CN214703208U - Device for simulating action of seepage force on rock by using centrifugal force - Google Patents
Device for simulating action of seepage force on rock by using centrifugal force Download PDFInfo
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- CN214703208U CN214703208U CN202121028251.2U CN202121028251U CN214703208U CN 214703208 U CN214703208 U CN 214703208U CN 202121028251 U CN202121028251 U CN 202121028251U CN 214703208 U CN214703208 U CN 214703208U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an utilize device of centrifugal force simulation seepage force to rock effect, top surface and four sides of cube rock core holder all are equipped with the back pressure valve, be equipped with the back pressure valve on the cylinder rock core holder, cube rock core holder is including setting up in the first cube rock core holder at carousel center and setting up in the second cube rock core holder and the third cube rock core holder at carousel edge and symmetry, cylinder rock core holder is including setting up in the first cylinder rock core holder and the second cylinder rock core holder at carousel edge and symmetry, the axis of first cylinder rock core holder and second cylinder rock core holder is coaxial. The utility model discloses can utilize centrifugal force simulation seepage flow power, need not fluid displacement, get rid of the interference of all other stresses except seepage flow power. The device can be used for simulating the action of seepage force on the rock under the action of different fluid pressure differences, so that the influence of the seepage force on the damage of a pore structure of a reservoir and the crack expansion is analyzed.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a petroleum engineering field, in particular to utilize device of centrifugal force simulation seepage flow force to rock effect.
Background
Seepage force is an important concept of soil mechanics and has important influence on phenomena such as instability of a side slope, stability of a dam body and landslide. In the field of petroleum engineering, seepage forces are widely present in oil and gas field development processes. For example, seepage force is applied to a rock skeleton by seepage of fracturing fluid into rock pores in a hydraulic fracturing process, so that the expansion and extension process of rock cracks is influenced; in the process of water injection or exploitation, fluid is transported in rock pores in a large scale, and quick damage can be caused to the rock, so that the sand production phenomenon caused by the rock pore structure is influenced. Although the seepage force has important influence on the development of petroleum and natural gas, no experimental device can simulate the seepage force applied to pore media in the fluid flowing process, so that the research and the application of the seepage force on the damage of a reservoir stratum and the crack extension are severely restricted.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to simulate the effect of seepage force to the reservoir rock, the utility model provides an utilize centrifugal force to simulate the device of seepage force to the rock effect, utilize the device can simulate the effect of different fluid pressure differences acting on the seepage force down to the rock to analysis seepage force is to the influence of reservoir pore structure damage and crack extension.
The utility model adopts the technical scheme as follows:
a device for simulating the action of seepage force on rocks by utilizing centrifugal force comprises a centrifugal device, a cubic core holder and a cylindrical core holder, wherein the top surface and four side surfaces of the cubic core holder are respectively provided with a back pressure valve, the cylindrical core holder is provided with the back pressure valves, the centrifugal device comprises a driving mechanism and a turntable, the driving mechanism is connected with the turntable, the cubic core holder comprises a first cubic core holder arranged at the center of the turntable, a second cubic core holder and a third cubic core holder which are arranged at the edge of the turntable and are symmetrical, the adjacent side surfaces of the first cubic core holder and the second cubic core holder are opposite, the adjacent side surfaces of the first cubic core holder and the third cubic core holder are opposite, the cylindrical core holder comprises a first cylindrical core holder and a second cylindrical core holder which are arranged at the edge of the turntable and are symmetrical, the axes of the first cylindrical core holder and the second cylindrical core holder are coaxial.
Preferably, the utility model discloses utilize centrifugal force simulation seepage force still to include cylinder rock core, cavity cube rock core and cube rock core to the device that the rock acted on, circular punchhole has been seted up along top surface to bottom surface in the center of cavity cube rock core, and first cylinder rock core holder and second cylinder rock core holder are equipped with the cylinder rock core, second cube rock core holder and third cube rock core holder are equipped with the cube rock core is equipped with in the first cube rock core holder cavity cube rock core.
Preferably, the hollow cubic core and the cubic core have the same side length, and the side length is 10-20 cm.
Preferably, the diameter of the circular hole on the hollow cubic core is 1.5cm-2.5 cm.
Preferably, the cylindrical core has a length of 10-15cm and a diameter of 2.5-3 cm.
Preferably, the diameter of the rotating disc is 1000mm-1200 mm.
Preferably, the device for simulating the action of seepage force on rocks by using centrifugal force further comprises a protective cover, and the rotary disc is positioned in the protective cover.
The utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
the utility model discloses utilize centrifugal force simulation seepage force to utilize centrifugal device to drive cube rock core holder and cylinder rock core holder to rotate to the device that the rock acted on, can the centre gripping correspond the rock core sample of shape in cube rock core holder and the cylinder rock core holder, when carrying out the simulation experiment, through the rotation of carousel, can be to produce centrifugal force in the rock core sample, utilize centrifugal force simulation seepage force, need not fluid displacement, got rid of the interference of all other stresses except seepage force. During the whole centrifugation process, only centrifugal force and ground stress really act on the core sample. The effect of seepage force on the rock under the action of different fluid pressure differences can be simulated by controlling the rotating speed, so that the influence of the seepage force on the damage of a reservoir pore structure and the crack expansion is analyzed. The utility model discloses utilize centrifugal force simulation seepage force to be multiple functional to the device effect of rock effect, can simulate seepage force effect rock crack's expansion extension law down, also can be used for simulating the damage condition of seepage force to rock pore structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view of the whole device for simulating the action of seepage force on rocks by using centrifugal force;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a turntable in the device for simulating the effect of seepage force on rocks by using centrifugal force according to the present invention;
fig. 3(a) is a CT scan of V2 core before centrifugation in example 1 of the present invention; fig. 3(b) is a CT scan of V2 core after centrifugation in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4(a) is a schematic diagram of a core slice of a2 core before centrifugation in example 2 of the present invention; fig. 4(b) is a schematic diagram of a core slice after centrifugation of a2 core in example 2 of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a protective cover, 2 is a cubic rock core holder, 3 is a back pressure valve, 4 is a rotary table, 5 is a base plate, 6 is a transmission mechanism, 7 is a base, 8 is a transmission belt, 9 is an electric motor, 10 is a main control cabinet, 11 is a cylindrical rock core, 12 is a hollow cubic rock core, 12-1 is an eyelet, 13 is a cubic rock core, and 14 is a cylindrical rock core holder.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
The utility model discloses an utilize device of centrifugal force simulation seepage flow force to rock effect. The device can be used for simulating the seepage force applied to the rock pore medium by the fluid under different pressure difference states, and the influence mechanism of the seepage force on the rock fracture expansion rule and the reservoir pore structure damage can be analyzed based on the device.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the device for simulating the effect of seepage force on rock by using centrifugal force of the present invention comprises a protective cover 1, a centrifugal device, a cube core holder 2 and a cylinder core holder 14, wherein the top surface and four side surfaces of the cube core holder 2 are respectively provided with a back pressure valve 3, the cylinder core holder 14 is provided with the back pressure valve 3, the centrifugal device comprises a driving mechanism and a turntable 4, the driving mechanism is connected with the turntable 4, the cube core holder 2 comprises a first cube core holder arranged at the center of the turntable 4 and a second cube core holder and a third cube core holder which are arranged at the edge of the turntable 4 and are symmetrical, the adjacent side surfaces of the first cube core holder and the second cube core holder are right opposite, the adjacent side surfaces of the first cube core holder and the third cube core holder are right opposite, the cylindrical core holder 14 comprises a first cylindrical core holder and a second cylindrical core holder which are arranged at the edge of the turntable and are symmetrical, and the axes of the first cylindrical core holder and the second cylindrical core holder are coaxial. The turntable 4 is located inside the protective cover 1.
The device for simulating the effect of seepage force on the rock by utilizing centrifugal force can be additionally provided with a corresponding rock core sample, wherein the rock core sample comprises a cylindrical rock core 11, a hollow cubic rock core 12 and a cubic rock core 13, a circular hole 12-1 is formed in the center of the hollow cubic rock core 12 from the top surface to the bottom surface, the first cylindrical rock core holder and the second cylindrical rock core holder are provided with the cylindrical rock core 11, the second cubic rock core holder and the third cubic rock core holder are provided with the cubic rock core 13, and the hollow cubic rock core 12 is arranged in the first cubic rock core holder.
Cylinder rock core the utility model discloses in the above-mentioned rock core sample: the dimensions of the cylindrical core 11 are: the length is 10-15cm, and the diameter is 2.5-3 cm; the side length of the hollow cubic core 12 is the same as that of the cubic core 13, and is 10-20cm, and an eyelet 12-1 with the diameter of 1.5-2.5 cm is drilled in the middle of the hollow cubic core 12.
