CN214629581U - Dialysis device for preparing low-potassium and low-phosphorus dairy product - Google Patents
Dialysis device for preparing low-potassium and low-phosphorus dairy product Download PDFInfo
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- Dairy Products (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model relates to a dialysis device, concretely relates to dialysis device of low potassium low phosphorus dairy products of preparation. The utility model aims at solving the technical problem that the prior art is difficult to fully reduce the content of potassium and phosphorus in the dairy products so as to meet the clinical requirement of patients suffering from chronic renal insufficiency, and providing a dialysis device for preparing low-potassium and low-phosphorus dairy products. The dialysis device takes the dairy product with rich nutrient content as an entry point, uses a heating disinfection container with a hollow fiber bundle, adopts a small-aperture dialysis membrane, induces small molecular ions to exchange between dialysate and the dairy product through mechanisms such as dispersion and the like, further adjusts the content of specific ions (potassium and phosphorus) in the dairy product, reaches the standard of low potassium and low phosphorus, prepares the low potassium and low phosphorus dairy product which meets the nutritional requirement of patients with chronic renal insufficiency and does not cause electrolyte disorder, and has important clinical value and application value.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a dialysis device, concretely relates to dialysis device of low potassium low phosphorus dairy products of preparation.
Background
The prevalence rate of chronic kidney disease is about 10.8%, and tends to increase year by year. In the patients, the glomerular filtration rate is reduced, and diet is restricted, so malnutrition complications are easy to occur, the body is in negative nitrogen balance, and the functions of important organs are affected. Document PMID: 23636234, patients with chronic renal insufficiency develop malnutrition when the glomerular filtration rate is < 60 ml/min. Combined malnutrition can lead to increased rates of hospitalization and mortality in such patients. Malnutrition of such patients can occur due to a number of causes including inadequate protein intake, accumulation of uremic toxins, moderate to severe proteinuria, enhanced catabolism, metabolic disturbances, and the like. Document PMID: 23698226, the most common and major cause of malnutrition in such patients is inadequate protein and energy intake. Therefore, protein intake is increased appropriately for patients with chronic renal insufficiency and malnutrition. Document PMID: 20557492, the most feared problem with increasing protein intake is its concomitant high potassium and phosphorus load. Patients with chronic renal insufficiency are easy to have hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia due to the reduction of glomerular filtration rate, and can cause arrhythmia and sudden death in severe cases; inducing secondary hyperparathyroidism and promoting the generation and development of renal bone diseases. In addition, restricting protein intake in order to control potassium and phosphorus intake can cause malnutrition. How to balance the protein content with the phosphorus and potassium content in food is an important problem for improving malnutrition of patients with chronic renal insufficiency.
This seemingly contradictory therapeutic goal can only be achieved by carefully studying the ingredients in the food product and controlling the quality and quantity of the food product. It is necessary to design specific foods for patients with chronic renal insufficiency, in which some ingredients need to be specially adjusted for the patients with chronic renal insufficiency to achieve the final goal of improving the nutritional status.
The dairy product is a high-quality protein source, contains multiple proteins such as casein, albumin, globulin and milk protein, and contains 8 amino acids essential to human body in more than 20 amino acids; in addition, dairy products also contain large amounts of fat-soluble vitamins, so increasing dairy product intake can reduce the incidence of malnutrition (PMID: 28098050). But at the same time, the dairy product is also rich in various minerals and trace elements, including calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and the like. For example, every 100g of milk contains about 73mg of phosphorus and 109mg of potassium, so that many patients with chronic renal insufficiency are daunting with dairy products, and the consumption of the dairy products of the patients is severely limited.
