 6 is higher than the bottom of the gasification furnace body 1 by a certain distance, the aperture of the rotary ash disc 6 is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and ash disc wear-resistant sheets 29 are uniformly distributed on the inner side wall of the rotary ash disc 6 in the circumferential direction. A plurality of L-shaped inner cylinder slag scraping blades 11 are arranged on the circumferences of the rotary ash tray 6 and the slag discharging section of the inner cavity at the bottom of the gasification furnace body 1, the slag scraping blades 11 are fixed on the inner side of the bottom of the gasification furnace body and have a gap with the bottom plate of the rotary ash tray 6, the rotary ash tray 6 and the slag discharging section of the outer cavity at the bottom of the gasification furnace body 1 are provided with a spirally-installed slag discharging blade 12, and the slag discharging blade 12 is installed on the outer side of the bottom of the gasification furnace body 1 and has a gap with the rotary ash tray 6; the slag discharging blade 12 is spirally arranged, so that ash at the bottom of the rotary ash tray 6 falls into the slag, and is spirally discharged when rotating;
four gas outlet devices 15 are circumferentially arranged on the side wall of the gasification furnace body 1 above the wire mesh 31, an explosion-proof water seal 32 is respectively fixed below the four gas outlet devices 15 on the gasification furnace body 1, the four explosion-proof water seals 32 and the gas outlet devices 15 above the four explosion-proof water seals 32 are respectively communicated with a gas outlet pipe device 16 on the top of the gasification furnace body 1, adjacent explosion-proof water seals 32 are communicated through a water pipe, and the four explosion-proof water seals are filled with water; the gas outlet pipe device 16 is provided with a gas main pipe 17 in an upward inclined manner, so that tar can automatically flow back while gas is output.
The top of gasifier body 1 is sealed through water-cooling top cap 13, water-cooling top cap 13 is the basin formula, fills with water in the basin, the top of gasifier body 1 is equipped with perpendicularly and is used for the dome lamp device 5 that the gas diffuses.
The upper part and the lower part of the gasification furnace body 1 are respectively provided with a temperature measuring instrument 18 for respectively detecting the temperature of the furnace top gas outlet layer and the furnace bottom gasification layer;
the gasification furnace body 1 is provided with an air pressure detection device 19 at the outlet of the gas outlet device 15, and the air pressure detection device 19 is also arranged above the gas outlet device 15;
the blanking device 2 is provided with a material level indicator device 20, and the material level indicator device 20 is a rotary resistance type material level switch device.
The gasification furnace body 1 adopts a water-cooling jacket type gasification furnace body. And one side of the lower part of the gasification furnace body 1 is provided with an access hole 30, so that the maintenance and inspection are convenient.
With the utility model discloses supporting combustion apparatus of gasifier, including containing steam boiler, leading adiabatic furnace structure is all taken to organic heat carrier stove, drying-machine hot-blast furnace etc. and split type structure is taken to the combustor, disposes and helps oxygen air-blower, flame monitor, high-pressure electronic point firearm, combustion-supporting ignition liquefied gas, electromagnetism valves and program control logic.
The utility model adopts a high-temperature updraught type 'material-gas reverse heat exchange' cracking gasification technology; a stainless steel grate structure which is independently researched and developed is combined; the fire grate air distribution structure adopts a high air distribution rate structure of small-aperture dense air distribution; the ash-shielding slag scraping knife at the ventilation opening of the fire grate adopts a triangular 'wind-shielding-slag scraping' integrated structure; the high-temperature section of the furnace body adopts a water-cooling jacket structure; the furnace body structure is designed into a slender structure with a larger length/diameter ratio; the gas outlet on the side surface of the furnace top is designed into an integrated four-hole structure of air outlet, explosion prevention and oil removal; the gasifier gas outlet pipe device adopts a 4-2-1 structure, namely a uniform gas outlet structure with four outlets connected with two converging pipes and finally converging into a gas main pipe; the main gas pipe adopts a tar self-refluxing arrangement structure which inclines about 5% to the side of the furnace body; the monitoring of the bottom gasification layer adopts a plurality of temperature measuring points, the monitoring of the temperature of ignition gas, the monitoring of the bottom inlet air pressure of the gasification furnace and the monitoring of the outlet negative pressure value of the top gas are adopted in the outlet layer of the furnace top. The gasifier blanking device adopts two rotary resistance type level meters to monitor the height of materials in the gasifier; the ash slag is discharged in a bowl-shaped water-cooling rotary ash tray structure; the rotary ash tray for discharging the slag and the air distribution gasification grate are of an integrated rotary structure; the slag discharging section of the ash tray and the inner cavity at the bottom of the furnace body adopts a four-point L-shaped slag scraping knife slag discharging structure; the slag discharging section of the rotary ash tray and the outer cavity at the bottom of the furnace body adopts a structure of a large curved knife type spirally mounted slag discharging blade; the furnace top blanking device adopts a sealed discharge valve with large diameter, low rotating speed and large torque;