In the rock core sample of the utility model, the diameter of the turntable 14 is required to be 1000mm-1200 mm; the highest design rotational speed requirement is as follows: 3000rpm-4000rpm, and the rotation speed of the centrifuge is controlled by frequency conversion. The driving mode of a main machine of the driving mechanism is started by a frequency converter, the braking mode is an energy consumption braking mode, the transmission mode is belt transmission, the power of the main motor is 3KW-3.5KW, and an explosion-proof motor is adopted, so that the stability, safety and reliability of the whole device in the centrifugal process are guaranteed. The main control cabinet panel of the centrifugal device is provided with: the device comprises a rotating speed setting button, a state indicating lamp, an emergency stop button, an explosion-proof button, a display screen and a brake button. The back pressure valves arranged on the cubic core holder 2 and the cylindrical core holder 14 are used for: before the experiment begins, a back pressure system is needed, pressure is applied to a rubber leather sleeve inside the core holder through a back pressure valve, the rubber leather sleeve is made to expand to fixedly clamp the core, meanwhile, the maximum horizontal main stress, the minimum horizontal main stress, the vertical stress or the confining pressure is applied to the core, and the real stress state of the core in the stratum is simulated.
When the centrifugal rotating speed is X (unit rpm), the radius of the turntable 4 is R (unit m), and the density of the rock core is Pm (unit kg/m)3) And then, the relationship between the seepage force received by the simulated core per unit volume and the radius is as follows: fs1＝Pm·(2π·X/60)2R, unit N/m3。
And setting the distances between the inner side and the outer side of the core and the axis of the rotary table as ra and rb (unit m), and setting the distance between a certain point of the core and the axis of the rotary table as r (unit m). The simulated core experiences an average seepage force per unit volume of: fs2＝Pm·(2π·X/60)2((rb-ra/2) + ra), units N/m3The pore pressure gradient of the simulated core is as follows: pf is pa/(ra-rb). r-rb.pa/(ra-rb), unit MPa, where pa is Fs2·10-6(rb-ra), pa is a simulated pore pressure at the inside boundary, and the pores at the outside boundary are set to 0MPa
The experimental method based on the device has two types, is respectively used for simulating the influence mechanism of seepage force on crack expansion and reservoir pore structure damage, and comprises the following specific steps:
experimental method 1: the rock crack propagation simulation experiment under the action of seepage force comprises the following steps:
(1) two cubic cores of 10cm × 10cm × 10cm were prepared, the surfaces of the cores were ground so as to be smooth and flat, and numbers 1 to 6 were marked on each surface.
(2) And opening the centrifugal device, setting the rotating speed of 500rpm for 5min of centrifugation, and observing the safety and stability of the device.
(3) And closing the centrifugal device, completely stopping the rotary disc 4 of the centrifugal device, and putting the two prepared cubic cores into two cubic core holders positioned at the edge of the rotary disc.
(4) Applying different ground stresses to the two cubic cores through a back pressure valve by means of a confining pressure system, wherein the ground stresses comprise: SH (maximum horizontal principal stress), SH (minimum horizontal principal stress), and Sv (vertical ground stress);
(5) and (4) putting down the protective cover, opening the centrifugal device to start centrifugation, gradually accelerating to the experimental design rotation speed X at the rotation speed of 500rpm at a low speed, and stabilizing the centrifugal experimental design centrifugation time T.
(6) After the experiment, close centrifugal device, relieve the crustal stress that the rock core was applyed through back pressure valve, take out the rock core carefully.
(7) And photographing each surface of the rock core to acquire data, then carrying out CT scanning on the rock core, and observing the initiation and expansion conditions of the internal crack.
Experimental method 2: the experimental steps of simulating the damage of the seepage force to the pore structure of the reservoir rock are as follows:
(1) preparing a cubic core block of 10cm multiplied by 10 cm; two cylindrical rock cores with the length of Lcm and the diameter of 2.5cm are polished to be smooth and flat, and an eyelet with the diameter of R is drilled in the middle of the cubic rock core, so that the hollow cubic rock core 12 is obtained.
(2) And opening the centrifugal device, setting the rotating speed of 500rpm for 5min of centrifugation, and observing the safety and stability of the device.
(3) And closing the centrifugal device, and putting the prepared cylindrical rock core into two cylindrical rock core holders positioned at the edges of the rotary disc when the rotary disc of the centrifugal device is completely stopped, and putting the hollow cubic rock core 12 into a cubic rock core holder positioned in the middle.
