CN214709751U - Device for establishing insect social barrier model - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device of establishing insect social barrier model relates to animal behavior experiment sample processing technology field, including isolation structure and sociability test structure, isolation structure includes nest and the flight room that communicates each other, sociability test structure includes well room, and one side of well room is provided with first social room, and the opposite side of well room is provided with second social room, is provided with the push-and-pull door between well room and first social room and the second social room respectively, all is provided with the haulage rope on each push-and-pull door, all is provided with social cage in first social room and the second social room, is surveyed the insect and gets into social test structure and carry out social test after isolation in isolation structure. The utility model establishes the isolation structure of social insects of lower animals under the conditions of guaranteeing the social welfare and ethical conditions of the lower animals for the first time; the utility model provides a research basis for studying social insect emotion to provide reference for human neuropsychiatric related diseases.

Description

Device for establishing insect social barrier model

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an animal behavior experiment sample handles technical field, especially relates to a device of establishing insect social obstacle model.

Background

There are many kinds of insects in the world, such as bees and bumblebees. The bee belongs to hymenoptera, Apidae, Apis. Honeybees are social insects of social sociality, and the honeycomb is usually composed of individuals such as queen bees, male bees and worker bees. Bumblebee belongs to hymenoptera of Apidae, and belongs to bumblebee, which is a social insect with social inhabitation, and mainly comprises queen bee, worker bee and other individuals. They are important pollinators for a plurality of wild plants and crops, and provide key support for human welfare.

Studies in humans and higher mammals have shown that social isolation constitutes a serious risk for the health of humans or mammals. Social isolation of mammals often leads to abnormal brain development and behavioural abnormalities. For example, classical studies of rhesus monkeys (macadamatteta) have shown that early social isolation can lead to the disappearance of normal social behaviors, affecting their ability to interact with and live at peers.

Currently, social isolation related studies of insects in lower animal society are still relatively rare compared to mammals. Notably, as the animal group with the most abundant species in nature, insects have been considered to be low-intelligent, low-learning, inflexible; however, as the insect-related research progresses, the intelligence of the insects is verified step by step, and based on the paradigm, researchers test that bees have quantitative senses and understand abstract concepts, and show the class meta-cognitive ability. The bumblebee evolution status is similar to that of a bee, the learning ability is excellent, and the visual cue navigation can be used in a maze, the task of delaying sample matching can be completed, and the complex operational problem can be solved. In particular, scientific research in recent years has shown that lower animal insects, fruit flies, bees or bumblebees are considered to have a "meta-emotional" ability approaching that of mammals.

Social isolation of the non-social insect drosophila can result in decreased longevity, increased aggressiveness, decreased sleep requirements, and decreased fiber count in the mushroom, which is comparable in function to mammalian brain hippocampus. Social isolation also reduces the mushroom volume of social insect bees. A key period in the developmental process may also be important for the development of normal social behaviour, for example honey bees (Apis mellifera), where the desire to gather to a colony is greatly impaired when facing the same group after social isolation early in life, so social interaction is also essential for the development of honey bees and social organisation. Similar situations exist for the social isolation of the social population, and the activities of cockroaches are reduced, the foraging desire is reduced, and the interest of communication with the population is greatly influenced. In summary, social interactions within a group are important for the development of normal social behavior that may have a tremendous impact on survival and reproduction. However, it is unclear whether social isolation affects sociability of lower animal insect individuals.

For social insects, social experiences in the growth process have a vital significance on behaviors of the social insects, and if social isolation is carried out in the early life of rapid development of social animals, the social properties of the social insects are greatly influenced. Currently, it is unclear whether sociability and social novelty of bumblebee individuals are impaired after experiencing social isolation. Studies of the developmental plasticity of bumblebee brains have shown that freshly emerged bumblebee brains remain immature. Studies have shown that brain structures develop further rapidly within 48 hours after bumblebee emergence, and this 48 hours is the time interval after emergence when the relative volume of the brain changes maximally. Considering that changes in social environment may have an effect on sensory processing, sociality, social cognition, and the like, it is presumed that social isolation within 48 hours after emergence of bumblebees may affect social behaviors of bumblebee adults. Furthermore, in the brain development process of bumblebees, 12 days after emergence is still an important time segment. During the 12 days after eclosion, various changes still occurred in different areas of the bumblebee brain until day 12, the relative volume changes of structures such as intracerebral cell bodies, optic leaves, tentacle leaves, mushroom bodies, etc. peaked. Presumably, social isolation 12 days after emergence may still affect social behavior of the bumblebee adults.

