CN214666614U - Flexible strain sensor - Google Patents
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- CN214666614U CN214666614U CN202120310383.8U CN202120310383U CN214666614U CN 214666614 U CN214666614 U CN 214666614U CN 202120310383 U CN202120310383 U CN 202120310383U CN 214666614 U CN214666614 U CN 214666614U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a flexible strain sensor, including nanofiber membrane and the metal nanowire layer of setting on the nanofiber membrane, through being connected with first electrode and second electrode on the metal nanowire layer, first electrode and first wiring mouth are connected, and second electrode and second wiring mouth are connected. The flexible strain sensor has a large strain sensing range, has the capability of detecting various strains, can be used for detecting the deformation such as bending, stretching, torsion and the like, and can be used for monitoring the joint movement of a human body.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of flexible strain sensor, concretely relates to flexible strain sensor.
Background
The strain sensor is an important sensing device, and when the sensing device is subjected to external force, the sensing device can deform per se, so that the resistance or the capacitance of the device changes. By detecting the change in these physical quantities, the function of strain detection is realized. In recent years, flexible wearable strain sensors have become a research hotspot in the field of strain sensors. The flexible strain sensor has good sensing characteristics such as sensitivity, repeatability and stability, and becomes a core device in the fields of electronic skins, wearable electronic equipment, flexible man-machine interaction equipment and the like. With the further development of social informatization, various novel devices based on flexible strain sensors are being gradually applied to the fields of entertainment, industry, healthcare, consumer electronics, and the like. Especially, the combination of the bio-medical treatment and the bionic robot and the flexible sensing technology has become a research hotspot in recent years.
Wearable strain sensor need integrate on the clothing or directly dress to the human body, produce tensile strain along with human joint motion, produce the change of physical parameter, and then realize the detection to human motion. This requires a flexible strain sensor with good stretchability and conformability. At present, most wearable strain sensors use copper adhesive tapes and other adhesive tapes with conductive capability to directly stick the sensors to human bodies, the reliability of the mode is poor, the wires are easy to separate from the electrodes after multiple use, and the wearable performance is poor. In addition, the flexible strain sensor adopts a structure that a single elastic belt is matched with a buckle. This kind of structure is more suitable for relatively detecting little meeting an emergency, and in big strain detection, the conformal ability of response body is relatively poor, can not perfectly laminate by the measuring face, leads to the result accurate inadequately, consequently does not have good wearable performance equally.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a flexible strain sensor, this sensor have solved the relatively poor problem of present flexible strain sensor reliability and conformal ability, provide good wearable performance for flexible strain sensor.
In order to achieve the above object, a flexible strain sensor, including nanofiber membrane and the metal nanowire layer of setting on the nanofiber membrane, through being connected with first electrode and second electrode on the metal nanowire layer, first electrode and first wiring mouth are connected, and second electrode and second wiring mouth are connected.
Furthermore, two sides of the upper end of the nanofiber membrane are respectively connected with a first upper flexible fixing plate and a second upper flexible fixing plate, connecting holes are formed in the middle parts of the first upper flexible fixing plate and the second upper flexible fixing plate, the middle position of the first upper flexible fixing plate protrudes upwards, a first pore is formed between the first upper flexible fixing plate and the nanofiber membrane, and one end of a first electrode extends into the first pore; the middle position of the second upper flexible fixing plate protrudes upwards, a second pore is formed between the second upper flexible fixing plate and the nanofiber membrane, and the second end of the second electrode extends into the second pore; the lower end of the first wiring port extends into a connecting hole formed in the first upper flexible fixing plate and is bonded with the upper end face of the first electrode, and the lower end of the second wiring port extends into a connecting hole formed in the second upper flexible fixing plate and is bonded with the upper end face of the second electrode.
Further, the metal nanowire layer is a silver nanowire layer.
Furthermore, the metal nanowire layer, the first electrode, the second electrode, the first wiring port and the second electrode are all bonded through conductive silver adhesive.