the furnace top is provided with a gas emergency diffusion dome lamp device under abnormal conditions; the furnace top adopts a water tank type water-cooling top cover structure; the gas conveying pipeline adopts a stainless steel gas conveying pipe with large pipe diameter and thin wall thickness; the gas conveying equipment adopts stainless steel, and the shaft seal is a mechanical seal centrifugal gas fan; the gas delivery valve group adopts a structure of two pneumatic valves and one electric adjusting valve group and is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the gas fan; a gas pressure detection and an oxygen content detection are arranged on an outlet pipeline of the gas fan;
this patent can realize:
1. the biomass gasification materials are not limited, and comprise building waste templates and packaging waste wood containing hard impurities such as cement, iron nails and the like, waste tires and waste plastics, waste agricultural production sun-dried straws, forestry processed dried barks and wood powder sawdust, food processed edible fungus residues, low-moisture bagasse and pericarps, traditional Chinese medicine residues of pharmaceutical factories, tobacco waste stalks of tobacco factories and the like. Can be put into a furnace for pyrolysis and gasification, the waste residue is separated, and combustible mixed clean fuel gas is output and supplied to combustion equipment for use as fuel. The output mixed gasified fuel gas contains a certain amount of condensate and tar mixture, therefore, the matched combustion equipment is provided with a heat-insulating front-mounted hearth, because the combustion equipment is designed to be sealed and heat-insulating, the combustion temperature can be up to over 1200 ℃, the tar can be completely combusted into harmless waste gas, and the condensate is completely evaporated and discharged along with the waste flue gas up to the standard;
2. the gasification process is safe and reliable in production because the furnace body is provided with the water-cooled jacket, no overtemperature deformation influence is generated, and heat removed by the water-cooled jacket can be supplied to a steam boiler without heat loss.
3. The four-hole gas outlet-explosion-proof oil removal integrated furnace top gas outlet device not only ensures that the gas generated by the gasification furnace is uniform, and the temperature field of the gasification layer is uniform, but also can effectively prevent the problems that the pressure relief of the furnace implosion furnace is not timely damaged and the personal safety is endangered when the production is abnormal, and ensure the safety of the production process.
4. The rotary fire grate made of high-temperature resistant steel and the unique high air distribution rate structure of small-aperture dense hole distribution promote the uniform air distribution of the gasification layer of the gasification furnace, the uniform temperature of the gasification layer, the high gasification speed of materials in the furnace and the high gasification efficiency; the unique triangular 'wind-shielding-slag-scraping' integral grate ventilation opening dust-shielding slag-scraping knife not only has the function of preventing ash from falling into an air distribution chamber, but also has the functions of crushing coking and scraping slag, avoids the problem of uneven air outlet caused by blockage of an air outlet hole due to over-temperature coking at the part of the grate, and solves the technical problem of incomplete gasification of local materials. Therefore, the gasification efficiency of the gasification furnace is greatly improved, and the utilization rate of biomass gasification gas resources is improved.
5. The unique bowl-shaped water-cooling slag quenching rotary ash tray is adopted, and the inner cavity and the outer cavity of the water-cooling type slag quenching rotary ash tray are provided with the slag scraping knives in a special structure, so that ash residues with different shapes and particle sizes of gasification residues can be discharged, small iron pieces mixed in materials, cement blocks, coke blocks in the gasification process and the like can be discharged, slag discharging is smooth and free, and the technical breakthrough is realized for continuous discharge of waste residues with complex components in the production of a gasification furnace. The technology guarantee that the coarse grain containing cement, small iron pieces, high-moisture waste biomass materials and the like can be used for gasification production.
6. The grate adopts a high air distribution rate structure of small-aperture dense hole distribution, so that air distribution of a gasification layer is uniform, the production starting gas production speed is high, the production requirement of quickly starting ignition, temperature rise and pressure rise is realized, and the ignition, starting, temperature rise and pressure rise speed is almost the same as that of burning natural gas. In the production process, the load speed is increased very quickly, and the unique triangular air-shielding and slag-scraping integrated grate ventilation opening ash-shielding slag-scraping knife is mainly designed, and the protruded triangular sharp corner has the function of crushing high-temperature ash slag melting coke blocks, so that the melted and softened coke blocks are crushed into small blocks before being cooled and hardened, and can be smoothly discharged. Therefore, the utility model can gasify the materials at high temperature, is suitable for the production of various materials with low ash fusion point, can gasify the materials at high temperature with the highest gasification temperature of more than 900 ℃, and can produce the materials with ash fusion points of only 800 ℃ far exceeding the part; the production process is not afraid of high-temperature coking to influence the production, and products with low efficiency of the medium-low temperature gasification furnace in the market are completely eliminated. Because high-temperature gasification can be carried out, the gasification speed is high, and the load is increased quickly.