However, at present, people are very simple in studying social isolation of insects, and only study insects are simply put in a space, but the welfare and ethics of lower animal insects are not considered at all, and non-social factors are brought into the establishment process of a social barrier model, so that the reliability of social isolation related studies is influenced. In order to further explore the evolution of animal society and the psychological and cognitive health of social animals, research related to social isolation of social insects in different developmental stages and influence and mechanism of social insects on behaviors, cognition and emotion are required. On the premise of carrying out the work, a social isolation structure needs to be researched, the natural nest environment and the activity environment need to be simulated as much as possible, the welfare of the insects is not reduced as much as possible, and the problem that the activity of the isolated insects is reduced, and the experimental result is possibly influenced by non-social factors is solved; at the same time, there is no suitable device for observing social behavior-related features among individuals of insects.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a device of establishing insect social obstacle model to solve the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, carry out social isolation to lower animal individual, and carry out the sociality aassessment to the lower animal individual after social isolation.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a following scheme:

the utility model provides a device of establishing insect social obstacle model, including isolation structure and sociality test structure, isolation structure is including the nest and the flight chamber of mutual intercommunication, the nest with all be provided with feeding device in the flight chamber, sociality test structure includes the zhong kou, one side of zhong kou is provided with first social contact room, the opposite side of zhong kou is provided with second social contact room, the zhong kou with first social contact room with be provided with the push-and-pull door respectively, each between the second social contact room all be provided with the haulage rope on the push-and-pull door, first social contact room with all be provided with social cage in the second social contact room, the insect of being surveyed is in get into after separating in the isolation structure sociality test structure carries out the sociality test.

Preferably, the nest chamber is communicated with the flying chamber through holes, blue sponge paper is arranged at the joint of the nest chamber and the flying chamber, through holes coinciding with the holes are formed in the blue sponge paper, a plurality of air holes are formed in the nest chamber and the flying chamber, the bottom surfaces of the nest chamber and the flying chamber are flush, and the top of the nest chamber is lower than the top of the flying chamber.

Preferably, the inner wall of the cell and the inner wall of the flight chamber are both made of rough plates, the first top cover of the cell is made of opaque plates, and the second top cover of the flight chamber is made of transparent plates.

Preferably, the feeding device comprises a false flower, a sugar water tank and a pollen tray, and an original nest structure and padding are arranged in the nest chamber.

Preferably, top covers are arranged on the tops of the middle room, the first social room and the second social room, and the top cover and the side wall of the middle room, the top cover and the side wall of the first social room and the top cover and the side wall of the second social room are made of transparent and smooth plates; the bottom surfaces of the middle room, the first social room and the second social room are all made of opaque and rough plates.

Preferably, the device for establishing a social barrier model of insects further comprises a camera located above the isolation structure and the sociability test structure.

Preferably, the social cage includes the cage body, the cage body includes the rail of a plurality of equipartitions, the rail is smooth tubular structure, each there is the gap between the rail, the upper end of the cage body is provided with the cage lid, the cage lid is opaque structure, be provided with the handle on the cage lid.

The utility model discloses for prior art gain following technological effect:

the utility model establishes the isolation structure of social insects of lower animals under the conditions of guaranteeing the social welfare and ethical conditions of the lower animals for the first time; according to the characteristic that insects can fly, the two parts of the nest and the flying chamber are innovatively designed, the comfort of the insects in the isolation structure is guaranteed, the isolation structure simulates the living environment in the natural state as much as possible, other adverse effects possibly caused to the insects by the isolation structure are avoided, the failure of the experiment caused by stress caused by social isolation occurs, and meanwhile, the esteem of experimental animals is reflected in ethical morality. The utility model provides a research basis for studying social insect emotion to provide reference for human neuropsychiatric related diseases.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the isolation structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the isolation structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the social testing structure of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a front view of the sociability test structure of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a top view of the sociability test structure of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a social cage according to the present invention;

FIG. 7a is a graph comparing the cumulative length of time that isolated insects visited the first social room and the second social room 48 hours after emergence with a control group of insects;

FIG. 7b is a graph comparing the frequency of insect visits to the first social room and the second social room for the segregating group 48 hours after emergence with the control group;

FIG. 7c is a graph of the movement trace and the heat trace map of isolated group insects 48 hours after emergence;

FIG. 7d is a graph of the movement trace and the heat trace map of the control insects 48 hours after emergence;

FIG. 8a is a graph comparing the cumulative length of time that isolated group insects visited the first social room and the second social room 12 days after emergence with control group insects;

FIG. 8b is a graph comparing the frequency of insect visits to the first social room and the second social room in the segregating group 12 days after emergence with the control group;

FIG. 8c is a graph of the movement trace and the heat trace map of isolated group insects 12 days after emergence;

FIG. 8d is a graph of the movement trace and the heat trace map of the control group of insects 12 days after emergence;

wherein: 100-social testing structure, 200-isolation structure, 1-middle room, 2-first social room, 3-second social room, 4-sliding door, 5-hauling rope, 6-social cage, 7-top cover, 8-side wall, 9-bottom surface, 10-cage body, 11-fence, 12-cage cover, 13-handle, 14-tested insect, 15-nest room, 16-flight room, 17-hole, 18-blue sponge paper, 19-air vent, 20-first top cover, 21-second top cover, 22-artificial flower, 23-sugar water tank, 24-pollen tray.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The utility model aims at providing a device of establishing insect social obstacle model to solve the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, carry out social isolation to lower animal individual, and carry out the sociality aassessment to the lower animal individual after social isolation.