Furthermore, a lower flexible fixing plate is respectively fixed at two ends of the lower end face of the nanofiber membrane, and a fixing hole is formed in the flexible fixing plate.
Further, the nanofiber membrane is a polyurethane nanofiber membrane.
Further, the first electrode and the second electrode are flat copper wires.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following profitable technological effect has at least:
this flexible strain sensor has good conformal ability, can dress the human body on, the human body surface of perfect laminating in human motion process realizes the accurate detection to human motion, and this testing process has good reliability, can guarantee the stable connection between electrode and the wire under long-time work.
Furthermore, all be provided with flexible fixed plate on first electrode and the second electrode, first wiring mouth and second wiring mouth all pass flexible fixed plate and are connected with first electrode, second electrode respectively, have improved the stability of connecting, go up flexible fixed plate and have played limiting displacement to the wiring mouth, make the installation of wiring mouth more stable.
Furthermore, the metal nanowire layer is a silver nanowire layer, so that the resistivity is low, the conductivity is high, and the detection precision is improved.
Furthermore, the metal nanowire layer, the first electrode, the second electrode, the first wiring port and the second wiring port are all connected through the conductive silver adhesive, the problem that a lead is separated from the electrode in the wiring port is solved, and the connection reliability is improved.
Furthermore, a lower flexible fixing plate is fixed at two ends of the lower end face of the nanofiber membrane respectively, and a fixing hole is formed in the flexible fixing plate, so that the nanofiber membrane is convenient to wear.
Furthermore, the nanofiber membrane is a polyurethane nanofiber membrane, and the polyurethane nanofiber membrane has good stretching capacity and conformal capacity, so that the strain sensing range of the sensor can be enlarged and a more accurate detection result can be obtained at the same time.
Furthermore, the first electrode and the second electrode are flat copper wires, so that the thickness of the sensor is reduced as much as possible, and the wearing comfort is improved.
The composite nanofiber membrane is applied to a flexible strain sensor, the flexible strain sensor has a large strain sensing range, has the capability of detecting various strains, can be used for detecting deformation such as bending, stretching and twisting, and can be used for monitoring human joint movement.
The utility model provides an available sticky tape of flexible strain sensor directly pastes on human skin, or utilizes the knitting to wear, or fixes at the position that the human body needs to detect with the sleeve area, carries out human motion strain detection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a composite nanofiber membrane structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a flexible strain sensor;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a flexible strain sensor;
FIG. 4 is a right side view of the flexible strain sensor;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a flexible strain sensor;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the sensor sensitivity for a flexible strain sensor prepared in example 6 when stretched 200% from its original length.
In the drawings: 1-a nanofiber membrane; 2-a metal nanowire layer; 3-a first electrode; 4-a second electrode; 5-a first wiring port; 6-upper flexible fixing plate; 7-a lower flexible fixing plate, 8-a second wiring port and 9-a second upper flexible fixing plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships that are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience in describing and simplifying the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a composite nanofiber membrane includes a nanofiber membrane 1 and a metal nanowire layer 2 deposited on the nanofiber membrane 1.
Preferably, the metal nanowire layer 2 is a silver nanowire layer.