(4) Applying an earth stress to the hollow cubic core 12 through a back pressure valve by means of a confining pressure system, the earth stress comprising: SH (maximum horizontal principal stress); sh (minimum horizontal principal stress); sv (vertical ground stress); two cylindrical cores were subjected to different confining pressures S1 and S2
(5) And (4) putting down the protective cover, opening the centrifugal device to start centrifugation, gradually accelerating to the experimental design rotation speed X at the rotation speed of 500rpm at a low speed, and stabilizing the centrifugal experimental design centrifugation time T.
(6) After the experiment, close centrifugal device, relieve the crustal stress that the rock core was applyed through back pressure valve, take out the rock core carefully.
(7) And analyzing the damage condition of the pore throat after the core centrifugation by means of a core displacement experiment, a nuclear magnetic resonance scanner and a core slicing experiment.
The utility model discloses the theory of operation of device is:
the seepage force is the friction force and drag force applied to the rock pore medium in the fluid flowing process, and the force acts on the unit body of the rock in the form of volume force to influence the stress state of the unit body. In order to exclude other stress disturbances caused by the fluid seepage process and to separately simulate the effect of the seepage force on the rock, the patent proposes to simulate the seepage force by means of centrifugal force. In the high-speed rotation process of the centrifugal device, centrifugal force is applied to each unit body of the rock medium, the force direction is the radial direction, the direction of the force is consistent with that of seepage force in the radial seepage state, and seepage force required by an experiment can be simulated by controlling the rotating speed of the centrifugal device.
Example 1:
utilize the open-air outcrop of the fine and close sandstone group rock in long qing oil field of collection, then based on the utility model discloses experimental apparatus has studied the crack extension law of this rock specimen under to the seepage force effect. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) cutting the outcrop rock sample into 9 cubic rock cores of 10cm multiplied by 10cm, numbering V1-V9, polishing the surface of the rock core to make the rock core smooth and flat, and marking each surface with numbers 1-6 by using a mark pen.
(2) And opening the centrifugal device, setting the rotating speed of 500rpm for 5min of centrifugation, and observing the safety and stability of the device.
(3) And closing the centrifugal device, and putting the two cubes into two cube core holders positioned at the edge of the turntable when the turntable of the centrifugal device completely stops.
(4) Applying different ground stress to the two cubic cores through a back pressure valve by virtue of a confining pressure system, wherein V1-V3 are normal ground stress groups; V4-V6 is a gliding ground stress group; V7-V9 are stress sets in reverse, and the design experimental protocol is shown in Table 1.
(5) And (4) putting down the protective cover, opening the centrifugal device to start centrifugation, gradually accelerating to the experimental design rotation speed of 3000rpm at the rotation speed of 500rpm, and stabilizing the experimental design centrifugation time of 45 min.
(6) After the experiment, close centrifugal device, relieve the crustal stress that the rock core was applyed through back pressure valve, take out the rock core carefully.
(7) And photographing each surface of the rock core to acquire data, then carrying out CT scanning on the rock core, and observing the initiation and expansion conditions of the internal crack.
TABLE 1
| Core sample | SH/MPa | Sh/MPa | Sv/MPa | Speed of rotation/rpm | Time of centrifugation |
| V1 | 1.5 | 1 | 5.5 | 2000 | 20min |
| V2 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 5.5 | 2500 | 15min |
| V3 | 3.5 | 2 | 5.5 | 3000 | 10min |
| V4 | 5.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 2000 | 20min |
| V5 | 5.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 2500 | 15min |
| V6 | 5.5 | 2 | 3.5 | 3000 | 10min |
| V7 | 5.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 2000 | 20min |
| V8 | 5.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 3000 | 15min |
| V9 | 5.5 | 3.5 | 2 | 3500 | 10min |
Referring to the CT scanning contrast before and after centrifugation of the V2 core shown in fig. 3(a) and fig. 3(b), the centrifugation effect is illustrated by taking the V2 core as an example, and it can be seen that the fracture propagates obviously under the action of the centrifugal force, and the seepage force has a significant effect on the extension and propagation of the fracture.
Example 2
Utilize the field outcrop of the fine and close sandstone group rock in extension oil field of gathering, then based on the utility model discloses experimental apparatus has researched seepage force and has influenced the mechanism to reservoir rock pore structure damage. The specific experimental steps are as follows:
(1) cutting the outcrop rock sample into a cubic rock core with the diameter of 10cm multiplied by 10cm, and drilling a hole with the diameter of 2.5cm in the middle of the cubic rock core to obtain a hollow cubic rock core; two cylindrical cores with the length of 12cm and the diameter of 2.5cm are drilled, and the surfaces of the cores are polished to be smooth and flat, and are respectively numbered A1 and A2.