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.

Example one

As shown in fig. 1-6: the embodiment provides a device for establishing an insect social barrier model, including isolation structure 200 and sociability test structure 100, isolation structure 200 includes mutually communicated cell 15 and flight chamber 16, all be provided with feeding device in cell 15 and the flight chamber 16, sociability test structure 100 includes well room 1, one side of well room 1 is provided with first social intercourse 2, the opposite side of well room 1 is provided with second social intercourse 3, be provided with push-and-pull door 4 between well room 1 and first social intercourse 2 and the second social intercourse 3 respectively, all be provided with haulage rope 5 on each push-and-pull door 4, all be provided with social cage 6 in first social intercourse 2 and the second social intercourse 3, tested insect 14 gets into the sociability test structure after isolation in isolation structure 200 and carries out the sociability test.

In the embodiment, the nest 15 is communicated with the flying chamber 16 through the hole 17, blue sponge paper 18 is arranged at the joint of the nest 15 and the flying chamber 16, a through hole which is overlapped with the hole 17 is formed in the blue sponge paper 18, a plurality of air holes 19 are formed in both the nest 15 and the flying chamber 16, the bottom surfaces 9 of the nest 15 and the flying chamber 16 are flush, the top of the nest 15 is lower than the top of the flying chamber 16, the flying chamber 16 is not less than 30cm in height and can provide enough flying height for insects to adapt to free flying activities of the insects, the nest 15 and the flying chamber 16 are combined together to form an L shape, the volume of the nest 15 is 15cm multiplied by 15cm, and the volume of the flying chamber 16 is 30cm multiplied by 15 cm. When the bumblebee is tested, the sponge paper is blue, the bumblebee likes blue, the bumblebee just put in can have the characteristic of unwilling activity, the blue sponge paper 18 attracts the bumblebee to freely move in the two nest chambers 15 and the flying chamber 16, and the motion activity is kept, so that the smooth operation of subsequent tests is ensured.

In this embodiment, the inner wall of cell 15 and flight chamber 16's inner wall all adopt coarse panel to make, can adopt the coarse plank of inner wall or organic glass board to make, be adapted to the free activity of crawling of insect, cell 15's first top cap 20 adopts black opaque panel to make, cell 15 can build dim environment as the rest area of insect, flight chamber 16's second top cap 21 adopts transparent panel to make, flight chamber 16 is as the free area of foraging of insect, provide the required nutrient substance of life for the insect, sufficient space supplies the insect flight simultaneously, in order to keep the basic activity of insect. The nest chamber 15 and the flying chamber 16 simulate dark environment in the nest and bright environment outside the nest, so as to simulate the living environment of insects in a natural state as much as possible, and the first top cover 20 and the second top cover 21 can slide to realize opening and closing.

In this embodiment, feeding device includes false flower 22, sweet water jar 23 and pollen dish 24, and sweet water jar 23 is for being equipped with the centrifuging tube of 15mL sweet water, is provided with former nest structure and bedding in the nest room, and former nest structure adopts the little dicing of former nest or uses the beeswax preparation to form, and the bedding placed at the bottom of the nest room is for using about 2 mm's of diameter cat litter, or cat litter and saw-dust mixture. The nest chamber 15, the flying chamber 16, the feeding device, the original nest structure and the padding are arranged to simulate the environment in the original nest in a natural state as much as possible, so that the tested insects 14 can adapt to the environment better and faster, and the failure of the experiment caused by stress is avoided.

In the embodiment, top covers 7 are arranged at the tops of the middle room 1, the first social room 2 and the second social room 3, the top covers 7 can slide to open and close, the top cover 7 and the side wall 8 of the middle room 1, the top cover 7 and the side wall 8 of the first social room 2, and the top cover 7 and the side wall 8 of the second social room 3 are made of transparent and smooth plates, transparent and smooth organic glass plates can be adopted, vaseline can be smeared if necessary, the transparent plates are convenient for visual observation and video recording, the smooth plates can prevent the tested insects 14 from climbing on the side walls 8, the behavior of the vertical surfaces of the insects is reduced, and higher-quality experimental results are obtained; the bottom surfaces 9 of the middle room 1, the first social room 2 and the second social room 3 are all made of opaque and rough plates, the bottom surfaces 9 can be made of opaque frosted organic glass plates, the detected insects 14 can easily crawl normally, stress caused by walking inconvenience is reduced, influence on the exploration motivation of the detected insects is avoided, and the opaque structure can shield the information of an external scene from dispersing the attention of the detected insects 14, so that the detected insects can be more focused on scene exploration in the device.