A flexible strain sensor comprises a nanofiber membrane 1, a metal nanowire layer 2, a first electrode 3, a second electrode 4, a first wiring port 5, a second wiring port 8, a first upper flexible fixing plate 6, a second upper flexible fixing plate 9 and a lower flexible fixing plate 7. The metal nanowire layer 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the nanofiber membrane 1 to form a composite nanofiber membrane;
the nanofiber membrane 1 is rectangular, two sides of the upper end of the nanofiber membrane 1 are respectively connected with a first upper flexible fixing plate 6 and a second upper flexible fixing plate 9, the first upper flexible fixing plate 6 and the second upper flexible fixing plate 9 are identical in shape and size, connecting holes are formed in the middle parts of the first upper flexible fixing plate 6 and the second upper flexible fixing plate 9, the middle position of the first upper flexible fixing plate 6 protrudes upwards, a pore is formed between the first upper flexible fixing plate 6 and the nanofiber membrane 1, and the second end of the first electrode 3 extends into the pore; the middle position of the second upper flexible fixing plate 9 protrudes upwards, a pore is formed between the second upper flexible fixing plate and the nanofiber membrane 1, and the second end of the second electrode 4 extends into the pore; the lower end of the first wiring port 5 extends into a connecting hole formed in the first upper flexible fixing plate 6 and is bonded with the upper end face of the first electrode 3 through conductive silver adhesive, and the lower end of the second wiring port 8 extends into a connecting hole formed in the second upper flexible fixing plate 9 and is bonded with the upper end face of the second electrode 4 through conductive silver adhesive.
Preferably, the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 4 are flat copper wires or copper tapes.
The metal nanowire layer 2 is circular, a first electrode 3 and a second electrode 4 are bonded on the metal nanowire layer 2 through conductive silver adhesive, the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 4 are oppositely arranged, a first end of the first electrode 3 is connected with the metal nanowire layer 2, and a second end of the first electrode is connected with a first wiring port 5; the first end of the second electrode 4 is connected to the metal nanowire layer 2, and the second end is connected to the second wiring port 8.
Two ends of the lower end face of the nanofiber membrane 1 are respectively fixed with a lower flexible fixing plate 7, two holes for penetrating the cuff are formed in the flexible fixing plate 7, the cuff penetrates through the hole in the lower side of the flexible fixing plate 6, and then the cuff can be worn on a human body to perform human motion strain detection.
The nanofiber membrane 1, the first upper flexible fixing plate 6, the second upper flexible fixing plate 9 and the lower flexible fixing plate 7 are bonded by double-sided adhesive tapes.
The first wiring port 5 and the second wiring port 8 are connected with a signal processing circuit through wires, the signal processing circuit is used for collecting the resistance of the composite nanofiber membrane, calculating the resistance change according to the collected resistance value, and obtaining a strain value according to a calibrated resistance value change-strain relation graph.
R0R is the collected resistance value.
The calibration process comprises the following steps: after the flexible strain sensor prepared by the preparation process is connected with a test system, the flexible strain sensor is stretched to 200% from the original length, the resistance value change condition of the flexible strain sensor is recorded, and the sensitivity curve of the sensor is obtained and is shown in fig. 6. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the measurement range can reach 200% strain, and a certain sensitivity can be ensured, and in the range of 155% -200% strain, the sensitivity can reach 170.09.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a composite nanofiber membrane for a flexible strain sensor, which comprises the steps of dissolving polymer particles in an organic solvent to prepare a spinning solution; transferring a spinning solvent into an injector, extruding the spinning solution through the injector, and adjusting relevant parameters of electrostatic spinning to stabilize jet flow so as to collect the nanofiber membrane on a collecting plate; diluting the silver nanowire dispersion liquid, performing water bath ultrasonic dispersion, and depositing a metal nanowire layer on the pre-stretched nanofiber membrane by using a vacuum-assisted suction filtration method; the binding force between the nano wires and the elastic substrate is improved through high-temperature annealing. The composite nanofiber membrane is applied to a flexible strain sensor, the flexible strain sensor has a large strain sensing range, has the capability of detecting various strains, can be used for detecting deformation such as bending, stretching and twisting, and can be used for monitoring human joint movement.
The polymer used for electrospinning the nanofiber membrane was Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU), and the metal nanowires were silver nanowires (AgNW).