In response to this conflict, in 1995 a study (PMID 7588979) proposed the use of phosphorus binders to reduce the phosphorus content of milk. The phosphorus binding agent used in this study was calcium acetate, and the phosphorus content in milk was measured by administering different concentrations of calcium acetate. The results show that calcium acetate is not effective in reducing the phosphate content of milk and that addition of more than 30mg of calcium acetate produces an unpleasant sour taste in milk. In the future, researches propose that phosphate in cow milk is combined by using a phosphorus binding agent, and the phosphate is removed after precipitation to prepare a low-phosphate dairy product. However, it has been found (PMID 20431578) that even very high doses of phosphorus-binding agent neutralize approximately 200-300mg of phosphorus, and that human daily phosphorus intake is approximately 1-1.5g, indicating that 70% of the phosphorus is absorbed by the body. Whether the specific ion components in the milk can be removed by a special method or not enables the chronic renal insufficiency patients to enjoy the milk nutrient components and simultaneously not cause electrolyte disturbance is a clinical problem worthy of exploration.
Dialysis is the process by which the solute of solution a is exposed (solution a and solution B are not mixed) to solution B through a semi-permeable membrane, thereby changing the solute composition of solution a. Dialysis uses semipermeable membranes to remove various harmful and redundant metabolic wastes and excessive electrolytes from the body by using mechanisms such as dispersion and convection to achieve the purpose of purifying blood, and is often applied to patients with renal failure. Dialysis techniques have also been used in the detection of dairy products, the literature PMID: 11601480, the use of immunoadsorbent columns (a form of dialysis) to detect staphylococcal enterotoxin in dairy products has been reported, but no report has been found on the application of dialysis techniques to adjust the ion concentration in dairy products.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at solving the technical problem that the prior art is difficult to fully reduce the content of potassium and phosphorus in the dairy products so as to meet the requirements of patients suffering from chronic renal insufficiency, and providing a dialysis device for preparing low-potassium and low-phosphorus dairy products.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a technical solution as follows:
a dialysis device for preparing low-potassium and low-phosphorus dairy products is characterized in that: comprises a dairy product stock solution container, a pretreatment unit, a dairy product pump, a heating disinfection container, a third cooler, a dairy product finished product container, a dialysate pump, a dialysate container, a waste liquid container and a connecting pipeline;
the top of the heating and disinfecting container is provided with a dairy product inlet, the bottom of the heating and disinfecting container is provided with a dairy product outlet, the side wall of the heating and disinfecting container is provided with a dialysate inlet and a dialysate outlet, and a hollow fiber bundle is arranged in the heating and disinfecting container; the inlet end of the hollow fiber bundle is connected with the dairy product inlet of the heating and sterilizing container, and the outlet end of the hollow fiber bundle is connected with the dairy product outlet of the heating and sterilizing container; the tube wall of the hollow fiber bundle is a porous dialysis membrane allowing particles with molecular weight less than or equal to 100 to pass through;
the pretreatment unit comprises a first cooler, a filter, a purifier, a second cooler and a homogenizer which are sequentially connected between a dairy product stock solution container and a heating and sterilizing container; the inlet of the first cooler is connected with the outlet of the dairy product stock solution container, and the outlet of the homogenizer is connected with the dairy product inlet of the heating and sterilizing container;
the dairy product pump is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the homogenizer and the heating disinfection container and is used for adjusting the flow rate of the dairy product; the dairy product outlet of the heating and sterilizing container is connected with the inlet of the third cooler, and the outlet of the third cooler is connected with the inlet of the dairy product finished product container;
a dialysate outlet of the dialysate container is connected with a dialysate inlet of the heating disinfection container, and a connecting pipeline between the dialysate outlet and the dialysate container is provided with the dialysate pump for adjusting the flow rate of dialysate; the dialysate outlet of the heating and disinfecting container is connected with the inlet of the waste liquid container.
Furthermore, the hollow fiber bundle is provided with a plurality of hollow fiber bundles, the inlet end of each hollow fiber bundle is connected with the dairy product inlet of the heating and sterilizing container through a first adapter, and the outlet end of each hollow fiber bundle is connected with the dairy product outlet of the heating and sterilizing container through a second adapter.
Further, the dialysate inlet and the dialysate outlet are respectively arranged on the lower side wall and the upper side wall of the heating and sterilizing container, and the dialysate inlet and the dialysate outlet are positioned on the opposite sides of the side wall of the heating and sterilizing container.