In this embodiment, social cage 6 includes the cage body 10, the cage body 10 is the cylinder, the cage body 10 includes the rail 11 of a plurality of equipartitions, there is the gap between each rail 11, the size in gap is confirmed according to the size of insect size, both can make 14 and the social object of being surveyed carry out abundant vision, the amazing interaction of many senses such as smell, can avoid fighting between 14 and the social object of being surveyed again, behaviors such as mating and run away, the upper end of cage body 10 is provided with cage lid 12, be provided with handle 13 on the cage lid 12, the size of cage lid 12 can be confirmed according to the insect size, be convenient for put into operation of insect.

In this embodiment, the fence 11 is a smooth tubular structure, the fence 11 can be made of a glass tube, and the influence of the climbing behavior of the insects on the social behavior tracking and analysis can be reduced to the maximum extent, so that the social behavior of the tested insects 14 can be effectively evaluated, and the cage cover 12 is an opaque structure. The use of an opaque cover 12 ensures effective tracking and data analysis of the behavior of the tested insects 14 by software, and prevents interference of the insects in the social cage 6 with the behavior tracking of the tested insects 14.

In this embodiment, the diameter and height of the social cage 6 are adjusted according to the size of the tested insects 14, so that the tested insects 14 can focus on the social objects, for example, the social cage 6 for testing bumble bees has a diameter of 4cm and a height of 3 cm. The fences 11 were formed by 20 glass tubes of 2.5mm diameter and 32mm length being longitudinally juxtaposed, the gap between the fences 11 was 1.5mm, and the diameter of the cage cover 12 was 3 cm.

In this embodiment, the social cage 6 is specially designed to observe the social performance of the tested insect 14 when facing the same individual, and the social cage 6 is an independent micro-stimulation/social interface system. The social cage 6 is placed individually in the first 2 and second 3 social rooms, inside only insects, while the social cage 6 has the following role: firstly, the stimulation position is relatively fixed, so that the stability of stimulation is ensured; secondly, the smooth surface can limit the insects to climb upwards on the vertical side surface, so as to ensure that the insects move and are tracked on the plane as much as possible; thirdly, the gap ensures that only insects can contact with each other and interact with each other with smell; fourthly, the fence 11 can block the injurious fighting that only insects bite and prick; and fifthly, the cylinder is beneficial to tracking and analyzing the insect behaviors by software. Namely, the social cage 6 of the embodiment can provide an excellent interactive interface, isolate fighting and other behaviors among insects, reduce instinctive behaviors of climbing of insects, and facilitate delineation of social area scope and behavior analysis, so that the social behavior of the tested insects 14 can be effectively evaluated.

The embodiment is to realize social isolation of lower animals under the condition of social welfare and animal ethics guarantee, and carry out social test on the isolated insects. According to the life habits and the life conditions of the insects under natural conditions, the isolation structure 200 similar to the environment is established, social isolation of the lower animals is realized under the condition of guaranteeing social welfare and animal ethics of the lower animals, the natural nest environment and activity environment are simulated as much as possible, the welfare of the insects is not reduced as much as possible, and the problem that the activity of the isolated insects is reduced, and the experimental results are possibly influenced by non-social factors is solved. The device for establishing the insect social disorder model has the advantages of simple manufacture, low cost, simple and convenient operation and good repeatability, and provides a research basis for researching social insect emotion, thereby providing a reference for human neuropsychiatric related diseases.

The embodiment provides a method for establishing an insect social barrier model by adopting a device for establishing the insect social barrier model, which comprises the following steps:

s1, catching newly emerged healthy insects, marking the insects with color stickers, immediately placing the insects into a nest, recording the insects, using the color stickers with different colors to mark the insects on different dates, evaluating the health condition and activity of the caught insects, and taking the insects with normal body health activity as detected insects 14;

s2, placing the tested insects 14 into the isolation structure 200, placing each tested insect 14 separately, and placing a feeding device in the isolation structure 200: false flower 22, pollen tray 24, sugar water tank 23;

s3, observing the behavior of the tested insects 14 in the isolation structure 200 every day, evaluating the health condition, removing the dead or obviously unhealthy tested insects 14, and adding sugar water and pollen every other day;

s4, after the tested insects 14 are separately raised for 48 hours and 12 days respectively, transferring the tested insects 14 to a sociability test structure 100 to test the sociability of the tested insects 14, wherein the sociability test structure 100 tests the sociability of the tested insects 14 and comprises an adaptation phase and a test phase;

in this embodiment, in S4, the adaptation stage: the tested insects 14 are placed in the middle chamber 1 of the social testing structure, the sliding doors 4 on two sides of the middle chamber 1 are closed, the tested insects 14 are freely explored, adaptation is carried out for 5 minutes, and preliminary adaptation is carried out; in the dark environment, the tested insects 14 are gently and slowly moved into the middle chamber 1 by using a bell jar and a cardboard, and are adapted for 3 minutes; after the adaptation in the dark environment is finished, the light is turned on under the condition that the tested insects 14 are stable, and the adaptation is carried out for 3 minutes.