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, a method for preparing a composite nanofiber membrane for a flexible strain sensor includes the steps of:
s1, weighing a polymer material with good tensile capacity, such as polyurethane particles, Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or Polyformaldehyde (POM), with the mass fraction of 25% -30% by using a precision balance, adding the polymer material into a prepared solvent in advance, and stirring the mixture by using a magnetic stirrer until the polyurethane particles are completely dissolved to obtain a spinning solution;
s2, transferring the spinning solution obtained in the step S1 into an injector in electrostatic spinning equipment, extruding the spinning solution through the injector, adjusting relevant parameters of electrostatic spinning, enabling extruded spinning solution droplets to form stable jet flow under the action of a high-voltage electrostatic field, and depositing the jet flow on a collecting plate through high-speed stretching of electric field force, solvent volatilization and solidification to form a nanofiber membrane and pre-stretching the nanofiber membrane;
s3, diluting a small amount of silver nanowire dispersion liquid by using deionized water, ultrasonically dispersing, depositing a layer of silver nanowires on the nanofiber membrane by using a vacuum-assisted suction filtration method, and annealing the vacuum-filtered membrane in a vacuum drying oven.
The solvent in the S1 is composed of analytically pure N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solution and analytically pure acetone solution, wherein the mass fraction of the N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solution is 50-75%, and the mass fraction of the acetone solution is 25-50%.
The relevant parameters of the electrostatic spinning in the S2 comprise the advancing speed, the voltage and the receiving distance of the spinning solution. Wherein the advancing speed is 6-10 mu L/min, the spinning voltage is 8.65-12 kV, and the receiving distance is 10-14 cm.
In the silver nanowire dispersion liquid in the S3, the content of the silver nanowires is 1 mg-1.8 mg, the diluted concentration is 0.01 mg/mL-0.018 mg/mL, and the water bath ultrasonic dispersion time is 25 min-30 min.
The vacuum auxiliary suction filtration step in S3 is as follows: soaking a filter element of vacuum filtration equipment with a little deionized water, covering a filter element with a filter membrane, placing a nanofiber membrane prepared by electrostatic spinning on the filter membrane, fixing a filter cup and the filter element with a clamp, slowly pouring the silver nanowire dispersion liquid after ultrasonic dispersion into the filter cup, then starting filtration, loading the silver nanowires on the TPU nanofiber membrane, and carefully taking down the composite nanofiber membrane after all the solution in the filter cup is filtered to a conical flask below the filter cup.
The filter membrane in the vacuum-assisted suction filtration is a Mixed Cellulose Ester (MCE) filter membrane.
The TPU nanofiber membrane is pre-stretched to 110-150% strain in the vacuum-assisted suction filtration.
And annealing the composite nanofiber membrane subjected to suction filtration in the S3 in a vacuum drying oven for 20-40 min.
And the annealing temperature of the composite nanofiber membrane subjected to suction filtration in the S3 in a vacuum drying oven is 110-125 ℃.
Example 3
A preparation method of a composite nanofiber membrane for a flexible strain sensor comprises the following steps:
A. polyurethane particles with the mass fraction of 25% are measured by a precision balance and added into an organic solvent prepared in advance, wherein the organic solvent consists of an N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solution and an acetone solution, and the mass fraction of the N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solution is 75%. Stirring by using a magnetic stirrer until the polyurethane particles are completely dissolved to obtain a spinning solution;
B. transferring the spinning solution into an injector, extruding the spinning solution through the injector, adjusting relevant parameters of electrostatic spinning, wherein the advancing speed is 6 mu L/min, the spinning voltage is 8.65kV, the receiving distance is 10cm, so that extruded liquid drops form stable jet flow under the action of a high-voltage electrostatic field, and the jet flow is finally deposited on a collecting plate through high-speed stretching of electric field force, solvent volatilization and solidification to form a nanofiber membrane;
C. diluting a dispersion liquid containing 1mg of silver nanowires to 0.01mg/mL by using deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion in a water bath for 25min, taking a little deionized water to infiltrate a filter element of vacuum filtration equipment, covering a piece of Mixed Cellulose Ester (MCE) filter membrane on the filter element, then placing a TPU nanofiber membrane pre-stretched to 110% strain on the filter membrane, fixing the filter cup and the filter element by using a clamp, slowly pouring the mixed solution into the filter cup, then starting suction filtration to load the silver nanowires on the TPU nanofiber membrane, and carefully taking down the filter membrane after all the solution in the filter cup is sucked and filtered to a conical flask below, thus obtaining the TPU nanofiber membrane loaded with the silver nanowires. And (3) putting the filtered TPU nanofiber membrane loaded with the silver nanowires into a vacuum drying oven, and annealing for 20min at the temperature of 110 ℃ to obtain the composite nanofiber membrane.