The utility model discloses compare the beneficial effect that prior art has:
1. the utility model provides a dialysis device of preparation low potassium low phosphorus dairy products starts from to the clinical problem that the dairy products of chronic renal insufficiency patient take the electrolyte disorder that appears easily, uses the dairy products that nutrient content is abundant as the access point, uses the dialysis technique, and the induced small molecule ion is through mechanism exchange such as dispersion between dislysate and dairy products, and then adjusts the content of specific ion (potassium and phosphorus) in the dairy products; and heating and disinfection are carried out while dialysis, so that the aim of disinfecting dairy products can be fulfilled; on the other hand, the ion exchange between the dairy product and the dialysate can be accelerated, the safe dairy product which meets the nutritional requirements of patients with chronic renal insufficiency can be prepared, the risk of electrolyte disorder after the dairy product is drunk is not increased, a practical and feasible practical basis is provided for finally realizing the key targets of improving the nutritional state and prognosis of the patients with chronic renal insufficiency and improving the survival rate, and the method has important clinical value and application value.
2. The utility model discloses a many hollow fiber bundles to through the heating disinfection, effectively improved dialysis area of action and action speed, shortened the dialysis time greatly.
3. The utility model also arranges a first cooler, a filter, a purifier, a second cooler and a homogenizer which are used conventionally in the dairy product preparation engineering between the dairy product stock solution container and the heating and sterilizing container in order to realize the purposes of inhibiting the reproduction of microorganisms and prolonging the duration time of the antibacterial property; the treated dairy product is heated, sterilized, dialyzed and cooled, so that the safety requirement of the dairy product is ensured.
4. The dairy product inlet and the dairy product outlet of the heating and disinfecting container are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the heating and disinfecting container, the dialysate inlet and the dialysate outlet are respectively arranged at the opposite positions (namely, opposite sides) of the lower side wall and the upper side wall of the heating and disinfecting container, and the flow directions of the dialysate and the dairy products are opposite, so that the dialysis efficiency can be further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a dialysis apparatus for preparing low-potassium and low-phosphorus dairy products according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the dialysis apparatus for preparing low-potassium and low-phosphorus dairy products according to the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
1-dairy product stock solution container, 2-first cooler, 3-filter, 4-purifier, 5-second cooler, 6-homogenizer, 7-dairy product pump, 8-heating disinfection container, 9-third cooler, 10-dairy product finished product container, 11-dialysate pump, 12-dialysate container, 13-waste liquid container, 14-hollow fiber bundle, 15-first adapter, 16-second adapter.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A dialysis device for preparing low-potassium and low-phosphorus dairy products is shown in figure 1 and comprises a dairy product stock solution container 1, a pretreatment unit, a dairy product pump 7, a heating and sterilizing container 8, a third cooler 9, a dairy product finished product container 10, a dialysate pump 11, a dialysate container 12, a waste solution container 13 and a connecting pipeline; the top of the heating and disinfecting container 8 is provided with a dairy product inlet, the bottom of the heating and disinfecting container is provided with a dairy product outlet, the side wall of the heating and disinfecting container is provided with a dialysate inlet and a dialysate outlet, and a hollow fiber bundle 14 is arranged in the heating and disinfecting container 8; the inlet end of the hollow fiber bundle 14 is connected with the dairy product inlet of the heating disinfection container 8, and the outlet end of the hollow fiber bundle 14 is connected with the dairy product outlet of the heating disinfection container 8 (in use, dairy products flow in the hollow fiber bundle 14, and dialysate flows outside the hollow fiber bundle 14); the tube wall of the hollow fiber bundle 14 is a porous dialysis membrane allowing particles with molecular weight less than or equal to 100 to pass through; the pretreatment unit comprises a first cooler 2, a filter 3, a purifier 4, a second cooler 5 and a homogenizer 6 which are sequentially connected between a dairy product stock solution container 1 and a heating and sterilizing container 8; the inlet of the first cooler 2 is connected with the outlet of the dairy product stock solution container 1, and the outlet of the homogenizer 6 is connected with the dairy product inlet of the heating and sterilizing container 8; the dairy product pump 7 is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the homogenizer 6 and the heating disinfection container 8 and is used for adjusting the flow rate of dairy products; the dairy product outlet of the heating and sterilizing container 8 is connected with the inlet of the third cooler 9, and the outlet of the third cooler 9 is connected with the inlet of the finished dairy product container 10; a dialysate outlet of the dialysate container 12 is connected with a dialysate inlet of the heating disinfection container 8, and a connecting pipeline between the dialysate outlet and the dialysate container is provided with a dialysate pump 11 for adjusting the flow rate of dialysate; the dialysate outlet of the heat disinfection container 8 is connected to the inlet of the waste container 13.