In this embodiment, in S4, the test stage: an insect is randomly taken out from a nest of the insect and is recorded as a first acquaintance social object, the first acquaintance social object is placed into a social cage 6 of a first social room 2, a test process of 5 minutes is recorded through a camera, sliding doors 4 on two sides of a middle room 1 are pulled open through a traction rope 5, a tested insect 14 can freely move and freely select in the first social room 2, the middle room 1 and a second social room 3, and the camera shoots at a top down and collects an experiment video.

And S5, data acquisition and statistical analysis.

The method for establishing the insect social disorder model according to the embodiment can introduce the control group insects to compare with the tested insects 14, the control group insects do not need to be isolated in the isolation structure 200, the healthy control group insects are selected to perform the adaptation stage and the testing stage, and finally the experimental results of the control group insects and the tested insects 14 are compared to obtain the social behaviors of the tested insects 14 after social isolation.

Application example

The social behavior of the European bombus is observed by adopting the device for establishing the insect social disorder model and the method for establishing the insect social disorder model in the embodiment I.

The method for establishing the bumblebee social disorder model comprises the following steps:

s1, grabbing newly emerged healthy bumble bees, marking the bumble bees by using a colored bee sticker, then putting the bumble bees into the nest immediately and recording the records, using the bee stickers with different colors for marking the bumble bees on different dates, evaluating the health condition and activity of the grabbed bees, and taking worker bees with normal body health activity;

the process of grabbing newly emerged healthy bumble bees is as follows: the bumblebees in the original honeycomb and the original honeycomb are transferred into a clean new nest box prepared in advance, the bumblebees which climb to the wooden chopsticks are transferred into the new nest box from the original honeycomb by using the long wooden chopsticks under the condition of no light, the process is repeated until all the bumblebee imagoes in the original honeycomb are transferred into the new nest box and the environment in the nest is recovered as soon as possible, next, whether newly emerged bumblebees appear in the bee colony or not is observed every 2 hours, white fluff is attached to the whole body of the new bumblebees, the action is slow, and the new bumblebees with the characteristics are slowly transferred into the isolation structure 200 by using the long wooden chopsticks to be raised;

the method for collecting the bumblebees (insects in the control group) in the control group comprises the steps of obtaining newly emerged bumblebees from a honeycomb, wherein the bumblebees in all the control groups are all the bumblebees which are normally bred in the same honeycomb as the bumblebees in the experimental group, marking the bumblebees with colored bee stickers, then putting the bumblebees back into the honeycomb, recording, paying attention to the fact that the bumblebees marked on different dates need to be marked with the bee stickers with different colors, collecting the bumblebees again according to the date of the bee sticker after 48 hours or 12 days, and carrying out social test on the bumblebees in the control group;

s2, putting the bumblebees into the isolation structure 200, putting each bumblebee separately, and putting the daily feeding device in the isolation structure 200: false flower 22, pollen tray 24, sugar water tank 23; the breeding conditions are that the room temperature is 25 +/-2 ℃, the relative humidity is 50 +/-5%, and the breeding time is 12 h: in 12h of light and dark rhythm, 5g of pollen and 20ml of sucrose solution are added at one time;

s3, observing the behavior of the bumblebees in the isolation structure 200 every day, evaluating the health condition, removing dead or obviously unhealthy bumblebees, and adding sugar water and pollen every other day;

s4, after the bumblebees in the isolation structure 200 are isolated and raised for 48 hours and 12 days respectively, transferring the bumblebees to the social test structure 100 for testing;

bumblebee fingers 48 hours after emergence: transferring newly emerged bombus in the nest into an isolation structure 200, feeding each bombus for 48 hours in an isolation way, immediately transferring into a social test structure 100 for adaptation after the isolation is finished, and then starting an experiment;

bumblebee fingers 12 days after emergence: transferring newly emerged bombus in the nest into an isolation structure 200, feeding each bombus in isolation for 12 days, immediately transferring into a social test structure 100 for adaptation after the period of isolation, and then starting an experiment;

the bumblebee after 48 hours of emergence and the bumblebee after 12 days of emergence are both isolation group bumblebees, and the experiment time is 9:30am to 20:00pm every day in order to avoid the influence of rhythm on the bumblebee state;

an adaptation stage: preliminary adaptation: for the isolation group bumble bees (tested insects 14) which are 48 hours and 12 days after eclosion, carefully transferring the isolation group bumble bees to the middle chamber 1 of the social test structure 100 by using a bell-shaped cover, paying attention to the softness of actions in the transferring process, reducing stimulation as much as possible, closing the sliding doors 4 at two sides of the middle chamber 1, and freely exploring the isolation group bumble bees for preliminary adaptation; for the control group bumblebee, after being taken out from the honeycomb, the control group bumblebee is transferred to the middle room 1 of another social test structure 100 by using a small-sized bell-shaped cover, and the sliding doors 4 at two sides of the middle room 1 are closed, so that the control group bumblebee can be freely explored for preliminary adaptation;