7. The gasification furnace body structure adopts a slender structure with the length/diameter ratio of more than 2.0, the flow of gasification gas in the furnace is lengthened, the contact time of the gasification gas and the materials entering the furnace is prolonged, and the solid materials entering the furnace and the gasification gas perform reverse heat exchange, so that the materials entering the furnace absorb the heat of the gasification gas to realize the drying, cracking and reduction reaction processes of gasification. High-temperature fuel gas exchanges heat with cold materials entering the furnace through reverse flow in the gasification process, the temperature of the fuel gas at about 800 ℃ is reduced to about 80 ℃, and the lower temperature of the fuel gas is beneficial to conveying to combustion equipment and the safety in the conveying process; the reverse heat exchange also realizes the function of intercepting gas dust by solid materials, thereby effectively reducing the gas temperature and the dust content of the gas, and realizing the functions of automatic cooling, automatic dust removal and automatic tar condensation of the gas in the process of producing the gas. The reverse heat exchange of materials and fuel gas is combined with the horn-shaped cylinder blanking device with the top of the furnace being small at the top and big at the bottom, so that the gas-state fuel gas moving upwards and the solid-state raw material moving downwards can be effectively isolated, the output fuel gas is less entrained with dust or the dust in the fuel gas is completely filtered, the purpose of completely separating the gas state from the solid state of the output clean fuel gas standard is achieved, and the gasifier is a true full gasifier.
8. The temperature-resistant steel grate structure and the unique triangular integrated ash-shielding and slag-scraping knife can uniformly transfer gasified residues into the ash tray, avoid bridging and material collapse of the gasification material furnace, and ensure the safety, continuity and material inlet and outlet balance of the gasification production process.
9. Grate and water-cooling put out rotatory ash tray monolithic structure of sediment, the slag discharging device design is low rotational speed, the rotatory ash tray of big moment of torsion, rotatory ash tray design is the operational function that can just reverse broken coke piece and slag tap, avoid the too high coking piece of gasification layer local temperature to block up the exhaust vent problem, and can effectively adjust gasification layer temperature trend balanced even, realize that biomass raw materials fully gasifies, totally gasify, the pure ash does not have the purpose of incomplete carbon residue row sediment, very big improvement biomass raw materials's gasification efficiency, the material waste that furthest's reduction gasification is incomplete causes.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A high-temperature rotary bed biomass full-gasification furnace is characterized by comprising a gasification furnace body, a blanking device, a feeding machine, a rotary ash tray, a water seal device, a slag scraping blade, a slag discharging blade and a grate, wherein a feeding hopper is arranged above the gasification furnace body, the bottom of the feeding hopper is communicated with an inlet at the top of the blanking device through a discharging valve, the lower part of the blanking device extends into the gasification furnace body, the feeding machine is arranged on one side of the gasification furnace body, and the feeding hopper is positioned below the discharging position of the feeding machine;
the device comprises a feeding device, a gasification furnace body, a screen mesh, air vents, an ash blocking plate, a wire mesh demister, a feeding device and a gasification furnace body, wherein the feeding device is in a horn cylinder shape with a narrow top and a wide bottom;
the gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace body, a furnace grate, a speed reducer, a plurality of air vents, a plurality of ash-blocking slag-scraping knives, a plurality of small gears, a plurality of ash-blocking slag-scraping knives, a plurality of ash-blocking knives, a plurality of small gears and a plurality of small gears, wherein the furnace grate is arranged at the center of the lower part of the gasification furnace body, the upper part of the furnace grate is in the shape of a conical shell, the lower part of the furnace grate is in the shape of a cylinder, the air vents are densely distributed at the part of the conical shell at the upper part of the furnace grate, the furnace grate is obliquely and downwards fixed at the outer side of each air vent, the furnace grate is fixed on the large gear through the cylindrical side wall, the large gear is positioned below the center of the gasification furnace body, the large gear is meshed with the small gear at one side of the gasification furnace body, the small gear is arranged on an output shaft of the speed reducer, and the speed reducer is connected with a motor;
an air inlet chamber is welded on the inner side wall of the lower cylinder of the grate, the air inlet chamber is in a horn shape with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, an opening in the center of the bottom of the air inlet chamber is connected with a water seal device, and water is arranged in the water seal device; the outer side of the water seal device is fixed in a central hole of the large gear, an air inlet pipe is vertically sleeved in the water seal device and is fixed on a foundation, and an air inlet is formed in one side of the lower part of the air inlet pipe;