The hollow fiber bundle 14 has a plurality of hollow fiber bundles 14, the inlet end of each hollow fiber bundle 14 is connected with the dairy product inlet of the heating and sterilizing container 8 through a first adapter 15, and the outlet end of each hollow fiber bundle 14 is connected with the dairy product outlet of the heating and sterilizing container 8 through a second adapter 16. The first adapter 15 is an adapter with an inlet and a plurality of outlets, the interior of the adapter is a cavity, the inlet of the first adapter is connected with the dairy product inlet of the heating and sterilizing container 8, and the outlets of the first adapter are respectively connected with the inlet ends of the hollow fiber bundles 14; the second adapter 16 is identical in structure to the first adapter 15, but is installed in the opposite direction, i.e., its inlets are connected to the outlet ends of the hollow fiber bundles 14, respectively, and its outlet is connected to the dairy product outlet of the heat sterilization container 8.
The dialysate inlet and the dialysate outlet are respectively arranged on the lower side wall and the upper side wall of the heating and sterilizing container 8, and the dialysate inlet and the dialysate outlet are positioned on the opposite sides of the side wall of the heating and sterilizing container 8.
The dialysis method of the dialysis device for preparing the low-potassium and low-phosphorus dairy product specifically comprises the following steps:
putting the freshly squeezed milk (or other fresh dairy products) into a milk tank, and quickly cooling to inhibit the propagation of microorganisms and prolong the duration time of antibacterial property; and filtering, purifying, cooling, homogenizing, heating for disinfection and dialyzing the cooled milk in time, and rapidly cooling the treated milk to 10 ℃ to prevent the propagation of residual spores and keep the quality of the milk. And the paper material which is light-resistant and meets the environmental protection requirement is used as a package for sealing and packaging. Wherein the operations of filtering, purifying, cooling, homogenizing and final packaging are all the production processes of the existing dairy products, and are not described in detail herein. The main contents of the present invention are mainly described below: heating and sterilizing milk and dialyzing.
Adding milk into a heating and sterilizing container 8, sterilizing the milk by using a heating and sterilizing method, wherein the temperature of the heating and sterilizing container 8 is set to be 73.8-76.6 ℃, and the time for the milk to flow through the heating and sterilizing container 8 is about 1-10 minutes, so that the aim of sterilizing the milk can be fulfilled without damaging the nutritional ingredients of the milk; on the other hand, the ion exchange between milk and dialysate can be accelerated. The heating sterilization container 8 contains a plurality of hollow fiber bundles 14, which are made of a porous semipermeable membrane having pores through which particles having a molecular weight of 100 or less pass, i.e., allowing only particles having a molecular weight of 100 or less to pass. The milk flows into the hollow fiber bundle 14, the flowing direction is from top to bottom, and the pumping speed of the dairy pump 7 is 150-.