dark adaptation: under dark environment, the isolated group bumblebees and the control group bumblebees are respectively moved into the corresponding middle rooms 1 for adaptation for 3 minutes;

illumination adaptation: after adaptation in dark environment is finished, turning on illumination under the condition that the states of the isolated bumble bees and the control bumble bees are stable, adapting for 3 minutes again, and observing the activity of the isolated bumble bees and the control bumble bees;

and (3) a testing stage: isolated group bumble bee test: randomly taking out one bumblebee from bumblebees in the same nest with the isolation group of bumblebees, marking as a first familiar social object (Nestmate 1), immediately putting the first familiar social object into a first social cage 6 of the social test structure 100, then opening a camera to record the test process of the next 5 minutes, pulling a sliding door 4 open through a traction rope 5 to enable the isolation group of bumblebees to freely move and freely select in a first social room 2, a middle room 1 and a second social room 3, shooting the camera in a downward direction to act as an observation area, and collecting an experimental video;

test of control bumblebee: randomly taking out one bumblebee from bumblebees in the same nest as the control group of bumblebees, marking as a first familiar social object (Nestmate 1), immediately putting the first familiar social object into a first social cage 6 of the social test structure 100, then opening a camera to record the test process of the next 5 minutes, pulling open a sliding door 4 through a traction rope 5 to enable the control group of bumblebees to freely move and freely select in a first social room 2, a middle room 1 and a second social room 3, shooting down by the camera to act as an observation area, and acquiring an experimental video;

s5, data acquisition and statistical analysis:

acquiring the activity tracks of the isolated bumblebees and the control bumblebees in the social test structure 100 by utilizing Noduls track tracking software Ethovision, and acquiring the accumulated social time of the isolated bumblebees and the control bumblebees in the social range and the social frequency manually acquired in the test period by taking a circle of 0.5cm at the periphery of the social cage 6 as the social range; drawing a behavior trace graph and a heat graph according to the collected behavior activity data; recording original data into Excel, then carrying out data analysis, firstly separating the bumblebees with different activity expressions into two groups for analysis, respectively counting the proportion of low-activity bumblebees and high-activity bumblebees, then analyzing the difference of the residence time of the bumblebees in two target areas by using Independent sample T Test (Independent-Samples T Test), analyzing to obtain an average value, a standard error, a P value and the like, and drawing by using Sigmaplot 12.5; when the data are compared, the P <0.05 is significant, and the P <0.01 is very significant.

The upper diagrams in fig. 7c, 7d, 8c and 8d are diagrams of the motion tracks of the bumblebees in different tests, respectively, the black lines represent the motion tracks of the bumblebees, and the lower diagrams in fig. 7c, 7d, 8c and 8d are diagrams of the tracks of the bumblebees in different tests, respectively, and the deeper the color, the longer the time for which the bumblebees stay.

The ". x" is a representation of one result after statistical analysis of experimental data, one ". x" indicates a significant difference in results, and two ". x" indicates a very significant difference in results. And N represents the sample size of the tested bumblebee.

In fig. 7a, 7b, 8a and 8b, Isolation represents the Isolation group and Control represents the Control group.

As shown in fig. 7a, the cumulative length of time that the quarantine bumble bees visit the first familiar social object (Nestmate 1) 48 hours after emergence is significantly higher than the cumulative length of time that the blank social cage 6(Empty) (N13, P <0.01) is visited, and the cumulative length of time that the control bumble bees visit the first familiar social object (Nestmate 1) 48 hours after emergence is significantly higher than the cumulative length of time that the blank social cage 6(Empty) (N12, P <0.01) is visited; as shown in fig. 7b, the frequency of drone visit to the first familiar social object (Nestmate 1) in the quarantine group 48 hours after emergence was significantly higher than that to the blank social cage 6(Empty) (N13, P <0.01), and the frequency of drone visit to the first familiar social object (Nestmate 1) in the control group 48 hours after emergence was significantly higher than that to the blank social cage 6(Empty) (N12, P < 0.01).

As shown in fig. 8a, the cumulative length of time that the quarantine bumble bees visit the first familiar social object (Nestmate 1) 12 days after emergence is significantly higher than the cumulative length of time that the blank social cage 6(Empty) (N13, P <0.01) is visited, and the cumulative length of time that the control bumble bees visit the first familiar social object (Nestmate 1) 12 days after emergence is significantly higher than the cumulative length of time that the blank social cage 6(Empty) (N12, P <0.01) is visited; as shown in fig. 8b, the frequency of drone visit to the first familiar social object (Nestmate 1) in the quarantine group 12 days after emergence was significantly higher than that to the blank social cage 6(Empty) (N13, P <0.01), and the frequency of drone visit to the first familiar social object (Nestmate 1) in the control group 12 days after emergence was significantly higher than that to the blank social cage 6(Empty) (N12, P < 0.01).