a gap is formed between the fire grate and the side wall of the gasification furnace body, a slag discharging section anti-abrasion sheet is circumferentially arranged between the bottom of the gasification furnace body and the fire grate, and the slag discharging section anti-abrasion sheet is welded on the inner wall of the gasification furnace body;
a rotary ash tray is fixed on the outer side of the upper surface of the large gear, the top of the rotary ash tray is higher than the bottom of the gasification furnace body by a certain distance, the aperture of the rotary ash tray is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and ash tray anti-abrasion sheets are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the inner side wall of the rotary ash tray; the rotary ash tray and the slag discharging section of the outer cavity at the bottom of the gasification furnace body are provided with a plurality of L-shaped inner cylinder slag scraping blades, the slag scraping blades are fixed at the inner side of the bottom of the gasification furnace body and have a gap with a bottom plate of the rotary ash tray, the slag discharging blades are spirally arranged at the slag discharging section of the outer cavity at the bottom of the gasification furnace body and are arranged at the outer side of the bottom of the gasification furnace body, and a gap is reserved between the slag discharging blades and the rotary ash tray;
the side wall of the gasification furnace body is provided with four gas outlet devices on the upper circumference of the wire mesh, the gasification furnace body is respectively fixed with an explosion-proof water seal below the four gas outlet devices, the four explosion-proof water seals and the gas outlet devices above the explosion-proof water seals are respectively communicated with a gas outlet pipe device at the top of the gasification furnace body, adjacent explosion-proof water seals are communicated through a water pipe, and the four explosion-proof water seals are filled with water; and a gas main pipe is arranged on the gas outlet pipe device in an upward inclining manner.
2. The high-temperature rotating bed biomass full-gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein a fixed support lug is arranged on the circumference of the middle part of the outer side wall of the gasification furnace body, and the gasification furnace body is fixed on the bracket through the fixed support lug.
3. The high-temperature rotating bed biomass full-gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the feeder is a chain plate type feeder driven by a chain wheel; the silk screen adopts stainless steel material.
4. The high-temperature rotating bed biomass full-gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the ash-shielding slag-scraping knife is formed by integrally connecting two triangular plates, the included angle between the two triangular plates is not more than 120 degrees, and the opening of the ash-shielding slag-scraping knife is inclined downwards.
5. The biomass full-gasification furnace of claim 1, wherein a bottom plate is symmetrically arranged below the large gear, circular slideways are symmetrically arranged on the lower surface of the large gear and the upper surface of the bottom plate, and a plurality of steel balls are arranged in the slideways; the bottom plate is fixed on the ground through the supporting legs arranged on the circumference.
6. The high-temperature rotary bed biomass full-gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the top of the gasification furnace body is sealed by a water-cooled top cover, the water-cooled top cover is of a water tank type, and a ceiling lamp device for gas emission is vertically arranged at the top of the gasification furnace body.
7. The high-temperature rotary bed biomass full-gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the upper part and the lower part of the gasification furnace body are respectively provided with a temperature measuring instrument for respectively detecting the temperature of the furnace top gas outlet layer and the furnace bottom gasification layer.
8. The high-temperature rotary bed biomass full-gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the gasification furnace body is provided with an air pressure detection device at the inlet of the gas outlet device, and an air pressure detection device is also arranged above the gas outlet device main pipe.
9. The high-temperature rotating bed biomass full-gasification furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein a level indicator device is arranged on the blanking device, and the level indicator device is a rotary resistance level switch device.
10. The biomass full-gasification furnace of the high-temperature rotating bed according to claim 1, wherein the gasification furnace body adopts a water-cooling jacketed gasification furnace body, circulating water is continuously introduced into a water-cooling jacket, and a circulating water inlet and a circulating water outlet are arranged; and one side of the lower part of the gasification furnace body is provided with an access hole.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202121113664.0U CN214735577U (en) | 2021-05-21 | 2021-05-21 | High-temperature rotating bed biomass full-gasification furnace |
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| CN202121113664.0U CN214735577U (en) | 2021-05-21 | 2021-05-21 | High-temperature rotating bed biomass full-gasification furnace |
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