The dialysate flows in from the inlet of the heating disinfection container 8, flows outside the hollow fiber bundle 14, flows from bottom to top (during the whole dialysis, the flow direction between the dialysate and the milk is opposite), and the pump speed of the dialysate pump 11 is set to be 300-400 ml/min. As shown in figure 2, the dialyzate is free of potassium and phosphorus, and high potassium and high phosphorus in the milk can be diffused into the dialyzate outside the hollow fiber bundle 14 through a concentration gradient, so that the aim of removing the high potassium and high phosphorus content in the milk is fulfilled. The dialysate is high-purity water containing glucose and various ions except potassium ion and phosphorus ion contained in milk, and the concentration of various ions is the same as that in milk, and glucose is used for regulating osmotic pressure to make the osmotic pressure of the dialysate equal to that of milk.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same, and it is obvious for a person skilled in the art to modify the specific technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or to equally replace some technical features of the embodiments, and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions protected by the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A dialysis device for preparing low-potassium and low-phosphorus dairy products is characterized in that: comprises a dairy product stock solution container (1), a pretreatment unit, a dairy product pump (7), a heating and disinfecting container (8), a third cooler (9), a dairy product finished product container (10), a dialysate pump (11), a dialysate container (12), a waste liquid container (13) and a connecting pipeline;
the top of the heating and disinfecting container (8) is provided with a dairy product inlet, the bottom of the heating and disinfecting container is provided with a dairy product outlet, the side wall of the heating and disinfecting container is provided with a dialysate inlet and a dialysate outlet, and a hollow fiber bundle (14) is arranged in the heating and disinfecting container (8); the inlet end of the hollow fiber bundle (14) is connected with the dairy product inlet of the heating and sterilizing container (8), and the outlet end of the hollow fiber bundle (14) is connected with the dairy product outlet of the heating and sterilizing container (8); the tube wall of the hollow fiber bundle (14) is a porous dialysis membrane allowing particles with molecular weight less than or equal to 100 to pass through;
the pretreatment unit comprises a first cooler (2), a filter (3), a purifier (4), a second cooler (5) and a homogenizer (6) which are sequentially connected between a dairy product stock solution container (1) and a heating and sterilizing container (8); the inlet of the first cooler (2) is connected with the outlet of the dairy product stock solution container (1), and the outlet of the homogenizer (6) is connected with the dairy product inlet of the heating and sterilizing container (8);
the dairy product pump (7) is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the homogenizer (6) and the heating disinfection container (8) and is used for adjusting the flow rate of the dairy product; the dairy product outlet of the heating and sterilizing container (8) is connected with the inlet of the third cooler (9), and the outlet of the third cooler (9) is connected with the inlet of the dairy product finished product container (10);
a dialysate outlet of the dialysate container (12) is connected with a dialysate inlet of the heating disinfection container (8), and a connecting pipeline between the dialysate outlet and the dialysate container is provided with the dialysate pump (11) for adjusting the flow rate of dialysate; the dialysate outlet of the heating disinfection container (8) is connected with the inlet of the waste liquid container (13).
2. The dialysis device for preparing low-potassium and low-phosphorus dairy product according to claim 1, wherein: the inlet ends of the hollow fiber bundles (14) are connected with a dairy product inlet of the heating and sterilizing container (8) through a first adapter (15), and the outlet ends of the hollow fiber bundles (14) are connected with a dairy product outlet of the heating and sterilizing container (8) through a second adapter (16).
3. Dialysis device for the preparation of low-potassium and low-phosphorus dairy products according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the dialysate inlet and the dialysate outlet are respectively arranged on the lower side wall and the upper side wall of the heating and disinfecting container (8), and the dialysate inlet and the dialysate outlet are positioned on the different sides of the side wall of the heating and disinfecting container (8).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202023286535.XU CN214629581U (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Dialysis device for preparing low-potassium and low-phosphorus dairy product |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202023286535.XU CN214629581U (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Dialysis device for preparing low-potassium and low-phosphorus dairy product |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN214629581U true CN214629581U (en) | 2021-11-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202023286535.XU Expired - Fee Related CN214629581U (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Dialysis device for preparing low-potassium and low-phosphorus dairy product |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN214629581U (en) |
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2020
- 2020-12-30 CN CN202023286535.XU patent/CN214629581U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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