Analysis of results

1. Social isolation 48 hours after emergence affects social sociability of bumblebees

After the bumblebee had undergone social isolation 48 hours after emergence, the basal activity was affected, see table 1. During the test period, 40% of the bumblebees showed low activity, with no social urge at all, while the control bumblebees that did not experience social isolation all showed high activity during the test period. This suggests that the social isolation of 48 hours affected the social status of bumblebees.

TABLE 1 Activity of isolated and control bumblebees 48 hours after emergence

Next, the social difference between the isolated group of high-activity bumble bees and the control group of high-activity bumble bees was specifically analyzed. As shown in fig. 7a, the cumulative durations of the bombus isolate accessing the blank social cage 6(Empty) and the social contact with the first acquaintance social object (Nestmate 1) are 43.3 ± 20.08s and 41.17 ± 12.65s, respectively, and statistics show that the cumulative durations of the bombus isolate accessing the blank social cage 6(Empty) and the first acquaintance social object (Nestmate 1) are not significantly different (N ═ 12, P >0.05), indicating that the bombus isolate does not exhibit individual sociability; the cumulative length of time for the control bumblebee to visit the blank social cage 6(Empty) was 3.19 ± 1.66s, and the cumulative length of time for socializing with the first familiar social object (Nestmate 1) was 61.83 ± 14.27s, and statistics showed a very significant difference between the two (N ═ 20, P <0.01), indicating that the control bumblebee exhibited sociability. As shown in fig. 7b, the frequencies of the isolated bumblebee visiting the blank side and the social contact with the first-familiar social object (Nestmate 1) are 5.833 ± 1.97 times and 5 ± 0.68 times, respectively, and statistics show that the frequencies of the isolated bumblebee visiting the blank social cage 6(Empty) and the first-familiar social object (Nestmate 1) are not significantly different (N ═ 12, P >0.05), indicating that the isolated bumblebee has no individual sociability; however, the frequencies of the control bumblebee visit to the blank social cage 6(Empty) and the first familiar social object (Nestmate 1) were 2.45 ± 0.76 times and 15.7 ± 2.3 times, respectively, and statistics showed that there was a very significant difference in the frequencies of the control bumblebee visit to both ends (N ═ 20, P <0.01), indicating that the control bumblebee had individual sociability. Meanwhile, as can be seen from fig. 7c, the motion trajectories of the bombus isolates are distributed more uniformly in the blank social cage 6(Empty) and the first familiar social object (Nestmate 1), and no obvious preference is given, and from the trajectory heat map, it can be seen that the bombus isolates stay at both ends for a period of time that is similar, and most of the period of time is not in social contact. As can be seen from fig. 7d, the motion trail of the bumblebee in the control group is concentrated on the first familiar social object (Nestmate 1), and shows strong sociability with the first familiar social object (Nestmate 1) for a long time. Therefore, the isolated group bumblebee 48 hours after emergence with high activity was not sociable.

The results show that: the activity difference of the bombus in the isolated group is large 48 hours after eclosion, the bombus with low basic activity is not socialized at all, and the bombus with high basic activity has strong activity but does not have socialization. While the control bumblebee showed very significant sociability, the sociability of the bumblebee was impaired by social isolation 48 hours after emergence.

2. Social isolation 12 days after emergence affects the sociability of bumblebees

The activity of the bumble bees in the quarantine group 12 days after emergence is influenced by isolation, the difference is large, the bumble bees in the quarantine group with low basic activity are not socialized at all, and the other bumble bees in the quarantine group have strong activity, but do not have the functions of actively approaching and researching the sociability of another individual, even have serious social withdrawal, and are mainly focused on the activity of the blank social cage 6 (Empty). It can be seen that social isolation 12 days after emergence severely impairs the sociability of bumblebees.

TABLE 2 Activity of isolated and control bumblebees 12 days after emergence

As can be seen from table 2, the activity of the socially isolated bumble bees 12 days after emergence was greatly affected. During the test, 45% of the bumblebees in the quarantine group showed low activity, specifically characterized by remaining still for most of the time and having no social inclination at all, only 55% of the bumblebees in the quarantine group showed high activity, while the bumblebees in the control group all showed high activity.