The composite nanofiber membrane prepared according to the preparation process is placed under a scanning electron microscope to observe the surface morphology, and the results are shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3. The TPU nanofiber membrane is of a uniform porous structure, the diameter is uniform, fibers are not adhered, and silver nanowires are uniformly loaded on the TPU fibers.
Example 4
A preparation method of a composite nanofiber membrane for a flexible strain sensor comprises the following steps:
A. polyurethane particles with the mass fraction of 30% are measured by a precision balance and added into an organic solvent prepared in advance, wherein the organic solvent consists of an N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solution and an acetone solution, and the mass fraction of the N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solution is 60%. Stirring by using a magnetic stirrer until the polyurethane particles are completely dissolved to obtain a spinning solution;
B. transferring the spinning solution into an injector, extruding the spinning solution through the injector, adjusting relevant parameters of electrostatic spinning, wherein the propelling speed is 8 mu L/min, the spinning voltage is 10kV, the receiving distance is 12cm, so that extruded liquid drops form stable jet flow under the action of a high-voltage electrostatic field, and the jet flow is finally deposited on a collecting plate through high-speed stretching of electric field force, solvent volatilization and solidification to form a nanofiber membrane;
C. diluting a dispersion liquid containing 1.5mg of silver nanowires to 0.015mg/mL by using deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion in a water bath for 30min, taking a little deionized water to infiltrate a filter element of vacuum filtration equipment, covering a piece of Mixed Cellulose Ester (MCE) filter membrane on the filter element, then placing a TPU nanofiber membrane pre-stretched to 140% strain on the filter membrane, fixing the filter cup and the filter element by using a clamp, slowly pouring the mixed solution into the filter cup, starting suction filtration to load the silver nanowires on the TPU nanofiber membrane, and carefully taking down the filter membrane after all the solution in the filter cup is sucked and filtered to a conical flask below to obtain the TPU nanofiber membrane loaded with the silver nanowires. And (3) putting the TPU nanofiber membrane loaded with the silver nanowires into a vacuum drying oven to anneal for 30min at the temperature of 120 ℃ to obtain the composite nanofiber membrane.
The composite nanofiber membrane prepared according to the preparation process is placed under a scanning electron microscope to observe the surface morphology, and the results are shown in fig. 4 and 5. The TPU nanofiber membrane is of a uniform porous structure, the diameter is uniform, fibers are not adhered, and silver nanowires are uniformly loaded on the TPU fibers.
Example 5
A preparation method of a composite nanofiber membrane for a flexible strain sensor comprises the following steps:
A. polyurethane particles with the mass fraction of 27% are measured by a precision balance and added into an organic solvent which is prepared in advance, wherein the organic solvent consists of an N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solution and an acetone solution, and the mass fraction of the N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solution is 50%. Stirring by using a magnetic stirrer until the polyurethane particles are completely dissolved to obtain a spinning solution;
B. transferring the spinning solution into an injector, extruding the spinning solution through the injector, adjusting relevant parameters of electrostatic spinning, wherein the propelling speed is 10 mu L/min, the spinning voltage is 12kV, the receiving distance is 14cm, so that extruded liquid drops form stable jet flow under the action of a high-voltage electrostatic field, and the jet flow is finally deposited on a collecting plate through high-speed stretching of electric field force, solvent volatilization and solidification to form a nanofiber membrane;
C. diluting a dispersion liquid containing 1.8mg of silver nanowires to 0.018mg/mL by using deionized water, ultrasonically dispersing for 28min in a water bath, taking a little deionized water to infiltrate a filter element of vacuum filtration equipment, taking a piece of Mixed Cellulose Ester (MCE) filter membrane to cover the filter element, then placing a TPU nanofiber membrane pre-stretched to 150% strain on the filter membrane, fixing the filter cup and the filter element by using a clamp, slowly pouring the mixed solution into the filter cup, starting suction filtration to load the silver nanowires on the TPU nanofiber membrane, and carefully taking down the filter membrane after all the solution in the filter cup is sucked and filtered to a conical flask below to obtain the TPU nanofiber membrane loaded with the silver nanowires. And (3) putting the TPU nanofiber membrane loaded with the silver nanowires into a vacuum drying oven, and annealing for 40min at the temperature of 125 ℃ to obtain the composite nanofiber membrane.