(2) And opening the centrifugal device, setting the rotating speed of 500rpm for 5min of centrifugation, and observing the safety and stability of the device.
(3) The centrifuge was turned off and the prepared cylindrical cores a1 and a2 were placed into two cylindrical core holders at the edge of the turntable and the drilled cubic cores were placed into the middle cubic core holder until the centrifuge turntable was completely stopped.
(4) Applying an earth stress to a drilled cubic core through a back pressure valve by means of a confining pressure system comprises: SH is 3.5 MPa; sh ═ 1.5 MPa; sv is 5 MPa; the confining pressures applied to the two cylindrical cores a1 and a2 were 17.5MPa for S1 and 5MPa for S2, respectively;
(5) and (4) putting down the protective cover, opening the centrifugal device to start centrifugation, gradually accelerating to the experiment design rotation speed of 2500rpm at the rotation speed of 500rpm, and stabilizing the experiment design centrifugation time of 120 min.
(6) After the experiment, close centrifugal device, relieve the crustal stress that the rock core was applyed through back pressure valve, take out the rock core carefully.
(7) And analyzing the damage condition of the pore throat after the core centrifugation by means of a core displacement experiment, a nuclear magnetic resonance scanner and a core slicing experiment.
Referring to fig. 4(a) and 4(b), it can be seen from the analysis results of the a2 core slice that the pore size structure of the rock is obviously changed by the action of the seepage force, a large microcrack is expanded, the pore throat is enlarged, and the seepage force has an obvious effect on the pore throat of the rock.
Claims (7)
1. A device for simulating the effect of seepage force on rocks by utilizing centrifugal force is characterized by comprising a centrifugal device, a cube core holder (2) and a cylindrical core holder (14), wherein the top surface and four side surfaces of the cube core holder (2) are respectively provided with a back pressure valve (3), the cylindrical core holder (14) is provided with the back pressure valve (3), the centrifugal device comprises a driving mechanism and a turntable (4), the driving mechanism is connected with the turntable (4), the cube core holder (2) comprises a first cube core holder arranged at the center of the turntable (4) and a second cube core holder and a third cube core holder which are symmetrically arranged at the edge of the turntable (4), the side surface of the first cube core holder adjacent to the second cube core holder is just opposite, and the side surface of the first cube core holder adjacent to the third cube core holder is just opposite, the cylindrical core holder (14) comprises a first cylindrical core holder and a second cylindrical core holder which are arranged on the edge of the turntable and are symmetrical, and the axes of the first cylindrical core holder and the second cylindrical core holder are coaxial.
2. The device for simulating the effect of seepage force on rocks by using centrifugal force as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a cylindrical core (11), a hollow cubic core (12) and a cubic core (13), wherein a circular hole (12-1) is formed in the center of the hollow cubic core (12) from the top surface to the bottom surface, the cylindrical core (11) is arranged in the first cylindrical core holder and the second cylindrical core holder, the cubic core (13) is arranged in the second cubic core holder and the third cubic core holder, and the hollow cubic core (12) is arranged in the first cubic core holder.
3. The device for simulating the effect of seepage force on rocks by using centrifugal force as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the hollow cubic core (12) and the cubic core (13) have the same side length of 10-20 cm.
4. A device for simulating the effect of seepage forces on rock by means of centrifugal forces as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the circular perforations (12-1) in the hollow cubic core (12) have a diameter of 1.5cm to 2.5 cm.
5. A device for simulating the effect of seepage forces on rock by means of centrifugal forces as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the cylinder core (11) has a length of 10-15cm and a diameter of 2.5-3 cm.
6. A device for simulating the effect of seepage forces on rock by means of centrifugal forces according to claim 1, characterised in that the diameter of the rotating disc (4) is 1000-1200 mm.
7. A device for simulating the effect of seepage forces on rock by means of centrifugal forces according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a protective cover (1), the rotating disc (4) being located inside the protective cover (1).
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| CN113155681A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-07-23 | 西安石油大学 | Device for simulating action of seepage force on rock by using centrifugal force and experimental method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113155681A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-07-23 | 西安石油大学 | Device for simulating action of seepage force on rock by using centrifugal force and experimental method |
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