Next, social performance of the isolated group of high-activity bumble bees and the control group of high-activity bumble bees was specifically analyzed. As shown in fig. 8a, the cumulative duration of access to the blank social cage 6(Empty) by the bumblebee of the quarantine group is 74.81 ± 30.02s, the cumulative duration of access to the first-acquaintance social object (Nestmate 1) is 5.2 ± 2.3s, and statistics show that the cumulative duration of access to the blank social cage 6(Empty) by the bumblebee of the quarantine group is significantly higher than that of the first-acquaintance social object (Nestmate 1) (N ═ 11, P <0.05), indicating that the bumblebee of the quarantine group does not have sociability; the cumulative duration of the bumblebee visit to the blank social cage 6(Empty) and the first familiar social object (Nestmate 1) in the control group is 3.23 ± 1.4s and 71.72 ± 12.35s respectively, and statistics show that the cumulative duration of the bumblebee visit to the first familiar social object (Nestmate 1) in the control group is remarkably higher than that of the blank social cage 6(Empty) (N is 20, and P is less than 0.01), which indicates that the bumblebee in the control group has social activity. As shown in fig. 8b, the frequency of the bombus isolate accessing the blank social cage 6(Empty) is 9.1 ± 2.24 times, the frequency of the first-acquaintance social object (Nestmate 1) is 1.55 ± 0.52 times, and statistics show that the bombus isolate accessing the blank social cage 6(Empty) is significantly higher than the first-acquaintance social object (Nestmate 1) (N ═ 11, P <0.01), indicating that the bombus isolate has no social tendency and no sociability; however, the frequency of the bumblebee in the control group accessing the blank social cage 6(Empty) and the first familiar social object (Nestmate 1) is 1.85 ± 0.69 times and 20.4 ± 2.08 times respectively, and statistics show that the frequency of the bumblebee in the control group accessing the first familiar social object (Nestmate 1) is remarkably higher than that of the blank social cage 6(Empty) (N is 20 and P is less than 0.01), which indicates that the bumblebee in the control group has social activity. In the social cumulative duration and social frequency, the bumblebees in the quarantine group 12 days after emergence have no social property, even avoid the first familiar social object (Nestmate 1), and lock most activity areas in the blank social cage 6(Empty), which indicates that the social isolation 12 days after emergence seriously affects the social property of the bumblebees, and leads to serious social withdrawal. Further, as can be seen from fig. 8c, the motion trajectory of the isolated group bumblebee is more chaotic, mostly concentrated in the blank social cage 6(Empty), and has more areas with long stay and no obvious preference. As can be seen from fig. 8d, the trace of the bumblebee in the control group is clear and clearly concentrated on the first familiar social object (Nestmate 1), and the first familiar social object (Nestmate 1) is socialized for a long time.

The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for the general technical personnel in the field, according to the idea of the present invention, there are changes in the concrete implementation and the application scope. In summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. An apparatus for modeling social interaction disorders of insects, comprising: including isolation structure and sociability test structure, isolation structure includes nest and flight chamber that communicate each other, the nest with all be provided with feeding device in the flight chamber, sociability test structure includes well room, one side of well room is provided with first social room, the opposite side of well room is provided with the social room of second, well room with first social room with be provided with the push-and-pull door between the social room of second respectively, each all be provided with the haulage rope on the push-and-pull door, first social room with all be provided with social cage in the social room of second, the insect of being surveyed gets into after separating in the isolation structure sociability test structure carries out sociability test.

2. The apparatus for modeling social obstacle to insects of claim 1, wherein: the nest chamber with the flight chamber passes through the hole intercommunication, the nest chamber with the junction of flight chamber is provided with blue sponge paper, seted up on the blue sponge paper with the through-hole coincidence, the nest chamber with the flight chamber has all seted up a plurality of bleeder vents, the nest chamber with the bottom surface of flight chamber flushes, the top of nest chamber is less than the top of flight chamber.

3. The apparatus for modeling social obstacle to insects of claim 1, wherein: the inner wall of the nest chamber and the inner wall of the flight chamber are both made of rough plates, the first top cover of the nest chamber is made of opaque plates, and the second top cover of the flight chamber is made of transparent plates.

4. The apparatus for modeling social obstacle to insects of claim 1, wherein: the feeding device comprises a fake flower, a sugar water tank and a pollen tray, and an original nest structure and padding are arranged in the nest chamber.

5. The apparatus for modeling social obstacle to insects of claim 1, wherein: top covers are arranged on the tops of the middle room, the first social room and the second social room, and the top cover and the side wall of the middle room, the top cover and the side wall of the first social room and the top cover and the side wall of the second social room are made of transparent and smooth plates; the bottom surfaces of the middle room, the first social room and the second social room are all made of opaque and rough plates.

6. The apparatus for modeling social obstacle to insects of claim 1, wherein: the device for establishing the insect social barrier model further comprises a camera, wherein the camera is positioned above the isolation structure and the sociability test structure.

7. The apparatus for modeling social obstacle to insects of claim 1, wherein: social cage includes the cage body, the cage body includes the rail of a plurality of equipartitions, the rail is smooth tubular structure, each there is the gap between the rail, the upper end of the cage body is provided with the cage lid, the cage lid is opaque structure, be provided with the handle on the cage lid.

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