Example 6
A method for preparing a flexible strain sensor comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a composite nanofiber membrane by the method of the embodiment 5;
and S2, connecting the composite nanofiber membrane obtained in the step S1 with a signal processing circuit through a lead, wherein the signal processing circuit is used for collecting the resistance of the composite nanofiber membrane, calculating the resistance change according to the collected resistance value, and obtaining a strain value according to a calibrated resistance value change-strain relation graph.
R0R is the collected resistance value.
The calibration process comprises the following steps: after the flexible strain sensor prepared by the preparation process is connected with a test system, the flexible strain sensor is stretched to 200% from the original length, the resistance value change condition of the flexible strain sensor is recorded, and the sensitivity curve of the sensor is obtained and is shown in fig. 6. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the measurement range can reach 200% strain, and a certain sensitivity can be ensured, and in the range of 155% -200% strain, the sensitivity can reach 170.09.
The above contents are only for explaining the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical solution according to the technical idea of the present invention all fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The flexible strain sensor is characterized by comprising a nanofiber membrane (1) and a metal nanowire layer (2) arranged on the nanofiber membrane (1), wherein the metal nanowire layer (2) is connected with a first electrode (3) and a second electrode (4), the first electrode (3) is connected with a first wiring port (5), and the second electrode (4) is connected with a second wiring port (8).
2. The flexible strain sensor according to claim 1, wherein a first upper flexible fixing plate (6) and a second upper flexible fixing plate (9) are respectively connected to two sides of the upper end of the nanofiber membrane (1), connecting holes are formed in the middle of each of the first upper flexible fixing plate (6) and the second upper flexible fixing plate (9), the middle of each of the first upper flexible fixing plate (6) protrudes upwards, a first pore is formed between each of the first upper flexible fixing plates and the nanofiber membrane (1), and one end of each first electrode (3) extends into each first pore; the middle position of the second upper flexible fixing plate (9) is upwards protruded, a second pore is formed between the second upper flexible fixing plate and the nanofiber membrane (1), and the second end of the second electrode (4) extends into the second pore; the lower end of the first wiring port (5) extends into a connecting hole formed in the first upper flexible fixing plate (6) to be bonded with the upper end face of the first electrode (3), and the lower end of the second wiring port (8) extends into a connecting hole formed in the second upper flexible fixing plate (9) to be bonded with the upper end face of the second electrode (4).
3. A flexible strain sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal nanowire layer (2) is a silver nanowire layer.
4. A flexible strain sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal nanowire layer (2) and the first electrode (3) and the second electrode (4), the first electrode (3) and the first connection port (5), and the second electrode (4) and the second connection port (8) are bonded together by means of a conductive silver adhesive.
5. The flexible strain sensor according to claim 1, wherein a lower flexible fixing plate (7) is fixed to each of two ends of the lower end surface of the nanofiber membrane (1), and fixing holes are formed in the flexible fixing plates (7).
6. A flexible strain sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the nanofibrous membrane (1) is a polyurethane nanofibrous membrane.
7. A flexible strain sensor according to claim 1, characterised in that the first electrode (3) and the second electrode (4) are flat copper wires.
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